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Convenient one-pot oxidation of acenaphthene to acenaphthenequinone by DMSO 用二甲基亚砜一锅氧化苊制苊醌
E.A. Krasnokutskaja, A.S. D'jakova, Ki-Whan Chi
There are some effective reagents on the base of DMSO for oxidation of alkenes and alkynes to corresponding lJ-diketones: cg HBr/DMSO, IJDMSO, PdClJDMSO. On the othe; hand obscure general methods for a selective oxidation of alkane's chain to proper polycarbonyl functions R(CH2)nR + R(C0)nR As part of a synthetic strategy for this transformation we have developed a new method for onepot oxidation of acenaphthene to acenaphthenequionone. The method involve the following reactions: a) bromination of acenaphthene to 1-bromoacenaphthene; b) oxidation of bromoacenaphthene to acenaphthenequionone by heating into DMSO. Overall yield of acenaphthenequionone is 79%. We have shown also that this approach has a general importance as since 1-bromophenyletane easily oxidized to phenylglyoxal by heating in DMSO with good yield too.
在DMSO的基础上,有一些能将烯烃和炔氧化成相应的lj -二酮的有效试剂:cg HBr/DMSO、IJDMSO、PdClJDMSO。另一方面;烷烃链选择性氧化生成适当聚羰基官能团R(CH2)nR + R(C0)nR的一般方法尚不清楚,作为这种转化的合成策略的一部分,我们开发了一种一锅氧化苊为苊醌的新方法。该方法涉及以下反应:a)苊溴化为1-溴苊;b)通过加热二甲基亚砜将溴苊氧化为苊醌。苊醌的总收率为79%。我们还表明,这种方法具有普遍的重要性,因为1-溴苯乙烷在DMSO中加热很容易氧化为苯乙二醛,收率也很高。
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引用次数: 0
Intervalley overflow of electrons in heavily doped silicon 重掺杂硅中电子的谷间溢出
E. A. Makarov, A. Sychev
A computer simulation of the effect of overflow of electrons between conduction band minima of n-type silicon is carried out. On the basis of the numerical solution of the equation, the neutrality association of Fermi level position and electron concentration in minima are obtained at major monoaxial strain. The obtained results can be used for simulation of charge carrier transport in strained layers of Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ alloys.
对n型硅导带极小值间电子溢出效应进行了计算机模拟。在方程数值解的基础上,得到了单轴大应变下费米能级位置与电子浓度在极小值处的中性关系。所得结果可用于模拟Ge/sub -x/ Si/sub -x/合金应变层中的载流子输运。
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引用次数: 0
A robust controller for maximizing braking force despite of the parameter variation 在参数变化的情况下实现制动力最大化的鲁棒控制器
Jong-Hwan Choi, Jin-Kul Lee, Soon-yong Yang, Sung-Tae Park
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) in the passenger car is a safety device, which adds hydraulic system to the existing brake system to prevent wheel from locking, so we can obtain maximum braking force on driving. Each channel to control braking pressure in the hydraulic system consists of sol-flow type using solenoid valve and flow control valve or sol-sol type using two solenoid valve. In this paper, the channel is composed of one solenoid valve with high responsibility and 1/4 vehicle model is used. The parameters relative to braking force are friction coefficient between wheel and road surface and vehicle weight. On driving, it is impossible to directly measure friction coefficient and friction coefficient changes in some boundary in condition of the road surface. Also vehicle weight becomes different in terms of load. Consequently, robust controller is designed to maintain braking force at maximum even in the presence of parameter variation in some boundary.
ABS(防抱死制动系统)是乘用车中的一种安全装置,它在现有制动系统的基础上增加液压系统来防止车轮抱死,从而在行驶时获得最大的制动力。液压系统中控制制动压力的每个通道由使用溶胶-流型电磁阀和流量控制阀或使用溶胶-流型电磁阀两个组成。在本文中,通道由一个高责任电磁阀组成,采用1/4车模。与制动力相关的参数为车轮与路面的摩擦系数和车辆重量。在行驶中,在路面状况下,无法直接测量摩擦系数和摩擦系数在某一边界处的变化。此外,车辆重量在负载方面也有所不同。因此,鲁棒控制器被设计成即使在某些边界存在参数变化的情况下也能使制动力保持在最大值。
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引用次数: 0
A pilot study of volatile organic compound removal by photo catalytic oxidation 光催化氧化法去除挥发性有机化合物的中试研究
Byeong-Kyu Lee
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) could be precursors of atmospheric ozone and photochemical smog formation. In particular, chemical plants have produced a lot of VOCs and they have been forced to reduce or remove air emissions at on-site chemical facilities. For effective removal of VOCs produced in the chemical plants, the author employed a titanium oxide (noz) mediated photo catalytic oxidation method. It is required to initiate oxygen radicals for the photo catalytic oxidation of VOCs. The initiation methods employed in this study were Ultra-Violet (UV), Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP), and a combination of UV and NTP techniques. This study focused a comparison of the removal efficiencies of VOCs as a function of the initiation method such as NTP and/or UV techniques. Removal efficiency change of VOCs was investigated as a function of the wavelength of the UV lamp (254nm, 302nm, and 365nm) and the degree of TiOz coating (10% and 30%). In general, the removal efficiency by NTP technique was much better than the UV or the combination of UV and NTP techniques. In a capar i son of UV wavelengths employed, it is also realized that the shorter wavelength showed the better removal efficiency as compared with longer ones. In a comparison of removal efficiencies of VOCs according to the degree of TiOz coating, the higher TiOz coating showed the better removal efficiency than the lower TiOz coating. .
挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)可能是大气臭氧和光化学烟雾形成的前体。特别是,化工厂产生了大量的挥发性有机化合物,他们被迫减少或消除现场化学设施的空气排放。为了有效去除化工厂产生的VOCs,作者采用了氧化钛(noz)介导的光催化氧化法。光催化氧化VOCs需要引发氧自由基。本研究采用的引发方法有紫外线(UV)、非热等离子体(NTP)以及紫外线和NTP技术的结合。本研究的重点是比较挥发性有机化合物的去除效率作为启动方法(如NTP和/或UV技术)的函数。考察了紫外灯波长(254nm、302nm和365nm)和TiOz包覆度(10%和30%)对VOCs去除率的影响。总的来说,NTP技术的去除效率远高于紫外线或紫外线与NTP技术的结合。在对所用紫外波长的比较中,也认识到较短的波长比较长的波长具有更好的去除效率。通过对不同TiOz涂层对VOCs去除率的比较,发现较高TiOz涂层的去除率优于较低TiOz涂层。
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引用次数: 1
Method of solid dielectrics acoustic probing and its capabilities 固体介质声探测方法及其性能
S. Boev, K. Mikheev
The nondestructive method of electric field probing and polarization in solid dielectrics with acoustic pressure pulses has great possibilities and prospects in investigating the processes and mechanisms of charge transport and slow component of relaxation polarization, which is not displayed by measuring relative dielectric constant at alternating voltage. The experimental procedure and methods of processing the experimental results are being constantly improved. In this case the main problem is the separation of contributions made to the measured signal by space charge and polarization. The most informative way to realize this method is based on the reverse piezoelectric effect, which allows to register fast-running processes of changing the space charge and polarization with a resolution of tens of micrometers. The criteria elaborated allow to estimate the contribution of charge and polarization to the measured signal when probing polar and non-polar dielectrics. The results of the analysis have shown that probing the space charge allows to estimate the value of effective mobility for electrons and holes, and their field dependence, to determine the real value of specific volume electrical conductivity, to determine the contribution of excess and normal charge carriers to the processes of electric transport, and to test the condition of the electrode-sample contact of a dielectric.
利用声压脉冲对固体介质进行电场探测和极化的无损方法,在研究交流电压下相对介电常数所不能显示的电荷输运过程和机制以及弛豫极化的慢分量方面,具有很大的可能性和前景。实验程序和处理实验结果的方法也在不断改进。在这种情况下,主要问题是空间电荷和极化对测量信号的贡献的分离。实现这种方法的最有效的方法是基于反向压电效应,它允许以几十微米的分辨率记录空间电荷和极化变化的快速运行过程。所阐述的准则允许在探测极性和非极性电介质时估计电荷和极化对测量信号的贡献。分析结果表明,探测空间电荷可以估计电子和空穴的有效迁移率值及其场依赖关系,确定比容电导率的实际值,确定多余和正常载流子对电输运过程的贡献,并测试电介质的电极-样品接触状况。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal building of distributed information system for payphones control 公用电话控制分布式信息系统的优化构建
S.V. Korotikov
The paper is dedicated to problems and features of optimal design of the distributed information systems (DIS) for payphones network control. The principal architectures of possible building similar DIS, their main advantages and disadvantages are considered. The problems of workflow, allocation of the data and path of their solution of these problems are described. The example of real designed DIS for payphone network control is given.
本文研究了公用电话网络控制分布式信息系统优化设计的问题和特点。分析了可能建立的类似DIS的主要体系结构,以及它们的主要优缺点。阐述了工作流程、数据分配等问题以及解决这些问题的途径。给出了实际设计的用于付费电话网控制的DIS实例。
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引用次数: 2
Preparation of PANI/3-ABSA/GC modified electrodes and their reduction behaviour to Cu(II) PANI/3-ABSA/GC修饰电极的制备及其对Cu(II)的还原行为
K. Yoo, S. Woo
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of partly-fluorinated ethers: reaction of perfluoroalkoxyethylene or perfluorobenzene derevatives with various alcohols 部分氟化醚的合成:全氟烷氧乙烯或全氟苯衍生物与各种醇的反应
Ki-Whan Chi, G. G. Furin
Fluoroorganic compounds have attracted a great deal of interest due to their peculiar physical and biological properties. Accordingly, development of a synthetic method for the preparation of fluoroorganic compounds with typical characteristics has become an important issue in fluoroorganic chemistry.’ Perfluorinated trialkylamines and dialkyl ethers have been particularly focused on since they are characterized not only by low freezing points, high volatility, improved electrophysical and thermophysical characteristics but also by an excellent lubricating property .’ Moreover, some of perfluorinated organic compounds are also useful as an oxygen-canying liquid in biology and medi~ine.~ These fluoroogranic compounds have been prepared from hydrocarbon precursors either by electrochemical fluorination4 or by direct fluorinationS with Fz. Unfortunately, those synthetic methodologies provide only low yields of the desired products due to the occurrence of destructive products. On the other hand, fluorination with other chemicals usually requires hazardous and/or expensive fluorinating reagents. It is noteworthy, however, that perfluorination of partly-fluorinated starting materials gives better yields of the desired products because of the lower degree of the destruction process and the easiness of control of fl~orination.~” Moreover, several by-products obtained from polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoroepoxypropylene can be used as starting materials in the synthesis of more complex partly-fluorinated organic compounds,* For example, a,a,o-trihydroperfluorinated alcohols, H(CF2CF2),CH20H, n = 1-4, which are the by-products in the synthesis of polytetrafluoroethylene might be a good and cheap starting material for the synthesis of partly-fluorinated organic compound^.^^'^^^^ The fluorinated alcohols .have been applied to the reaction with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyreneMaH’2, decafluoroazobenzene/CsF l 3 or decafluoro-mdimethylbenzene/NaOH 4. In this paper we would like to publish a simple and convenient method for the synthesis of partlyfluorinated alkyl aryl ethers by using a polyfluorobenzene derivative (octafluorotoluene (1) or hexafluorobenzene (2)) and a,a,o-trihydroperfluorinated alcohols. The reaction of octafluorotoluene with a,cc,otrihydroperfluorinated alcohols, H(CF2CFz),CH20H, n = 1-4 in acetonitrile (or DMF) in the presence of an equimolar amount of KOH provides the fluorinated alkyl aryl ethers 3 8 (Scheme 1).
含氟有机化合物由于其特殊的物理和生物特性而引起了人们的极大兴趣。因此,开发具有典型特征的含氟有机化合物的合成方法已成为含氟有机化学的重要课题。“全氟化三烷基胺和二烷基醚受到特别关注,因为它们不仅具有冰点低、挥发性高、电物理和热物理特性得到改善,而且还具有优异的润滑性能。此外,一些全氟化有机化合物还可作为生物和医药领域的氧气罐液体。”这些含氟化合物是由碳氢化合物前体通过电化学氟化或用氟原子直接氟化制备的。不幸的是,由于破坏性产物的出现,这些合成方法只能提供所需产物的低产量。另一方面,用其他化学品进行氟化通常需要危险和/或昂贵的氟化试剂。但值得注意的是,对部分氟化起始原料进行全氟化处理,由于破坏程度较低,且易于控制氟化过程,可获得较好的产品产率。此外,从四氟乙烯或六氟环氧丙烷聚合中得到的几种副产物可作为合成更复杂的部分氟化有机化合物的起始原料,*例如,a、a、o-三氢全氟化醇,H(CF2CF2),CH20H, n = 1-4,这些是合成聚四氟乙烯的副产物,可能是合成部分氟化有机化合物的良好而廉价的起始原料^。^^'^^^^氟化醇已应用于与2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯乙烯,十氟偶氮苯/CsF 1 3或十氟-甲基二甲苯/NaOH 4的反应中。本文提出了一种以多氟苯衍生物(辛氟甲苯(1)或六氟苯(2))和a,a,o-三氢全氟醇为原料合成部分氟化烷基芳基醚的简便方法。在等摩尔量的KOH存在的乙腈(或DMF)中,辛氟甲苯与a、cc、三氢全氟化醇H(CF2CFz)、CH20H, n = 1-4反应,得到氟化烷基芳基醚38(方案1)。
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引用次数: 0
A study on the micro electric discharge grinding characteristics of WC-Co-relationship between surface integrity and dielectric conditions- wc微放电磨削特性研究-表面完整性与介电条件的关系
Tae-Hyun Jung, K. Park, W. Lee
In this paper, wire electric discharge grinding(WEDG) method for machining a micro shaft was introduced and the machining characteristics was investigated. From the experimental results, it was concluded that high surface integrity could be obtained by use of dielectric fluid spray method and small capacitive condenser. KeyW ords : Wire Electric Discharge Grinding, Micro Electric Discharge Machining, Dielectric Spray Method, Dielectric Stream Method
介绍了线切割磨削加工微轴的方法,并对其加工特性进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用介电流体喷雾法和小型电容式冷凝器可以获得较高的表面完整性。关键词:线材电火花磨削;微电火花加工;介电喷雾法
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引用次数: 3
Application of USM to micromachining by on-the-machine tool fabrication 超声电机在机床加工微加工中的应用
K. Egashira, T. Masuzawa, M. Fujino, Xi-Qing Sun
Most machining methods have difficulties in machining hard, brittle materials such as glass, ceramics, <.md silicon. Ultrasonic machining (USM) is a unique method from this point of view, because it easily machines these materials. However, US.M has a lilnitation in its application to micromachining because there moe problems in fixing microtools to the machine <.md maintaining high precision. In this paper we propose a technique of micro-USIvI by applying on-the-machine tool fabrication by wire electrodischm'ge glinding (WEDG). As a result, we were able to make microholes as small as 20}lm in diameter on a silicon plate. Additional expeliments revealed the possibility of wide application.
大多数加工方法在加工玻璃、陶瓷、陶瓷等硬脆材料时存在困难。md硅。从这个角度来看,超声波加工(USM)是一种独特的方法,因为它很容易加工这些材料。然而,我们。由于微型刀具在机床上的固定问题较多,因此M在微加工中的应用存在一定的局限性。Md保持高精度。本文提出了一种利用线切割在机床上加工微usivi的技术。结果,我们能够在硅板上制造直径只有20毫米的微孔。进一步的实验显示了广泛应用的可能性。
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引用次数: 35
期刊
Proceedings KORUS 2000. The 4th Korea-Russia International Symposium On Science and Technology
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