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Comprehensive analysis of Clade A PP2C family in poplar unveils PtrPP2C-9 as a negative regulator of osmotic stress tolerance through ABF3/GBF3 network 杨树A枝PP2C家族的综合分析揭示PtrPP2C-9通过ABF3/GBF3网络作为渗透胁迫耐受的负调控因子

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112977

Yuan Zhang , Rui-Quan Wang , Xin-Yi Wang , Shu-Ying Wei, Hao Li, Shuang-Lian Deng, Jia-Hui Liu, Ting Wang, Liang-Hua Chen, Fang He

Members of the clade A protein phosphatase 2 C (PP2C) family serve as critical negative regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways and mediate plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. However, systematic genome-wide characterization of clade A PP2C members in Populus trichocarpa remains limited. In this study, we identified 16 clade A PtrPP2C genes through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Additionally, their evolutionary relationships, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns were investigated. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed significant evolutionary conservation of the poplar clade A PtrPP2Cs with Arabidopsis homologs. Moreover, promoter analysis identified abundant ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) and stress-related elements, suggesting conserved regulatory mechanisms in stress adaptation. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that most of clade A PtrPP2Cs exhibited significant upregulation under both drought stress and ABA treatment, with PtrPP2C-9 as a representative example. Additionally, functional validation through osmotic stress assays using mannitol revealed that PtrPP2C-9-overexpressing (PtrPP2C-9-OE) transgenic plants displayed enhanced sensitivity to osmotic stress compared to wild-type controls, as evidenced by reduced root elongation and compromised stress tolerance. Furthermore, PtrPP2C-9 may influence poplar tolerance to drought stress by mediating a transcriptional regulatory network centered on ABF3 and GBF3. This study provides the first systematic investigation of clade A PP2Cs in poplar, establishing their critical roles in osmotic stress responses and offering potential molecular targets for improving stress resilience in woody plants.

A枝蛋白磷酸酶2C （PP2C）家族成员是脱落酸（ABA）信号通路的关键负调控因子，并介导植物对非生物胁迫的适应。然而，对毛杨A枝PP2C成员的系统全基因组表征仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们通过全面的全基因组分析鉴定了16个进化支A的PtrPP2C基因。此外，还研究了它们的进化关系、顺式作用元件和表达模式。系统发育重建显示，杨树进化枝A ptrpp2c与拟南芥同源物具有显著的进化保守性。此外，启动子分析还发现了丰富的aba响应元件（ABREs）和应激相关元件，提示应激适应的保守调控机制。转录组学分析表明，在干旱胁迫和ABA处理下，A支系大部分ptrpp2c均表现出显著上调，其中以PtrPP2C-9为代表。此外，通过使用甘露醇进行渗透胁迫试验的功能验证表明，与野生型对照相比，过表达ptrpp2c -9 （PtrPP2C-9-OE）的转基因植株对渗透胁迫的敏感性增强，表现为根系伸长减少和抗逆性降低。此外，PtrPP2C-9可能通过介导以ABF3和GBF3为中心的转录调控网络影响杨树对干旱胁迫的耐受性。本研究首次对杨树A枝pp2c进行了系统的研究，确定了它们在渗透胁迫响应中的关键作用，并为提高木本植物的抗逆能力提供了潜在的分子靶点。

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引用次数: 0

OsNCED1, a chloroplast ABA biosynthase, regulates multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice 水稻叶绿体ABA生物合成酶OsNCED1调控多种非生物胁迫抗性。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112979

Zhipan Xiang , Minfeng Lu , Yuxian Yao , Mingze Zhang , Zhendong Zhang , Songmei Chen , Xishan Pan , Huizhou Fu , Lin Zhang

Abscisic acid (ABA)‌ is one of the most critical stress hormones in plants, yet the mechanisms underlying its biosynthesis pathway in regulating multiple abiotic stress tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified the function of 9-Cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase 1 ‌(OsNCED1)‌, a key ABA biosynthetic enzyme gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.), in regulating multiple abiotic stresses (cold, salt, and osmotic stress) tolerance. OsNCED1 is a chloroplast-localized ABA synthase. Its expression is significantly induced by multiple abiotic stresses. Knockout of ‌OsNCED1‌ markedly impairs the tolerance of rice seedlings to cold, salt, and osmotic stresses, whereas exogenous ABA application restores the stress hypersensitivity of ‌osnced1‌ mutants. Overexpression of ‌OsNCED1‌ significantly enhances tolerance to multiple stresses. Physiological analyses indicate that OsNCED1 mediates stress tolerance through the maintenance of ABA homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging‌. The potential molecular mechanism suggests that OsNCED1 alters the expression of ABA signaling pathway genes in mutant and overexpression plants to regulate stress tolerance. Taken together, ‌OsNCED1 is a ‌positive regulator‌ of stress tolerance and represents a promising target gene for improving multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice seedlings via molecular breeding strategies in the future.

脱落酸（ABA）是植物中最重要的胁迫激素之一，但其生物合成途径调控多种非生物胁迫耐受性的机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们确定了9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶1 (OsNCED1)，水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中一个关键的ABA生物合成酶基因，在调节多种非生物胁迫（冷、盐和渗透胁迫）耐受性中的功能。OsNCED1是叶绿体定位的ABA合成酶。它的表达受多种非生物胁迫的显著诱导。敲除OsNCED1的基因会显著削弱水稻幼苗对寒冷、盐和渗透胁迫的耐受性，而外源ABA的应用则会恢复OsNCED1突变体的胁迫敏感性。OsNCED1 -过表达可显著增强对多种胁迫的耐受性。生理分析表明，OsNCED1通过维持ABA稳态和清除活性氧（ROS）介导胁迫耐受性。潜在的分子机制提示OsNCED1通过改变ABA信号通路基因在突变体和过表达植物中的表达来调节胁迫耐受性。综上所述，OsNCED1是胁迫耐受性的一个正调节因子，是未来通过分子育种策略提高水稻幼苗多种非生物胁迫耐受性的一个有希望的靶基因。

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引用次数: 0

Brassinosteroids and TaGSK3 coordinate phosphorus uptake and low-phosphorus tolerance in wheat through overlapping and independent pathways 油菜素内酯和TaGSK3通过重叠和独立的途径协调小麦的磷吸收和低磷耐受

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112978

Pengcheng Wang , Jialiang Zhang , Chen Yang , Yaxin Niu , Junzhe Wang , Wanquan Ji , Yan Li , Xiaoming Wang , Shengbao Xu , Xue Shi

Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and stress responses, but their role in wheat's phosphate (Pi) uptake and low-phosphorus (LP) tolerance is unclear. This study reveals that BR signaling enhances Pi uptake and LP tolerance by modulating the expression of key genes involved in Pi uptake, transport and LP response. Consistently, the sextuple mutants of TaGSK3, encoding the key repressor of the BR signaling, increased Pi uptake by 16.42 %. Unexpectedly, the TaGSK3 gain-of-function mutants also exhibited a 129.90–202.30 % increase in Pi uptake, mediated by their increased kinase activity. Under LP stress, sextuple mutants of TaGSK3 exhibited enhanced tillering and root elongation, whereas TaGSK3 gain-of-function mutants increased root biomass, suggesting the functional state of TaGSK3 affects the trade-off strategies for above-ground and below-ground growth. Overall, these results uncover a complex regulatory network in which BR signaling and TaGSK3 collaboratively and independently coordinate Pi homeostasis, offering novel targets for improving phosphorus use efficiency in wheat.

油菜素内酯（BRs）调节植物生长和胁迫反应，但其在小麦磷素（Pi）吸收和低磷（LP）耐受性中的作用尚不清楚。该研究表明，BR信号通过调节参与Pi摄取、转运和LP反应的关键基因的表达来增强Pi摄取和LP耐受性。同样，编码BR信号关键抑制因子的TaGSK3的六重突变体增加了16.42%的Pi摄取。出乎意料的是，TaGSK3功能获得突变体也表现出129.90-202.30%的Pi摄取增加，这是由它们增加的激酶活性介导的。在LP胁迫下，6个突变体TaGSK3的分蘖和根伸长增强，而TaGSK3的功能获得突变体则增加了根生物量，表明TaGSK3的功能状态影响了地上和地下生长的权衡策略。总的来说，这些结果揭示了一个复杂的调控网络，其中BR信号和TaGSK3协同或独立地协调Pi稳态，为提高小麦磷利用效率提供了新的靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Stress-associated proteins (SAPs): Molecular hubs connecting plant stress, development, and metabolism 胁迫相关蛋白：连接植物胁迫、发育和代谢的分子枢纽。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112976

Yashi Wen , Qing Yang , Zhijing Yu , Jingying Liu , Bingbing Lv

Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are a versatile class of proteins extensively found in microbes, plants, and animals. They play a pivotal role in plant responses to environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and pathogen infection, thereby enhancing stress tolerance and safeguarding agricultural yields. Current research has largely focused on the stress-responsive functions of SAPs, while the connections between their diverse roles and practical applications remain less synthesized. To advance the understanding of the SAPs family and facilitate for future research into stress-tolerant crop breeding aimed at reducing yield losses, this paper comprehensively examines the classification, structural traits, molecular mechanisms, and application potential of SAPs in stress regulation.

应激相关蛋白（SAPs）是广泛存在于微生物、植物和动物中的一类多用途蛋白质。它们在植物对干旱、盐、热和病原体感染等环境挑战的响应中发挥关键作用，从而增强抗逆性，保障农业产量。目前的研究主要集中在sap的应力响应功能上，而sap的多种作用与实际应用之间的联系还不够全面。本文对SAPs家族的分类、结构特征、分子机制及其在逆境调控中的应用潜力进行了综述，为进一步深入了解SAPs家族，开展以减少作物产量损失为目标的抗逆性作物育种提供参考。

引用次数: 0

The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCP) in tomato: Identification, expression analysis, and functional characterization of SlRD19B under salt stress 盐胁迫下番茄木瓜样半胱氨酸蛋白酶SlRD19B的鉴定、表达分析及功能表征

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112974

Jiaxuan Zhu, Ruirui Yang, Yan Li, Ruili Lv, Huimin Li, Yao Yao, Yushi Luan

Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are key enzymes involved in protein hydrolysis and play critical roles in plant growth, development, and responses to stresses. Although PLCPs have been systematically identified in various plant species, their functions in tomato remain largely unexplored, particularly their roles in salt stress adaptation. In this study, we identified 32 PLCP genes in the tomato genome and classified them into nine subfamilies. We found that the promoter regions of SlPLCP genes are enriched with stress-responsive elements. Combining transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that SlRD19B was the most significantly upregulated gene under salt stress. Further functional studies demonstrated that silencing SlRD19B enhanced tomato sensitivity to salt stress, as evidenced by severe leaf wilting, increased membrane damage, reduced osmotic adjustment capacity, inhibited root growth, and an elevated Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. Additionally, SlRD19B-silenced plants exhibited excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and disrupted antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress, characterized by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities but decreased peroxidase (POD) activity. This study systematically reveals the crucial role of the SlPLCP gene family in tomato salt stress response and provides new insights into the functional mechanisms of PLCP genes in plants.

木瓜素样半胱氨酸蛋白酶（PLCPs）是参与蛋白质水解的关键酶，在植物生长发育和逆境响应中起着关键作用。虽然PLCPs已经在不同的植物物种中被系统地鉴定出来，但它们在番茄中的功能，特别是在盐胁迫适应中的作用仍未得到充分的研究。在这项研究中，我们在番茄基因组中鉴定了32个PLCP基因，并将它们分为9个亚科。我们发现SlPLCP基因的启动子区域富含应激响应元件。结合转录组数据和qRT-PCR分析发现，SlRD19B是盐胁迫下表达上调最显著的基因。进一步的功能研究表明，沉默SlRD19B增强了番茄对盐胁迫的敏感性，表现为叶片严重萎蔫、膜损伤增加、渗透调节能力降低、根生长受到抑制、Na + /K +比值升高。此外，slrd19b沉默植株在盐胁迫下活性氧（ROS）积累过多，抗氧化酶活性被破坏，表现为超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性升高，过氧化物酶（POD）活性降低。本研究系统揭示了SlPLCP基因家族在番茄盐胁迫响应中的重要作用，为PLCP基因在植物中的作用机制提供了新的认识。

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IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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