Polskie archiwum weterynaryjne最新文献

Resorting to anatomical and radiological methods we have examined the position of the heart and the projection of the heart valves. The costotopy and the ortodiagram of the heart was analyzed. Special attention was paid to the difference between the position of the heart in female and male minks. We have found that in the majority of minks the heart is enclosed between 5 and 8 rib; it is situated with is greater part on the left side of the chest, especially in females.

A radiological and anatomical analysis of the position of 120 kidneys of 60 minks of both sexes in relation to the vertebral column was carried out. It was found that they are situated at the height of Th13 to L5, the right kidney is situated more cranially than the left one and most often across the fourteenth rib (female 51.5%, male 59.3%).

We have measured the magnitude of flow in the uterine artery (ua) and in ovarian artery (oa) in the isolated reproductive organs of pig (100-130 kg/per head) perfused with their own blood or Krebs-Henseleit's solution. The pressure was kept on the constant level 100 mm Hg. Were administered intraarterially Oxytocin (O), vasopressin (W), histamine (H), serotonin (5-HT) and hypertensin (A). Their possible influence on the processes of regulation of blood flow in the porcine reproductive organs during oestrus cycle was analysed. It was stated that O produced a decrease of blood flow (bf) in the periovulatory period (1-2 and 16-18 day of cycle). On the other hand doses many times bigger did not cause significant changes in ua in the luteal phase and in oa in all phases of the cycle. Action of O is connected with its pressing action on the uterine vessels, contracted by the smooth muscular coat of this organ. Limiting bf action of W and A is mainly connected with their direct vasoconstructive effect. Our results indicated that in physiological conditions during oestrous cycle O, W and A did not evoke significant changes in the regulation of blood flow in the porcine reproductive organs. High sensitivity of the investigated vessels on 5-HT in the luteal phase and lower sensitivity in the periovulatory phase could indicate serotonin's influence on the regulating changes of blood flow during oestrous cycle. Vessels of both investigated areas were very sensitive to H. Especially high sensitivity of oa vessels on H is correlated with an increase of sensitivity of the vessels on 5-HT and catecholamines in the luteal phase. It seem that H has significant importance as a factor antagonising influence of 5-HT and catecholamines in the luteal phase of cycle in the pig. Sensitivity of oa vessels on the investigated drugs was lower in all phases of the cycle studied than sensitivity of ua vessels, the only exception was when H was used. We observed similar reaction on used drugs, both in experiments with perfusion with the blood and with the Krebs-Henseleit's solution. It may suggest that vessels reaction depends upon the functional state of the organ and it is not directly connected with the hormones present in the blood.

The investigations demonstrated that the strains under study, either virulent or in the form of inactivated vaccines, induced a delayed type allergy. The response depended upon the affiliation to a determined species and individual properties of a strain. The strain T. mentagrophytes 1 displayed the highest biological activity, since it was a good inducer of allergy and a manufacturer of active trichophytin in tests performed both in vivo and in vitro.

The studies were carried out on 48 sheep, 2-6 years old, weighing 33-67 kg. The animals were divided into two groups, 24 sheep each. From these 24, 16 sheep were tested for the plasma electrolytes contents, and 8 were tested for the acid-base balance and the oxygenation level of the arterial blood. Sheep from the first group were given xylasine in the dose of 0.1-10.3 mg/kg od body weight and etomidate (1 mg/kg of body weight). Sheep from the second group were given diazepam in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight and ketamine (20 mg/kg of body weight). In the first group the surgically effective anaesthesia lasting 15-20 minutes was obtained. During the anaesthesia a respiratory depression together with the decrease of oxygen saturation of the blood was observed. Also, a respiratory insufficiency leading to a respiratory acidosis, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypochloremia of plasma were observed. In the second group of sheep treated with ketamine and diazepam the increased pulse rate, respiratory insufficiency, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were observed. It has been said that respiratory and blood oxygenation disorders are the result of the forced long lasting position on one side. After treating with diazepam and ketamine bigger changes were observed. Usually all these changes and disorders recessed at the end of the experiment.

The activity of cobalt-activated acylase was determined in the serum of mice with transplantable leukemia (P 388, L 1210 standard, L 1210/ara-C, L 1210/CH3-G, plasmocytoma ADJPC-5, lymphoma AKSL-4 and natural leukemia in mice NZB). A statistically significant increase in enzyme activity in all leukemias except lymphatic leukemia has been demonstrated. The results suggest possibility of using the enzymatic measurement as a marker of transplantable leukemia in mice.

The aim of the conducted research was to establish postpartum oestrous cycles and approximate data for mating Polish Merino sheep. 34 sheep were examined. During sheep laparotomy observations of ovaries and uterus were made on definite days of the postpartum period (1-78). It was stated that after about one-week of postpartum inactivity, the growth and development of follicles occurred in ovaries. First ovulations were noticed from the 15th to 18th day of postpartum, while processes connected with uterus involution were not completed. From the 14th to 18th day of postpartum, casting off of pregnant tissues from caruncules' surfaces into uterus cavity occurred. In the majority of sheep, regeneration of caruncules and purification of uterus cavity were completed by the 30th day of postpartum. The observed compatibility of the phases of ovary cycle with macromorphologically determined functional state of uterus after 30 days of postpartum, in the majority of tested sheep, suggests possibility of successful mating of Polish Merino sheep.

The investigations demonstrated that the inactivated vaccine against trichophytosis, elaborated by the authors, induced immune response in calves, aged 5-8 days. The state of immunity was assessed in vitro by the leukocyte migration inhibition test, and in vivo by the allergic test and the challenge test. In all vaccinated calves (10 animals) there occurred delayed hypersensitivity and in six cases also a significant leukocyte migration inhibition. Vaccinated animals exposed to challenge were to a large extent resistant to experimental infection with the virulent strain of T. verrucosum.

The experiment has been performed on the same flock as mentioned in Part I. The extra cellular fluid amount was determined by the rhadonate method. The volume of intracellular fluid was calculated as a difference between the total water amount and the extracellular fluid volume. The absolute content of extracellular fluid in calves' constitutions between 5th and 31st day of animal lives fluctuated statistically only slightly. The observed stability of ECF volume in litres seems to be caused mainly by the changes in interstitial fluid content. The extracellular fluid volume calculated both per one kilogram of a calf body and per square metre of its body area became significantly reduced within the experimental period which fact found its statistical confirmation. The results appeared negatively and veritably correlated with animal ages. Expressed in litres as well as calculated per units of weight and body area of a calf the volume of intracellular fluid showed a statistically confirmed and significant increase for a period from calf's 5th to 31st day of life. The observed ICF volume increase appeared veritably correlated with ages, weights and body areas of the examined animals.

Experiments were performed on rams prepared surgically to make possible the control of bile flow and the maintenance of enterohepatic circulation of bile components. Carbachol and atropine were infused into the jugular vein for 2 hours in the amounts: 0.3 and 0.7 microgram/kg b.w./min. respectively. Carbachol administration did not affect significantly the bile production. Atropine led to the significant decrease in the bile flow (p less than 0.01) by diminished concentration of bile acids in the bile. On the basis of the obtained results the role of n. vagus in the regulation of biliary secretion is discussed. It is suggested, that in physiological conditions the biliary secretion is, to some extent, maintained as a result of the muscarinic receptor stimulation. This stimulation attains the maximum level and it is not possible to evoke rise in bile production after either n. vagus stimulation or administration of parasympathomimetic agents.