Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0506-R
Lifang Hu, Jing Chen, Ruimin Jia, Yan Sun, Xiaomin Dong, Shang Cao, Xihui Shen, Yang Wang
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, leads to severe economic losses worldwide. Effective management measures for controlling FHB are not available due to a lack of resistant cultivars. Currently, the utilization of biological control is a promising approach that can be used to help manage FHB. Previous studies have confirmed that Streptomyces pratensis S10 harbors excellent inhibitory effects on F. graminearum. However, there is no information regarding whether invasive hyphae of F. graminearum are inhibited by S10. Thus, we investigated the effects of S10 on F. graminearum strain PH-1 hypha extension, toxisome formation, and TRI5 gene expression on wheat plants via microscopic observation. The results showed that S10 effectively inhibited the spread of F. graminearum hyphae along the rachis, restricting the infection of neighboring florets via the phloem. In the presence of S10, the hyphal growth is impeded by the formation of dense cell wall thickenings in the rachis internode surrounding the F. graminearum infection site, avoiding cell plasmolysis and collapse. We further demonstrated that S10 largely prevented cell-to-cell invasion of fungal hyphae inside wheat coleoptiles using a constitutively green fluorescence protein-expressing F. graminearum strain, PH-1. Importantly, S. pratensis S10 inhibited toxisome formation and TRI5 gene expression in wheat plants during infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that S. pratensis S10 prevents the spread of F. graminearum invasive hyphae via the rachis.
{"title":"<i>Streptomyces pratensis</i> S10 Inhibits the Spread of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Invasive Hyphae and Toxisome Formation in Wheat Plants.","authors":"Lifang Hu, Jing Chen, Ruimin Jia, Yan Sun, Xiaomin Dong, Shang Cao, Xihui Shen, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0506-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0506-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, mainly caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, leads to severe economic losses worldwide. Effective management measures for controlling FHB are not available due to a lack of resistant cultivars. Currently, the utilization of biological control is a promising approach that can be used to help manage FHB. Previous studies have confirmed that <i>Streptomyces pratensis</i> S10 harbors excellent inhibitory effects on <i>F. graminearum</i>. However, there is no information regarding whether invasive hyphae of <i>F. graminearum</i> are inhibited by S10. Thus, we investigated the effects of S10 on <i>F. graminearum</i> strain PH-1 hypha extension, toxisome formation, and <i>TRI5</i> gene expression on wheat plants via microscopic observation. The results showed that S10 effectively inhibited the spread of <i>F. graminearum</i> hyphae along the rachis, restricting the infection of neighboring florets via the phloem. In the presence of S10, the hyphal growth is impeded by the formation of dense cell wall thickenings in the rachis internode surrounding the <i>F. graminearum</i> infection site, avoiding cell plasmolysis and collapse. We further demonstrated that S10 largely prevented cell-to-cell invasion of fungal hyphae inside wheat coleoptiles using a constitutively green fluorescence protein-expressing <i>F. graminearum</i> strain, PH-1. Importantly, <i>S. pratensis</i> S10 inhibited toxisome formation and <i>TRI5</i> gene expression in wheat plants during infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that <i>S. pratensis</i> S10 prevents the spread of <i>F. graminearum</i> invasive hyphae via the rachis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0495-R
Xue Guo, Rongyu Li, Yi Ding, Feixu Mo, Ke Hu, Minggui Ou, Diao Jiang, Ming Li
Dendrobium officinale soft rot is a widespread and destructive disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum that can seriously affect yield and quality. To better understand the fungal infection and colonization, we successfully created an F. oxysporum labeled with green fluorescent protein using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. Transformants had varying fluorescence intensities, but their pathogenicity did not differ from that of the wild type. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that F. oxysporum primarily entered the aboveground portion of D. officinale through the leaf margin, stomata, or by direct penetration of the leaf surface. It then colonized the mesophyll and spread along its vascular bundles. D. officinale exhibited typical symptoms of decay and wilting at 14 days postinoculation, accompanied by a pronounced fluorescence signal in the affected area. The initial colonization of F. oxysporum in the subterranean region primarily involved attachment to the root hair and epidermis, which progressed to the medullary vascular bundle. At 14 days postinoculation, the root vascular bundles of D. officinale exhibited significant colonization by F. oxysporum. Macroconidia were also observed in black rot D. officinale tissue. In particular, the entire root was surrounded by a significant number of chlamydospore-producing F. oxysporum mycelia at 28 days postinoculation. This approach allowed for the visualization of the complete infection process of F. oxysporum and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of field control strategies.
铁皮石斛软腐病是由草孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)引起的一种广泛存在的破坏性病害,会严重影响其产量和质量。为了更好地了解真菌的感染和定殖情况,我们利用农杆菌介导的转化(ATMT)方法,成功地制造出了一种标记有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的镰刀菌。转化子具有不同的荧光强度,但其致病性与野生型(WT)没有差异。荧光显微镜显示,F. oxysporum 主要通过叶缘、气孔或直接穿透叶面进入 D. officinale 的地上部分。然后在叶肉中定植,并沿着维管束扩散。培养 14 天后,D. officinale 表现出典型的腐烂和枯萎症状,受害部位伴有明显的荧光信号。F. oxysporum 在地下区域的最初定殖主要是附着在根毛和表皮上,然后发展到髓部维管束。在接种后 14 天(dpi),D. officinale 的根维管束出现了明显的 F. oxysporum 定殖。在黑腐病 D. officinale 组织中也观察到了大孢子菌。尤其是在 28 dpi 时,整个根部被大量产生衣孢子的 F. oxysporum 菌丝体包围。这种方法使 F. oxysporum 的完整感染过程可视化,为制定田间控制策略提供了理论基础。
{"title":"Visualization of the Infection and Colonization Process of <i>Dendrobium officinale</i> Using a Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Isolate of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>.","authors":"Xue Guo, Rongyu Li, Yi Ding, Feixu Mo, Ke Hu, Minggui Ou, Diao Jiang, Ming Li","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0495-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0495-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dendrobium officinale</i> soft rot is a widespread and destructive disease caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> that can seriously affect yield and quality. To better understand the fungal infection and colonization, we successfully created an <i>F. oxysporum</i> labeled with green fluorescent protein using the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation method. Transformants had varying fluorescence intensities, but their pathogenicity did not differ from that of the wild type. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that <i>F. oxysporum</i> primarily entered the aboveground portion of <i>D. officinale</i> through the leaf margin, stomata, or by direct penetration of the leaf surface. It then colonized the mesophyll and spread along its vascular bundles. <i>D. officinale</i> exhibited typical symptoms of decay and wilting at 14 days postinoculation, accompanied by a pronounced fluorescence signal in the affected area. The initial colonization of <i>F. oxysporum</i> in the subterranean region primarily involved attachment to the root hair and epidermis, which progressed to the medullary vascular bundle. At 14 days postinoculation, the root vascular bundles of <i>D. officinale</i> exhibited significant colonization by <i>F. oxysporum</i>. Macroconidia were also observed in black rot <i>D. officinale</i> tissue. In particular, the entire root was surrounded by a significant number of chlamydospore-producing <i>F. oxysporum</i> mycelia at 28 days postinoculation. This approach allowed for the visualization of the complete infection process of <i>F. oxysporum</i> and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of field control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stripe rust and powdery mildew are serious diseases that severely decrease the yield of wheat. Planting wheat cultivars with powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes is the most effective way to control these two diseases. Introducing disease resistance genes from related species into the wheat genome via chromosome translocation is an important way to improve wheat disease resistance. In this study, nine novel T1RS.1AL translocation lines were developed from the cross of wheat cultivar Chuannong25 (CN25) and a Chinese rye Qinling. The results of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR showed that all new lines were homozygous for the T1RS.1AL translocation. These new T1RS.1AL translocation lines exhibited strong resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. The cytogenetics results indicated that the resistance of the new lines was conferred by the 1RS chromosome arms, which came from Qinling rye. The genetic analysis indicated that there were new dominant resistance genes on the 1RS chromosome arm resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew, and their resistance patterns were different from those of Yr9, Pm8, and Pm17 genes. In addition, the T1RS.1AL translocation lines generally exhibited better agronomic traits in the field relative to CN25. These T1RS.1AL translocations have great potential in wheat-breeding programs in the future.
{"title":"Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Novel Wheat-Rye T1RS.1AL Translocation Lines with Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust Derived from the Chinese Rye Landrace Qinling.","authors":"Zhi Li, Zixin Sun, Liqi Zhao, Tong Yan, Zhenglong Ren, Tianheng Ren","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-23-0236-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-23-0236-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stripe rust and powdery mildew are serious diseases that severely decrease the yield of wheat. Planting wheat cultivars with powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes is the most effective way to control these two diseases. Introducing disease resistance genes from related species into the wheat genome via chromosome translocation is an important way to improve wheat disease resistance. In this study, nine novel T1RS.1AL translocation lines were developed from the cross of wheat cultivar Chuannong25 (CN25) and a Chinese rye Qinling. The results of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR showed that all new lines were homozygous for the T1RS.1AL translocation. These new T1RS.1AL translocation lines exhibited strong resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. The cytogenetics results indicated that the resistance of the new lines was conferred by the 1RS chromosome arms, which came from Qinling rye. The genetic analysis indicated that there were new dominant resistance genes on the 1RS chromosome arm resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew, and their resistance patterns were different from those of <i>Yr9, Pm8</i>, and <i>Pm17</i> genes. In addition, the T1RS.1AL translocation lines generally exhibited better agronomic traits in the field relative to CN25. These T1RS.1AL translocations have great potential in wheat-breeding programs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0009-PER
Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Jayme G Arnal Barbedo, Kuo-Szu Chiang, Emerson M Del Ponte, Clive H Bock
In the past decade, there has been a recognized need for innovative methods to monitor and manage plant diseases, aiming to meet the precision demands of modern agriculture. Over the last 15 years, significant advances in the detection, monitoring, and management of plant diseases have been made, largely propelled by cutting-edge technologies. Recent advances in precision agriculture have been driven by sophisticated tools such as optical sensors, artificial intelligence, microsensor networks, and autonomous driving vehicles. These technologies have enabled the development of novel cropping systems, allowing for targeted management of crops, contrasting with the traditional, homogeneous treatment of large crop areas. The research in this field is usually a highly collaborative and interdisciplinary endeavor. It brings together experts from diverse fields such as plant pathology, computer science, statistics, engineering, and agronomy to forge comprehensive solutions. Despite the progress, translating the advancements in the precision of decision-making or automation into agricultural practice remains a challenge. The knowledge transfer to agricultural practice and extension has been particularly challenging. Enhancing the accuracy and timeliness of disease detection continues to be a priority, with data-driven artificial intelligence systems poised to play a pivotal role. This perspective article addresses critical questions and challenges faced in the implementation of digital technologies for plant disease management. It underscores the urgency of integrating innovative technological advances with traditional integrated pest management. It highlights unresolved issues regarding the establishment of control thresholds for site-specific treatments and the necessary alignment of digital technology use with regulatory frameworks. Importantly, the paper calls for intensified research efforts, widespread knowledge dissemination, and education to optimize the application of digital tools for plant disease management, recognizing the intersection of technology's potential with its current practical limitations.
{"title":"From Detection to Protection: The Role of Optical Sensors, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence in Modern Plant Disease Management.","authors":"Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Jayme G Arnal Barbedo, Kuo-Szu Chiang, Emerson M Del Ponte, Clive H Bock","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0009-PER","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0009-PER","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past decade, there has been a recognized need for innovative methods to monitor and manage plant diseases, aiming to meet the precision demands of modern agriculture. Over the last 15 years, significant advances in the detection, monitoring, and management of plant diseases have been made, largely propelled by cutting-edge technologies. Recent advances in precision agriculture have been driven by sophisticated tools such as optical sensors, artificial intelligence, microsensor networks, and autonomous driving vehicles. These technologies have enabled the development of novel cropping systems, allowing for targeted management of crops, contrasting with the traditional, homogeneous treatment of large crop areas. The research in this field is usually a highly collaborative and interdisciplinary endeavor. It brings together experts from diverse fields such as plant pathology, computer science, statistics, engineering, and agronomy to forge comprehensive solutions. Despite the progress, translating the advancements in the precision of decision-making or automation into agricultural practice remains a challenge. The knowledge transfer to agricultural practice and extension has been particularly challenging. Enhancing the accuracy and timeliness of disease detection continues to be a priority, with data-driven artificial intelligence systems poised to play a pivotal role. This perspective article addresses critical questions and challenges faced in the implementation of digital technologies for plant disease management. It underscores the urgency of integrating innovative technological advances with traditional integrated pest management. It highlights unresolved issues regarding the establishment of control thresholds for site-specific treatments and the necessary alignment of digital technology use with regulatory frameworks. Importantly, the paper calls for intensified research efforts, widespread knowledge dissemination, and education to optimize the application of digital tools for plant disease management, recognizing the intersection of technology's potential with its current practical limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0122-SC
John Jewish A Dominguez, Mari Iwai, Sayaka Fujisaki, Yoshiko Abe, Yasuya Iwadate, Koki Fujisaki
Gentians (Gentiana spp.) as floriculture crops are constantly exposed to several fungal and viral pathogens in the field. Among the fungal diseases afflicting gentian production, gentian sclerotial flower blight caused by Ciborinia gentianae incurs economic losses, as it affects flowers before and after harvest. Currently, preventive measures for this disease are limited, and no resistant cultivars have been reported. This is partly because of the lack of a reliable infection system that could promote research on this plant-fungus interaction. In this study, Gentiana plant tissue culture material was inoculated with C. gentianae culture filtrate. We successfully demonstrated non-ascospore-mediated infection of C. gentianae. Inoculation of individual hyphal structures present in the culture filtrate suggested that sclerotial primordia are the main agents of this infection. Interestingly, our results indicated that primary infection of C. gentianae occurs in petals rather than leaves, which enables systemic infection and therefore mirrors the fungus's infection strategy observed in the field. Moreover, we showed that (i) non-ascospore hyphal structures can also cause disease in flowers grown in the field, and (ii) ascosporic infection can also be observed using the in vitro system, opening possibilities for both practical and basic research aimed to combat gentian sclerotial flower blight disease.
{"title":"Establishment of an Infection System for Gentian (<i>Gentiana</i> spp.) Sclerotial Flower Blight Disease.","authors":"John Jewish A Dominguez, Mari Iwai, Sayaka Fujisaki, Yoshiko Abe, Yasuya Iwadate, Koki Fujisaki","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0122-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0122-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gentians (<i>Gentiana</i> spp.) as floriculture crops are constantly exposed to several fungal and viral pathogens in the field. Among the fungal diseases afflicting gentian production, gentian sclerotial flower blight caused by <i>Ciborinia gentianae</i> incurs economic losses, as it affects flowers before and after harvest. Currently, preventive measures for this disease are limited, and no resistant cultivars have been reported. This is partly because of the lack of a reliable infection system that could promote research on this plant-fungus interaction. In this study, <i>Gentiana</i> plant tissue culture material was inoculated with <i>C. gentianae</i> culture filtrate. We successfully demonstrated non-ascospore-mediated infection of <i>C. gentianae</i>. Inoculation of individual hyphal structures present in the culture filtrate suggested that sclerotial primordia are the main agents of this infection. Interestingly, our results indicated that primary infection of <i>C. gentianae</i> occurs in petals rather than leaves, which enables systemic infection and therefore mirrors the fungus's infection strategy observed in the field. Moreover, we showed that (i) non-ascospore hyphal structures can also cause disease in flowers grown in the field, and (ii) ascosporic infection can also be observed using the in vitro system, opening possibilities for both practical and basic research aimed to combat gentian sclerotial flower blight disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0441-KC
Eboni R Traverso, Emmalea G Ernest, Isabel B Emanuel, Alyssa K Betts
Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) are a cornerstone crop of Delaware's processing vegetable industry. Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause galling of root systems which severely reduces yield. Durable host resistance is an effective management strategy for RKN, but availability of resistant lima bean cultivars is limited. To overcome these challenges, breeding pipelines must simultaneously advance pre-commercial lines and identify new resistance sources with potential for incorporation into the breeding program. Inoculated field trials were conducted in 2021-2022 to evaluate three M. incognita resistant, pre-commercial experimental lines for resistance traits and yield potential in comparison to commercial standards, 'Cypress' and 'C-elite Select'. DE1306635 had the highest yield and reduced galling and reproduction compared to 'Cypress', and is a candidate for commercial release. To continue the breeding pipeline, 256 lima bean inbred accessions from around the world were assessed from 2022-2023 in greenhouse and field screenings to identify novel sources of resistance in the lima bean gene pool. This method allows for evaluation and/or advancement of three generations per year. The full panel was initially evaluated for root galling and 60 accessions were selected for additional field and greenhouse screening: 25 large- and 25 small-seeded with the lowest gall ratings, 5 high-gall controls, and 5 commercial standards. Seven accessions with reduced M. incognita galling and reproduction were identified, including two known resistant lines and five newly identified genotypes. The resistance carried by these genotypes will be further characterized to assess their potential use in lima bean RKN resistance breeding.
{"title":"Building accelerated plant breeding pipelines: Screening to evaluate lima bean resistance to root-knot nematode in diverse inbred lines and segregating breeding populations.","authors":"Eboni R Traverso, Emmalea G Ernest, Isabel B Emanuel, Alyssa K Betts","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0441-KC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0441-KC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) are a cornerstone crop of Delaware's processing vegetable industry. Root-knot nematodes (RKN; <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) cause galling of root systems which severely reduces yield. Durable host resistance is an effective management strategy for RKN, but availability of resistant lima bean cultivars is limited. To overcome these challenges, breeding pipelines must simultaneously advance pre-commercial lines and identify new resistance sources with potential for incorporation into the breeding program. Inoculated field trials were conducted in 2021-2022 to evaluate three <i>M. incognita</i> resistant, pre-commercial experimental lines for resistance traits and yield potential in comparison to commercial standards, 'Cypress' and 'C-elite Select'. DE1306635 had the highest yield and reduced galling and reproduction compared to 'Cypress', and is a candidate for commercial release. To continue the breeding pipeline, 256 lima bean inbred accessions from around the world were assessed from 2022-2023 in greenhouse and field screenings to identify novel sources of resistance in the lima bean gene pool. This method allows for evaluation and/or advancement of three generations per year. The full panel was initially evaluated for root galling and 60 accessions were selected for additional field and greenhouse screening: 25 large- and 25 small-seeded with the lowest gall ratings, 5 high-gall controls, and 5 commercial standards. Seven accessions with reduced <i>M. incognita</i> galling and reproduction were identified, including two known resistant lines and five newly identified genotypes. The resistance carried by these genotypes will be further characterized to assess their potential use in lima bean RKN resistance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0348-R
Firdissa E Bokore, Kerry Boyle, Yuefeng Ruan, Curt A McCartney, Colin W Hiebert, Ron E Knox, Xiangyu Pei, Elsa Reimer, Karim Ammar, Wentao Zhang, Pierre Fobert, Richard D Cuthbert, Samia Berraies, Brent D McCallum
Durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) is threatened by the appearance of new virulent races of leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the leaf rust resistance in a modern Canadian durum cultivar Strongfield. Six populations derived from crosses of Strongfield with six tetraploid wheat lines, respectively, were tested at seedling plant stage with different P. triticina races. Two of the populations were evaluated for adult plant leaf rust infection in Canada and Mexico. A stepwise regression joint linkage QTL mapping and analysis by MapQTL were performed. Strongfield contributed the majority of QTL detected, contributing seven QTL detected in field tests, and eight QTL conditioning seedling resistance. A 1B QTL, QLr-Spa-1B.1, from Strongfield had a significant effect in both Canadian and Mexican field tests, and corresponded with Lr46/Yr29. The remaining field QTL were found in only the Canadian or the Mexican environment, not both. The QTL from Strongfield on 3A, QLr-Spa-3A, conferred seedling resistance to all races tested and had a significant effect in the field in Canada. This is the first report of the QLr-Spa-3A and Lr46/Yr29 as key components of the genetic resistance in Canadian durum wheat. KASP markers were developed to detect the QLr-Spa-3A for use in marker assisted leaf rust resistance breeding. The susceptible parental lines contributed QTL on 1A, 2B and 5B that were effective in Mexican field tests that may be good targets to integrate into modern durum varieties to improve resistance to new durum virulent races.
{"title":"Mapping seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance genes in the durum wheat cultivar Strongfield and other <i>Triticum turgidum</i> (L.) lines.","authors":"Firdissa E Bokore, Kerry Boyle, Yuefeng Ruan, Curt A McCartney, Colin W Hiebert, Ron E Knox, Xiangyu Pei, Elsa Reimer, Karim Ammar, Wentao Zhang, Pierre Fobert, Richard D Cuthbert, Samia Berraies, Brent D McCallum","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0348-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0348-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Durum wheat (<i>T. turgidum</i> L.) is threatened by the appearance of new virulent races of leaf rust, caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the leaf rust resistance in a modern Canadian durum cultivar Strongfield. Six populations derived from crosses of Strongfield with six tetraploid wheat lines, respectively, were tested at seedling plant stage with different <i>P. triticina</i> races. Two of the populations were evaluated for adult plant leaf rust infection in Canada and Mexico. A stepwise regression joint linkage QTL mapping and analysis by MapQTL were performed. Strongfield contributed the majority of QTL detected, contributing seven QTL detected in field tests, and eight QTL conditioning seedling resistance. A 1B QTL, <i>QLr-Spa-1B.1</i>, from Strongfield had a significant effect in both Canadian and Mexican field tests, and corresponded with <i>Lr46/Yr29</i>. The remaining field QTL were found in only the Canadian or the Mexican environment, not both. The QTL from Strongfield on 3A, <i>QLr-Spa-3A</i>, conferred seedling resistance to all races tested and had a significant effect in the field in Canada. This is the first report of the <i>QLr-Spa-3A</i> and <i>Lr46/Yr29</i> as key components of the genetic resistance in Canadian durum wheat. KASP markers were developed to detect the <i>QLr-Spa-3A</i> for use in marker assisted leaf rust resistance breeding. The susceptible parental lines contributed QTL on 1A, 2B and 5B that were effective in Mexican field tests that may be good targets to integrate into modern durum varieties to improve resistance to new durum virulent races.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scald is one of the major economically important foliar diseases in barley, causing up to 40% yield loss in susceptible varieties. The identification of quantitative trait loci and elite alleles that confer resistance to scald is imperative in reducing the threats to barley production. In this study, genome-wide association studies were conducted using a panel of 697 barley genotypes to identify quantitative trait loci for scald resistance. Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive years. Among different models used for genome-wide association studies analysis, FarmCPU was shown to be the best-suited model. Nineteen significant marker-trait associations related to scald resistance were identified across six different chromosomes. Eleven of these marker-trait associations correspond to previously reported scald resistance genes Rrs1, Rrs4, and Rrs2, respectively. Eight novel marker-trait associations were identified in this study, with the candidate genes encoding a diverse class of proteins, including region leucine-rich repeats, AP2/ERF transcription factor, homeodomain-leucine zipper, and protein kinase family proteins. The combination of identified superior alleles significantly reduces disease severity scores. The results will be valuable for marker-assisted breeding for developing scald-resistant varieties.
{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study for Identification of Marker-Trait Associations Conferring Resistance to Scald from Globally Collected Barley Germplasm.","authors":"Usman Ijaz, Chenchen Zhao, Sergey Shahbala, Meixue Zhou","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0043-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0043-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scald is one of the major economically important foliar diseases in barley, causing up to 40% yield loss in susceptible varieties. The identification of quantitative trait loci and elite alleles that confer resistance to scald is imperative in reducing the threats to barley production. In this study, genome-wide association studies were conducted using a panel of 697 barley genotypes to identify quantitative trait loci for scald resistance. Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive years. Among different models used for genome-wide association studies analysis, FarmCPU was shown to be the best-suited model. Nineteen significant marker-trait associations related to scald resistance were identified across six different chromosomes. Eleven of these marker-trait associations correspond to previously reported scald resistance genes <i>Rrs1</i>, <i>Rrs4</i>, and <i>Rrs2</i>, respectively. Eight novel marker-trait associations were identified in this study, with the candidate genes encoding a diverse class of proteins, including region leucine-rich repeats, AP2/ERF transcription factor, homeodomain-leucine zipper, and protein kinase family proteins. The combination of identified superior alleles significantly reduces disease severity scores. The results will be valuable for marker-assisted breeding for developing scald-resistant varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0474-R
Ruifeng Qin, Minghui Huang, Ye Jiang, Dan Jiang, Doudou Chang, Yifan Xie, Yuewen Dou, Lili Wu, Liuli Wei, Mingze Wang, Zhongyan Tian, Chunjie Li, Congli Wang
Unraveling the intricacies of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) race 4 resistance and susceptibility in soybean breeding lines-11-452 (highly resistant) and Dongsheng1 (DS1, highly susceptible)-was the focal point of this study. Employing cutting-edge N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RNA sequencing techniques, we delved into the impact of m6A modification on gene expression and plant defense responses. Through the evaluation of nematode development in both resistant and susceptible roots, a pivotal time point (3 days postinoculation) for m6A methylation sequencing was identified. Our sequencing data exhibited robust statistics, successful soybean genome mapping, and prevalent m6A peak distributions, primarily in the 3' untranslated region and stop codon regions. Analysis of differential methylation peaks and differentially expressed genes revealed distinctive patterns between resistant and susceptible genotypes. In the highly resistant line (11-452), key resistance and defense-associated genes displayed increased expression coupled with inhibited methylation, encompassing crucial players such as R genes, receptor kinases, and transcription factors. Conversely, the highly susceptible DS1 line exhibited heightened expression correlated with decreased methylation in genes linked to susceptibility pathways, including Mildew Locus O-like proteins and regulatory elements affecting defense mechanisms. Genome-wide assessments, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, and differential methylation peak/differentially expressed gene overlap emphasized the intricate interplay of m6A modifications, alternative splicing, microRNA, and gene regulation in plant defense. Protein-protein interaction networks illuminated defense-pivotal genes, delineating divergent mechanisms in resistant and susceptible responses. This study sheds light on the dynamic correlation between methylation, splicing, and gene expression, providing profound insights into plant responses to nematode infection.
{"title":"N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Sequencing Reveals <i>Heterodera glycines</i>-Induced Dynamic Methylation Promoting Soybean Defense.","authors":"Ruifeng Qin, Minghui Huang, Ye Jiang, Dan Jiang, Doudou Chang, Yifan Xie, Yuewen Dou, Lili Wu, Liuli Wei, Mingze Wang, Zhongyan Tian, Chunjie Li, Congli Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0474-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0474-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unraveling the intricacies of soybean cyst nematode (<i>Heterodera glycines</i>) race 4 resistance and susceptibility in soybean breeding lines-11-452 (highly resistant) and Dongsheng1 (DS1, highly susceptible)-was the focal point of this study. Employing cutting-edge N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RNA sequencing techniques, we delved into the impact of m6A modification on gene expression and plant defense responses. Through the evaluation of nematode development in both resistant and susceptible roots, a pivotal time point (3 days postinoculation) for m6A methylation sequencing was identified. Our sequencing data exhibited robust statistics, successful soybean genome mapping, and prevalent m6A peak distributions, primarily in the 3' untranslated region and stop codon regions. Analysis of differential methylation peaks and differentially expressed genes revealed distinctive patterns between resistant and susceptible genotypes. In the highly resistant line (11-452), key resistance and defense-associated genes displayed increased expression coupled with inhibited methylation, encompassing crucial players such as R genes, receptor kinases, and transcription factors. Conversely, the highly susceptible DS1 line exhibited heightened expression correlated with decreased methylation in genes linked to susceptibility pathways, including Mildew Locus O-like proteins and regulatory elements affecting defense mechanisms. Genome-wide assessments, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, and differential methylation peak/differentially expressed gene overlap emphasized the intricate interplay of m6A modifications, alternative splicing, microRNA, and gene regulation in plant defense. Protein-protein interaction networks illuminated defense-pivotal genes, delineating divergent mechanisms in resistant and susceptible responses. This study sheds light on the dynamic correlation between methylation, splicing, and gene expression, providing profound insights into plant responses to nematode infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140120429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-23-0173-R
Chunwei Wang, Dainan Hao, Wenhui Jiao, Jiangbo Li, Jiaqi Yuan, Yurong Ma, Xiaomin Wang, Ailing Xu, Meiqin Wang, Yan Wang
Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%), and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum, and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fludioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of root rot of S. baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.
镰刀菌根腐病通常被列为世界上破坏性极强的土传病害。2020 年至 2021 年,中国山西省黄芩产区出现了镰刀菌根腐病,严重影响了黄芩的产量和品质。根据形态特征以及核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔区(ITS)和翻译延伸因子 1-α(TEF-1α)序列的综合分析,本研究获得的 68 个镰刀菌分离物被鉴定为 F.(52.94%)、F. acuminatum (20.59%)、F. solani (16.17%)、F. proliferatum (5.88%)、F. incarnatum (2.94%) 和 F. brachygibbosum (1.47%)。在致病性试验中,所有镰刀菌分离物都能感染黄芩根,但致病能力各不相同。其中,F. oxysporum 对黄芩根的致病力最强,其次是 F. acuminatum、F. solani、F. proliferatum、F. brachygibbosum 和 F. incarnatum。根据杀菌剂敏感性测试,镰刀菌分离株对氟啶虫酰胺和苯醚甲环唑更敏感,其次是多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵和霜霉威。简而言之,这是中国山西省首次报道镰刀菌(F. oxysporum、F. acuminatum、F. solani、F. proliferatum、F. incarnatum 和 F. brachygibbosum)是黄芩根腐病的病原菌。杀菌剂敏感性结果将有助于制定黄芩根腐病的防治策略。
{"title":"Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Associated with Root Rot of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> in Shanxi Province, China.","authors":"Chunwei Wang, Dainan Hao, Wenhui Jiao, Jiangbo Li, Jiaqi Yuan, Yurong Ma, Xiaomin Wang, Ailing Xu, Meiqin Wang, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-23-0173-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-23-0173-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 <i>Fusarium</i> isolates obtained in this work were identified as <i>F. oxysporum</i> (52.94%), <i>F. acuminatum</i> (20.59%), <i>F. solani</i> (16.17%), <i>F. proliferatum</i> (5.88%), <i>F. incarnatum</i> (2.94%), and <i>F. brachygibbosum</i> (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all <i>Fusarium</i> isolates could infect <i>S. baicalensis</i> roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, <i>F. oxysporum</i> was found to have the highest virulence on <i>S. baicalensis</i> roots, followed by <i>F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum</i>, and <i>F. incarnatum</i>. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, <i>Fusarium</i> isolates were more sensitive to fludioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of <i>Fusarium</i> species (<i>F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum</i>, and <i>F. brachygibbosum</i>) as causal agents of root rot of <i>S. baicalensis</i> in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of <i>S. baicalensis</i> root rot.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}