Powder Metallurgy最新文献

英文中文

Effect of Ti and B additions on the microstructure and properties of FeCoCrNi high entropy alloys prepared by hot pressing Ti和B对热压制备的FeCoCrNi高熵合金组织和性能的影响

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-29 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2029302

Yicheng Zhang, Yanru Yang, Jifeng Zhang, Jiawen Li, He-guo Zhu, Zonghan Xie

ABSTRACT (FeCoCrNi)100-3xTixB2x (x = 0, 1, 2 and 6 at.-%) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were fabricated by hot pressing. The effects of Ti and B content on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray electron diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy form single FCC phase. With the increase of Ti and B content, dual FCC phases appeared in the alloys. Additionally, the per cent elongation of alloys first increased and then declined, while the ultimate tensile strength kept moving up. The (FeCoCrNi)97TiB2 alloy has the highest per cent elongation of 13.1%, which is more than three times that of the FeCoCrNi. the (FeCoCrNi)82Ti6B12 alloy shows the highest ultimate tensile strength, which is 646.5 ± 0.1 MPa. The enhanced strength is attributed to solid solution effect and Orowan process.

采用热压法制备(feccrni)100-3xTixB2x (x = 0,1,2和6at .-%)高熵合金(HEAs)。采用x射线电子衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)研究了Ti和B含量对合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:feccrni高熵合金形成单一FCC相;随着Ti和B含量的增加，合金中出现了双FCC相。合金的延伸率呈先上升后下降的趋势，而极限抗拉强度呈上升趋势。(feccrni)97TiB2合金的延伸率最高，达到13.1%，是feccrni的3倍以上。(feccrni)82Ti6B12合金的抗拉强度最高，为646.5±0.1 MPa。强度的增强主要是固溶效应和Orowan过程的作用。

引用次数: 2

Additive manufacturing of WMoTaTi refractory high-entropy alloy by employing fluidised powders 流化粉末增材制造WMoTaTi耐火高熵合金

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2031718

Chang Liu, Keya Zhu, Wangwang Ding, Yu Liu, Gang Chen, X. Qu

ABSTRACT In this study, WMoTaTi refractory high-entropy alloy was successfully fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) using pre-alloyed powders by mechanical milling combined with gas–solid fluidisation. Fluidisation effectively improves the particle sphericity and thus its spreading performance suitable for SLM. Processing parameters were investigated in terms of laser power, hatching space and scanning rate. The relative density of WMoTaTi made by SLM (SLMed) reaches 95.8 ± 1.4%, and it consisted of dominant BCC phase and minor HCP phase. The slight precipitation of HCP Ti was driven due to the non-equilibrium solidification during ultra-rapid cooling by SLM. The microhardness of WMoTaTi via SLM is 617.2 ± 4.1 HV, preferable to those fabricated by traditional manufacturing processes. The sound microhardness is resulted from the fine grain size and nano-sized HCP precipitates, which favour dislocation pinning and promote strength. This work demonstrates that SLMed WMoTaTi has sound mechanical properties while using the cost-affordable pre-alloyed powders by fluidisation.

在本研究中，以预合金粉末为原料，通过机械铣磨结合气固流化，成功制备了WMoTaTi难熔高熵合金。流态化有效地提高了颗粒的球形度，使其扩散性能更适合于SLM。从激光功率、孵化空间、扫描速率等方面对加工参数进行了研究。SLM (SLMed)制备的WMoTaTi的相对密度为95.8±1.4%，以BCC相为主，HCP相较少。超快冷却过程中凝固不平衡导致HCP Ti的少量析出。SLM法制备的WMoTaTi显微硬度为617.2±4.1 HV，优于传统工艺制备的WMoTaTi显微硬度。细小的晶粒尺寸和纳米级的HCP析出有利于位错钉住，提高了强度，形成了良好的显微硬度。这项工作表明，在使用成本合理的流化预合金粉末时，SLMed WMoTaTi具有良好的机械性能。

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引用次数: 13

Effect of Nb Content and water quenching on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering Nb含量和水淬对放电等离子烧结Ti-Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2029303

Nattawood Suesawadwanid, A. Khantachawana, Kasama Srirussamee, K. Kondoh

ABSTRACT Titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys have been extensively studied for medical implants due to their advantageous mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the stress shielding effect remains a challenge. This research investigated the effects of Nb content and enhancement of α′′ formation on the mechanical properties of Ti-xNb alloys (x = 0, 5, 15 and 25%) fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Water quenching from the β phase induced α′′ phase formation in Ti-5Nb and Ti-15Nb samples, thereby reducing their Young’s modulus values but was not observed in commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-25Nb. Results showed that heat treatment with water quenching induced α′′ phase formation and can be used to tailor the properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by SPS. This technique can also be used to enhance material ductility at high β-stabilizer content, as observed in Ti-25Nb samples.

摘要钛铌（Ti-Nb）合金由于其优越的力学性能和生物相容性，已被广泛研究用于医疗植入物。然而，应力屏蔽效应仍然是一个挑战。研究了Nb含量和α′′形成的增强对Ti-xNb合金（x = 0、5、15和25%）。β相的水淬灭在Ti-5Nb和Ti-15Nb样品中诱导了α′′相的形成，从而降低了它们的杨氏模量值，但在商业纯钛（CP-Ti）和Ti-25Nb中没有观察到。结果表明，水淬热处理诱导了α′′相的形成，可用于调整SPS制备的Ti-Nb合金的性能。该技术也可用于在高β-稳定剂含量下提高材料延展性，如在Ti-25Nb样品中观察到的。

引用次数: 4

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon M2 powder metallurgy high-speed steel prepared by the carbide addition 添加碳化物制备高碳M2粉末冶金高速钢的组织与力学性能

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2027593

Jun-de Yang, Ru-tie Liu, X. Xiong, Huaizhuang Luan, Yan-Zhao Hao, Baozhen Yang, Jie Chen

ABSTRACT This paper used carbonyl iron powder and carbide powder as raw materials to prepare high carbon M2 powder metallurgy high-speed steel through the cold compaction-sintering method. The evolution of microstructure and properties of the material at different sintering temperatures were emphatically studied. The results show that: The microstructure of the samples is that different types of carbides are uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Since the dissolution of the original carbides is a continuous process, the precipitated carbides are constantly changing with the increase of sintering temperature. Moreover, M2 steel achieves sintering densification near the solidus temperature, the sintering window is expanded to 10–15°C. In the sintering temperature range, the carbides in the samples are fine and uniformly dispersed. The material sintered at 1225°C has the best mechanical properties, with a bending strength of 2754 MPa, and a hardness of 51 HRC. In addition, mechanical properties are greatly improved by heat treatment.

本文以羰基铁粉和碳化物粉为原料，采用冷压烧结法制备高碳M2粉末冶金高速钢。重点研究了材料在不同烧结温度下的组织和性能演变。结果表明:试样的显微组织是不同类型的碳化物均匀分布在基体中;由于原始碳化物的溶解是一个连续的过程，随着烧结温度的升高，析出的碳化物也在不断变化。M2钢在固相温度附近实现烧结致密化，烧结窗口扩大到10 ~ 15℃。在烧结温度范围内，样品中的碳化物颗粒细小，分布均匀。经1225℃烧结后的材料力学性能最佳，抗弯强度为2754 MPa，硬度为51 HRC。此外，通过热处理，机械性能得到了很大的改善。

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引用次数: 0

Novel advanced copper-silver materials produced from recycled dendritic copper powders using electroless coating and hot pressing 利用再生树枝状铜粉化学镀和热压制备新型先进的铜银材料

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2026031

T. Varol, O. Güler, Serhatcan Berk Akçay, Hüseyin Can Aksa

ABSTRACT In this study, copper powders with dendritic morphology were produced by the electrolysis method, and then silver coating was applied to these powders by an electroless coating method. The bulk samples were fabricated by hot pressing method using different ratios of copper and silver-plated copper powders. The results showed that the electroless silver coating layer provided a strong bond at the particle boundaries of the samples, significantly improving the physical and mechanical properties of the materials. Accordingly, the hardness, tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity values of the samples produced from silver-plated dendritic copper particles were determined to be approximately 98 HB, 185 MPa, 102 IACS% and 402 W mK−1, respectively. In addition, the oxidation resistance of the sample produced from completely silver-coated copper powders is 4 times higher than that of pure copper.

摘要本研究采用电解法制备枝晶铜粉，然后采用化学镀银的方法在其表面镀银。采用热压法制备了不同配比的铜粉和镀银铜粉。结果表明，化学镀银层在样品的颗粒边界处形成了牢固的结合，显著提高了材料的物理力学性能。因此，由镀银枝晶铜颗粒制成的样品的硬度、抗拉强度、电导率和导热系数分别约为98 HB、185 MPa、102 IACS%和402 W mK−1。此外，由完全镀银的铜粉制成的样品的抗氧化性比纯铜高4倍。

引用次数: 2

Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part II – microstructure evolution during sintering 粘结剂喷射316L不锈钢的烧结各向异性：第二部分——烧结过程中的微观结构演变

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2020486

Alberto Cabo Rios, E. Hryha, E. Olevsky, P. Harlin

ABSTRACT Green density of binder jetted parts are typically equal or lower than the powder tap density. Also, anisotropic green porosity distribution is expected because of the characteristics of the binder jetting (BJ) printing process. In this study, the microstructure evolution in terms of phases and porosity characteristics was studied. A transition from irregular-shape interconnected porosity in pre-sintered samples to closed quasi-spherical porosity for samples sintered at 1370°C was observed. EBSD phase map showed ∼2.73% of δ-ferrite in sample sintered at 1370°C. The anisotropic porosity distribution was revealed by a higher area fraction of aligned large pores (>35 µm), within the cross-section perpendicular to the building direction. Chemical analysis showed an increase of C, O and N on the green sample, while a strong decrease was found after sintering when compared with the powder chemistry. δ-ferrite onset, from phase equilibrium calculations, varies from ∼1250°C (sintered sample chemistry) to ∼1350°C (powder chemistry).

粘结剂喷射零件的生坯密度通常等于或低于粉末振实密度。此外，由于粘结剂喷射（BJ）印刷工艺的特性，预计会出现各向异性的生坯孔隙率分布。在本研究中，研究了微观结构在相和孔隙率特征方面的演变。观察到预烧结样品中的不规则形状互连孔隙向1370°C烧结样品的闭合准球形孔隙的转变。EBSD相位图显示，在1370°C下烧结的样品中，约2.73%的δ-铁氧体。各向异性孔隙率分布通过排列的大孔隙的较高面积分数（>35 µm），在垂直于建筑方向的横截面内。化学分析显示，与粉末化学相比，生坯样品上的C、O和N增加，而烧结后发现显著降低。根据相平衡计算，δ-铁素体的起始温度从～1250°C（烧结样品化学）到～1350°C（粉末化学）不等。

引用次数: 8

Validation of Picture Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test for Illiteracy in Lima, Peru. 在秘鲁利马验证针对文盲的无图和有图选择性记忆测试。

4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221094396

Rosa Montesinos, Jose F Parodi, Monica M Diaz, Eder Herrera-Perez, Elizabeth Valeriano-Lorenzo, Ambar Soto, Carolina Delgado, Andrea Slachevsky, Nilton Custodio

Dementia in Latin America is a crucial public health problem. Identifying brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools for the primary care setting is crucial, particularly for illiterate individuals. We evaluated tool performance characteristics and validated the free and total recall sections of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-Picture version (FCSRT-Picture) to discriminate between 63 patients with early Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), 60 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 64 cognitively healthy Peruvian individuals with illiteracy from an urban area. Clinical, functional, and cognitive assessments were performed. FCSRT-Picture performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The mean ± standard deviation scores were 7.7 ± 1.0 in ADD, 11.8 ± 1.6 in aMCI, and 29.5 ± 1.8 in controls. The FCSRT-Picture had better performance characteristics for distinguishing controls from aMCI compared with several other BCS tools, but similar characteristics between controls and early ADD. The FCSRT-Picture is a reliable BCS tool for illiteracy in Peru.

在拉丁美洲，痴呆症是一个重要的公共卫生问题。为初级医疗机构确定简短认知筛查（BCS）工具至关重要，尤其是对文盲而言。我们评估了该工具的性能特点，并验证了自由和诱导选择性回忆测验图片版（FCSRT-Picture）的自由回忆和总回忆部分，以区分 63 名早期阿尔茨海默氏症痴呆（ADD）患者、60 名失忆性轻度认知障碍（aMCI）患者和 64 名认知健康的秘鲁城市文盲。他们接受了临床、功能和认知评估。使用接收器操作特征曲线分析评估了 FCSRT-Picture 的性能。注意力缺失症患者的平均得分（± 标准差）为 7.7 ± 1.0，aMCI 患者为 11.8 ± 1.6，对照组为 29.5 ± 1.8。与其他几种 BCS 工具相比，FCSRT-Picture 在区分对照组和 aMCI 方面具有更好的性能特征，但在对照组和早期 ADD 之间具有相似的特征。FCSRT-Picture是一种可靠的秘鲁文盲BCS工具。

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引用次数: 0

Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part I – sintering anisotropy 粘结剂喷射316L不锈钢的烧结各向异性:第一部分-烧结各向异性

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2021-12-25 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2020485

Alberto Cabo Rios, E. Hryha, E. Olevsky, P. Harlin

ABSTRACT In Binder Jetting (BJ) Additive Manufacturing (AM), green components are usually subjected to sintering process to reach required properties. Owing to the inherent low green density, binder jetted (BJ) parts undergo shrinkages up to 20%. In addition, anisotropic dimensional evolution during sintering is characteristic for BJ, generally caused by the specifics of the arrangement of particles during the printing process. In this study, the multi-axial dimensional evolution of 316L stainless steel cubic samples (10 × 10 × 10 mm3), manufactured using BJ, was characterised by dilatometry experiments. Dilatometry tests were conducted up to sintering temperatures of 1300°C and 1370°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min and 5°C/min, respectively. Dilatometry results and final dimension measurements showed anisotropic shrinkage behaviour during sintering with about 15% larger shrinkage along the building direction. Shrinkages along the other two orthogonal directions were relatively similar, but a slightly larger final shrinkage along the printhead movement direction was observed. Relative density of 85.0% and 96.4% was obtained after sintering tests at 1300°C and 1370°C, respectively.

摘要在粘结剂喷射增材制造（AM）中，生坯部件通常要经过烧结工艺才能达到所需的性能。由于固有的低生坯密度，粘结剂喷射（BJ）零件的收缩率高达20%。此外，烧结过程中的各向异性尺寸演变是BJ的特征，通常是由印刷过程中颗粒排列的细节引起的。在本研究中，316L不锈钢立方体样品（10 × 10 × 10 mm3），使用BJ制造，通过膨胀测量实验进行表征。在1300°C和1370°C的烧结温度下，分别以10°C/min和5°C/min的加热速率进行膨胀试验。膨胀测试结果和最终尺寸测量显示，烧结过程中的收缩行为各向异性，沿建筑方向的收缩率高出约15%。沿其他两个正交方向的收缩相对相似，但观察到沿打印头移动方向的最终收缩稍大。在1300°C和1370°C下进行烧结试验后，获得的相对密度分别为85.0%和96.4%。

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引用次数: 11

Influence of the heating rate on sintering shrinkage of plain iron 加热速度对纯铁烧结收缩率的影响

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2015860

S. Baselli, A. Molinari

ABSTRACT The effect of heating rate on shrinkage of plain iron was investigated on green specimens with different green densities: 6.5, 6.9 and 7.3 g cm−3. On increasing the heating rate, the anisothermal shrinkage in the alpha field starts at higher temperatures but its amount does not change. The activation energy corresponds to that of dislocation pipe diffusion, confirming the role of the structural defects accumulated in the particles during cold compaction. The isothermal shrinkage increases on increasing the heating rate, likely due to the effect of surface diffusion at lower temperatures that reduce the driving force, without a measurable effect on shrinkage. The effect of green density is the same for anisothermal and isothermal shrinkage, with a minimum (in absolute value) at the intermediate green density.

摘要研究了加热速率对不同生坯密度（6.5、6.9和7.3）生坯收缩率的影响 g cm−3。随着加热速率的增加，α场中的各向异性热收缩在更高的温度下开始，但其量不变。活化能对应于位错管扩散的活化能，证实了在冷压过程中积聚在颗粒中的结构缺陷的作用。等温收缩随着加热速率的增加而增加，这可能是由于在较低温度下表面扩散的影响，从而降低了驱动力，而对收缩没有可测量的影响。生坯密度对不等热收缩和等温收缩的影响相同，在中间生坯密度下最小（绝对值）。

引用次数: 0

Effect of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of 00Cr32Ni7Mo3.5N 固溶处理对00Cr32Ni7Mo3.5N合金组织和性能的影响

IF 1.4 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Powder Metallurgy

Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2014656

Yang Zhao, Jian-hao Chen, Meihuan Qi, S. Ren, X. Qu

ABSTRACT 00Cr32Ni7Mo3.5N parts were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and forging process in this study. The effect of solution heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and pitting resistance were investigated. Under solution treating at 1100°C, the phase constitution in HIP parts can be adjusted to comprise approximately 50% austenite (γ) and 50% ferrite (δ) phases with equiaxed structure, and this post-processing can meanwhile help to dissolve precipitated brittle σ phase. In comparison, the banded dual-phase structures in forged counterparts cannot be removed even after annealing at 1200°C. The desired phase proportion after solution treatment plus the equiaxed grains impart superior comprehensive performance to HIP parts with the tensile strength of 886 MPa, elongation of 48.0%, impact energy of 83 J, and pitting potential of 0.9659 V in neutral 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution. Based on this work, HIP seems to be a promising method to fabricate near-net-shape 00Cr32Ni7Mo3.5N parts. Highlights SAF3207 were prepared by HIP and was compared with its forging parts. HIP samples show equiaxed structure, while forgings are banded dual phase structures. Phase constitution can be adjusted to be approximately 50% austenite and 50% ferrite. The brittle σ phase can be completely removed after solution treatment. HIP seems a promising method to fabricate SAF3207 with high performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

本文采用热等静压和锻造工艺制备了00Cr32Ni7Mo3.5N零件。研究了固溶热处理对组织、力学性能和耐点蚀性能的影响。在1100°C的固溶处理下，HIP零件中的相组成可以调整为约50%的奥氏体（γ）和50%的铁素体（δ）相，具有等轴结构，这种后处理同时可以帮助溶解沉淀的脆性σ相。相比之下，即使在1200°C下退火，锻造对应物中的带状双相结构也无法去除。固溶处理后所需的相比例加上等轴晶粒使HIP零件具有优异的综合性能，抗拉强度为886 MPa，伸长率48.0%，冲击能83 J、点蚀电位为0.9659 V在中性3.5 wt-%NaCl溶液。基于这项工作，HIP似乎是一种很有前途的制造近净形状00Cr32Ni7Mo3.5N零件的方法。亮点SAF3207由HIP制备，并与其锻件进行了比较。HIP试样为等轴组织，锻件为带状双相组织。可以将相组成调整为大约50%的奥氏体和50%的铁素体。经过固溶处理后，脆性σ相可以完全去除。HIP是制备高性能SAF3207的一种很有前途的方法。图形摘要

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引用次数: 0

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