John Praveen Kumar John Kennedy, Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam, Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian, Muthumari Balakrishnan, Kavitha Murugan, Kumar Ponnuchamy
The current study aims to synthesize cross‐linked alginate–gum arabic, a polysaccharide biopolymer composite, to evaluate its efficacy for the controlled release of urea. The alginate–gum arabic solution was prepared in a 2:1 ratio, and urea was entrapped in three different amounts: 50 mg for SG1, 100 mg for SG2, and 150 mg for SG3. CaCl2 used as the crosslinker, and the urea‐entrapped alginate–gum arabic hydrogel beads were produced using ionotropic gelation method. Produced beads were underwent physical evaluation to analyze their size, porosity, and swelling behavior. The highest diameter was exhibited in SG3 at 3.60 ± 0.01 mm. Additionally, the highest porosity was observed in SG3 beads, measuring 63.6% ± 0.33%. The release of urea was quantified using the DiacetylMonoxim (DAM)–UV visible spectroscopy method. Further, the characterization of the produced hydrogel beads was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). FTIR revealed the characteristic band at 3770 and 2355 cm−1, indicating the presence of urea entrapped in alginate—gum arabic beads. TGA analyses indicates that the good thermal stability of the produced beads.
{"title":"Controlled release of urea using negatively charged polysaccharides","authors":"John Praveen Kumar John Kennedy, Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam, Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian, Muthumari Balakrishnan, Kavitha Murugan, Kumar Ponnuchamy","doi":"10.1002/pat.6508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6508","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to synthesize cross‐linked alginate–gum arabic, a polysaccharide biopolymer composite, to evaluate its efficacy for the controlled release of urea. The alginate–gum arabic solution was prepared in a 2:1 ratio, and urea was entrapped in three different amounts: 50 mg for SG1, 100 mg for SG2, and 150 mg for SG3. CaCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> used as the crosslinker, and the urea‐entrapped alginate–gum arabic hydrogel beads were produced using ionotropic gelation method. Produced beads were underwent physical evaluation to analyze their size, porosity, and swelling behavior. The highest diameter was exhibited in SG3 at 3.60 ± 0.01 mm. Additionally, the highest porosity was observed in SG3 beads, measuring 63.6% ± 0.33%. The release of urea was quantified using the DiacetylMonoxim (DAM)–UV visible spectroscopy method. Further, the characterization of the produced hydrogel beads was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). FTIR revealed the characteristic band at 3770 and 2355 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, indicating the presence of urea entrapped in alginate—gum arabic beads. TGA analyses indicates that the good thermal stability of the produced beads.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadiisah Nurul Inayah, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Rini Murtafi'atin
Nanofiber is a material used as a drug carrier matrix in drug release materials. Its morphology has high porosity and good flexibility, making it suitable for this purpose. The use of nanofiber as a carrier matrix in slow‐release fertilizer (SRF) material is expected to provide a solution for releasing fertilizer into the soil more measurably and efficiently In this study, PVA/Urea/TiO2 nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning method. PVA/Urea/TiO2 SRFs were prepared using varying urea mass percentages (10%, 15%, and 20% of PVA mass) and the concentration of titanium dioxide suspension solution (0, 0.2, and 0.4 mL). Every sample was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and tested using contact angle and slow‐release tests. From SEM characterizations, all samples showed the ability to form nanofiber. It was found that the membrane diameter sizes for each sample A, B, C, D, E, and F were 341 ± 5, 309 ± 12, 109 ± 3, 313 ± 10, 109 ± 3, and 158 ± 6 nm, respectively. The FTIR characterizations showed that all the matrix samples successfully contained the nitrogen group, which was found at wave number 1605 cm−1 (NH deformation), 1574 cm−1 (CN stretching), and 3430 cm−1 (NH stretching). The SEM mapping images confirmed the presence of titanium dioxide (green dots). The contact angle test showed that all samples had hydrophilic properties (the contact angle value lower than 90°), and the greatest value of contact angle measurement was 31.08° for sample C/E (sample with the most presence of TiO2 suspension solution 0.4 mL). The sample with the greatest TiO2 suspension concentration (0.4 mL) had the longest urea release time, lasting 8 days. This result indicates the addition of TiO2, can potentially suppress the hydrophilic properties of the PVA membrane. It is found that the addition of TiO2 influenced the membrane's hydrophilicity, consequently increasing the release rate. This study used the Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical kinetic model to show that diffusion and swelling are release mechanisms for SRF membranes.
{"title":"Slow‐release fertilizer behavior of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/urea/TiO2 nanofiber membrane","authors":"Nadiisah Nurul Inayah, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Rini Murtafi'atin","doi":"10.1002/pat.6472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6472","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofiber is a material used as a drug carrier matrix in drug release materials. Its morphology has high porosity and good flexibility, making it suitable for this purpose. The use of nanofiber as a carrier matrix in slow‐release fertilizer (SRF) material is expected to provide a solution for releasing fertilizer into the soil more measurably and efficiently In this study, PVA/Urea/TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning method. PVA/Urea/TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> SRFs were prepared using varying urea mass percentages (10%, 15%, and 20% of PVA mass) and the concentration of titanium dioxide suspension solution (0, 0.2, and 0.4 mL). Every sample was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and tested using contact angle and slow‐release tests. From SEM characterizations, all samples showed the ability to form nanofiber. It was found that the membrane diameter sizes for each sample A, B, C, D, E, and F were 341 ± 5, 309 ± 12, 109 ± 3, 313 ± 10, 109 ± 3, and 158 ± 6 nm, respectively. The FTIR characterizations showed that all the matrix samples successfully contained the nitrogen group, which was found at wave number 1605 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (NH deformation), 1574 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (CN stretching), and 3430 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (NH stretching). The SEM mapping images confirmed the presence of titanium dioxide (green dots). The contact angle test showed that all samples had hydrophilic properties (the contact angle value lower than 90°), and the greatest value of contact angle measurement was 31.08° for sample C/E (sample with the most presence of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> suspension solution 0.4 mL). The sample with the greatest TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> suspension concentration (0.4 mL) had the longest urea release time, lasting 8 days. This result indicates the addition of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, can potentially suppress the hydrophilic properties of the PVA membrane. It is found that the addition of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> influenced the membrane's hydrophilicity, consequently increasing the release rate. This study used the Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical kinetic model to show that diffusion and swelling are release mechanisms for SRF membranes.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The life journey of Professor S. Penczek through the realm of polymer science","authors":"K. Matyjaszewski, S. Slomkowski","doi":"10.1002/pat.6493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunusov Khaydar Ergashovich, Atakhanov Abdumutolib Abdupatto O'g'li, Ashurov Nurbek Shodievich, Mirkholisov Mirafzal Muzaffar Ugli, Rashidova Sayyora Sharafovna, Guohua Jiang, Yi Wan, Miao Yu
Stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized in solutions containing sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and their structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties were studied. The morphology and diameter sizes of the nanofibers of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol containing silver nanoparticles were investigated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations showed that nanofibers with diameter sizes ranging from 50 to 130 nm were obtained from the carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanoparticles solution. The size and form of silver nanoparticles formed within the solution of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol based on nanofiber were determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations, revealing nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 to 26 nm. The nanofiber mat containing silver nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. The nanofiber mat containing stable silver nanoparticles could be utilized as an antimicrobial facemask for air filtration and for the treatment of burn wounds.
{"title":"Formation, structure, and morphology of nanofiber mat on the base sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl‐alcohol/silver nanoparticles composite","authors":"Yunusov Khaydar Ergashovich, Atakhanov Abdumutolib Abdupatto O'g'li, Ashurov Nurbek Shodievich, Mirkholisov Mirafzal Muzaffar Ugli, Rashidova Sayyora Sharafovna, Guohua Jiang, Yi Wan, Miao Yu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6496","url":null,"abstract":"Stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized in solutions containing sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and their structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties were studied. The morphology and diameter sizes of the nanofibers of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol containing silver nanoparticles were investigated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations showed that nanofibers with diameter sizes ranging from 50 to 130 nm were obtained from the carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanoparticles solution. The size and form of silver nanoparticles formed within the solution of carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol based on nanofiber were determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations, revealing nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 to 26 nm. The nanofiber mat containing silver nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida albicans</jats:italic>. The nanofiber mat containing stable silver nanoparticles could be utilized as an antimicrobial facemask for air filtration and for the treatment of burn wounds.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elia Marin, Daniel Muhammad Bin Idrus, Francesco Boschetto, Taigi Honma, Tetsuya Adachi, Alex Lanzutti, Alfredo Rondinella, Wenliang Zhu, Tatsuro Morita, Narisato Kanamura, Toshiro Yamamoto, Giuseppe Pezzotti
By making use of the outstanding osteoinductive effects of β‐carotene, in this innovative research, we investigate the potential for application of β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA resins. Different amounts of β‐carotene, from 0% to 5%, have been mixed with standard bone cements and characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques before testing with KUSA‐A1 murine mesenchymal cells. In vitro results showed that not only the amount of bone produced by the cells on the composite is comparable if not superior to modern bioglasses but also both adhesion and cellular proliferation are strongly promoted by the presence of β‐carotene. The increased biological properties came at the price of a small loss in elastic modulus, but it was observed that the presence of β‐carotene leads to an increase of ultimate strength, reaching an increase of about 30% at a concentration of about 2.5%. The enhanced bioactivity and mechanical strength make β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA a promising, innovative material for biomedical applications.
{"title":"β‐Carotene‐reinforced Poly(methyl methacrylate): A step forward in bioactive bone cements","authors":"Elia Marin, Daniel Muhammad Bin Idrus, Francesco Boschetto, Taigi Honma, Tetsuya Adachi, Alex Lanzutti, Alfredo Rondinella, Wenliang Zhu, Tatsuro Morita, Narisato Kanamura, Toshiro Yamamoto, Giuseppe Pezzotti","doi":"10.1002/pat.6500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6500","url":null,"abstract":"By making use of the outstanding osteoinductive effects of β‐carotene, in this innovative research, we investigate the potential for application of β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA resins. Different amounts of β‐carotene, from 0% to 5%, have been mixed with standard bone cements and characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques before testing with KUSA‐A1 murine mesenchymal cells. In vitro results showed that not only the amount of bone produced by the cells on the composite is comparable if not superior to modern bioglasses but also both adhesion and cellular proliferation are strongly promoted by the presence of β‐carotene. The increased biological properties came at the price of a small loss in elastic modulus, but it was observed that the presence of β‐carotene leads to an increase of ultimate strength, reaching an increase of about 30% at a concentration of about 2.5%. The enhanced bioactivity and mechanical strength make β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA a promising, innovative material for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng Zhao, Haiming Chen, Lin Zhang, Juyuan Dong, Linfeng Han, Haitong Wang, Weimin Yang, Guangyi Lin
CF‐PDA‐M hybrid fillers are prepared by three metal cations (M) assisting polydopamine (PDA) through Fe3+, Ni2+, and Al3+. The metal cations promote the polymerization of PDA on the fiber surface, shorten the modification time of the fibers, and ensure that the short‐cut carbon fibers (CF) do not agglomerate during water bath stirring while keeping the structure of the CF undamaged, which is a green and efficient method. After PDA modification, the roughness and surface activity of the fiber surface increase. Finally, CF‐PDA‐M is used as a filler and added to neoprene latex and natural latex, which are prepared into composites by wet blending, and the CF are characterized by different techniques. The results show that the hydroxyl and amino groups on the surface of CF‐PDA‐M increase the cross‐linking density of the composites, establish a good stress cross‐linking network, shorten the vulcanization time, effectively prevent the agglomeration phenomenon of the CF in the rubber, and improve the dispersion of the CF in the composite. After modification, the tensile strength and 300% constant tensile strength of CF‐PDA‐M increase by more than 10% and 30%, respectively, over CF composites, and the rolling resistance is reduced. This study provides a new and effective strategy for CF surface functionalization, which improves the processing efficiency and mechanical properties of rubber products and has a broad application prospect in the rubber industry.
{"title":"Improving interface performance between the fibers and rubber using metal cations synergistic polydopamine to modify carbon fibers","authors":"Meng Zhao, Haiming Chen, Lin Zhang, Juyuan Dong, Linfeng Han, Haitong Wang, Weimin Yang, Guangyi Lin","doi":"10.1002/pat.6503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6503","url":null,"abstract":"CF‐PDA‐M hybrid fillers are prepared by three metal cations (M) assisting polydopamine (PDA) through Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>, Ni<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>, and Al<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>. The metal cations promote the polymerization of PDA on the fiber surface, shorten the modification time of the fibers, and ensure that the short‐cut carbon fibers (CF) do not agglomerate during water bath stirring while keeping the structure of the CF undamaged, which is a green and efficient method. After PDA modification, the roughness and surface activity of the fiber surface increase. Finally, CF‐PDA‐M is used as a filler and added to neoprene latex and natural latex, which are prepared into composites by wet blending, and the CF are characterized by different techniques. The results show that the hydroxyl and amino groups on the surface of CF‐PDA‐M increase the cross‐linking density of the composites, establish a good stress cross‐linking network, shorten the vulcanization time, effectively prevent the agglomeration phenomenon of the CF in the rubber, and improve the dispersion of the CF in the composite. After modification, the tensile strength and 300% constant tensile strength of CF‐PDA‐M increase by more than 10% and 30%, respectively, over CF composites, and the rolling resistance is reduced. This study provides a new and effective strategy for CF surface functionalization, which improves the processing efficiency and mechanical properties of rubber products and has a broad application prospect in the rubber industry.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suman Kumar Ghosh, Sangit Paul, Trisita Ghosh, Narayan Ch. Das
In this work, electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomeric blend composite films based on polystyrene (PS)/ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate (EMA) filled with functionalized graphene were developed via the solution mixing technique. Morphological analysis revealed that selective localization of amine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (G‐ODA) sheets in the EMA phase of co‐continuous binary blend formed a well‐connected dense conductive pathway by graphene sheets ultimately facilitating the double percolation phenomenon. The electrical percolation threshold was achieved at ~2 wt% of G‐ODA loading which was much lower than that for both single polymer composites. An electrical conductivity of 0.9 S/cm was obtained for blend composite film with 10 wt% of graphene concentration whereas for the same filler loading, PS and EMA composites exhibited electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10−1 and 2.3 × 10−1 S/cm, respectively. The obtained thermal conductivity of the blend composite with 10 wt% of G‐ODA loading was 0.95 W/m K with 400% enhancement compared to the neat blend system. The same composite exhibited increased real and imaginary permittivity of 92 and 83, respectively. The electrical percolation threshold is well‐correlated with the percolation concentration found from storage modulus and thermal conductivity data. The fabricated PS/EMA blend composite film exhibited absorption‐dominant electromagnetic interference SE of −25 and − 35 dB in X‐band frequency (8.2–12.4 GHz) for 10 wt% of graphene loading with a sample thickness of 0.5 and 1 mm, respectively.
本研究采用溶液混合技术，在聚苯乙烯（PS）/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物（EMA）的基础上开发了填充功能化石墨烯的导电热塑性弹性体共混复合膜。形态学分析表明，在共连续二元共混物的 EMA 相中，胺功能化还原氧化石墨烯（G-ODA）片的选择性定位形成了石墨烯片连接良好的致密导电通路，最终促进了双渗流现象。在 G-ODA 含量约为 2 wt% 时就达到了电渗阈值，这比两种单一聚合物复合材料的电渗阈值都要低得多。石墨烯浓度为 10 wt% 的共混复合薄膜的电导率为 0.9 S/cm，而在相同的填料添加量下，PS 和 EMA 复合材料的电导率分别为 1.9 × 10-1 和 2.3 × 10-1 S/cm。添加 10 wt% G-ODA 的混合复合材料的热导率为 0.95 W/m K，与纯混合体系相比提高了 400%。同一种复合材料的实透射率和虚透射率分别提高了 92% 和 83%。电渗流阈值与从储能模量和热导率数据中发现的渗流浓度密切相关。在石墨烯含量为 10 wt%、样品厚度为 0.5 mm 和 1 mm 的 X 波段频率（8.2-12.4 GHz）下，制备的 PS/EMA 混合物复合膜表现出吸收主导型电磁干扰 SE，分别为 -25 dB 和 -35 dB。
{"title":"Design of interconnected graphene loaded thermoplastic elastomeric blend composite films for minimizing electromagnetic radiation and efficient heat management","authors":"Suman Kumar Ghosh, Sangit Paul, Trisita Ghosh, Narayan Ch. Das","doi":"10.1002/pat.6510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6510","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomeric blend composite films based on polystyrene (PS)/ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate (EMA) filled with functionalized graphene were developed via the solution mixing technique. Morphological analysis revealed that selective localization of amine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (G‐ODA) sheets in the EMA phase of co‐continuous binary blend formed a well‐connected dense conductive pathway by graphene sheets ultimately facilitating the double percolation phenomenon. The electrical percolation threshold was achieved at ~2 wt% of G‐ODA loading which was much lower than that for both single polymer composites. An electrical conductivity of 0.9 S/cm was obtained for blend composite film with 10 wt% of graphene concentration whereas for the same filler loading, PS and EMA composites exhibited electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 2.3 × 10<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> S/cm, respectively. The obtained thermal conductivity of the blend composite with 10 wt% of G‐ODA loading was 0.95 W/m K with 400% enhancement compared to the neat blend system. The same composite exhibited increased real and imaginary permittivity of 92 and 83, respectively. The electrical percolation threshold is well‐correlated with the percolation concentration found from storage modulus and thermal conductivity data. The fabricated PS/EMA blend composite film exhibited absorption‐dominant electromagnetic interference SE of −25 and − 35 dB in X‐band frequency (8.2–12.4 GHz) for 10 wt% of graphene loading with a sample thickness of 0.5 and 1 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liwen Xiao, Kan Cheng, Tao Liu, Yumin Xia, Xueli Wang, Yong He
Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) have received extensive attention due to their unique chemical structure and excellent properties. In this paper, a novel PEA (P6T6T) was prepared through melt polycondensation of terephthalic acid (PTA) and 6T6‐diamide‐diol (6T6), which was from the amidation of 6‐amino‐1‐hexanol and PTA. The structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared, and wide‐angle X‐Ray diffraction, and the thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis for P6T6T. It was found that the melting point of P6T6T was 217°C, which was about 37°C lower than that of PET (254°C), while the initial decomposition temperature was maintained at about 381°C. P6T6T had a fast crystallization rate (the half time of crystallization (t1/2) range from 35 to 60 s) and great crystallization properties. The saturated water absorption of the P6T6T was measured to be 2.53 wt%, which was three times that of PET (0.83 wt%). Furthermore, the water contact angle of P6T6T was determined to be 57.3°C, much lower than that of PET (94.7°C). All these results suggest that the incorporation of amide was an efficient method to improve the water absorption of polyester fibers.
{"title":"Poly(ester amide) from 6‐amino‐1‐hexanol and terephthalic acid: preparation and properties","authors":"Liwen Xiao, Kan Cheng, Tao Liu, Yumin Xia, Xueli Wang, Yong He","doi":"10.1002/pat.6495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6495","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) have received extensive attention due to their unique chemical structure and excellent properties. In this paper, a novel PEA (P6T6T) was prepared through melt polycondensation of terephthalic acid (PTA) and 6T6‐diamide‐diol (6T6), which was from the amidation of 6‐amino‐1‐hexanol and PTA. The structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared, and wide‐angle X‐Ray diffraction, and the thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis for P6T6T. It was found that the melting point of P6T6T was 217°C, which was about 37°C lower than that of PET (254°C), while the initial decomposition temperature was maintained at about 381°C. P6T6T had a fast crystallization rate (the half time of crystallization (<jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>) range from 35 to 60 s) and great crystallization properties. The saturated water absorption of the P6T6T was measured to be 2.53 wt%, which was three times that of PET (0.83 wt%). Furthermore, the water contact angle of P6T6T was determined to be 57.3°C, much lower than that of PET (94.7°C). All these results suggest that the incorporation of amide was an efficient method to improve the water absorption of polyester fibers.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Elsayed Mohamed Monir Elashker, Mahmoud Yosry Zorainy, Basem Zaghloul, Ahmed Mahmoud Eldakhakhny, Mohamed Mokhtar Kotb
The thermal protection system (TPS) plays a major role in shielding solid rocket motors (SRMs) against structural failure from excessive heating. This study was directed at the recent innovation in flame‐retardant materials used for thermal insulation, with a particular focus on integrating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to bolster thermal stability. Three targeted transition metal‐BDC MOFs (MIL‐88(Fe), MOF‐71(Co), and MOF‐5(Zn)) were hydrothermally synthesized and the effect of incorporating these MOFs into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites was tracked. In general, the addition of the MOFs improved the interfacial compatibility and the processing of the composites. Additionally, experimental investigations have shown that all MOFs improved the mechanical properties of the NBR composite materials. Specifically, the addition of MOF‐5 has been found to increase the maximum tensile strength to 13 MPa, while MIL‐88 increased the elongation at break to 67.1%. In order to evaluate the thermal stability and ablative resistance of the prepared composites, the oxy‐acetylene flame test was utilized. Results showed that the efficiency of the composite as thermal insulation is highly dependent on the MOF type and the metal included. The impact of MOF‐71(Co) on thermal insulation displayed the least linear and mass ablation rates (0.0168 mm/s and 0.057 g/s, respectively) along with the lowest recorded back‐face temperatures, owing to the formation of a thick and compact char layer upon exposure to flames.
{"title":"Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber‐based heat shielding materials for solid rocket motors: Impact of metal–organic frameworks on thermal and mechanical properties","authors":"Ahmed Elsayed Mohamed Monir Elashker, Mahmoud Yosry Zorainy, Basem Zaghloul, Ahmed Mahmoud Eldakhakhny, Mohamed Mokhtar Kotb","doi":"10.1002/pat.6491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6491","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal protection system (TPS) plays a major role in shielding solid rocket motors (SRMs) against structural failure from excessive heating. This study was directed at the recent innovation in flame‐retardant materials used for thermal insulation, with a particular focus on integrating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to bolster thermal stability. Three targeted transition metal‐BDC MOFs (MIL‐88(Fe), MOF‐71(Co), and MOF‐5(Zn)) were hydrothermally synthesized and the effect of incorporating these MOFs into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites was tracked. In general, the addition of the MOFs improved the interfacial compatibility and the processing of the composites. Additionally, experimental investigations have shown that all MOFs improved the mechanical properties of the NBR composite materials. Specifically, the addition of MOF‐5 has been found to increase the maximum tensile strength to 13 MPa, while MIL‐88 increased the elongation at break to 67.1%. In order to evaluate the thermal stability and ablative resistance of the prepared composites, the oxy‐acetylene flame test was utilized. Results showed that the efficiency of the composite as thermal insulation is highly dependent on the MOF type and the metal included. The impact of MOF‐71(Co) on thermal insulation displayed the least linear and mass ablation rates (0.0168 mm/s and 0.057 g/s, respectively) along with the lowest recorded back‐face temperatures, owing to the formation of a thick and compact char layer upon exposure to flames.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rotational molded foam is known as one of the most popular types of polymeric foams due to its unique properties. Hence, the production of rotational molded foam samples has been well‐addressed in the foam literature, and several researchers have tried to produce these samples using different approaches. However, there is no comprehensive research that investigates the structural properties of nanocomposite foam samples produced by a two‐step process of rotational molding and batch foaming. Therefore, the effect of nanoclay and foam processing parameters on the structural properties of the samples produced by this method was investigated in this study. For this purpose, the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used. The results revealed that the foaming temperature was the most effective parameter on cell density and expansion ratio. Also, the foaming time was reported as the most effective parameter on the cell size. Then, the response variables were subjected to single‐ and multi‐objective optimizations. Finally, the addition of 1.2 wt% of nanoclay, the foaming temperature of 141°C, and the foaming time of 85 s were introduced as the most optimal conditions to simultaneously achieve maximum cell density and expansion ratio and minimum cell size in the rotational molded nanocomposite foam samples.
{"title":"Foaming‐structural relationship of rotational molded nanocomposite foams: Box–Behnken response surface methodology implementation","authors":"Mahsa Daryadel, Taher Azdast","doi":"10.1002/pat.6489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6489","url":null,"abstract":"Rotational molded foam is known as one of the most popular types of polymeric foams due to its unique properties. Hence, the production of rotational molded foam samples has been well‐addressed in the foam literature, and several researchers have tried to produce these samples using different approaches. However, there is no comprehensive research that investigates the structural properties of nanocomposite foam samples produced by a two‐step process of rotational molding and batch foaming. Therefore, the effect of nanoclay and foam processing parameters on the structural properties of the samples produced by this method was investigated in this study. For this purpose, the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used. The results revealed that the foaming temperature was the most effective parameter on cell density and expansion ratio. Also, the foaming time was reported as the most effective parameter on the cell size. Then, the response variables were subjected to single‐ and multi‐objective optimizations. Finally, the addition of 1.2 wt% of nanoclay, the foaming temperature of 141°C, and the foaming time of 85 s were introduced as the most optimal conditions to simultaneously achieve maximum cell density and expansion ratio and minimum cell size in the rotational molded nanocomposite foam samples.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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