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COP28 targets for mobilizing private investment in fossil fuels extraction industry to cope with the climate change COP28 关于动员私人投资化石燃料开采业以应对气候变化的目标
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105285

This study analyzes data from the Sovereign ESG Data Portal to assess how macroeconomic factors influence ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investments in the fossil fuels extraction sector across G7 countries from 2005 to 2022. Using the PMG-ARDL technique, findings reveal that a 1% rise in income inequality leads to a 0.14% decrease in ESG investment in the short term and 0.43% in the long term. Conversely, a 1% increase in household spending on education results in a 0.12% short-term and 0.16% long-term boost in ESG investment. Economic growth does not significantly affect ESG investment, likely due to the sector's profit-driven nature. Additionally, a 1% increase in industry value decreases ESG investment, while better governance practices enhance it. The study suggests that policies focusing on improving governance, reducing inequality, and increasing education spending are crucial for promoting sustainable investments.

本研究分析了主权ESG数据门户网站的数据,以评估宏观经济因素如何影响2005年至2022年七国集团(G7)化石燃料开采行业的ESG(环境、社会和治理)投资。利用 PMG-ARDL 技术,研究结果表明,收入不平等每增加 1%,ESG 投资在短期内就会减少 0.14%,在长期内减少 0.43%。相反,家庭教育支出每增加 1%,ESG 投资短期增长 0.12%,长期增长 0.16%。经济增长对环境、社会和治理投资的影响不大,这可能是由于该行业的利润驱动性质。此外,行业价值每增加 1%,ESG 投资就会减少,而更好的治理实践则会增加 ESG 投资。研究表明,以改善治理、减少不平等和增加教育支出为重点的政策对于促进可持续投资至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Detecting the local characteristics from the iron ore import competition intensity among nations: A network-based resource allocation process method 从国家间铁矿石进口竞争强度中发现地方特征基于网络的资源分配过程方法
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105284

Iron ore is an important industrial raw material, and its production and consumption have a significant impact on the world economy. As resource demand increases, competition among iron ore importing countries has intensified. To investigate the global iron ore competition landscape through the competition intensity among importing countries and to study the iron ore competition groups and key competition modes from a local perspective, this paper constructs the iron ore import competition intensity network (IOCIN) by employing the network decreasing-mode and resource allocation process (RAP). The empirical results are as follows. First, competition intensity is unevenly distributed. The unevenness of competition intensity eases slightly, and the IOCINs become tighter over time. Second, the composition of the community is unstable, and the competition groups show geographic dispersion. Third, unidirectional competition with an overwhelming advantage on one side is a common relationship in the global iron ore market. At the same time, a relatively stable bilateral competition pattern has promoted the evolution of the global iron ore competitive landscape. The value of this study includes not only the improvement of the method but also practical strategic recommendations for rational competition and resource allocation optimization among countries.

铁矿石是一种重要的工业原料,其生产和消费对世界经济有着重大影响。随着资源需求的增加,铁矿石进口国之间的竞争也愈演愈烈。为了通过进口国之间的竞争强度考察全球铁矿石竞争格局,并从局部角度研究铁矿石竞争群体和主要竞争模式,本文采用网络递减模式和资源配置过程(RAP)构建了铁矿石进口竞争强度网络(IOCIN)。实证结果如下。第一,竞争强度分布不均。随着时间的推移,竞争强度的不均匀性略有缓解,IOCIN 越来越紧密。第二,群体构成不稳定,竞争群体呈现地域分散性。第三,单向竞争关系在全球铁矿石市场中普遍存在,一方具有压倒性优势。同时,相对稳定的双边竞争格局促进了全球铁矿石竞争格局的演变。本研究的价值不仅在于方法的改进,还在于为国家间的合理竞争和资源配置优化提出了切实可行的战略建议。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of conflicts in the mining industry: A case study of a gold mining dispute in Greece 采矿业冲突的影响:希腊金矿争端案例研究
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105292

The Skouries gold mining dispute in Greece has been a significant contention for several years. This study explores how individuals, either supportive or critical of mining, have strategically positioned themselves in discourse to safeguard their influence and control over potential risks. These strategic actions have included visible measures, such as campaigns carried out by institutions and grassroots organizations, and plans that have been expressed but not yet implemented. These tactics have given rise to divergent perspectives within each group. Whenever the mining operation faced a potential threat, the miners would take charge of the tunnels to demonstrate their indispensable connection to their work and its importance within a broader context. On the other hand, local activists, in stark contrast to the miners who relied on the mining company, developed their skills and capabilities, showcasing their resilience in the face of adversity. Despite adhering to a post-Fordist work and labor conditions model, these activists have a strong attachment to their location but were compelled to consider relocating. The research illustrates how opposing parties collaboratively generate disputes over natural resources through their strategic use of language and communication.

几年来,希腊斯库瑞斯金矿开采争端一直是一个重大争议。本研究探讨了支持或批评采矿业的个人如何在话语中对自己进行战略定位,以维护自己的影响力和对潜在风险的控制。这些战略行动包括可见的措施,如机构和基层组织开展的运动,以及已经表达但尚未实施的计划。这些策略在每个团体内部都产生了不同的观点。每当采矿作业面临潜在威胁时,矿工们就会接管隧道,以表明他们与工作之间不可或缺的联系以及工作在更大范围内的重要性。另一方面,与依赖矿业公司的矿工形成鲜明对比的是,当地的积极分子则发展了自己的技能和能力,展示了他们在逆境中的韧性。尽管这些积极分子坚持后福特主义的工作和劳动条件模式,但他们对自己的工作地点有着强烈的依恋,却不得不考虑搬迁。这项研究说明了对立双方如何通过战略性地使用语言和交流,共同制造自然资源争端。
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引用次数: 0
Ripple effects of coal phaseout on employment in China: From mining to coal consumption sectors 煤炭淘汰对中国就业的连锁反应:从采矿业到煤炭消费行业
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105290

China's stringent decarbonisation, marked by an uncompromising coal phaseout, has induced significant ripple effects across the coal industry chain's employment structure. By utilising a composite methodology that integrates the Global Change Assessment Model and Input‒Output Model, this study systematically quantifies the impact on employment, revealing a loss of 1.6 million jobs in mining and 8.2 million in the entire chain. Concurrently, a labour shift to the renewable sector has resulted in an 18.5% increase in employment, equivalent to creating 508,000 new positions from 2017 to 2020. Projections suggest that renewable energy initiatives could address 25% of the employment gap for precision by 2060 under carbon neutrality scenarios. Nonetheless, the coal sector is expected to lose more than 20 million jobs, indicating the need for a 2.3 trillion-yuan compensation fund. This study highlights the need for policy interventions to facilitate labour transitions through comprehensive retraining programs and strategic investments. Promoting economic diversification and clean coal technologies can improve resource utilization and create new jobs. Additionally, repurposing abandoned coal mines into energy storage facilities or renewable energy sites can prevent stranded assets and generate employment. These findings provide a robust framework for addressing the socioeconomic challenges of energy transitions, offering critical insights for other coal-dependent countries aiming for sustainable development.

中国以坚定不移地淘汰煤炭为标志的严格的去碳化进程对整个煤炭产业链的就业结构产生了重大的连锁反应。本研究采用全球变化评估模型和投入产出模型相结合的综合方法,系统地量化了对就业的影响,显示采矿业损失了 160 万个工作岗位,整个产业链损失了 820 万个工作岗位。与此同时,劳动力向可再生领域转移导致就业增加了 18.5%,相当于从 2017 年到 2020 年创造了 50.8 万个新职位。预测表明,在碳中和情景下,到 2060 年,可再生能源措施可解决 25% 的精准就业缺口。然而,煤炭行业预计将失去 2000 多万个工作岗位,这表明需要 2.3 万亿元的补偿基金。本研究强调,有必要采取政策干预措施,通过全面的再培训计划和战略投资来促进劳动力转型。促进经济多元化和清洁煤炭技术可以提高资源利用率,创造新的就业机会。此外,将废弃煤矿重新利用为储能设施或可再生能源基地,可以防止资产搁浅并创造就业机会。这些发现为应对能源转型带来的社会经济挑战提供了一个强有力的框架,为其他以可持续发展为目标的煤炭依赖型国家提供了重要启示。
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引用次数: 0
The role of natural resources rents and e-government in achieving sustainable development in the European Union 自然资源租金和电子政务在欧盟实现可持续发展中的作用
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105278

The EU transition to green economy and digital transformation plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development with direct interest in allocating the necessary financial resources. In this framework, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of e-government and natural resources rents on financial and human development as proxies for sustainable development. The analysis conducted for the period 2008–2022 revealed the role of economic growth and e-government in supporting the sustainable development in the EU. However, natural resources rent negatively impacted human development and only coal rents enhanced financial development in the old EU member states. The results could support the new EU policies to achieve sustainable development by an efficient use of natural resources and by implementing digitalization for public services.

欧盟向绿色经济和数字化转型的过渡在实现可持续发展方面发挥着至关重要的作用,直接关系到必要财政资源的分配。在此框架下,本文旨在评估电子政务和自然资源租金对作为可持续发展代理变量的金融和人类发展的影响。对 2008-2022 年期间进行的分析表明,经济增长和电子政务在支持欧盟可持续发展方面发挥了作用。然而,自然资源租金对人类发展产生了负面影响,只有煤炭租金促进了欧盟老成员国的金融发展。这些结果可以支持欧盟通过有效利用自然资源和实施公共服务数字化来实现可持续发展的新政策。
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引用次数: 0
Pathways to sustainability: Evaluating the impact of green energy, natural resources, FinTech, and environmental policies in resource-abundant countries 可持续发展之路:评估绿色能源、自然资源、金融科技和环境政策对资源丰富国家的影响
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105264

The escalating concerns about ecological sustainability have made the consumption of resources a crucial global issue. The speedy growth of the economy is heavily reliant on excessive consumption of resources, which significantly contributes to the imbalance between biodiversity and ecological footprint, resulting in a decrease in the carrying capacity. Both researchers and policymakers strive to enhance the amount of financial capital in the present time while ensuring that the country's economic growth remains unaffected. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of green energy, financial technology (FinTech), and environmental regulations on enhancing the environmental sustainability of resource-rich countries from 1992 to 2022. To address problems with cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity, this study employs the CS- ARDL model. The long-term results indicate that the reliance on income from natural resources decreased the load capacity factor. However, the load capacity factor was improved by shifting to green energy, adopting fintech, and implementing environmental regulations. The utilization of the AMG and CCEMG estimate procedures enhances the validity of the research findings. These findings provide essential policy recommendations for all stakeholder involved.

对生态可持续性的关注不断升级,使资源消耗成为一个至关重要的全球性问题。经济的快速增长在很大程度上依赖于资源的过度消耗,这在很大程度上造成了生物多样性和生态足迹之间的失衡,导致承载能力下降。研究人员和政策制定者都在努力提高当前金融资本的数量,同时确保国家的经济增长不受影响。本研究的主要目的是分析 1992 至 2022 年间绿色能源、金融科技(FinTech)和环境法规对提高资源丰富国家环境可持续性的影响。为解决横截面依赖性和斜率异质性问题,本研究采用了 CS- ARDL 模型。长期结果表明,对自然资源收入的依赖降低了负载能力系数。然而,通过转向绿色能源、采用金融科技和实施环境法规,负载能力系数得到了提高。使用 AMG 和 CCEMG 估算程序增强了研究结果的有效性。这些研究结果为所有相关利益方提供了重要的政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of production, distribution, natural resources and capacity planning throughout process sector worldwide supply chains with various goals 优化生产、分销、自然资源和能力规划,贯穿整个流程部门的全球供应链,实现各种目标
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105187

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of green transformation within global mining and other process industries, focusing on production, distribution, and capacity planning under the framework of the Asian Mineral Vision. By addressing sustainability, resource efficiency, and cost reduction, the research highlights the multifaceted challenges faced by industry participants in achieving green objectives. In addition to financial efficiency, the study emphasizes the importance of customer service quality and responsiveness. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel multiobjective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach. The model incorporates key goals such as minimizing total cost, total flow time, and total missed sales, reflecting the interconnected nature of financial efficiency, operational agility, and customer satisfaction. To further enhance the model's flexibility, we integrate discrete strategies for plant capacity expansion, recognizing the crucial role of capacity management in responding to evolving demand dynamics. The multiobjective optimization problem is addressed using the lexicographic minimax technique and the ε-constraint method. A comprehensive numerical example illustrates the practical relevance and effectiveness of our proposed model and solution methods, providing valuable insights into improving the resilience and performance of green supply chain networks in the process industry.

本研究深入探讨了全球采矿业和其他加工业绿色转型的复杂动态,重点关注《亚洲矿业愿景》框架下的生产、分销和产能规划。通过探讨可持续发展、资源效率和降低成本,研究强调了行业参与者在实现绿色目标时所面临的多方面挑战。除了财务效率,研究还强调了客户服务质量和响应速度的重要性。为了应对这些挑战,我们提出了一种新颖的多目标混合整数线性规划(MILP)方法。该模型包含了总成本最小化、总流通时间最小化和总错过销售额最小化等关键目标,反映了财务效率、运营灵活性和客户满意度之间的相互联系。为了进一步增强模型的灵活性,我们考虑到产能管理在应对不断变化的需求动态中的关键作用,将工厂产能扩张的离散策略纳入其中。多目标优化问题采用了词典最小值技术和 ε 约束方法。一个全面的数值示例说明了我们提出的模型和求解方法的实用性和有效性,为提高加工业绿色供应链网络的弹性和性能提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The role of natural resources, fintech and economic complexity in sustainable development for BRICS nations: A policy insight from advanced panel data techniques 自然资源、金融科技和经济复杂性在金砖国家可持续发展中的作用:高级面板数据技术的政策启示
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105280

In recent times, ecological sustainability has become a pertinent area of interest for policy stakeholders in emerging nations. The BRICS nations are five nations that have significantly contributed to the world's GDP and play a significant role in the environmental policy arena. The ongoing research has confabulated the interconnections among three pertinent economic policy variables, i.e., NTR, FNT, and ECX, on SGR in five selected nations. The research has used the most rigorous method, MMQR, for the empirical outcomes. The empirical outcomes elucidate that ECX and ENT are essential sources to augment SGR. In contrast, NTR is one of the most prominent factors escalating ecological degradation in these nations. The research has provided a few interesting policy insights; for instance, according to the empirical outcomes, environmental taxes can be used to abate CO2 emissions. However, it is recommended that these taxes must be accompanied by green finance and green credit, which ultimately will help the firms and promote green growth. Green growth is an essential tool for boosting SGR in the chosen nations. Furthermore, the chosen nation must focus on strategies that promote the sustainable use of NTR for a cleaner and greener tomorrow.

近来,生态可持续性已成为新兴国家政策利益相关者关注的一个相关领域。金砖五国是对世界国内生产总值贡献巨大的五个国家,在环境政策领域发挥着重要作用。正在进行的研究已确定了五个选定国家的三个相关经济政策变量(即 NTR、FNT 和 ECX)之间在 SGR 方面的相互联系。研究采用了最严谨的方法--MMQR--来得出实证结果。实证结果表明,ECX 和 ENT 是增加 SGR 的重要来源。相比之下,NTR 是导致这些国家生态退化加剧的最突出因素之一。研究提供了一些有趣的政策见解,例如,根据经验结果,环境税可用于减少二氧化碳排放。不过,建议在征收这些税的同时,必须提供绿色金融和绿色信贷,这最终将帮助企业并促进绿色增长。绿色增长是所选国家促进 SGR 的重要工具。此外,被选中的国家必须重点关注促进可持续利用核燃料循环利用的战略,以实现更清洁、更绿色的明天。
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引用次数: 0
Transparency, institutions, and investment: The case of the extractive industries transparency initiative (EITI) 透明度、机构和投资:采掘业透明度倡议(EITI)案例
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105248

Since the establishment of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), many resource-rich countries have joined international transparency initiatives. Considering that resource-rich countries have historically preferred opacity, this trend is surprising. Once a country joins the EITI, the country reports on its revenues, contracts, and licenses related to natural resources. The disclosure of information on resource revenues could threaten the survival of the leadership in less transparent democratic and autocratic regimes. In the face of the threats posed by enhanced transparency, these countries maintain their EITI membership, but for what reason? Using newly released data, this study argues that countries participate in international transparency initiatives to signal a favorable economic environment to international investors. This study demonstrates that under the self-reporting mechanism, investors reward or punish a country according to the level of its EITI membership. Based on an empirical analysis of 128 countries using two-stage least squares regression and the instrumental variable estimation in order to deal with selection bias and endogeneity (2002–2015), this study finds that joining in the EITI has a stronger positive effect on the inflow of foreign direct in-vestment (FDI) in less transparent countries, than in more transparent ones.

自《采掘业透明度倡议》(EITI)成立以来,许多资源丰富的国家加入了国际透明度倡议。考虑到资源丰富的国家历来偏好不透明,这一趋势令人惊讶。一旦一个国家加入《采掘业透明度行动倡议》,该国就会报告其与自然资源相关的收入、合同和许可证。公开资源收入信息可能会威胁到透明度较低的民主和专制政权领导层的生存。面对提高透明度所带来的威胁,这些国家仍然保持其 "采掘业透明度行动倡议 "成员身份,但原因何在?本研究利用最新发布的数据,认为各国参与国际透明度倡议是为了向国际投资者发出一个有利经济环境的信号。本研究表明,在自我报告机制下,投资者会根据一个国家加入 "采掘业透明度行动倡议 "的程度对其进行奖励或惩罚。为了解决选择偏差和内生性问题,本研究使用两阶段最小二乘回归和工具变量估计法对 128 个国家进行了实证分析(2002-2015 年),结果发现,与透明度较高的国家相比,透明度较低的国家加入 "采掘业透明度行动倡议 "对外国直接投资(FDI)流入的积极影响更大。
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引用次数: 0
Shades of sustainability: Decoding the influence of fintech, natural resources and green ICT on CO2 emissions and green growth in China 可持续性的阴影:解码金融科技、自然资源和绿色信息通信技术对中国二氧化碳排放和绿色增长的影响
IF 10.2 2区 经济学 N/A ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105275

The term "green growth" signifies an approach toward growth that promotes environmental sustainability and economic prosperity by supporting the preservation of natural resources, energy conservation, environmentally conscious farming, and waste disposal. It aims to distinguish economic prosperity from the destruction of the environment. Similarly, the core focus of the present study is to illustrate the impact of environmental policy, fintech, green technologies, and natural resources on carbon dioxide emissions and green growth in China over a specific twenty-one-year period covering 2000 to 2021. The study objectively analyzes the effects of environmental policy, natural resources, fintech, and green technologies on CO2 emissions and green growth employing the QARDL method. By confirming the empirical outcomes, the research analyzes the reliability of the methodology. The green growth and CO2 emissions models yield distinct results about statistically significant quantile ranges and coefficient magnitudes, as demonstrated by the research's findings. Natural resources support escalating CO2 emissions, whereas environmental policy, green technologies, and finance tend to lessen the detrimental effects. Concerning these results, policy experts should concentrate on green growth to facilitate the inclusion of green energy into the banking sector while reaching the zero-carbon objective by 2050.

绿色增长 "一词是指通过支持保护自然资源、节约能源、注重环保的耕作和废物处理,促进环境可持续性和经济繁荣的增长方式。其目的是将经济繁荣与环境破坏区分开来。同样,本研究的核心重点是说明环境政策、金融科技、绿色技术和自然资源在 2000 年至 2021 年这二十一年间对中国二氧化碳排放和绿色增长的影响。研究采用QARDL方法,客观分析了环境政策、自然资源、金融科技和绿色技术对二氧化碳排放和绿色增长的影响。通过证实实证结果,研究分析了该方法的可靠性。研究结果表明,绿色增长和二氧化碳排放模型得出了具有统计意义的量化范围和系数大小的不同结果。自然资源支持了二氧化碳排放量的增加,而环境政策、绿色技术和金融则倾向于减轻其不利影响。针对这些结果,政策专家应专注于绿色增长,以促进将绿色能源纳入银行业,同时在 2050 年前实现零碳目标。
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引用次数: 0
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