Resources Policy最新文献_第8页

Technology, capital, and sustainability: Frontiers in just transitions for African mining 技术、资本和可持续性：非洲矿业公正转型的前沿

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105348

Oliver Daniel Tomassi , Abel Alfred Kinyondo

Transitions towards sustainability are crucial in the natural resource sector in Africa, particularly in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). This sector is notably characterized by the extensive use of mercury for gold extraction, which poses significant risks to both human health and ecosystems. This study focuses on Tanzania, where international incentives to reduce mercury have led the state to promote alternative methods and scale up production primarily through cyanide leaching—a more mechanized gold extraction technique.

This article examines the implementation of these strategies, identifies the barriers hindering this transition, and explores the resulting inequalities. We employ a mixed methods approach, combining surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. We adopt the Sustainability and Just Transitions frameworks for the Global South, arguing that applying an in-depth relational approach to the interactions between actors and technologies can illuminate the persistence of environmentally unsustainable practices within the local context. In conclusion, we advocate for international strategies aimed at the Global South to consider the how promoting the eradication of environmentally unsustainable practices can affect livelihood creation mechanisms.

在非洲的自然资源部门，特别是在手工和小规模采金业（ASGM），向可持续性过渡至关重要。该行业的显著特点是广泛使用汞提取黄金，这对人类健康和生态系统都构成了重大风险。本文以坦桑尼亚为研究对象，国际社会为减少汞的使用而采取的激励措施促使该国推广替代方法，并主要通过氰化物浸出--一种机械化程度更高的黄金提取技术--来扩大生产规模。本文研究了这些战略的实施情况，确定了阻碍这一转变的障碍，并探讨了由此产生的不平等现象。我们采用了一种混合方法，将调查、半结构化访谈和参与观察相结合。我们为全球南部地区采用了可持续性和公正过渡框架，认为对参与者和技术之间的互动采用深入的关系方法可以揭示当地环境中持续存在的环境不可持续的做法。最后，我们主张针对全球南部的国际战略应考虑促进消除环境上不可持续的做法会如何影响创造生计的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Are natural resources a blessing or a curse for renewable energy? Uncovering the role of regulatory quality and government effectiveness in mitigating the curse 自然资源是可再生能源的福还是祸？揭示监管质量和政府效率在缓解诅咒中的作用

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105346

Zequn Dong , Chaodan Tan , Wenxue Zhang , Lixiang Zhang , Lingran Zhang

This study examines whether the capacity of the government to formulate and implement sound policies effectively (regulatory quality and government effectiveness) can improve the relationship between natural resource rents and renewable energy consumption. We analyze 96 countries from 2000 to 2020 using a panel threshold regression estimation method and divide these countries into three income groups for heterogeneity analysis. The results show that (i) The correlation between natural resource rents and renewable energy consumption exhibits a non-linear pattern, which shows a "U-shaped." (ii) When regulatory quality and government effectiveness are enhanced, the negative influence of natural resource rents on renewable energy consumption is attenuated or even reversed. This indicates that the formulation and effective implementation of sound policies by the government are conducive to mitigating and even reshaping the curse of natural resources on renewable energy. (iii) Regulatory quality and government effectiveness have the most significant influence in high income countries and the smallest impact in countries with low incomes, while there is some uncertainty about the impact in middle income countries.

本研究探讨了政府有效制定和实施合理政策的能力（监管质量和政府效率）能否改善自然资源租金与可再生能源消费之间的关系。我们采用面板阈值回归估计法分析了 2000 年至 2020 年的 96 个国家，并将这些国家分为三个收入组进行异质性分析。结果表明：（i）自然资源租金与可再生能源消费之间的相关性呈现非线性模式，呈 "U "型。(ii) 当监管质量和政府效率提高时，自然资源租金对可再生能源消费的负面影响会减弱甚至逆转。这表明，政府制定并有效实施合理的政策有利于缓解甚至重塑自然资源对可再生能源的诅咒。(iii) 监管质量和政府效率对高收入国家的影响最大，对低收入国家的影响最小，而对中等收入国家的影响则存在一定的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Resource rents, ethnic fractionalization and redistributive public sector employment 资源租金、种族分化和公共部门再分配就业

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105343

Achtee Al Yussef

The resource curse literature often posits that public employment in resource-rich economies tends to be large, driven by motivations beyond public goods provision. One set of theories attributes this phenomenon to (ethnic) clientelism, but lacks robust empirical support. Another set of theories challenges the notion of (ethnic) clientelism, suggesting that the expansion of public sector employment serves as a form of social insurance in the absence administrative tools to redistribute income. This study diverges from the conventional story of an invariably positive association between resource abundance and public sector employment. Instead, I show that the positive correlation between resource abundance and public sector employment only holds when ethnic fractionalization is low. In countries with high levels of ethnic fractionalization, the relationship weakens and can even reverse. This is because an increase in public sector employment tends to dilute public sector wages, diminishing the attractiveness of public sector jobs as clientelist rewards. The empirical analysis supports this claim: when ethnic fractionalization is low, more resource rents correspond to higher public sector employment and lower (or even negative) public sector wage premiums; when ethnic fractionalization is high, the opposite holds: more resource rents correspond to fewer public sector jobs but larger public sector wage premiums.

资源诅咒文献通常认为，在资源丰富的经济体中，公共就业人数往往很多，其驱动力超出了提供公共产品的范畴。有一套理论将这一现象归因于（种族）"裙带关系"，但缺乏有力的经验支持。另一套理论则对（种族）"贿赂 "概念提出质疑，认为在缺乏收入再分配行政手段的情况下，公共部门就业的扩大是一种社会保险。本研究有别于传统的说法，即资源丰富与公共部门就业之间总是存在正相关关系。相反，我的研究表明，只有当种族分化程度较低时，资源丰富度与公共部门就业之间的正相关关系才会成立。在种族分化程度较高的国家，这种关系会减弱，甚至会逆转。这是因为公共部门就业人数的增加往往会稀释公共部门的工资，从而降低公共部门工作作为 "客户回报 "的吸引力。实证分析支持这一观点：当种族分化程度较低时，更多的资源租金对应更高的公共部门就业率和更低的（甚至负的）公共部门工资溢价；当种族分化程度较高时，情况正好相反：更多的资源租金对应更少的公共部门就业率和更高的公共部门工资溢价。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of the relationship between mineral extraction in the southern hemisphere and sustainable development 评估南半球矿产开采与可持续发展之间的关系

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105340

Xiongying Li, Hongjing Ou, Puyan Nie

Sustainable mineral policies are needed to achieve environmental and social equity in the global South. This study explores the need to align mineral mining in the global South with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It studies the impact of mineral mining on sustainability in 29 global South economies from 2000 to 2021. It also conducts robustness analysis and heterogeneity tests to analyze the mediation effect and the impact of the release of SDGs on sustainability. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Mineral mining has an inhibitory effect on sustainable development and has become a constraint for the achievement of sustainable development goals in the global South; (2) The more mineral-rich a country is, the more serious the adverse impact of mining activities is. The harm of mineral mining to sustainable development is most serious in Africa; (3) Mineral mining leads to an increase in ecological footprint and undermines environmental sustainability, while mineral rents may become a source of funds for clean production, offsetting the adverse effects of mineral mining; (4) The release of SDGs has prompted leaders of various countries to legislate and reform in the field of minerals, helping countries achieve sustainable development goals. The research results provide an effective reference for promoting environmental and social sustainable development in the global South.

在全球南部地区实现环境和社会公平需要可持续的矿产政策。本研究探讨了使全球南方国家的矿产开采与联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）保持一致的必要性。它研究了 2000 年至 2021 年全球 29 个南方经济体的矿产开采对可持续发展的影响。研究还进行了稳健性分析和异质性检验，以分析可持续发展目标的发布对可持续性的中介效应和影响。主要结论如下(1）矿产开采对可持续发展具有抑制作用，已成为全球南方国家实现可持续发展目标的制约因素；（2）矿产资源越丰富的国家，矿业活动的不利影响越严重。矿产开采对可持续发展的危害在非洲最为严重；（3）矿产开采导致生态足迹增加，破坏环境可持续性，而矿产租金可能成为清洁生产的资金来源，抵消矿产开采的不利影响；（4）可持续发展目标的发布促使各国领导人在矿产领域进行立法和改革，帮助各国实现可持续发展目标。研究成果为促进全球南方环境和社会可持续发展提供了有效参考。

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引用次数: 0

Is natural resource abundance a curse or an opportunity? Economic complexity, FDI, and industrial policies in Mozambique 丰富的自然资源是祸还是机？莫桑比克的经济复杂性、外国直接投资和产业政策

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105326

Geraldo Timbe , Flávio L. Pinheiro , Wouter Bam , Dominik Hartmann , Karolien De Bruyne

Recent research has shown that a lack of structural transformation predicates the onset of the resource curse, that is, the notion that resource-rich countries paradoxically have lower growth prospects in the long run. Such structural transformations can be mapped through economic complexity indicators, which have been shown to predict the long-term economic underperformance of countries before it is manifested in lower economic growth rates. Economic complexity thus provides countries with an early warning before the onset of the resource curse. FDI and effective industrial policy have been proposed as potential tools to facilitate diversification and counter the resource curse. Emerging insights from economic complexity can further unpack how FDI and industrial policy impact the resource curse. To illustrate this, we critically evaluate the role that FDI and industrial policy have played in the case of Mozambique. We investigate whether these tools have contributed to circumventing or accelerating the onset of the resource curse in the country. Our empirical results cover a period between 1996 and 2019, showing that FDI mainly focussed on natural resource products in the periphery of the product space with a low to average product complexity index. Moreover, industrial policies have also promoted diversification into some related mining goods and relatively simple activities, such as textiles and agriculture, that would only slightly improve the country's overall complexity but not lead to structural realignment. Neither FDI nor industrial policies have exploited the most promising new industrial opportunities associated with mining activities, which can help master new technological and productive knowledge. Where industrial policy has targeted more complex goods, these have often been unrelated to existing capabilities and consequently been unsuccessful. Hence, despite the economic growth that Mozambique has experienced, it has not been able to improve its industrial structure, which points towards the eventual onset of the resource curse. Based on these observations, we make recommendations on how FDI and industrial policies could be refocused in a smart diversification direction to improve Mozambique's industrial structure in a promising and achievable direction.

最近的研究表明，缺乏结构转型预示着资源诅咒的出现，即资源丰富的国家从长远来看具有较低的增长前景。这种结构转型可以通过经济复杂性指标来反映，这些指标已被证明可以在经济增长率下降之前预测国家的长期经济表现不佳。因此，经济复杂性可在资源诅咒出现之前为各国提供预警。外国直接投资和有效的产业政策被认为是促进多样化和应对资源诅咒的潜在工具。从经济复杂性中获得的新见解可以进一步揭示外国直接投资和产业政策如何影响资源诅咒。为了说明这一点，我们对外国直接投资和产业政策在莫桑比克所发挥的作用进行了批判性评估。我们调查了这些工具是否有助于规避或加速该国资源诅咒的出现。我们的实证结果涵盖了 1996 年至 2019 年这一时期，显示外国直接投资主要集中于产品空间外围的自然资源产品，产品复杂性指数较低，甚至处于平均水平。此外，产业政策也促进了一些相关矿产品和相对简单活动（如纺织品和农业）的多样化，这只会略微提高国家的整体复杂性，但不会导致结构调整。外国直接投资和产业政策都没有利用与采矿活动相关的最有前途的新产业机会，而采矿活动有助于掌握新的技术和生产知识。如果产业政策针对的是更复杂的产品，这些产品往往与现有能力无关，因此并不成功。因此，尽管莫桑比克实现了经济增长，但却未能改善其产业结构，这表明资源诅咒最终会出现。基于这些观察，我们就如何将外国直接投资和产业政策的重点重新放在明智的多样化方向上提出了建议，以改善莫桑比克的产业结构，使其朝着有希望和可实现的方向发展。

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引用次数: 0

Technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading and mining energy efficiency: An analysis based on the super-efficient EBM model 技术创新、产业结构升级与采矿能效：基于超高效 EBM 模型的分析

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105339

Xiaowei Ma , Xueya Xu , Zijie Wang , Xin Zhao , Hyoungsuk Lee , Tadeusz Truskolaski

The sustainable development of the mining industry is essential for economic growth. However, this practice necessitates environmental protection and social sustainability. This study uses the super-efficient epsilon-based measure (EBM) model to measure mining energy efficiency (MEE) based on panel data for 30 provinces from 2007 to 2021 in China. We empirically examined the effects of technological innovation (TEC) on MEE and the mediating and threshold effects of industrial structure upgrading (IS) between the two through the fixed, mediating, and threshold effects models. The study findings show that TEC is conducive to enhancing MEE and that this role is relatively robust regarding the mechanism of action. TEC enhances the MEE industry through the IS. We observed the impact of TEC on MEE in the threshold effect of IS—as the level of IS rises, the role of TEC on MEE shows an increasing marginal effect. Therefore, the government should encourage the construction and innovation of technology to optimise the industrial structure and layout and improve energy efficiency in the regional mining industry. This study is a useful supplement to the study of MEE and provides new perspectives and methods for understanding and improving MEE. Meanwhile, the study results provide an important reference for the government to formulate long-term planning and policies for mining development, which is of great significance for optimising the structure of mining resources and improving MEE in the region.

采矿业的可持续发展对经济增长至关重要。然而，这种做法需要环境保护和社会可持续发展。本研究基于 2007 年至 2021 年中国 30 个省份的面板数据，采用基于ε的超效率计量（EBM）模型来衡量采矿能效（MEE）。通过固定效应、中介效应和门槛效应模型，实证检验了技术创新（TEC）对矿业能效的影响，以及产业结构升级（IS）在二者之间的中介效应和门槛效应。研究结果表明，技术创新（TEC）有利于提升 MEE，而且这种作用在作用机制上相对稳健。技术执行委员会通过基础设施服务增强了 MEE 产业。我们观察到 TEC 对 MEE 的影响体现在 IS 的门槛效应上，随着 IS 水平的提高，TEC 对 MEE 的作用呈现边际效应递增的趋势。因此，政府应鼓励技术建设和创新，优化产业结构和布局，提高区域矿业的能源效率。本研究是对 MEE 研究的有益补充，为理解和改进 MEE 提供了新的视角和方法。同时，研究成果为政府制定矿业发展的长远规划和政策提供了重要参考，对优化地区矿业资源结构、提高MEE具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable integration of mineral resources, low carbon transition, and economic resilience in China 中国矿产资源的可持续整合、低碳转型和经济韧性

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105336

Bo Zhou , Wenjiao Wu , Siwei Dong , Xiaoxiao Zhang , Jingyi Li

Mineral sustainability has become a crucial topic for economists in recent decades. This study provides key insights into China's sustainability challenges, particularly regarding ferrous mineral production, economic resilience, and low-carbon transition goals. Using data from 1980 to 2022 analyzed with the ARDL technique, the research highlights significant negative impacts of ferrous mineral production, economic uncertainty, and carbon emissions on green energy progress. This underscores the need for urgent actions to enhance sustainability in the mineral sector and support green energy initiatives. Economic instability hampers long-term green energy development, making economic resilience essential. Sustainable population management is also crucial due to its effects on green energy advancement. Conversely, ICT advancements offer promise for sustainable development. China should implement a comprehensive policy framework focused on sustainable mineral use, carbon reduction, and economic stability, including measures such as promoting electric vehicles and improving green tax efficiency.

近几十年来，矿产可持续发展已成为经济学家的一个重要课题。本研究对中国的可持续发展挑战，尤其是黑色金属矿产生产、经济韧性和低碳转型目标提供了重要见解。研究使用 ARDL 技术分析了 1980 年至 2022 年的数据，强调了黑色金属矿产生产、经济不确定性和碳排放对绿色能源发展的重大负面影响。这突出表明，需要采取紧急行动，提高矿产部门的可持续性，支持绿色能源倡议。经济不稳定性阻碍了绿色能源的长期发展，因此经济恢复能力至关重要。可持续的人口管理对绿色能源的发展也至关重要。相反，信息和通信技术的进步为可持续发展带来了希望。中国应实施以矿产可持续利用、碳减排和经济稳定为重点的综合政策框架，包括推广电动汽车和提高绿色税收效率等措施。

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引用次数: 0

An essay on mining and the moral obligation not to harm others 关于采矿和不伤害他人的道德义务的论文

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105325

David Brereton , Sharon Flynn , Deanna Kemp

The terms ‘harm’ and ‘harm avoidance’ are increasingly being utilised in the global mining industry, particularly in relation to occupational health and safety. However, avoidance of harm has not been given the same priority when it comes to dealing with the social impacts of mining. Rather, industry discourse has focused more on ‘mitigating adverse impacts’ (which is a broader concept than ‘harm avoidance’) and leveraging positive outcomes or ‘shared value’ for local communities. Companies should be expected to contribute to local level development, but we argue that avoidance of harm to people must always be the foremost social goal. In this article, we offer a working definition of harm, and make the case for viewing harm avoidance as a moral obligation. We also challenge the proposition that, in the case of mining, it may sometimes be acceptable to expose some communities and groups to harm to derive a broader societal benefit. The evidence that people can be harmed by mining is indisputable. We argue that a priority for the global mining industry should be to ensure that practices that cause harm are no longer tolerated or considered an unavoidable cost of development.

全球采矿业越来越多地使用 "伤害 "和 "避免伤害 "这两个术语，特别是在职业健康和安全方面。然而，在处理采矿的社会影响时，避免伤害并没有得到同样的重视。相反，该行业的讨论更侧重于 "减轻不利影响"（这是一个比 "避免伤害 "更广泛的概念），以及为当地社区带来积极成果或 "共享价值"。公司应为当地发展做出贡献，但我们认为，避免对人类造成伤害必须始终是最重要的社会目标。在这篇文章中，我们给出了伤害的可行定义，并提出了将避免伤害视为道德义务的理由。我们还对以下主张提出质疑，即在采矿业中，为了获得更广泛的社会利益而使某些社区和群体受到伤害有时是可以接受的。采矿会对人类造成伤害，这是不争的事实。我们认为，全球采矿业的当务之急应是确保不再容忍造成伤害的做法，也不再将其视为不可避免的发展代价。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the socially sustainable impacts of private investments in the mining sector in rural areas 分析农村地区采矿业私人投资的社会可持续影响

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105347

Tian Tian , Bo Nie , Xinran Zhang , Xinqian Li , Xiantai Hong

This study examines the effect of private investment in the mining sector on social sustainability across nine ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2021 using the CS-ARDL panel data approach. The results indicate a negative relationship between private mining investment and social sustainability, with reductions of 0.15% in the short term and 0.59% in the long term, due to environmental degradation, income inequality, and economic volatility. A 1% increase in rural GDP also leads to declines in social sustainability by 0.03% and 0.17% in the short and long term, respectively, underscoring the need for eco-friendly economic activities. Additionally, inflation reduces social sustainability, while rural internet access significantly improves it. To encourage sustainable investment, policies should focus on green finance, sustainable literacy, risk mitigation, and rural economic growth aligned with sustainable development principles.

本研究采用 CS-ARDL 面板数据方法，考察了 2005 年至 2021 年九个东盟国家采矿业私人投资对社会可持续性的影响。结果表明，由于环境退化、收入不平等和经济波动，私人采矿投资与社会可持续性之间存在负相关关系，短期内减少 0.15%，长期内减少 0.59%。农村 GDP 每增加 1%，也会导致社会可持续性在短期和长期分别下降 0.03% 和 0.17%，这凸显了生态友好型经济活动的必要性。此外，通货膨胀会降低社会可持续性，而农村互联网接入则会显著提高社会可持续性。为鼓励可持续投资，政策应侧重于绿色金融、可持续扫盲、降低风险以及符合可持续发展原则的农村经济增长。

引用次数: 0

Mineral policy and sustainable development goals: Volatility forecasting in the Global South's minerals market 矿产政策与可持续发展目标：全球南部矿产市场的波动预测

IF 10.2 2区经济学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Resources Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105337

Amar Rao , Dhairya Dev , Aeshna Kharbanda , Jaya Singh Parihar , Dariusz Sala

This paper aims to evaluate the volatility of precious metals, specifically Palladium, Gold, and Platinum, within the context of the global minerals market. The research focuses on understanding the price dynamics of these metals and their implications for sustainable development, particularly in the Global South. The study employs a comprehensive approach, utilizing advanced machine learning and deep learning models such as GRU, Huber, Lasso, LSTM, Random Forest, Ridge Regression, SVM, ANN, and XGBoost. These models are assessed based on their forecasting accuracy for different time horizons, using metrics such as RMSE and MAPE. The findings reveal that the ANN, XGBoost, and LSTM models exhibit robust performance in forecasting the volatility of precious metals across various time horizons. The research highlights the unique volatility patterns of each metal and underscores the effectiveness of machine learning techniques in capturing these dynamics. The study acknowledges limitations such as the exclusion of macroeconomic and geopolitical factors in the forecasting models. Future research is suggested to integrate these factors to enhance forecasting accuracy. The study's findings are pivotal for investors, policymakers, and market regulators, especially in the context of the Global South and sustainable development. The research offers valuable insights for risk management strategies, investment planning, and policy formulation aimed at promoting market stability and sustainable economic growth. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate forecasting models based on specific time horizons and market requirements.

本文旨在评估贵金属，特别是钯、金和铂在全球矿产市场背景下的波动情况。研究重点是了解这些金属的价格动态及其对可持续发展的影响，尤其是对全球南部地区的影响。研究采用了一种综合方法，利用了先进的机器学习和深度学习模型，如 GRU、Huber、Lasso、LSTM、Random Forest、Ridge Regression、SVM、ANN 和 XGBoost。使用 RMSE 和 MAPE 等指标，根据这些模型对不同时间跨度的预测准确性进行评估。研究结果表明，ANN、XGBoost 和 LSTM 模型在预测不同时间跨度的贵金属波动性方面表现强劲。研究突出了每种金属独特的波动模式，并强调了机器学习技术在捕捉这些动态方面的有效性。研究承认存在局限性，例如预测模型中排除了宏观经济和地缘政治因素。建议在今后的研究中整合这些因素，以提高预测的准确性。研究结果对投资者、政策制定者和市场监管者至关重要，尤其是在全球南部和可持续发展的背景下。研究为旨在促进市场稳定和可持续经济增长的风险管理策略、投资规划和政策制定提供了宝贵的见解。研究强调了根据具体的时间跨度和市场要求选择适当预测模型的重要性。

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引用次数: 0