Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.008
Mario José Matteo , María Cecilia Latini , Davor Nicolás Martinovic , Marina Bottiglieri
The WHO aims to reduce the number of deaths from TB by 95% and decrease its incidence rate by 90% between 2015 and 2035. The recommended rapid diagnostic tests are accurate and cost-effective, allow for a prompt start to treatment, and influence other outcomes that are important to the patient. To detect latent infection, the tuberculin skin test and interferon γ release (IGRA) tests are used. Although IGRA is an expensive test, it has greater specificity and is not affected by previous exposure to the BCG vaccine, among other advantages. For the diagnosis of active TB, smear microscopy is commonly employed. Culture is a more sensitive, but also more complex method. It constitutes the definitive diagnosis and allows phenotypic sensitivity tests to be performed. TB-LAM has limited sensitivity; however, unlike other methodologies, it has shown promising results in individuals living with HIV and CD4 T-cell counts below 200/mm3. Finally, among the molecular biology-based tests, commercial methods using real-time PCR allow mass diagnosis and sensitivity testing to first- and second-line drugs to be conducted within a few hours of receiving the sample. These are highly sensitive and specific tests, and their use is recommended as the initial diagnostic test in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases.
{"title":"Update of diagnostic methods in tuberculosis (TB)","authors":"Mario José Matteo , María Cecilia Latini , Davor Nicolás Martinovic , Marina Bottiglieri","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The WHO aims to reduce the number of deaths from TB by 95% and decrease its incidence rate by 90% between 2015 and 2035. The recommended rapid diagnostic tests are accurate and cost-effective, allow for a prompt start to treatment, and influence other outcomes that are important to the patient. To detect latent infection, the tuberculin skin test and interferon γ release (IGRA) tests are used. Although IGRA is an expensive test, it has greater specificity and is not affected by previous exposure to the BCG vaccine, among other advantages. For the diagnosis of active TB, smear microscopy is commonly employed. Culture is a more sensitive, but also more complex method. It constitutes the definitive diagnosis and allows phenotypic sensitivity tests to be performed. TB-LAM has limited sensitivity; however, unlike other methodologies, it has shown promising results in individuals living with HIV and CD4 T-cell counts below 200/mm<sup>3</sup>. Finally, among the molecular biology-based tests, commercial methods using real-time PCR allow mass diagnosis and sensitivity testing to first- and second-line drugs to be conducted within a few hours of receiving the sample. These are highly sensitive and specific tests, and their use is recommended as the initial diagnostic test in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.09.005
Jessica Basualdo , Gastón A. Iocoli , Marisa A. Gómez , María Celina Zabaloy
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of pathogenic enterobacteria of significant public health importance due to their association with highly prevalent human diseases. STEC is ubiquitous in livestock environments, and its presence in the environment emphasizes the importance of properly managing agricultural effluents to reduce health risks from contamination. In order to detect STEC in the effluent treatment systems of two dairy farms (“A” and “B”) in the southwest of Buenos Aires province, samples (“A”, n = 88; “B”, n = 72) were taken at two different times of the year (winter and spring) and at various points in the treatment systems. Analysis markers for virulence genes (stx, eae, saa, and ehxA) revealed the presence of STEC in 13.1% of the samples, showing an increase in spring and differences between dairy farms possibly related to their maintenance conditions. After manure, sediments showed the highest proportion of STEC-positive samples, which is relevant due to the ability of these strains to survive in the environment through biofilm formation. Eight genetic profiles were identified among all STEC-positive samples, which are associated with STEC strains that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and other gastrointestinal diseases. This demonstrates the role of dairy farm environments in the region as reservoirs of pathogenic STEC strains and their impact on public health.
{"title":"Dairy effluent management systems as a potential persistence source of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains","authors":"Jessica Basualdo , Gastón A. Iocoli , Marisa A. Gómez , María Celina Zabaloy","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) is a group of pathogenic enterobacteria of significant public health importance due to their association with highly prevalent human diseases. STEC is ubiquitous in livestock environments, and its presence in the environment emphasizes the importance of properly managing agricultural effluents to reduce health risks from contamination. In order to detect STEC in the effluent treatment systems of two dairy farms (“A” and “B”) in the southwest of Buenos Aires province, samples (“A”, n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->88; “B”, n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->72) were taken at two different times of the year (winter and spring) and at various points in the treatment systems. Analysis markers for virulence genes (<em>stx</em>, <em>eae</em>, <em>saa</em>, and <em>ehxA</em>) revealed the presence of STEC in 13.1% of the samples, showing an increase in spring and differences between dairy farms possibly related to their maintenance conditions. After manure, sediments showed the highest proportion of STEC-positive samples, which is relevant due to the ability of these strains to survive in the environment through biofilm formation. Eight genetic profiles were identified among all STEC-positive samples, which are associated with STEC strains that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and other gastrointestinal diseases. This demonstrates the role of dairy farm environments in the region as reservoirs of pathogenic STEC strains and their impact on public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.003
Daniel Fernández Fellenz , Julia M. Ruiz , Analía I. Etcheverría , Rocio Colello , María V. Velez , Marcelo E. Sanz , Mónica D. Sparo , Sabina Lissarrague , Josefina Pereyra , Gustavo Zanelli , Nora L. Padola
Rectal swabs (122) from pediatric patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of EPEC and STEC. STEC isolates were tested for the presence of stx1, stx2, eae, saa and ehxA. All eae-positive samples were tested for the presence of bfpA, and antigen O was determined using the agglutination test. Int1 and Int2 were detected to identify the presence of integrons class 1 and 2, respectively. Escherichia coli was detected in 68% of the samples, of which 18.8% were STEC (2.45%) and EPEC (16.3%). Serogroups STEC O145 and EPEC O130, O113 and O157 were observed, while three strains were non-typable. None of the EPEC strains carrying tbfpA and class 1 and 2 integrons was detected in any of the samples. The results obtained are important considering the virulence profiles found in the isolated EPEC and STEC strains and the serogroups associated with disease in humans.
{"title":"Detection of EPEC and STEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Argentina","authors":"Daniel Fernández Fellenz , Julia M. Ruiz , Analía I. Etcheverría , Rocio Colello , María V. Velez , Marcelo E. Sanz , Mónica D. Sparo , Sabina Lissarrague , Josefina Pereyra , Gustavo Zanelli , Nora L. Padola","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rectal swabs (122) from pediatric patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of EPEC and STEC. STEC isolates were tested for the presence of <em>stx1</em>, <em>stx2</em>, <em>eae</em>, <em>saa</em> and <em>ehxA</em>. All <em>eae</em>-positive samples were tested for the presence of <em>bfpA</em>, and antigen O was determined using the agglutination test. <em>Int1</em> and <em>Int2</em> were detected to identify the presence of integrons class 1 and 2, respectively. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was detected in 68% of the samples, of which 18.8% were STEC (2.45%) and EPEC (16.3%). Serogroups STEC O145 and EPEC O130, O113 and O157 were observed, while three strains were non-typable. None of the EPEC strains carrying t<em>bfpA</em> and class 1 and 2 integrons was detected in any of the samples. The results obtained are important considering the virulence profiles found in the isolated EPEC and STEC strains and the serogroups associated with disease in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.008
Arturo Gonzales-Rodriguez , Juan Carlos Gómez-de-la-Torre , Luis Alvarado , Edgar Gonzales Escalante
Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) is the main cause of the global spread of KPC and a significant public health problem. In 2015, ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) was introduced as a therapeutic alternative and since it has contributed to the development of new KPC variants. Here we present the identification of two consecutive isolations of K. pneumoniae ST258 (KP1 and KP2), from a patient with urinary tract infection. KP1 and KP2 harbored blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-35, respectively. KP2 exhibited a modified susceptibility profile to carbapenems and resistance to CZA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae ST258 in Peru, which highlights the increasing problem of CZA resistance.
{"title":"First report of KPC-35-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 isolated in Peru","authors":"Arturo Gonzales-Rodriguez , Juan Carlos Gómez-de-la-Torre , Luis Alvarado , Edgar Gonzales Escalante","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> sequence type 258 (ST258) is the main cause of the global spread of KPC and a significant public health problem. In 2015, ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) was introduced as a therapeutic alternative and since it has contributed to the development of new KPC variants. Here we present the identification of two consecutive isolations of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> ST258 (KP1 and KP2), from a patient with urinary tract infection. KP1 and KP2 harbored <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-2</sub> and <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-35</sub>, respectively. KP2 exhibited a modified susceptibility profile to carbapenems and resistance to CZA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> ST258 in Peru, which highlights the increasing problem of CZA resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.006
Sandra Y. Valencia-Castillo , Mayte J. Hernández-Beza , Irisbeth Powell-Cerda , Erika Acosta-Cruz , Guadalupe C. Rodríguez-Castillejos , Fernando Siller-López , Humberto Martínez-Montoya
Human breast milk (HBM) is a vital source of macronutrients and micronutrients that are crucial for an infant's development. Recent studies have shown that HBM contains diverse microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and anaerobic fungi. Additionally, novel research has revealed that individuals with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, are prone to dysbiosis in their gut microbiome. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on HBM and the pair mother–infant gut microbiota. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two groups from Pereira, Colombia: a GDM group and a non-GDM group. Each group consisted of five infants and their mothers. HBM and stool samples were collected from GDM and non-GDM mother–infant pairs. DNA was purified, and the 16S V3–V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Reads obtained were quality filtered and classified by homology according to the Ribosomal Small Subunit SILVA database. We found significant differences in the relative abundances of gut bacteria between GDM and non-GDM groups. Notably, Bifidobacterium, Serratia and Sutterella were negatively associated in women's gut with GDM. In HBM, Sutterella, Serratia and Lactococcus were found in low RA in the GDM group. Moreover, in the infants, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Sutterella, Serratia, Streptococcus, and Veillonella had a low presence in GDM. Our findings indicate that there are variations in gut bacteriome profiles between healthy women and those with GDM. These variations may impact the bacterial diversity in HBM, potentially leading to gut bacterial dysbiosis in their infants.
{"title":"Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus in gut and human breast milk microbiome in Colombian women and their infants","authors":"Sandra Y. Valencia-Castillo , Mayte J. Hernández-Beza , Irisbeth Powell-Cerda , Erika Acosta-Cruz , Guadalupe C. Rodríguez-Castillejos , Fernando Siller-López , Humberto Martínez-Montoya","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human breast milk (HBM) is a vital source of macronutrients and micronutrients that are crucial for an infant's development. Recent studies have shown that HBM contains diverse microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and anaerobic fungi. Additionally, novel research has revealed that individuals with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, are prone to dysbiosis in their gut microbiome. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on HBM and the pair mother–infant gut microbiota. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two groups from Pereira, Colombia: a GDM group and a non-GDM group. Each group consisted of five infants and their mothers. HBM and stool samples were collected from GDM and non-GDM mother–infant pairs. DNA was purified, and the 16S V3–V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Reads obtained were quality filtered and classified by homology according to the Ribosomal Small Subunit SILVA database. We found significant differences in the relative abundances of gut bacteria between GDM and non-GDM groups. Notably, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Serratia</em> and <em>Sutterella</em> were negatively associated in women's gut with GDM. In HBM, <em>Sutterella</em>, <em>Serratia</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em> were found in low RA in the GDM group. Moreover, in the infants, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Sutterella</em>, <em>Serratia</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>, and <em>Veillonella</em> had a low presence in GDM. Our findings indicate that there are variations in gut bacteriome profiles between healthy women and those with GDM. These variations may impact the bacterial diversity in HBM, potentially leading to gut bacterial dysbiosis in their infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite conducting studies to investigate food contamination in hospitals in different parts of Iran in recent years, there have been no reliable studies to identify Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium perfringens in hospital food in Mashhad. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating some major foodborne pathogens in hospital food. In this study, 360 food samples were randomly selected from 12 different menus from 13 hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Microbial culture methods for the recovery/isolation or enumeration of Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp. and C. perfringens as well as toxinotyping of C. perfringens using the PCR method were performed. B. cereus and C. perfringens were detected in 4 out of 360 food samples, 2 (0.55%) of which were B. cereus and, the remaining 2 (0.55%) were C. perfringens; B. subtilis was not detected in any of the food samples. Furthermore, Salmonella was found in 21 (5.82%) food samples, 12 (3.33%) of which were S. Typhimurium, 4 (1.11%) were S. Enteritidis, and 5 (1.38%) belonged to other Salmonella species. The most contaminated foods were salad, kebab, and rice samples, which accounted for 36%, 16%, and 12% of the contaminated foods, respectively. In our study, two strains of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, were the primary causative agents of food contamination among the investigated pathogens. More stringent control measures should be implemented in hospital catering, particularly for unprocessed foods such as salads.
{"title":"Identification of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium perfringens in hospital food","authors":"Mohammad Hashemi , Arefeh Erfani , Fateme Asadi Touranlou , Maliheh Doustinouri , Afsaneh Shahraki , Asma Afshari","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite conducting studies to investigate food contamination in hospitals in different parts of Iran in recent years, there have been no reliable studies to identify <em>Salmonella</em> Enteritidis, <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> in hospital food in Mashhad. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating some major foodborne pathogens in hospital food. In this study, 360 food samples were randomly selected from 12 different menus from 13 hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Microbial culture methods for the recovery/isolation or enumeration of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Bacillus</em> spp. and <em>C. perfringens</em> as well as toxinotyping of <em>C. perfringens</em> using the PCR method were performed. <em>B. cereus</em> and <em>C. perfringens</em> were detected in 4 out of 360 food samples, 2 (0.55%) of which were <em>B. cereus</em> and, the remaining 2 (0.55%) were <em>C. perfringens</em>; <em>B. subtilis</em> was not detected in any of the food samples. Furthermore, <em>Salmonella</em> was found in 21 (5.82%) food samples, 12 (3.33%) of which were <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, 4 (1.11%) were <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, and 5 (1.38%) belonged to other <em>Salmonella</em> species. The most contaminated foods were salad, kebab, and rice samples, which accounted for 36%, 16%, and 12% of the contaminated foods, respectively. In our study, two strains of <em>S.</em> Typhimurium and <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, were the primary causative agents of food contamination among the investigated pathogens. More stringent control measures should be implemented in hospital catering, particularly for unprocessed foods such as salads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.007
Claudia Soria-Segarra , Carmen Soria-Segarra , José Gutierrez-Fernandez
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have increased in the last decade. In low-income countries, colistin is considered a last resort antimicrobial to treat CPE infections, whose most worrisome mechanism of resistance is MCR-1 production. This study aims to understand the epidemiology of colistin resistance in CPE in the region, through the surveillance of the mcr-1 gene in CPE isolates in Ecuador. A total of 361 CPE isolates were collected across three periods, from 2016 to 2022. Colistin resistance was assessed using the broth microdilution method and the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding genes and the mcr-1 gene were studied. Colistin resistance rate increased from 3.76% to 23.74% during the study period. The mcr-1 gene was not identified in any of the isolates studied and Klebsiella pneumoniaeblaKPC was the most prevalent microorganism (n = 322; 89.20%). In conclusion, colistin resistance increased in CPE in Ecuador and was not mediated by the mcr-1 gene. Our results highlight the need to closely monitor national politics on antimicrobial resistance under the One Health Approach.
{"title":"Epidemiology of colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1 in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Ecuador in three periods from 2016 to 2022","authors":"Claudia Soria-Segarra , Carmen Soria-Segarra , José Gutierrez-Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CPE) have increased in the last decade. In low-income countries, colistin is considered a last resort antimicrobial to treat CPE infections, whose most worrisome mechanism of resistance is MCR-1 production. This study aims to understand the epidemiology of colistin resistance in CPE in the region, through the surveillance of the <em>mcr-1</em> gene in CPE isolates in Ecuador. A total of 361 CPE isolates were collected across three periods, from 2016 to 2022. Colistin resistance was assessed using the broth microdilution method and the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding genes and the <em>mcr-1</em> gene were studied. Colistin resistance rate increased from 3.76% to 23.74% during the study period. The <em>mcr-1</em> gene was not identified in any of the isolates studied and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> <em>bla</em><sub>KPC</sub> was the most prevalent microorganism (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->322; 89.20%). In conclusion, colistin resistance increased in CPE in Ecuador and was not mediated by the <em>mcr-1</em> gene. Our results highlight the need to closely monitor national politics on antimicrobial resistance under the One Health Approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.05.004
Juliano Gasparetto , Leandro Bressianini Jurkonis , Leticia Ramos Dantas , Paula Hansen Suss , Felipe Francisco Tuon
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of an in-house low-cost tracheostomy tube impregnated with chlorhexidine and violet crystal. The impregnated tracheostomy tubes demonstrated antimicrobial activity, including for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Fourteen patients were evaluated. During ventilation, VAP occurred in one patient in the coated group and in three patients in the control group (p = 0.28). A reduction of biofilm cells was observed. This study provides preliminary evidence to support that the antiseptic impregnation of a tracheostomy tube provides significant antimicrobial activity.
{"title":"Low-cost antiseptic-impregnated tracheostomy tube for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: In vitro and pilot study in humans","authors":"Juliano Gasparetto , Leandro Bressianini Jurkonis , Leticia Ramos Dantas , Paula Hansen Suss , Felipe Francisco Tuon","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of an in-house low-cost tracheostomy tube impregnated with chlorhexidine and violet crystal. The impregnated tracheostomy tubes demonstrated antimicrobial activity, including for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Fourteen patients were evaluated. During ventilation, VAP occurred in one patient in the coated group and in three patients in the control group (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.28). A reduction of biofilm cells was observed. This study provides preliminary evidence to support that the antiseptic impregnation of a tracheostomy tube provides significant antimicrobial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"56 4","pages":"Pages 359-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.08.001
Ana C. Gomez-Yanes , Karina D. Garcia-Orozco , Veronica Vazquez-Villarce , Elena N. Moreno-Cordova , Veronica Mata-Haro , Marcia Leyva-Gastelum , Adan Valenzuela-Castillo , Alonso A. Lopez-Zavala , Ana M. Calderon de la Barca , Jesus G. Valenzuela , Rogerio R. Sotelo-Mundo
The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) is the vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in Northern Mexico and Southwestern United States. The immune response to a tick protein in the sera of humans or animals may reveal the zones with a high propensity to acquire RMSF, and vector control strategies may be focused on these zones. Arginine kinase (AK) is a highly antigenic invertebrate protein that may serve as a marker for tick exposure. We used R. sanguineus recombinant AK in an indirect ELISA assay with RMSF-positive patient sera. The response to AK was significantly higher against the sera of RMSF patients than the control sera from healthy participants without contact with dogs. To validate the antigenicity of tick AK, we mutated one predicted conformational epitope to alanine residues, which reduced the recognition by RMSF patients’ immunoglobulins. This preliminary result opens a perspective towards the development of a complimentary technique based on RsAK as an antigen biomarker for vector serological surveillance for Rickettsia RMSF prevention.
棕狗蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus）是落基山斑疹热（RMSF）病原体立克次体在墨西哥北部和美国西南部的传播媒介。人或动物血清中对蜱蛋白的免疫反应可能会揭示洛矶山斑疹热的高发区，病媒控制策略可能会侧重于这些区域。精氨酸激酶（AK）是一种高抗原性的无脊椎动物蛋白，可作为蜱接触的标记物。我们使用 R. sanguineus 重组 AK 与 RMSF 阳性患者血清进行间接 ELISA 检测。RMSF 患者血清对 AK 的反应明显高于未接触过狗的健康参与者的对照血清。为了验证蜱虫 AK 的抗原性，我们将一个预测的构象表位突变为丙氨酸残基，从而降低了 RMSF 患者免疫球蛋白的识别率。这一初步结果为开发基于RsAK的辅助技术开辟了前景，RsAK是一种抗原生物标记物，可用于预防立克次体RMSF的病媒血清学监测。
{"title":"The potential use of arginine kinase from the brown tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus as a biomarker for vector exposure in the surveillance of Rocky Mountain spotted fever","authors":"Ana C. Gomez-Yanes , Karina D. Garcia-Orozco , Veronica Vazquez-Villarce , Elena N. Moreno-Cordova , Veronica Mata-Haro , Marcia Leyva-Gastelum , Adan Valenzuela-Castillo , Alonso A. Lopez-Zavala , Ana M. Calderon de la Barca , Jesus G. Valenzuela , Rogerio R. Sotelo-Mundo","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown dog tick (<em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em>) is the vector of <em>Rickettsia rickettsii</em>, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in Northern Mexico and Southwestern United States. The immune response to a tick protein in the sera of humans or animals may reveal the zones with a high propensity to acquire RMSF, and vector control strategies may be focused on these zones. Arginine kinase (AK) is a highly antigenic invertebrate protein that may serve as a marker for tick exposure. We used <em>R. sanguineus</em> recombinant AK in an indirect ELISA assay with RMSF-positive patient sera. The response to AK was significantly higher against the sera of RMSF patients than the control sera from healthy participants without contact with dogs. To validate the antigenicity of tick AK, we mutated one predicted conformational epitope to alanine residues, which reduced the recognition by RMSF patients’ immunoglobulins. This preliminary result opens a perspective towards the development of a complimentary technique based on <em>Rs</em>AK as an antigen biomarker for vector serological surveillance for <em>Rickettsia</em> RMSF prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"56 4","pages":"Pages 364-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.12.007
Nohemí Catana-Botello , Pola Becerril-Montes , Jorge Castro-Garza , Francisco González-Salazar , Horacio Almanza-Reyes , María De Los Ángeles Del Bosque-Moncayo , Alejandro Morales-Vargas , Víctor Manuel Velázquez-Moreno
Tuberculosis remains a serious threat to human health as an infectious disease in Mexico. Data about the genotypes of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (MTB) in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico are scarce. We aimed to determine the genotypes of circulating MTB belonging to the Beijing lineage recovered from patients in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A total of 406 MTB isolates from this state were genotyped using the spoligotyping method and 18-locus MIRU-VNTR. Lineage classification and MTB transmission analysis were performed. Based on the spoligotyping analysis, we found 24 strains belonging to the Beijing genotype that were characterized phylogenetically. The MIRUs showed greater discriminatory power than the standard RFLP-IS6110 method; therefore, the greatest allelic diversity among the Beijing strains was observed with MIRU10, MIRU31, MIRU39, MRU40, and MIRU 26. MVLA analysis showed a profile variation between Beijing and non-Beijing strains. The minimum spanning tree (MST) showed that 79% (19) of the strains are related. All Beijing strains exhibited the deletion of region TbD1, which is a characteristic of modern strains. The application of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR-18 methods together proved to be more sensitive, discriminatory, and rapid than the standard method for the epidemiological analysis of Mycobacterium Beijing isolates. This study is one of the first to describe the genomic diversity of M. Beijing in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico","authors":"Nohemí Catana-Botello , Pola Becerril-Montes , Jorge Castro-Garza , Francisco González-Salazar , Horacio Almanza-Reyes , María De Los Ángeles Del Bosque-Moncayo , Alejandro Morales-Vargas , Víctor Manuel Velázquez-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.ram.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ram.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis remains a serious threat to human health as an infectious disease in Mexico. Data about the genotypes of circulating <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> isolates (MTB) in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico are scarce. We aimed to determine the genotypes of circulating MTB belonging to the Beijing lineage recovered from patients in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A total of 406 MTB isolates from this state were genotyped using the spoligotyping method and 18-locus MIRU-VNTR. Lineage classification and MTB transmission analysis were performed. Based on the spoligotyping analysis, we found 24 strains belonging to the Beijing genotype that were characterized phylogenetically. The MIRUs showed greater discriminatory power than the standard RFLP-IS6110 method; therefore, the greatest allelic diversity among the Beijing strains was observed with MIRU10, MIRU31, MIRU39, MRU40, and MIRU 26. MVLA analysis showed a profile variation between Beijing and non-Beijing strains. The minimum spanning tree (MST) showed that 79% (19) of the strains are related. All Beijing strains exhibited the deletion of region TbD1, which is a characteristic of modern strains. The application of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR-18 methods together proved to be more sensitive, discriminatory, and rapid than the standard method for the epidemiological analysis of <em>Mycobacterium Beijing</em> isolates. This study is one of the first to describe the genomic diversity of <em>M. Beijing</em> in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21163,"journal":{"name":"Revista Argentina de microbiologia","volume":"56 4","pages":"Pages 380-389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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