Pub Date : 2013-11-27DOI: 10.11634/216796061706426
S. Fernandez
The main idea of this study is the negotiation with China within the general framework of Colombia’s economic and social policy, and to explain the reasons why it makes sense to negotiate this treaty. It’s been argued in the FTA document, which is an efficient policy in its substance, and several economic fundamentals are presented in order to identify the opportunities and risks, and then the agreement would generate more profits for Colombia’s economy. This study will look at the feasibility of a FTA between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and Colombia. The formulated research question will explore the various advantages to the Colombian economy of such an agreement. This study begins with the theoretical framework of regional integration agreements and the classical rationale behind free trade. It is this understanding that motivates the one hundred and fifty plus, current agreements worldwide. This essay then tackles static and dynamic analysis of trade flows and high-level quantification of increased trade. Should Colombia engage in a regional trade agreement with China, if so, which specific industries are most sensitive to tariff reductions? Finally the study concludes with policy recommendations and a suggested asymmetry in FTA structure. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
{"title":"It Takes Two to Tango: Commercial Relation Beyond Of Bilateral Agreement, China and Colombia to Sign a Free Trade Agreement","authors":"S. Fernandez","doi":"10.11634/216796061706426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706426","url":null,"abstract":"The main idea of this study is the negotiation with China within the general framework of Colombia’s economic and social policy, and to explain the reasons why it makes sense to negotiate this treaty. It’s been argued in the FTA document, which is an efficient policy in its substance, and several economic fundamentals are presented in order to identify the opportunities and risks, and then the agreement would generate more profits for Colombia’s economy. This study will look at the feasibility of a FTA between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and Colombia. The formulated research question will explore the various advantages to the Colombian economy of such an agreement. This study begins with the theoretical framework of regional integration agreements and the classical rationale behind free trade. It is this understanding that motivates the one hundred and fifty plus, current agreements worldwide. This essay then tackles static and dynamic analysis of trade flows and high-level quantification of increased trade. Should Colombia engage in a regional trade agreement with China, if so, which specific industries are most sensitive to tariff reductions? Finally the study concludes with policy recommendations and a suggested asymmetry in FTA structure. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-top:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-right:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-left:0in; \u0000 line-height:107%; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126536305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-27DOI: 10.11634/216796061706463
A. Goksoy, O. Vayvay, Nilufer Ergeneli
In today’s highly dynamic business environment, organizations need to develop new competitive advantages to keep up with the speed of change in technology, customer demands and global competition. In this difficult task, organizations can benefit from innovation strategies and tools more than ever, as it helps companies to optimize their competing power by increasing their performance and efficiency. One strategically effective way to use innovation for a company is to apply it in warehouse management. Warehousing is becoming more and more a critical activity in companies. Competition and high customer demands force companies hold less inventory, react faster to market changes and lead times and costs. As a result, new automatic processes may increase productivity noticeably and become a source of competitive advantage for companies. In this study our aim is to illustrate the innovation strategies role in improving warehouse operation efficiency, enhancing the utilization of warehouse capacity, increasing inventory accuracy and reducing customer complains significantly by explaining the old and new processes of warehouse management in a global company. This study will help managers and practitioners to understand the role of innovation management tools in structuring warehouse management and how to gain a competitive advantage through successfully planned and implemented innovation strategies. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"Gaining Competitive Advantage through Innovation Strategies: An Application in Warehouse Management Processes","authors":"A. Goksoy, O. Vayvay, Nilufer Ergeneli","doi":"10.11634/216796061706463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706463","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s highly dynamic business environment, organizations need to develop new competitive advantages to keep up with the speed of change in technology, customer demands and global competition. In this difficult task, organizations can benefit from innovation strategies and tools more than ever, as it helps companies to optimize their competing power by increasing their performance and efficiency. One strategically effective way to use innovation for a company is to apply it in warehouse management. Warehousing is becoming more and more a critical activity in companies. Competition and high customer demands force companies hold less inventory, react faster to market changes and lead times and costs. As a result, new automatic processes may increase productivity noticeably and become a source of competitive advantage for companies. In this study our aim is to illustrate the innovation strategies role in improving warehouse operation efficiency, enhancing the utilization of warehouse capacity, increasing inventory accuracy and reducing customer complains significantly by explaining the old and new processes of warehouse management in a global company. This study will help managers and practitioners to understand the role of innovation management tools in structuring warehouse management and how to gain a competitive advantage through successfully planned and implemented innovation strategies. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121852382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-27DOI: 10.11634/216796061706407
Patricia C. Borstorff, Brent J. Cunningham
Today’s workforce is becoming more diversified in ethnicity, culture,language, and religion. Religion plays animportant role in the values people hold; however, many businesses would prefer religion not have a place in their workenvironment. Formost individuals work dominates a large part of their life and it isdifficult, if not impossible, to separate one’s religious beliefs from theworkplace. Organizations are asked towalk the fine line between these conflicting preferences by offering policieswhich accommodate religious beliefs while maintaining a productive, yet discrimination-free, atmosphere. Companies develop and disseminate discrimination andharassment policies to their employees, assuming they are protecting theiremployees’ religious beliefs and the companies’ welfare from employeelitigation and complaints. Weinvestigated the awareness and understanding of religious accommodationpolicies and the relationship to both employee retention and potentiallitigation. Companies not only need to be aware of the critical nature ofdelivering religious accommodation and discrimination policies to theiremployees, but also ensure corporate and employee understanding of thesepolicies. To not do so can result in both litigation and loss of employees.
{"title":"An Investigation of the Religious Accommodation Education Gap: Corporate and Workforce Misconceptions and Ignorance Abound","authors":"Patricia C. Borstorff, Brent J. Cunningham","doi":"10.11634/216796061706407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706407","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s workforce is becoming more diversified in ethnicity, culture,language, and religion. Religion plays animportant role in the values people hold; however, many businesses would prefer religion not have a place in their workenvironment. Formost individuals work dominates a large part of their life and it isdifficult, if not impossible, to separate one’s religious beliefs from theworkplace. Organizations are asked towalk the fine line between these conflicting preferences by offering policieswhich accommodate religious beliefs while maintaining a productive, yet discrimination-free, atmosphere. Companies develop and disseminate discrimination andharassment policies to their employees, assuming they are protecting theiremployees’ religious beliefs and the companies’ welfare from employeelitigation and complaints. Weinvestigated the awareness and understanding of religious accommodationpolicies and the relationship to both employee retention and potentiallitigation. Companies not only need to be aware of the critical nature ofdelivering religious accommodation and discrimination policies to theiremployees, but also ensure corporate and employee understanding of thesepolicies. To not do so can result in both litigation and loss of employees.","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134421670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-03DOI: 10.11634/216796061706395
W. Ani, D. O. Ugwunta, O. Okanya
The peculiarity of the Nigerian economy makes exchange rate management critical to the overall wellbeing of the economy. In particular, Nigeria’s mono-economy with its very high dependence on commodities export and high penchant for imported goods exposes the economy to the vagaries of the international foreign exchange market. Nigeria has witnessed about fifteen distinct foreign exchange reform episodes from 1962 to date with mixed outcomes on the economy of the nation in general and financial depth in particular. This paper therefore evaluates the overall effect of foreign exchange reforms on the financial depth of the Nigerian economy over a twenty –nine year period. The explanatory variables were developed and selected in line with theoretical framework. Having certified that the time series are free of unit root, OLS regressions were applied to the data to determine the overall effect of foreign exchange reforms on the financial depth of the economy. Findings of the resulting times series analysis shed considerable light on the degree, dimension and direction of the determinants of financial depth. First the ratio of FDI to GDP, ratio of market capitalization of listed equities to GDP and real interest rate have positive relationship with financial deepening while exchange rate has a negative relationship with financial deepening. Secondly, among the determinants of financial depth only the ratio of GDP to real interest rates posted a significant relationship with foreign exchange. Overall, the evidence from the non-spurious regression results suggest that foreign exchange reforms in Nigeria have not had the desired positive effect on the depth of the Nigerian financial sector. The paper therefore recommends strong diversification of the Nigerian economy away from the mono-economy and its peculiarities into other non-oil sectors so as to enhance commodities export and reap the benefits of stable exchange rate. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"The Effect of Foreign Exchange Reforms on Financial Deepening: Evidence from Nigeria","authors":"W. Ani, D. O. Ugwunta, O. Okanya","doi":"10.11634/216796061706395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706395","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarity of the Nigerian economy makes exchange rate management critical to the overall wellbeing of the economy. In particular, Nigeria’s mono-economy with its very high dependence on commodities export and high penchant for imported goods exposes the economy to the vagaries of the international foreign exchange market. Nigeria has witnessed about fifteen distinct foreign exchange reform episodes from 1962 to date with mixed outcomes on the economy of the nation in general and financial depth in particular. This paper therefore evaluates the overall effect of foreign exchange reforms on the financial depth of the Nigerian economy over a twenty –nine year period. The explanatory variables were developed and selected in line with theoretical framework. Having certified that the time series are free of unit root, OLS regressions were applied to the data to determine the overall effect of foreign exchange reforms on the financial depth of the economy. Findings of the resulting times series analysis shed considerable light on the degree, dimension and direction of the determinants of financial depth. First the ratio of FDI to GDP, ratio of market capitalization of listed equities to GDP and real interest rate have positive relationship with financial deepening while exchange rate has a negative relationship with financial deepening. Secondly, among the determinants of financial depth only the ratio of GDP to real interest rates posted a significant relationship with foreign exchange. Overall, the evidence from the non-spurious regression results suggest that foreign exchange reforms in Nigeria have not had the desired positive effect on the depth of the Nigerian financial sector. The paper therefore recommends strong diversification of the Nigerian economy away from the mono-economy and its peculiarities into other non-oil sectors so as to enhance commodities export and reap the benefits of stable exchange rate. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132011753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-03DOI: 10.11634/216796061706415
Olanrewaju Makinde Hassan
This paper dwells on the inevitability of multinational corporations in the sustainable development of developing economies, using Nigeria as a case study. Over the years and with the advent of globalization, multi-national corporations now move with ease across the world to economy of interest, most often times to developing economies. Obviously speaking and considering the huge amount and the technicalities involve in setting up these multi-nationals, it is obvious that the developing economies cannot do without them. The study made use of secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics between 1970 and 2011. The model for the study has as its dependent variable the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its explanatory variables were Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Nigeria. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple regression techniques; our study revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign Direct Investment (FDI). That is, the presence of FDIs has greatly impacted positively and significantly on the Nigerian economy given the period of study. This is true to apriori and theoretical propositions. The study, therefore recommended that efforts should be geared towards creating an enabling environment for FDI to thrive in the economy. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
{"title":"The Inevitability of Multinational Corporations towards Achieving Sustainable Development in Developing Economies: A Case Study of the Nigerian Economy","authors":"Olanrewaju Makinde Hassan","doi":"10.11634/216796061706415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706415","url":null,"abstract":"This paper dwells on the inevitability of multinational corporations in the sustainable development of developing economies, using Nigeria as a case study. Over the years and with the advent of globalization, multi-national corporations now move with ease across the world to economy of interest, most often times to developing economies. Obviously speaking and considering the huge amount and the technicalities involve in setting up these multi-nationals, it is obvious that the developing economies cannot do without them. The study made use of secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics between 1970 and 2011. The model for the study has as its dependent variable the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its explanatory variables were Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Nigeria. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple regression techniques; our study revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign Direct Investment (FDI). That is, the presence of FDIs has greatly impacted positively and significantly on the Nigerian economy given the period of study. This is true to apriori and theoretical propositions. The study, therefore recommended that efforts should be geared towards creating an enabling environment for FDI to thrive in the economy. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 text-align:justify; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"11 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134446798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-03DOI: 10.11634/216796061706396
Ola Adebayo BTech
The need for entrepreneurship education started towards the end of 19th century and gained increased recognition in the closing decades of the 20th century among economists as a significant driver of improvement in societal welfare. The study was intended to assist the Universities and the authority concerned in the development, drafting, and implementing innovative models for new curriculum for historically underserved Nigerian University undergraduates. The work provides extensive data using NYSC corps members as respondents, covering seven states NYSC secretariats. The data for the work was generated, employing the instruments of questionnaire (field survey) method and was able to determine the standard and quality of the current University curriculum, also its capability and limitations in the area of entrepreneurship programme. Analysis was made based on primary data collected from all seven states that were represented by the coverage areas. The results of the research as analysed was presented and the significance of the results tested according to the objectives of the research. The paper looks at the course specialization, and level of education and disciplines attained by the corps members in order to be able to see why it is difficult for graduates to secure jobs. The work was carried out to highlight the gap between the theory and the skills with technical and professional training that is missing in our university curriculum. Conclusion was drawn based on the research findings and recommendation that were appropriate being put forward to the authority concerned. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
{"title":"Determination of Skills Acquisition and Professional Knowledge Acquired by Nigerian Graduates through the Current University Curriculum","authors":"Ola Adebayo BTech","doi":"10.11634/216796061706396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706396","url":null,"abstract":"The need for entrepreneurship education started towards the end of 19th century and gained increased recognition in the closing decades of the 20th century among economists as a significant driver of improvement in societal welfare. The study was intended to assist the Universities and the authority concerned in the development, drafting, and implementing innovative models for new curriculum for historically underserved Nigerian University undergraduates. The work provides extensive data using NYSC corps members as respondents, covering seven states NYSC secretariats. The data for the work was generated, employing the instruments of questionnaire (field survey) method and was able to determine the standard and quality of the current University curriculum, also its capability and limitations in the area of entrepreneurship programme. Analysis was made based on primary data collected from all seven states that were represented by the coverage areas. The results of the research as analysed was presented and the significance of the results tested according to the objectives of the research. The paper looks at the course specialization, and level of education and disciplines attained by the corps members in order to be able to see why it is difficult for graduates to secure jobs. The work was carried out to highlight the gap between the theory and the skills with technical and professional training that is missing in our university curriculum. Conclusion was drawn based on the research findings and recommendation that were appropriate being put forward to the authority concerned. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 text-align:justify; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122443551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-03DOI: 10.11634/216796061706394
N. Ibok
Celebrity endorsement in product advertisements has acquired increasing importance in recent years within the Nigerian telecommunication industry where they are regarded as significant components of almost all advertisements. However, their effectiveness has not been sufficiently measured from the consumer’s perspective. This study empirically examines factors which are critical to celebrities’ effectiveness within the context of the Nigerian telecommunication industry. A survey of 120 consumers was conducted and the results indicated that perceived expertise and credibility were the two most important factors determining celebrities’ effectiveness. Other factors were trustworthiness and attractiveness. Based on these results, we concluded that celebrity’s public image should be taken very seriously when adopting celebrities in product advertisement. The study concludes with an agenda for future research. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
{"title":"Factors Determining the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsed Advertisements: The Case of Nigerian Telecommunication Industry","authors":"N. Ibok","doi":"10.11634/216796061706394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706394","url":null,"abstract":"Celebrity endorsement in product advertisements has acquired increasing importance in recent years within the Nigerian telecommunication industry where they are regarded as significant components of almost all advertisements. However, their effectiveness has not been sufficiently measured from the consumer’s perspective. This study empirically examines factors which are critical to celebrities’ effectiveness within the context of the Nigerian telecommunication industry. A survey of 120 consumers was conducted and the results indicated that perceived expertise and credibility were the two most important factors determining celebrities’ effectiveness. Other factors were trustworthiness and attractiveness. Based on these results, we concluded that celebrity’s public image should be taken very seriously when adopting celebrities in product advertisement. The study concludes with an agenda for future research. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 text-align:justify; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134227772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-03DOI: 10.11634/216796061706397
Wadie Nasri, M. Zarai
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to understand Competitive Intelligence (CI) and report the process that is commonly used to create and maintain a CI program in organizations. And second, to provide key success factors in developing a functional intelligence program for an organization. The paper presents a review of the literature on CI process to collect and analyze competitive information within organizations in order to identify key success factors in developing a functional intelligence program for an organization. Five success factors can be defined as an item related to CI process: management support and understanding, focus and CI effort, location of CI function, CI personal, and product. The paper provides executive decision makers and strategic managers a better understanding of what CI process and appropriate to the decisions they must to develop a functional intelligence program for an organization. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
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Pub Date : 2013-08-31DOI: 10.11634/216796061706341
O. Akabogu
This paper focused on the lacuna that may be extant in the non-application of brand loyalty theories to study consumers’ loyalty to beer in parts of Nigeria. The study operationalized a behavioral construct of brand loyalty theory, the ‘brand-choice sequences’ theory, to measure consumers’ loyalty to five brands of beer, namely, Harp, Star, Heineken, Gulder, Hero, and Guinness Stout in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Using the survey method, a convenience sample of 200 beer consumers in selected socioeconomic and demographic segments was used for the study. Data from the survey were computer-analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA models. The results from the study indicated that, generally, significant undivided loyalty does not exist among the beer consumers and across the beer brands in the study. There are, however, significant variations in brand loyalties across the socioeconomic and demographic segments. The study recommends that for academics and pedagogy in brand loyalty, future empirical studies on brand loyalty should consider, conjointly, attitudinal and behavioral approaches to measure brand loyalty, in order to further test the efficacy and convergence of behavioral and attitudinal theories on brand loyalty. The study further recommends that marketing practitioners will need innovative promotional strategies, targeted at consumer segments, to cultivate undivided brand loyalty towards beer brands. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
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Pub Date : 2013-08-31DOI: 10.11634/216796061706370
Abdel-Aziz Ahmad Sharabati, A. Radi, A. N. Nour, Abdel Bari Durra, Kamel M. Moghrabi
This study aims at investigating the influence of Intellectual Capital (IC) on Jordanian Tourism (JT) organizations’ Business Performance (BP). To approach the aim of the study, practical data were used in the empirical analysis collected from 205 managers (organizations) out of 490 managers (organizations), by means of a questionnaire. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA test, correlation, multiple regressions and stepwise regression were employed. To confirm the suitability of data collection instrument, a Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach’s Alpha and Factor Analysis were used. The results of the study indicated a positive significant relationship between IC and JT organizations’ BP. However, the RC indicators were the most important indicators to distinguish the organizations from one another, followed by HC, while still they have a lot of work to improve SC. The empirical analysis showed that only RC and HC affect JT organizations' BP, while SC did not show any significant effect on JT organizations' BP. Furthermore, empirical results indicated that there are strong inter-relationships and interactions among the three components of IC with each others. The use of a single industry study design limits its generalisability to other industries. The data is also limited to Jordanian organizations; therefore, generalizing results of a Jordanian setting to other countries may be questionable. Extending the analyses to other settings represent future research opportunities. The data suggest that a similar set of IC indicators could be developed for other organizations and industries whether government, public or private, profitable or non-profitable organizations.
{"title":"The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Jordanian Tourism Sector's Business Performance","authors":"Abdel-Aziz Ahmad Sharabati, A. Radi, A. N. Nour, Abdel Bari Durra, Kamel M. Moghrabi","doi":"10.11634/216796061706370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706370","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at investigating the influence of Intellectual Capital (IC) on Jordanian Tourism (JT) organizations’ Business Performance (BP). To approach the aim of the study, practical data were used in the empirical analysis collected from 205 managers (organizations) out of 490 managers (organizations), by means of a questionnaire. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA test, correlation, multiple regressions and stepwise regression were employed. To confirm the suitability of data collection instrument, a Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach’s Alpha and Factor Analysis were used. The results of the study indicated a positive significant relationship between IC and JT organizations’ BP. However, the RC indicators were the most important indicators to distinguish the organizations from one another, followed by HC, while still they have a lot of work to improve SC. The empirical analysis showed that only RC and HC affect JT organizations' BP, while SC did not show any significant effect on JT organizations' BP. Furthermore, empirical results indicated that there are strong inter-relationships and interactions among the three components of IC with each others. The use of a single industry study design limits its generalisability to other industries. The data is also limited to Jordanian organizations; therefore, generalizing results of a Jordanian setting to other countries may be questionable. Extending the analyses to other settings represent future research opportunities. The data suggest that a similar set of IC indicators could be developed for other organizations and industries whether government, public or private, profitable or non-profitable organizations.","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132555059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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