Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_5
A. Murata
The effectiveness of speech response under a dual-task situation in which participants entered 10 alphabetic strings while concurrently manipulating a robot was examined by an experimental design using response mode as a between-subject factor. The effect of the number of inputs in robot manipulation on dual-task efficiency was also investigated in order to discuss whether the performance benefits for the speech response are enhanced by increasing workload (number of inputs). A total of 12 male participants manipulated a robot using a speech input device. A second group of 12 male participants performed the task using a keyboard. The dual-task efficiency entry time of the speech response was better than that of the manual response. The dual-task percentage correct of the speech response was higher than that of the manual response. Increasing the workload (number of inputs required for robot manipulation) made the tendencies more noticeable. It was clarified that the manual input in the secondary robot man...
{"title":"Effectiveness of Speech Response Under Dual-Task Situations","authors":"A. Murata","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_5","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of speech response under a dual-task situation in which participants entered 10 alphabetic strings while concurrently manipulating a robot was examined by an experimental design using response mode as a between-subject factor. The effect of the number of inputs in robot manipulation on dual-task efficiency was also investigated in order to discuss whether the performance benefits for the speech response are enhanced by increasing workload (number of inputs). A total of 12 male participants manipulated a robot using a speech input device. A second group of 12 male participants performed the task using a keyboard. The dual-task efficiency entry time of the speech response was better than that of the manual response. The dual-task percentage correct of the speech response was higher than that of the manual response. Increasing the workload (number of inputs required for robot manipulation) made the tendencies more noticeable. It was clarified that the manual input in the secondary robot man...","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124316554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_4
Misha W. Vaughan
This experiment examined how varying implementations of two user-centered design principles affected the usability of a computer program. Drawing from human-computer interaction, as well as cognitive psychology, the following principles were implemented and tested: maximizing use of the user's expectations and stereotypes and minimizing the user's memory load. Nine interfaces were created using Hypercard' s datebook program. On each interface, the graphics and text were manipulated according to the design principle and the related cognitive psychology research. A total of 108 people participated. Of the five hypotheses, only one was supported by the data. The data suggest that for less complicated programs and tasks, strict adherence to design principles may not be required.
{"title":"Testing the Boundaries of Two User-Centered Design Principles: Metaphors and Memory Load","authors":"Misha W. Vaughan","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_4","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment examined how varying implementations of two user-centered design principles affected the usability of a computer program. Drawing from human-computer interaction, as well as cognitive psychology, the following principles were implemented and tested: maximizing use of the user's expectations and stereotypes and minimizing the user's memory load. Nine interfaces were created using Hypercard' s datebook program. On each interface, the graphics and text were manipulated according to the design principle and the related cognitive psychology research. A total of 108 people participated. Of the five hypotheses, only one was supported by the data. The data suggest that for less complicated programs and tasks, strict adherence to design principles may not be required.","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121513061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_2
H. Regenbrecht, Thomas W. Schubert, F. Friedmann
This article describes a study in which a genuine effect of presence--the development of fear of virtual stimuli--was provoked. Using a self-report questionnaire, the sense of presence within this situation was measured. It was shown that fear increased with higher presence. The method, which involved 37 participants, was tested and validated with user tests at the Bauhaus University. A growing body of research in human-computer interface design for virtual environments (VE) concentrates on the problem of how to involve the user in the VE. This effect, usually called immersion or the sense of presence, has been the subject of much research activity. This research focuses on the influence of technical and technological parameters on the sense of presence. However, little work has been done on the effects of experienced sense of presence. One field in which a sense of presence is necessary for the successful application of VEs is the treatment of acrophobic patients. Our goals are to (a) create a theory-bas...
{"title":"Measuring the Sense of Presence and its Relations to Fear of Heights in Virtual Environments","authors":"H. Regenbrecht, Thomas W. Schubert, F. Friedmann","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1003_2","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a study in which a genuine effect of presence--the development of fear of virtual stimuli--was provoked. Using a self-report questionnaire, the sense of presence within this situation was measured. It was shown that fear increased with higher presence. The method, which involved 37 participants, was tested and validated with user tests at the Bauhaus University. A growing body of research in human-computer interface design for virtual environments (VE) concentrates on the problem of how to involve the user in the VE. This effect, usually called immersion or the sense of presence, has been the subject of much research activity. This research focuses on the influence of technical and technological parameters on the sense of presence. However, little work has been done on the effects of experienced sense of presence. One field in which a sense of presence is necessary for the successful application of VEs is the treatment of acrophobic patients. Our goals are to (a) create a theory-bas...","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126755681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1002_2
C. Stephanidis, G. Salvendy
This article introduces the visionary goal of an information society for all in which the principles of universal access and quality in use prevail and characterize computer-mediated human activities. The article is based on the outcome of the 1st meeting of the International Scientific Forum "Toward an Information Society for All," which took place during the Seventh International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (HCI International '97), The objective of this meeting was to define a short-, medium-, and long-term international research and development agenda in the context of the emerging information society, based on the principle of designing for all users. The proposed agenda addressed technological and user-oriented issues, application domains, and support measures, which are necessary for the establishment of a favorable environment: for the creation of an infatuation society acceptable to all citizens.
本文介绍了一个面向所有人的信息社会的远景目标，在这个社会中，普遍访问和使用质量的原则占主导地位，并以计算机为媒介的人类活动为特征。这篇文章是基于在第七届人机交互国际会议(HCI International '97)期间举行的“迈向全民信息社会”国际科学论坛第一次会议的结果，该会议的目标是在新兴信息社会的背景下，基于为所有用户设计的原则，定义短期、中期和长期的国际研究和发展议程。提议的议程涉及技术和面向用户的问题，应用领域和支持措施，这些都是建立有利环境的必要条件:创造一个所有公民都能接受的迷恋社会。
{"title":"Toward an Information Society for All: An International Research and Development Agenda","authors":"C. Stephanidis, G. Salvendy","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1002_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1002_2","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the visionary goal of an information society for all in which the principles of universal access and quality in use prevail and characterize computer-mediated human activities. The article is based on the outcome of the 1st meeting of the International Scientific Forum \"Toward an Information Society for All,\" which took place during the Seventh International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (HCI International '97), The objective of this meeting was to define a short-, medium-, and long-term international research and development agenda in the context of the emerging information society, based on the principle of designing for all users. The proposed agenda addressed technological and user-oriented issues, application domains, and support measures, which are necessary for the establishment of a favorable environment: for the creation of an infatuation society acceptable to all citizens.","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_1
B. Booske, F. Sainfort
Understanding how people use information and measuring information use are essential in the successful design and testing of information technologies. This study reports on the relation between selected quantitative and qualitative approaches of measuring the use of information in the context of making decisions. Four quantitative measures were developed: information access, information time, search redundancy, and time per access. Three qualitative constructs were developed addressing participant reports of the amount of information, the usability of the information, and the adequacy of the information. The context for the study is the choice of a health plan. A Windows-based system was developed with process-tracing capabilities to track participants' information search patterns. Analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed relations between the quantitative measure of information access and the qualitative measures of amount of information and between information time and one component of the a...
{"title":"Relation Between Quantitative and Qualitative Measures of Information Use","authors":"B. Booske, F. Sainfort","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_1","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how people use information and measuring information use are essential in the successful design and testing of information technologies. This study reports on the relation between selected quantitative and qualitative approaches of measuring the use of information in the context of making decisions. Four quantitative measures were developed: information access, information time, search redundancy, and time per access. Three qualitative constructs were developed addressing participant reports of the amount of information, the usability of the information, and the adequacy of the information. The context for the study is the choice of a health plan. A Windows-based system was developed with process-tracing capabilities to track participants' information search patterns. Analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed relations between the quantitative measure of information access and the qualitative measures of amount of information and between information time and one component of the a...","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114600892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_4
B. Caldwell, Nick C. Everhart
This article presents results of a study to examine the flow of information between members of a new task team conducting a distributed supervisory control task. The emphasis of this project was on the effects of information presentation and message transmission delays on the development of effective information flow among human operators. The project focused on the earliest stages of team performance to explore how teams begin to refine distributed task coordination. The task simulation used in this project was a distributed navigation task based on a commercially available computer game (Spectre VRTM). Teams of three ("out the window" [OTW] observer, "long-range radar" observer, and a driver without direct visual information) were required to navigate a vehicle in a dynamic and potentially hostile environment containing obstacles and moving hazards. The goal of the task was to accumulate points through capturing flags. Information presentation was manipulated through standard game selections of wirefram...
{"title":"Information Flow and Development of Coordination in Distributed Supervisory Control Teams","authors":"B. Caldwell, Nick C. Everhart","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_4","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents results of a study to examine the flow of information between members of a new task team conducting a distributed supervisory control task. The emphasis of this project was on the effects of information presentation and message transmission delays on the development of effective information flow among human operators. The project focused on the earliest stages of team performance to explore how teams begin to refine distributed task coordination. The task simulation used in this project was a distributed navigation task based on a commercially available computer game (Spectre VRTM). Teams of three (\"out the window\" [OTW] observer, \"long-range radar\" observer, and a driver without direct visual information) were required to navigate a vehicle in a dynamic and potentially hostile environment containing obstacles and moving hazards. The goal of the task was to accumulate points through capturing flags. Information presentation was manipulated through standard game selections of wirefram...","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123277965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_3
Catherine Kelley, E. A. Bosman, N. Charness, Melvin A. Mottram
An important goal of human-computer interaction research is the reliable measurement of user performance. Although a fair amount of attention has been devoted to assessing the reliability and validity of paper-and-pencil measures of user satisfaction and other components of usability, reliability statistics for performance measures are rarely presented. Issues in reliability assessment of performance measures are discussed, and the reliability analysis of a scoring scheme used in our work is presented.
{"title":"Reliability of User Proficiency Measurement Technique","authors":"Catherine Kelley, E. A. Bosman, N. Charness, Melvin A. Mottram","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_3","url":null,"abstract":"An important goal of human-computer interaction research is the reliable measurement of user performance. Although a fair amount of attention has been devoted to assessing the reliability and validity of paper-and-pencil measures of user satisfaction and other components of usability, reliability statistics for performance measures are rarely presented. Issues in reliability assessment of performance measures are discussed, and the reliability analysis of a scoring scheme used in our work is presented.","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123590169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_2
A. Murata
A method was proposed for the prediction of a target to which a user is to point with a mouse on the basis of the trajectory of the mouse cursor. An empirical study was carried out in order to evaluate the validity of the proposed prediction algorithm to reduce the pointing time with the prediction accuracy remaining high. The effects of the distance between the edges of two adjacent targets and the position of the indicated target on the prediction accuracy were investigated. Pointing with no prediction mode was also conducted. In the prediction method, the angle between the cursor movement vector and the vector that connected the current cursor position and the center of each target was calculated respectively at various sampling frequencies and intervals, and the minimum cumulative value was determined as the prediction target. The pointing time of the prediction method was shown to be less than that of the control condition for various combinations of the sampling interval and frequency. The trade-off...
{"title":"Improvement of Pointing Time by Predicting Targets in Pointing With a PC Mouse","authors":"A. Murata","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_2","url":null,"abstract":"A method was proposed for the prediction of a target to which a user is to point with a mouse on the basis of the trajectory of the mouse cursor. An empirical study was carried out in order to evaluate the validity of the proposed prediction algorithm to reduce the pointing time with the prediction accuracy remaining high. The effects of the distance between the edges of two adjacent targets and the position of the indicated target on the prediction accuracy were investigated. Pointing with no prediction mode was also conducted. In the prediction method, the angle between the cursor movement vector and the vector that connected the current cursor position and the center of each target was calculated respectively at various sampling frequencies and intervals, and the minimum cumulative value was determined as the prediction target. The pointing time of the prediction method was shown to be less than that of the control condition for various combinations of the sampling interval and frequency. The trade-off...","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123952662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-03-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_5
P. Hyland, T. Gould
Every year, government agencies, financial institutions, and other businesses spend millions of dollars gathering and publishing statistical data, presumably intended for use by other organizations in planning. From the point of view of the end user, these data are external statistical data (ESD) because they are provided by external sources over which the end user has little control. Typical sources of ESD include national statistical agencies, such as the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), regional information services, and various state and national government departments.
{"title":"External Statistical Data: Understanding Users and Improving Access","authors":"P. Hyland, T. Gould","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1001_5","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, government agencies, financial institutions, and other businesses spend millions of dollars gathering and publishing statistical data, presumably intended for use by other organizations in planning. From the point of view of the end user, these data are external statistical data (ESD) because they are provided by external sources over which the end user has little control. Typical sources of ESD include national statistical agencies, such as the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), regional information services, and various state and national government departments.","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123460393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc0904_4
P. Huuhtanen
The theoretical framework of longitudinal field studies on office automation has expanded from the stress paradigm to the implementation and planning of chance. Research has started to focus on the design processes of both the computer applications and work organizations simultaneously as opposed to the earlier descriptions of the effects of automation stress and well-being. New technology should have a variety increasing rather than a variety-decreasing effect on operations, by supporting flexible and adaptive work organizations instead of formalized hierarchical control and tight standardization of work routines. The goals of planning, the ways of organizing it, and leadership styles are decisive, as regards the benefits and quality of changes. In addition, assessment of possible new health and safety risks at the worksite level should be organized. One future risk factor is information overflow in a multimedia environment with increasing productivity demands. In this article, key psychological question...
{"title":"Toward a Multilevel Model in Longitudinal Studies on Computerization in Offices","authors":"P. Huuhtanen","doi":"10.1207/s15327590ijhc0904_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc0904_4","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical framework of longitudinal field studies on office automation has expanded from the stress paradigm to the implementation and planning of chance. Research has started to focus on the design processes of both the computer applications and work organizations simultaneously as opposed to the earlier descriptions of the effects of automation stress and well-being. New technology should have a variety increasing rather than a variety-decreasing effect on operations, by supporting flexible and adaptive work organizations instead of formalized hierarchical control and tight standardization of work routines. The goals of planning, the ways of organizing it, and leadership styles are decisive, as regards the benefits and quality of changes. In addition, assessment of possible new health and safety risks at the worksite level should be organized. One future risk factor is information overflow in a multimedia environment with increasing productivity demands. In this article, key psychological question...","PeriodicalId":208962,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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