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Phospholipids and the levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in particular fractions of phospholipids in pig foetal liver, lung and kidney during ontogenesis, were investigated. A permanent rise in dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid content in phospholipid fractions of the above mentioned pig foetal internal organs was observed. In eicosapentaenoic acid level no changes were noted. These observations are parallel with increased prostanoid production during ontogenesis. The constant level of eicosapentaenoic acid supports the finding, that this acid does not convert to prostanoids in pig smooth muscle cells.

The biochemical hepatic profile analysis was performed in 252 neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves, aged from 1 to 10 days. The activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase as well as beta-glucuronidase were estimated in blood serum and in faeces. A significant decrease in glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase as well as gamma-glutamyltransferase was observed in the blood serum while in the faeces the peak of activity took place between 4-5 days for beta-glucuronidase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase and 7-8 days for glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. No significant relation was found between activities of the examined enzymes in blood serum and faeces. Determination of GOT and GPT, AP, GGTP in serum may be used to describe liver function in neonatal calves. No changes in total bilirubin and total protein levels in blood serum and faeces were observed during the first 10 days of calf life.

The aim of our study was to describe the effects of bile and bile acids action on the spontaneous motor activity of the rabbit small and large intestines. The following fragments of intestines were used: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon of 25 rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2-3 kg. The motor activity of the isolated fragments of the intestines was recorded by the suspension method in a 300 ml container with oxygenated Krebs' solution, temp. 37 degrees C (constant), pH 7.8. The intestine was connected with the miograph constructed according to the Gillespie method. Vesicular bile was given in the amounts 0.3-10 ml per 1 l of the Krebs' solution. Chemically pure bile acids were also given as follows: cholic acid (Light) and chenodeoxycholic acid (Light) in the amount 500-1500 mumol/l of the Krebs' solution and lithocholic acid (Serva)--300-500 mumol/l. 0.33 ml/l of the Krebs' solution of the bile caused the threshold reaction, and only in the jejunum caused distinct inhibition of the motor activity. In duodenum, ileum and colon the inhibition time was very short, intestines quickly regained initial activity, and, what is more, frequency and amplitude of spasms were even greater. Big doses of the bile usually inhibited the motor activity of the studied intestine fragments, eliminating completely--with the exception of caecum--the spasms' amplitude, without releasing any relaxation reaction. As for the bile acids, the strongest inhibiting effect had lithocholic acid but, unlike bile, it caused the relaxation reaction.

Phospholipids and the levels of linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in its particular fractions in amnion, allantois and myometrium in pigs during pregnancy were investigated. A permanent rise in linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid levels with advancement of gestation was observed. Eicosapentaenoic acid levels in such tissues, as well as the levels of above-mentioned acids in myometrium were greatly unchanged during the period thus analyzed. These results support the hypothesis that amnion and allantois are of great importance in prostaglandin biosynthesis during pregnancy in pigs.

Phospholipids and fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol fractions of pulmonary surfactant isolated from pig amniotic fluid from the last trimester of pregnancy were investigated. The permanent rise in phosphatidylcholine and temporary increase in phosphatidylinositol contents in the two last weeks of pregnancy were observed. Phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio was increasing beginning from the 85th day of pregnancy. A rise in palmitic acid level in phosphatidylcholine fraction of surfactant was observed in the last two weeks of intrauterine life. It is suggested that these parameters may be useful in prenatal diagnosis of foetal lung maturity in pig.

Studies were carried out on 7 sheep aged 2-4 years about 40 kg in body weight successively in summer and autumn. The animals were fed in 6 feeding groups. The samples of arterial and venous blood and control air also were taken 4 hrs after morning feeding. During feeding sheep were given in a short intraruminal 1-hr infusions unsaturated fatty acids: linoleic and cis-oleic. The methane levels in arterial and venous blood were both higher in summer than in autumn. The contents of CH4 in each of the diets were higher in venous blood than in arterial blood. The highest inhibition of methane production was observed in blood of experimental sheep which were fed on a bulky feed.

Cows of the white-black breed from the Sudeten piedmont were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Both groups were fed the same basic fodder, e.g. pasture, green forage of clover and maize, and hay; afterwards they were fed grass silage, hay and beets. Maize forage, containing little fibrin, lot of starch and soluble carbohydrates, was substituted by grass silage with little starch and soluble carbohydrates, but rich in cellulose and hemicelluloses. So, energetic value of the food was different. The chosen chemical indices were estimated during the change of fodder from pasture to winter silage and hay. Cows from the control group were fed additionally, one month before calving, 1 kg of the protein food (bruised barley) without urea, whereas cows from the experimental group were fed additionally with bruised barley, in the amount of 1.5-3 kg, when giving less than 4000 l of milk, and 2.5-4 kg, when giving over 4000 l of milk. The amount of food increased by 0.5 kg every week beginning with smallest dose. This additional feeding had positive influence on the milk production, especially in the 2nd and 3rd month after calving (2.3 kg during 4 months after calving), and improved the effectivity of fertilization after the first insemination. The chemical composition of the milk has not been changed significantly; the total protein and its fraction, levels of urea, Ca, Fe and Mg in the blood plasma have not been changed. Only the level of ketones in blood decreased a little. During the transition period, green forage feeding caused the increase of the glucose level in blood to 60 mg% (50 mg% in winter). Additional energetic feeding of cows before calving improved productivity indices and did not change the internal body balance (homeostasis).

In the studies it was revealed that the content of the medium determines growth and appearance of T. equinum colony. On solid Sabouraud media two types of colonies were observed, however, colonies with characteristic radial folds and grooves in the paracentral zone and umbilical elevation in the centre dominated. As typical features of T. equinum one can accept dark red pigmentation of the reverse side of colony in the culture on solid Sabouraud medium with glucose and yellow and orange pigmentation on the same medium with no glucose. T. equinum strains which have lost the ability of creating characteristic dark red pigment regain that ability after a few passages on media with soil or after just one passage on laboratory animals. None of the studied T. equinum strains grew on medium with casamino acids free of vitamins, while they revealed rapid growth on the same medium with nicotinic acid. T. equinum strains which were used for the studies rapidly adopted to liquid Sabouraud medium and this made it possible to obtain sufficient quantity of mycelium for studies on ++pathogenicity and antigenic structure. On the basis of observations of growth on solid media and mass of mycelium gained on liquid media it was decided that the optimal temperature of incubation of T. equinum is 26-28 degrees C.

The capability of the kidneys of 12 bull-calves at the age of 7-35 days of life to save electrolytes Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, Pn were examined. The examinations were made with the clearance methods using inulin as the indicator of the glomerular filtration of plasma. It was proved, that as the calves grow and develop, there arise changes in the glomerular filtration, tubular resorption and in the excretion of the examined minerals in urine. There was observed, at the same time, the relatively stabile level of these electrolytes in blood. It shows the functional development of the calves kidneys and the fact, that in the proper environmental conditions and particularly at the proper feeding, the kidneys are able to maintain the favorable, from the point of view of the internal balance and the needs of the developing organism, level of the electrolytes.

Cysteinyl leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 elicited concentration-dependent contractile response of pregnant and non-pregnant pig uterine strips during incubation in De Jalon solution in concentrations between 1 x 10(-9)M and 1 x 10(-5)M for LTC4 and LTD4, and between 1 x 10(-8)M and 1 x 10(-5)M for LTE4. The maximum contractions elicited by leukotrienes were 77.5 +/- 3.0%, 86.0 +/- 2.6% and 37.5 +/- 2.5% of these elicited by histamine 1 x 10(-5)M for LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, respectively. FPL 55712, leukotriene end-organ antagonist, antagonized the uterine contractile response to cysteinyl leukotrienes in dose-dependent manner. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism also antagonized leukotriene-induced contractions of pig uterus. Pregnant uteri were more susceptible to leukotriene action than non-pregnant uteri, and response increased parallelly with advancement of pregnancy. These results demonstrate that LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 possess significant uterine contractile activity in domestic pig, which may partially be mediated indirectly via cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism.