Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108525
Abdessamad Gueddari-Aourir , Carlos Alonso-Moreno , José Fernando Valera-Jiménez , Jesús Canales-Vázquez , Santiago García-Yuste
This study presents a novel approach for the capture of high-purity biogenic CO2 to synthesise sodium carbonate from concentrated NaOH solutions (up to 50 wt%), which has not been previously reported and supported with experimental evidence before. This strategy enables the direct processing of high-purity CO2 (>95 %) from concentrated biogenic sources, such as those in fermentative industries. A customised gas-liquid mixing reactor overcomes viscosity and precipitation challenges, allowing 97.5 % CO2 capture efficiency and mass transfer coefficients up to 16.13 ± 0.30 mm/s (n = 3), significantly exceeding conventional NaOH-based systems. The optimised hydrodynamic conditions and thermal enhancement occurred in the 88–91 °C temperature range, leading to the production of Na2CO3 with 99.95 % purity that meets commercial dense soda standards, with water as the only by-product. Applied to fermentative industry, this process offers a new pathway towards a greener sodium carbonate production, eliminating CaCl2 waste, and leading to the mitigation of up to −8.54 Mt CO2/year.
{"title":"Efficient, pure, and fast synthesis of Na2CO3 under mild conditions from concentrated biogenic CO2 sources using 50 wt% NaOH","authors":"Abdessamad Gueddari-Aourir , Carlos Alonso-Moreno , José Fernando Valera-Jiménez , Jesús Canales-Vázquez , Santiago García-Yuste","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach for the capture of high-purity <em>biogenic</em> CO<sub>2</sub> to synthesise sodium carbonate from concentrated NaOH solutions (up to 50 wt%), which has not been previously reported and supported with experimental evidence before. This strategy enables the direct processing of high-purity CO<sub>2</sub> (>95 %) from concentrated <em>biogenic</em> sources, such as those in fermentative industries. A customised gas-liquid mixing reactor overcomes viscosity and precipitation challenges, allowing 97.5 % CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency and mass transfer coefficients up to 16.13 ± 0.30 mm/s (n = 3), significantly exceeding conventional NaOH-based systems. The optimised hydrodynamic conditions and thermal enhancement occurred in the 88–91 °C temperature range, leading to the production of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> with 99.95 % purity that meets commercial dense soda standards, with water as the only by-product. Applied to fermentative industry, this process offers a new pathway towards a greener sodium carbonate production, eliminating CaCl<sub>2</sub> waste, and leading to the mitigation of up to −8.54 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>/year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108525"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108546
Qingguo Zhang , Yongde Yan , Yanghai Zheng , Guanqing Hu , Jialu Liu , Yun Xue , Shengrong Guo , Renyan Xie , Liupeng Hua , Jingping Wang
Molten salt oxidation (MSO) is a promising technology for treating sulfur-containing organic waste such as cation exchange resin (CER), but achieving complete sulfur retention remains a critical challenge. Although adding oxide modifiers is a known strategy, their precise enhancement mechanism has been unclear, hindering the rational selection of optimal additives. The primary innovation stems from a thermodynamic analysis that first revealed a key discrepancy: the performance enhancement from oxide modifiers cannot be explained by SO2 capture, as the base carbonate salt is already highly effective. This finding redirected the investigation, leading to the identification of H2S capture from oxygen-deficient zones as the critical and previously overlooked mechanism for improving sulfur retention. This new framework identifies earth-abundant and non-toxic Fe2O3 as the superior modifier. Experiments confirm that its addition increases the overall acid gas neutralization efficiency from 81.32 % to a leading 92.19 % without introducing secondary safety hazards. This enhanced performance is primarily attributed to the superior H2S capture capability of Fe2O3, with further mechanistic analyses revealing that it also induces a more intense exothermic oxidation and alters the decomposition of the CER to a layered exfoliation pathway. Crucially, the captured sulfur is chemically immobilized within the spent salt, effectively preventing secondary airborne pollution and confining the contaminants to a stable solid phase for safe final disposal. Furthermore, the resulting spent salt is identified as an ideal precursor for iron phosphate glass vitrification, transforming waste byproducts into functional assets for enhanced radionuclide stabilization and volume minimization. These findings establish a thermodynamics-guided engineering approach, replacing extensive experimental screening and providing a practical strategy for the safe and efficient disposal of sulfur-containing organic waste.
{"title":"Mitigating the hidden H2S hazard in molten salt oxidation of waste resins: A thermodynamics-guided carbonate modification strategy","authors":"Qingguo Zhang , Yongde Yan , Yanghai Zheng , Guanqing Hu , Jialu Liu , Yun Xue , Shengrong Guo , Renyan Xie , Liupeng Hua , Jingping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molten salt oxidation (MSO) is a promising technology for treating sulfur-containing organic waste such as cation exchange resin (CER), but achieving complete sulfur retention remains a critical challenge. Although adding oxide modifiers is a known strategy, their precise enhancement mechanism has been unclear, hindering the rational selection of optimal additives. The primary innovation stems from a thermodynamic analysis that first revealed a key discrepancy: the performance enhancement from oxide modifiers cannot be explained by SO<sub>2</sub> capture, as the base carbonate salt is already highly effective. This finding redirected the investigation, leading to the identification of H<sub>2</sub>S capture from oxygen-deficient zones as the critical and previously overlooked mechanism for improving sulfur retention. This new framework identifies earth-abundant and non-toxic Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the superior modifier. Experiments confirm that its addition increases the overall acid gas neutralization efficiency from 81.32 % to a leading 92.19 % without introducing secondary safety hazards. This enhanced performance is primarily attributed to the superior H<sub>2</sub>S capture capability of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with further mechanistic analyses revealing that it also induces a more intense exothermic oxidation and alters the decomposition of the CER to a layered exfoliation pathway. Crucially, the captured sulfur is chemically immobilized within the spent salt, effectively preventing secondary airborne pollution and confining the contaminants to a stable solid phase for safe final disposal. Furthermore, the resulting spent salt is identified as an ideal precursor for iron phosphate glass vitrification, transforming waste byproducts into functional assets for enhanced radionuclide stabilization and volume minimization. These findings establish a thermodynamics-guided engineering approach, replacing extensive experimental screening and providing a practical strategy for the safe and efficient disposal of sulfur-containing organic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108546"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108544
Ben Xu, Zhenmin Luo, Yong Yang, Wei He
Using existing pipelines to transport hydrogen-blended natural gas is an efficient and cost-effective approach. Nevertheless, the mixture of hydrogen and natural gas may increase the risk of leakage and associated hazards. For gas terminal stations such as gate stations and compressor stations, which are usually located near residential areas, it is necessary to implement leakage detection from outdoor pipelines to ensure the safety of the pipeline transportation system. Acoustic signal-based natural gas pipeline leakage detection is considered one of the most effective and cost-efficient methods available today. However, most existing acoustic signal extraction techniques rely on a single domain, which can lead to information loss in complex environments. To address this, this paper proposes a new framework for HBNG leakage detection, combining multi-domain acoustic feature extraction methods with deep learning algorithms. By extracting and combining frequency-domain, time-domain, and statistical features of leakage sounds, and after preprocessing, a lightweight convolutional neural network with the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is introduced to capture both global and local features of the signals in real-time, while ensuring high accuracy and a low parameter count for the model. Finally, the effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed method were validated on a dataset of HBNG natural gas and nitrogen gas leaks constructed in this study, and a comparison with other detection methods was conducted. The results showed that the accuracy of this method reached 97.58 %, with good robustness.
{"title":"Hydrogen blended natural gas pipeline leakage detection method based on deep learning and multi-domain acoustic features","authors":"Ben Xu, Zhenmin Luo, Yong Yang, Wei He","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using existing pipelines to transport hydrogen-blended natural gas is an efficient and cost-effective approach. Nevertheless, the mixture of hydrogen and natural gas may increase the risk of leakage and associated hazards. For gas terminal stations such as gate stations and compressor stations, which are usually located near residential areas, it is necessary to implement leakage detection from outdoor pipelines to ensure the safety of the pipeline transportation system. Acoustic signal-based natural gas pipeline leakage detection is considered one of the most effective and cost-efficient methods available today. However, most existing acoustic signal extraction techniques rely on a single domain, which can lead to information loss in complex environments. To address this, this paper proposes a new framework for HBNG leakage detection, combining multi-domain acoustic feature extraction methods with deep learning algorithms. By extracting and combining frequency-domain, time-domain, and statistical features of leakage sounds, and after preprocessing, a lightweight convolutional neural network with the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is introduced to capture both global and local features of the signals in real-time, while ensuring high accuracy and a low parameter count for the model. Finally, the effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed method were validated on a dataset of HBNG natural gas and nitrogen gas leaks constructed in this study, and a comparison with other detection methods was conducted. The results showed that the accuracy of this method reached 97.58 %, with good robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 108544"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108548
Hongping He , Yong Cheng , Linhua Jiang , Youcai Zhao , Dongjie Niu , Xunchang Fei , Rong Zhang , Shijin Dai
Thermo-chemical conversion (TCC) is an effective strategy in the detoxification of waste salt (WS) containing hazardous organics, which can be enhanced by molten salt, e.g., molten NaOH-KOH. However, the microscopic process remains largely unclear. With the WS collecting from a pesticide enterprise, this study comprehensively investigated the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors based on TG and FTIR. Particularly, molten NaOH-KOH mediation was explored. The results showed that combustion appeared to be more advantageous than pyrolysis for WS detoxification. Moreover, attributing to the enhanced heat transfer and catalytic activity of molten NaOH-KOH, the detoxification was promoted, manifested as a decrease in the peaked temperature of organic reactions (from 192 ℃ to 147 ℃). In addition, the emissions of CxHy, CO, and SO2 decreased by 55.4 %, 88.2 %, and 74.1 %, respectively, due to the trapping effect by molten NaOH-KOH. Afterwards, continuous operation was conducted, and the results showed that the total organic carbon of the treated WS reduced evidently by 75.9 %, indicating stable and satisfactory performance. This study is of significance for understanding the WS transformation during TCC, especially when the molten salt is involved. The effective suppression of gas emissions under controlled conditions and the stable performance during continuous operation demonstrate the potential of this process for large-scale applications in the future.
{"title":"Molten NaOH-KOH assisted thermo-chemical detoxification of waste salt containing hazardous organics","authors":"Hongping He , Yong Cheng , Linhua Jiang , Youcai Zhao , Dongjie Niu , Xunchang Fei , Rong Zhang , Shijin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermo-chemical conversion (TCC) is an effective strategy in the detoxification of waste salt (WS) containing hazardous organics, which can be enhanced by molten salt, e.g., molten NaOH-KOH. However, the microscopic process remains largely unclear. With the WS collecting from a pesticide enterprise, this study comprehensively investigated the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors based on TG and FTIR. Particularly, molten NaOH-KOH mediation was explored. The results showed that combustion appeared to be more advantageous than pyrolysis for WS detoxification. Moreover, attributing to the enhanced heat transfer and catalytic activity of molten NaOH-KOH, the detoxification was promoted, manifested as a decrease in the peaked temperature of organic reactions (from 192 ℃ to 147 ℃). In addition, the emissions of C<sub><em>x</em></sub>H<sub><em>y</em></sub>, CO, and SO<sub>2</sub> decreased by 55.4 %, 88.2 %, and 74.1 %, respectively, due to the trapping effect by molten NaOH-KOH. Afterwards, continuous operation was conducted, and the results showed that the total organic carbon of the treated WS reduced evidently by 75.9 %, indicating stable and satisfactory performance. This study is of significance for understanding the WS transformation during TCC, especially when the molten salt is involved. The effective suppression of gas emissions under controlled conditions and the stable performance during continuous operation demonstrate the potential of this process for large-scale applications in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108548"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108547
Tao Zhang , Fupeng Liu , Huagen Chen , Chaoyong Deng , Chunfa Liao , Feixiong Chen , Jie Wang , Lei Liu
Lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass, primarily composed of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and Li₂O, is mainly sourced from discarded mobile phone screens. Its highly stable chemical nature poses challenges such as difficult disposal and low recovery efficiency. This study introduces an innovative integrated process that combines H2SO4 baking -induced Li phase transformation with low-energy Li extraction, enabling and directional Li recovery. The process involved transforming the highly stable Li-phase in LAS into soluble Li₂SO₄ via H2SO4 maturation, followed by water leaching, achieving a remarkable Li leaching efficiency of 98.23 %. Kinetic analysis based on the shrinking-core model demonstrated that Li extraction during maturation was governed by internal diffusion mechanisms. The effectiveness of various precipitants was systematically evaluated to address the Al–Li separation challenge in the leachate. The experimental results showed that well-crystallized Al(OH)3 particles was precipitated with an efficiency of over 99.8 % under optimized conditions (pH=5.0) using NaHCO₃ as the precipitant. This approach significantly reduced Li coprecipitation loss from 42.93 % (conventional NaOH method) to only 4.02 %. After Al removal, a facile process involving HBL121 solvent extraction and H₂SO₄ stripping enriched Li effectively and selectively, enabling the direct preparation of Li2CO3 after adjusting the solution pH to alkaline conditions. This process, which integrates H2SO4 maturation with low-energy lithium extraction, offers significant potential for industrial applications in the recovery of Li from LAS glass.
{"title":"Separation and recovery of lithium from waste lithium aluminosilicate glass using sulfate transformation followed by low-energy consumption lithium enrichment process","authors":"Tao Zhang , Fupeng Liu , Huagen Chen , Chaoyong Deng , Chunfa Liao , Feixiong Chen , Jie Wang , Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass, primarily composed of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and Li₂O, is mainly sourced from discarded mobile phone screens. Its highly stable chemical nature poses challenges such as difficult disposal and low recovery efficiency. This study introduces an innovative integrated process that combines H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> baking -induced Li phase transformation with low-energy Li extraction, enabling and directional Li recovery. The process involved transforming the highly stable Li-phase in LAS into soluble Li₂SO₄ via H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> maturation, followed by water leaching, achieving a remarkable Li leaching efficiency of 98.23 %. Kinetic analysis based on the shrinking-core model demonstrated that Li extraction during maturation was governed by internal diffusion mechanisms. The effectiveness of various precipitants was systematically evaluated to address the Al–Li separation challenge in the leachate. The experimental results showed that well-crystallized Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> particles was precipitated with an efficiency of over 99.8 % under optimized conditions (pH=5.0) using NaHCO₃ as the precipitant. This approach significantly reduced Li coprecipitation loss from 42.93 % (conventional NaOH method) to only 4.02 %. After Al removal, a facile process involving HBL121 solvent extraction and H₂SO₄ stripping enriched Li effectively and selectively, enabling the direct preparation of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> after adjusting the solution pH to alkaline conditions. This process, which integrates H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> maturation with low-energy lithium extraction, offers significant potential for industrial applications in the recovery of Li from LAS glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108547"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108549
Gang Zhou, Xin Jiang, Yanan Miao, Qi Wang, Zhen Liu, Ming Li, Gang Li
{"title":"Preparation and wetting mechanism of coal seam composite fracturing fluid modified with κ-carrageenan based on red algae extract","authors":"Gang Zhou, Xin Jiang, Yanan Miao, Qi Wang, Zhen Liu, Ming Li, Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.108549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108507
Afef Sai , Sonia Ben Younes , Younes Moussaoui , Assaad Sila , Ali Ellafi , Mohamed Ali Borgi
This study provides a detailed assessment of bioengineered chitosan as an eco-friendly adsorbent for multi-metal-contaminated industrial wastewater, integrating physicochemical characterization, mechanistic analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling. The chitosan displayed a high degree of deacetylation (85 %), mesoporosity (12.4 nm), and a point of zero charge (pHpzc = 6.4), enhancing metal chelation and electrostatic adsorption. Effluent from the Gafsa-Metlaoui phosphate washing plant presented elevated concentrations of Cd²⁺ (26.5 mg L⁻¹), Pb²⁺ (13.7 mg L⁻¹), and Mo⁶⁺ (55.8 mg L⁻¹), surpassing regulatory thresholds. Batch experiments achieved maximum removal efficiencies of 90 ± 0.1 % for Pb, 85 ± 0.9 % for Cd, 75 ± 0.2 % for Cu, and 70 ± 0.4 % for Zn under optimized parameters (pH 6.5, 120 mg, 180 min). Four machine learning models (RF, GBM, SVM, and ANN) trained on experimental datasets further predicted adsorption performance, with Random Forest achieving the highest accuracy (R² = 0.954; RMSE = 0.53). Three-dimensional response surface analysis highlighted the critical impact and synergistic effects of operational conditions (pH, contact time, sorbent mass) on adsorption efficiency and identified optimal zones for different metals. Metal-specific adsorption dynamics were systematically correlated with physicochemical descriptors (polarizability, charge density, hydration energy, and redox potential), providing mechanistic insight into selective metal chelation and validating Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory. This study uniquely integrates metal descriptor-driven mechanistic understanding with AI-guided optimization and operational parameter analysis, underscoring chitosan’s efficiency as a multi-metal sorbent and providing a practical approach for designing advanced, scalable wastewater treatment strategies.
{"title":"AI-guided mechanistic insights and optimization of heavy metal removal from industrial effluents using bioengineered chitosan","authors":"Afef Sai , Sonia Ben Younes , Younes Moussaoui , Assaad Sila , Ali Ellafi , Mohamed Ali Borgi","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a detailed assessment of bioengineered chitosan as an eco-friendly adsorbent for multi-metal-contaminated industrial wastewater, integrating physicochemical characterization, mechanistic analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling. The chitosan displayed a high degree of deacetylation (85 %), mesoporosity (12.4 nm), and a point of zero charge (pHpzc = 6.4), enhancing metal chelation and electrostatic adsorption. Effluent from the Gafsa-Metlaoui phosphate washing plant presented elevated concentrations of Cd²⁺ (26.5 mg L⁻¹), Pb²⁺ (13.7 mg L⁻¹), and Mo⁶⁺ (55.8 mg L⁻¹), surpassing regulatory thresholds. Batch experiments achieved maximum removal efficiencies of 90 ± 0.1 % for Pb, 85 ± 0.9 % for Cd, 75 ± 0.2 % for Cu, and 70 ± 0.4 % for Zn under optimized parameters (pH 6.5, 120 mg, 180 min). Four machine learning models (RF, GBM, SVM, and ANN) trained on experimental datasets further predicted adsorption performance, with Random Forest achieving the highest accuracy (R² = 0.954; RMSE = 0.53). Three-dimensional response surface analysis highlighted the critical impact and synergistic effects of operational conditions (pH, contact time, sorbent mass) on adsorption efficiency and identified optimal zones for different metals. Metal-specific adsorption dynamics were systematically correlated with physicochemical descriptors (polarizability, charge density, hydration energy, and redox potential), providing mechanistic insight into selective metal chelation and validating Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory. This study uniquely integrates metal descriptor-driven mechanistic understanding with AI-guided optimization and operational parameter analysis, underscoring chitosan’s efficiency as a multi-metal sorbent and providing a practical approach for designing advanced, scalable wastewater treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 108507"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108538
Qiang Liu, Zhuangzhuang Xu, Guogang Yang, Han Sun, Shuyao Zhang
In the pipeline, ventilation, and storage systems, pipe structures with curved geometries may unexpectedly act as explosion risk amplifiers. Based on large Eddy Simulation (LES), this study conducted a numerical simulation of the explosion characteristics of hydrogen/air mixtures in wavy pipelines, focusing on analyzing the effects of waveform parameters (amplitude A and wavelength B) and hydrogen equivalence ratio on flame propagation dynamics. The results indicate that the wavy structure significantly promotes flame acceleration and instability by enhancing the interaction between pressure waves and the flame front through increased pressure wave reflection frequency, thereby inducing the formation of special structures such as asymmetric tulip flames. Increased amplitude accelerates flame propagation but leads to incomplete combustion; wavelength variations also affect explosion intensity, with the highest explosion hazard occurring at wavelength B= 0.5. An increase in the hydrogen equivalent ratio further intensifies flame velocity and explosion intensity. This study reveals the mechanism by which the coupling of pipeline structure and fuel concentration accelerates flame propagation, providing theoretical support for hydrogen energy safety protection.
{"title":"Study on the explosion characteristics of premixed hydrogen/air mixtures in a wavy confined pipe","authors":"Qiang Liu, Zhuangzhuang Xu, Guogang Yang, Han Sun, Shuyao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pipeline, ventilation, and storage systems, pipe structures with curved geometries may unexpectedly act as explosion risk amplifiers. Based on large Eddy Simulation (LES), this study conducted a numerical simulation of the explosion characteristics of hydrogen/air mixtures in wavy pipelines, focusing on analyzing the effects of waveform parameters (amplitude A and wavelength B) and hydrogen equivalence ratio on flame propagation dynamics. The results indicate that the wavy structure significantly promotes flame acceleration and instability by enhancing the interaction between pressure waves and the flame front through increased pressure wave reflection frequency, thereby inducing the formation of special structures such as asymmetric tulip flames. Increased amplitude accelerates flame propagation but leads to incomplete combustion; wavelength variations also affect explosion intensity, with the highest explosion hazard occurring at wavelength B= 0.5. An increase in the hydrogen equivalent ratio further intensifies flame velocity and explosion intensity. This study reveals the mechanism by which the coupling of pipeline structure and fuel concentration accelerates flame propagation, providing theoretical support for hydrogen energy safety protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 108538"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2026.108498
Yinggang Jiao , Wen Cao , Haitao Liu , Yameng Li , Hong Liu , Bing Hu , Yang Zhang , Xudong Yang , Xiaohang Guo , Quanguo Zhang , Zhiping Zhang
Relying on their highly efficient photosynthetic capacity, microalgae can achieve the efficient conversion of pollutants in wastewater into high-value-added products. However, during the treatment of photofermentation biohydrogen production effluents (PFEs), their high organic load, high chroma and extreme pH values significantly inhibit the pollutant conversion efficiency of microalgae. Hence, this study investigated the cultivation mechanism of Chlorella pyrenoidosa based on in-situ PFEs, and evaluated the pollutant removal capacity and the output of high-value-added products. The results showed that the optimal tolerant concentration of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to PFEs was approximately 40 %. The inhibitory effect of PFEs on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was mitigated by optimizing light intensity and initial pH value. The maximum biomass yield of 1480.94 ± 5.13 mg/L was achieved under the conditions of 7000 lux light intensity and initial pH= 8. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in PFEs reached 74.30 %, which exceeded the 60 % removal criterion for municipal wastewater treatment plants. The removal efficiencies of typical pollutants including TN, NH4+ -N and PO43--P were 79.75 %, 90.06 % and 77.51 %, respectively. In terms of the output of high-value-added products, the maximum protein content reached 60.35 %, with the highest protein yield of 887.62 ± 15.11 mg/L, which was increased by 235.72 % compared with the group cultured in the traditional BG-11 medium. Compared with the single photofermentation biohydrogen production process, the integrated process of co-producing biohydrogen and microalgae from corn stover improved the overall carbon conversion efficiency by 56.59 %.
{"title":"Biological treatment and purification of photofermentation biohydrogen production effluent to achieve high-value conversion of pollutants","authors":"Yinggang Jiao , Wen Cao , Haitao Liu , Yameng Li , Hong Liu , Bing Hu , Yang Zhang , Xudong Yang , Xiaohang Guo , Quanguo Zhang , Zhiping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.108498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relying on their highly efficient photosynthetic capacity, microalgae can achieve the efficient conversion of pollutants in wastewater into high-value-added products. However, during the treatment of photofermentation biohydrogen production effluents (PFEs), their high organic load, high chroma and extreme pH values significantly inhibit the pollutant conversion efficiency of microalgae. Hence, this study investigated the cultivation mechanism of <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> based on in-situ PFEs, and evaluated the pollutant removal capacity and the output of high-value-added products. The results showed that the optimal tolerant concentration of <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> to PFEs was approximately 40 %. The inhibitory effect of PFEs on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was mitigated by optimizing light intensity and initial pH value. The maximum biomass yield of 1480.94 ± 5.13 mg/L was achieved under the conditions of 7000 lux light intensity and initial pH= 8. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in PFEs reached 74.30 %, which exceeded the 60 % removal criterion for municipal wastewater treatment plants. The removal efficiencies of typical pollutants including TN, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> -N and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>-P were 79.75 %, 90.06 % and 77.51 %, respectively. In terms of the output of high-value-added products, the maximum protein content reached 60.35 %, with the highest protein yield of 887.62 ± 15.11 mg/L, which was increased by 235.72 % compared with the group cultured in the traditional BG-11 medium. Compared with the single photofermentation biohydrogen production process, the integrated process of co-producing biohydrogen and microalgae from corn stover improved the overall carbon conversion efficiency by 56.59 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 108498"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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