Hong Wang, Xiujun Xie, Wenhui Gu, Zhenbing Zheng, Jintao Zhuo, Zhizhuo Shao, Li Huan, Baoyu Zhang, Jianfeng Niu, Shan Gao, Xulei Wang, Guangce Wang
{"title":"Gene editing of economic macroalga Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) will promote its development into a model species of marine algae","authors":"Hong Wang, Xiujun Xie, Wenhui Gu, Zhenbing Zheng, Jintao Zhuo, Zhizhuo Shao, Li Huan, Baoyu Zhang, Jianfeng Niu, Shan Gao, Xulei Wang, Guangce Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xylem air embolism is the primary cause of drought-related tree mortality. Phenotypic plasticity of xylem traits is key for species acclimation to environmental variability and evolution. It is widely believed that plants increase xylem embolism resistance in response to drought. However, I argue that this hypothesis, based on extensive literature, relies on sampling methods that overlook predictable anatomical patterns, potentially biasing our understanding of acclimation and adaptation strategies.
{"title":"An appreciation of apex-to-base variation in xylem traits will lead to more precise understanding of xylem phenotypic plasticity","authors":"Giai Petit","doi":"10.1111/nph.20109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Xylem air embolism is the primary cause of drought-related tree mortality. Phenotypic plasticity of xylem traits is key for species acclimation to environmental variability and evolution. It is widely believed that plants increase xylem embolism resistance in response to drought. However, I argue that this hypothesis, based on extensive literature, relies on sampling methods that overlook predictable anatomical patterns, potentially biasing our understanding of acclimation and adaptation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weak link or strong foundation? Vulnerability of fine root networks and stems to xylem embolism","authors":"Beatrice L. Harrison Day, Craig R. Brodersen, Timothy J. Brodribb","doi":"10.1111/nph.20115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haichuan Le, Jiangtao Mao, Jeannine Cavender‐Bares, Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma, Ying Deng, Changming Zhao, Gaoming Xiong, Wenting Xu, Zongqiang Xie
SummaryDarwin's two opposing hypotheses, proposing that non‐native species closely or distantly related to native species are more likely to succeed, are known as ‘Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum’. Recently, invasion ecologists have sought to unravel these hypotheses. Studies that incorporate rich observational data in disturbed ecosystems that integrate phylogenetic and functional perspectives have potential to shed light on the conundrum.Using 313 invaded plant communities including 46 invasive plant species and 531 native plant species across the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, we aim to evaluate the coexistence mechanisms of invasive and native plants by integrating phylogenetic and functional dimensions at spatial and temporal scales.Our findings revealed that invasive plants tended to co‐occur more frequently with native plant species that were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar in the reservoir riparian zone. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the filtering of flood‐dry‐flood cycles played a significant role in deepening functional similarities of native communities and invasive‐native species over time.Our study highlights the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity between invasive and native species in highly flood‐disturbed habitats, providing new sights into Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum.
{"title":"Non‐native plants tend to be phylogenetically distant but functionally similar to native plants under intense disturbance at the Three Gorges Reservoir Area","authors":"Haichuan Le, Jiangtao Mao, Jeannine Cavender‐Bares, Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma, Ying Deng, Changming Zhao, Gaoming Xiong, Wenting Xu, Zongqiang Xie","doi":"10.1111/nph.20126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20126","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Darwin's two opposing hypotheses, proposing that non‐native species closely or distantly related to native species are more likely to succeed, are known as ‘Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum’. Recently, invasion ecologists have sought to unravel these hypotheses. Studies that incorporate rich observational data in disturbed ecosystems that integrate phylogenetic and functional perspectives have potential to shed light on the conundrum.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Using 313 invaded plant communities including 46 invasive plant species and 531 native plant species across the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, we aim to evaluate the coexistence mechanisms of invasive and native plants by integrating phylogenetic and functional dimensions at spatial and temporal scales.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings revealed that invasive plants tended to co‐occur more frequently with native plant species that were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar in the reservoir riparian zone. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the filtering of flood‐dry‐flood cycles played a significant role in deepening functional similarities of native communities and invasive‐native species over time.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our study highlights the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity between invasive and native species in highly flood‐disturbed habitats, providing new sights into Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingbing Lv, Huaiyu Deng, Jia Wei, Qiaoqiao Feng, Bo Liu, Anqi Zuo, Yichen Bai, Jingying Liu, Juane Dong, Pengda Ma
Salvia miltiorrhiza holds significant importance in traditional Chinese medicine. Stress-associated proteins (SAP), identified by A20/AN1 zinc finger structural domains, play crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and hormone responses.
Herein, we conducted a genome-wide identification of the SAP gene family in S. miltiorrhiza. The expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of SmSAP4 under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salt stress. Overexpressing SmSAP4 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots increased tanshinones content while decreasing salvianolic acids content, while RNAi-silencing SmSAP4 had the opposite effect. SmSAP4 overexpression in both Arabidopsis thaliana and S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots decreased their salt stress tolerance, accompanied by increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and a hindered ability to maintain the Na+ : K+ ratio.
Further investigations demonstrated that MeJA alleviated the inhibitory effect of SmJAZ3 on SmSAP4 activation by SmbHLH37 and SmERF73. However, MeJA did not affect the inhibition of SmSAP4 activation by SmJAZ8 through SmbHLH37.
In summary, our research reveals that SmSAP4 negatively regulates the accumulation of salvianic acid through the SmJAZs-SmbHLH37/SmERF73-SmSAP4 module and positively impacting the accumulation of tanshinones. Additionally, it functions as a negative regulator under salt stress.
{"title":"SmJAZs-SmbHLH37/SmERF73-SmSAP4 module mediates jasmonic acid signaling to balance biosynthesis of medicinal metabolites and salt tolerance in Salvia miltiorrhiza","authors":"Bingbing Lv, Huaiyu Deng, Jia Wei, Qiaoqiao Feng, Bo Liu, Anqi Zuo, Yichen Bai, Jingying Liu, Juane Dong, Pengda Ma","doi":"10.1111/nph.20110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li><i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> holds significant importance in traditional Chinese medicine. Stress-associated proteins (SAP), identified by A20/AN1 zinc finger structural domains, play crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and hormone responses.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Herein, we conducted a genome-wide identification of the SAP gene family in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>. The expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of <i>SmSAP4</i> under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salt stress. Overexpressing <i>SmSAP4</i> in <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> hairy roots increased tanshinones content while decreasing salvianolic acids content, while RNAi-silencing <i>SmSAP4</i> had the opposite effect. <i>SmSAP4</i> overexpression in both <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> hairy roots decreased their salt stress tolerance, accompanied by increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and a hindered ability to maintain the Na<sup>+</sup> : K<sup>+</sup> ratio.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Further investigations demonstrated that MeJA alleviated the inhibitory effect of SmJAZ3 on <i>SmSAP4</i> activation by SmbHLH37 and SmERF73. However, MeJA did not affect the inhibition of <i>SmSAP4</i> activation by SmJAZ8 through SmbHLH37.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>In summary, our research reveals that <i>SmSAP4</i> negatively regulates the accumulation of salvianic acid through the SmJAZs-SmbHLH37/SmERF73-<i>SmSAP4</i> module and positively impacting the accumulation of tanshinones. Additionally, it functions as a negative regulator under salt stress.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chung-Ting Kao, Fan-Wei Yang, Meng-Chen Wu, Tzu-Huan Hung, Chen-Wei Hu, Chiu-Hua Chen, Pin-Chien Liou, Te-Lun Mai, Chia-Chih Chang, Tung-Yi Lin, Ying-Lan Chen, Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin, Jung-Chen Su
Monolignol serves as the building blocks to constitute lignin, the second abundant polymer on Earth. Despite two decades of diligent efforts, complete identification of all metabolites in the currently proposed monolignol biosynthesis pathway has proven elusive. This limitation also hampers their potential application. One of the primary obstacles is the challenge of assembling a collection of all molecules, because many are commercially unavailable or prohibitively costly. In this study, we established systematic pipelines to synthesize all 24 molecules through the conversions between functional groups on a core structure followed by the application to other core structures. We successfully identified all of them in Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis, two representative species respectively from malpighiales and myrtales in angiosperms. Knowledge about monolignol metabolite chemosynthesis and identification will form the foundation for future studies.
{"title":"Systematic synthesis and identification of monolignol pathway metabolites","authors":"Chung-Ting Kao, Fan-Wei Yang, Meng-Chen Wu, Tzu-Huan Hung, Chen-Wei Hu, Chiu-Hua Chen, Pin-Chien Liou, Te-Lun Mai, Chia-Chih Chang, Tung-Yi Lin, Ying-Lan Chen, Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin, Jung-Chen Su","doi":"10.1111/nph.20101","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monolignol serves as the building blocks to constitute lignin, the second abundant polymer on Earth. Despite two decades of diligent efforts, complete identification of all metabolites in the currently proposed monolignol biosynthesis pathway has proven elusive. This limitation also hampers their potential application. One of the primary obstacles is the challenge of assembling a collection of all molecules, because many are commercially unavailable or prohibitively costly. In this study, we established systematic pipelines to synthesize all 24 molecules through the conversions between functional groups on a core structure followed by the application to other core structures. We successfully identified all of them in <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> and <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>, two representative species respectively from malpighiales and myrtales in angiosperms. Knowledge about monolignol metabolite chemosynthesis and identification will form the foundation for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan Muchhala, Juan Moreira-Hernández, Alejandro Zuluaga
<p>Botanists have long recognized that the traits of a flower can often be used to predict its primary pollinator and began formalizing descriptions in the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century of suites of traits, or pollination syndromes, associated with each pollinator type (Vogel, <span>1954</span>; van der Pijl, <span>1961</span>). These traits tend to evolve together during evolutionary shifts to different pollinators, and similar suites of traits will convergently evolve in distantly related taxa (Fenster <i>et al</i>., <span>2004</span>; Dellinger, <span>2020</span>). For instance, the syndrome of chiropterophily, or adaptation to pollination by bats, includes flowers with wide, bell-shaped corollas, dull coloration, musty odors, and copious pollen, which are well-exposed relative to the rest of the plant's foliage (Vogel, <span>1958</span>; von Helversen, <span>1993</span>; Fleming <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). The consistent appearance of many of these traits in association with bat pollination strongly suggests an adaptive significance, and in some cases, experimental work confirms this assumption. For instance, wide flowers help to guide bats during visits to ensure consistent pollen placement on specific regions of their heads (Muchhala, <span>2007</span>), and strong sulfuric scents help to attract bats (von Helversen <i>et al</i>., <span>2000</span>). Additionally, experiments suggest that copious pollen production is selected for due to the fact that bat fur can carry more pollen than feathers or insect bodies, leading to male–male competition, which favors increased pollen production per flower (Muchhala & Thomson, <span>2010</span>). However, the adaptive significance of well-exposed flowers remains obscure.</p><p>Chiropterophilous plants achieve this increased exposure through various methods. Some woody plants position their flowers on the main trunk or branches (termed ‘cauliflory’), as seen in <i>Crescentia cujete</i> (Diniz <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). Many epiphytes and lianas hang their flowers below the foliage on long rope-like stems (‘flagelliflory’), such as <i>Mucuna holtonii</i> (von Helversen & von Helversen, <span>1999</span>) and <i>Weberocereus tunilla</i> (Tschapka <i>et al</i>., <span>1999</span>). And bat-pollinated herbs and shrubs frequently position their flowers above their foliage (‘styliflory’) via a tall central flowering stalk, such as <i>Aphelandra acanthus</i> (Muchhala <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>) and <i>Werauhia gladioliflora</i> (Tschapka & von Helversen, <span>2007</span>), or via long floral stems (pedicels), such as <i>Adenocalymma dichilum</i> (Domingos-Melo <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>) and <i>Burmeistera borjensis</i> (Muchhala, <span>2006</span>). A phylogenetic comparative analysis across <i>c</i>. 24 shifts between bat and hummingbird pollination in the centropogonid clade (<i>Burmeistera</i>, <i>Siphocampylus</i>, and <i>Centropogon</i>) of Campanulaceae
也许最重要的是，一朵花的暴露程度越高，它被传粉昆虫发现的几率就越大；未被发现的花朵当然就无法繁殖。从 von Helversen & von Helversen（1999 年）的实验中也可以看出，有效的线索对最大限度地提高发现率的重要性，该实验表明，M. holtonii 花朵上部弯曲的花瓣是蜜蝠的声音向导，去掉这个花瓣后，蜜蝠的到访率从 88% 降至 21%。耳朵不能像眼睛那样精确地定位声波的来源，因为每只耳朵只有一个鼓膜，而每只眼睛有多个感光器，它们共同提供一个二维图像。因此，靠近焦点物体的任何其他回声源都会遮蔽焦点物体，产生不必要的 "杂波回声"（参阅 Schnitzler 等人，2003 年），这些回声会与目标回声重叠。研究发现，在杂波中觅食时，食虫蝙蝠会转而更多地依赖视觉（Eklöf 等人，2002 年），采蜜蝙蝠会转而更多地依赖气味（Muchhala & Serrano, 2015 年），这与回声定位在这种情况下成为不太可靠的感官模式的观点一致。有趣的是，在蝙蝠授粉的仙人掌中发现的另一种减少杂乱回声的进化方法不是将花朵从其植被部分移开，而是在花朵周围进化出吸收超声波的绒毛，从而使花朵回声更加明显（Simon 等人，2023 年）。例如，肉质茎蛙的花会散发出一种发霉的气味；可能是花的暴露程度越高，气味羽流就越强（参见 Vickers 等人，2001 年），通过叶片与空气流动的相互作用，长茎有助于散发气味线索。此外，我们注意到，我们的实验是在光线相对充足的条件下进行的，这是因为我们使用了头灯、月光和路灯的光污染；因此，蝙蝠在觅食时也可能依赖视觉。如果能在不同的光照水平下重复实验，从相当于满月的光照到零光照（使用红外相机记录蝙蝠的行为），将会很有启发性。我们预测，我们记录的模式在低光照条件下会更加夸张，例如在新月期间和/或森林底层深处，蝙蝠需要完全依赖回声定位而不是视觉。因此，长茎干的益处可能是由于视觉、嗅觉或回声线索的某种组合增强所致，进一步的实验可能有助于将其区分开来。我们的实验设计中有一个潜在的干扰变量，那就是我们总是在实验的第一天进行简单背景的试验，而在第二天进行复杂背景的试验。事实上，以前的研究确实表明，蜜蝠能够通过一段时间的学习来提高任务表现（Muchhala & Serrano, 2015）。总之，在导言中概述的关于暴露程度高的花朵进化的三个假设中，我们的结果支持这样的观点，即暴露增加了透明度，使花朵更容易通过回声定位探测到。结果并不支持长茎是为了适应蝙蝠翅膀运动学而进化的假说；在我们的实验中，无论是长茎还是短茎处理，蝙蝠都能有效地在花前盘旋。实验结果同样也不支持长茎是为了降低捕食风险而进化的观点，因为这似乎无法解释为什么在复杂背景下蝙蝠对花朵的定位与在简单背景下蝙蝠对花朵的定位存在差异。也许有人会说，蝙蝠在长茎花前停留的时间更长，是因为蝙蝠认为捕食风险更大，所以在花前调查和盘旋的时间更长，但我们并没有注意到这种影响。长茎花和短茎花之间的时间差是由于蝙蝠在四根竿子之间的搜索时间造成的，而不是在找到花后围绕竿子探索性飞行造成的。
{"title":"Making yourself heard: why well-exposed flowers are an adaptation for bat pollination","authors":"Nathan Muchhala, Juan Moreira-Hernández, Alejandro Zuluaga","doi":"10.1111/nph.20075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Botanists have long recognized that the traits of a flower can often be used to predict its primary pollinator and began formalizing descriptions in the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century of suites of traits, or pollination syndromes, associated with each pollinator type (Vogel, <span>1954</span>; van der Pijl, <span>1961</span>). These traits tend to evolve together during evolutionary shifts to different pollinators, and similar suites of traits will convergently evolve in distantly related taxa (Fenster <i>et al</i>., <span>2004</span>; Dellinger, <span>2020</span>). For instance, the syndrome of chiropterophily, or adaptation to pollination by bats, includes flowers with wide, bell-shaped corollas, dull coloration, musty odors, and copious pollen, which are well-exposed relative to the rest of the plant's foliage (Vogel, <span>1958</span>; von Helversen, <span>1993</span>; Fleming <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). The consistent appearance of many of these traits in association with bat pollination strongly suggests an adaptive significance, and in some cases, experimental work confirms this assumption. For instance, wide flowers help to guide bats during visits to ensure consistent pollen placement on specific regions of their heads (Muchhala, <span>2007</span>), and strong sulfuric scents help to attract bats (von Helversen <i>et al</i>., <span>2000</span>). Additionally, experiments suggest that copious pollen production is selected for due to the fact that bat fur can carry more pollen than feathers or insect bodies, leading to male–male competition, which favors increased pollen production per flower (Muchhala & Thomson, <span>2010</span>). However, the adaptive significance of well-exposed flowers remains obscure.</p><p>Chiropterophilous plants achieve this increased exposure through various methods. Some woody plants position their flowers on the main trunk or branches (termed ‘cauliflory’), as seen in <i>Crescentia cujete</i> (Diniz <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>). Many epiphytes and lianas hang their flowers below the foliage on long rope-like stems (‘flagelliflory’), such as <i>Mucuna holtonii</i> (von Helversen & von Helversen, <span>1999</span>) and <i>Weberocereus tunilla</i> (Tschapka <i>et al</i>., <span>1999</span>). And bat-pollinated herbs and shrubs frequently position their flowers above their foliage (‘styliflory’) via a tall central flowering stalk, such as <i>Aphelandra acanthus</i> (Muchhala <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>) and <i>Werauhia gladioliflora</i> (Tschapka & von Helversen, <span>2007</span>), or via long floral stems (pedicels), such as <i>Adenocalymma dichilum</i> (Domingos-Melo <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>) and <i>Burmeistera borjensis</i> (Muchhala, <span>2006</span>). A phylogenetic comparative analysis across <i>c</i>. 24 shifts between bat and hummingbird pollination in the centropogonid clade (<i>Burmeistera</i>, <i>Siphocampylus</i>, and <i>Centropogon</i>) of Campanulaceae ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guang-Jiu Hao, Jun Ying, Lu-Shen Li, Fei Yu, Shan-Shan Dun, Le-Yan Su, Xin-Ying Zhao, Sha Li, Yan Zhang
Style penetration by pollen tubes is essential for reproductive success, a process requiring canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis. However, functional loss of Arabidopsis Vps9a, the gene encoding for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rab5s, did not affect male transmission, implying the presence of a compensation program or redundancy.
By combining genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches, we report that Arabidopsis Vps9b is a pollen-preferential gene, redundantly mediating pollen tube penetration of style with Vps9a.
Vps9b is functionally interchangeable with Vps9a, whose functional distinction results from distinct expression profiles.
Functional loss of Vps9a and Vps9b results in the mis-targeting of Rab5-dependent tonoplast proteins, defective vacuolar biogenesis, disturbed distribution of post-Golgi vesicles, increased cellular turgor, cytosolic acidification, and disrupted organization of actin microfilaments (MF) in pollen tubes, which collectively lead to the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style.
{"title":"Two functionally interchangeable Vps9 isoforms mediate pollen tube penetration of style","authors":"Guang-Jiu Hao, Jun Ying, Lu-Shen Li, Fei Yu, Shan-Shan Dun, Le-Yan Su, Xin-Ying Zhao, Sha Li, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Style penetration by pollen tubes is essential for reproductive success, a process requiring canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis. However, functional loss of Arabidopsis Vps9a, the gene encoding for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rab5s, did not affect male transmission, implying the presence of a compensation program or redundancy.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>By combining genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches, we report that Arabidopsis <i>Vps9b</i> is a pollen-preferential gene, redundantly mediating pollen tube penetration of style with <i>Vps9a</i>.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Vps9b is functionally interchangeable with Vps9a, whose functional distinction results from distinct expression profiles.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Functional loss of <i>Vps9a</i> and <i>Vps9b</i> results in the mis-targeting of Rab5-dependent tonoplast proteins, defective vacuolar biogenesis, disturbed distribution of post-Golgi vesicles, increased cellular turgor, cytosolic acidification, and disrupted organization of actin microfilaments (MF) in pollen tubes, which collectively lead to the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first step in carbon (C) turnover, where senesced plant biomass is converted through various pathways into compounds that are released to the atmosphere or incorporated into the soil, is termed litter decomposition. This review is focused on recent advances of how solar radiation can affect this important process in terrestrial ecosystems. We explore the photochemical degradation of plant litter and its consequences for biotic decomposition and C cycling. The ubiquitous presence of lignin in plant tissues poses an important challenge for enzymatic litter decomposition due to its biological recalcitrance, creating a substantial bottleneck for decomposer organisms. The recognition that lignin is also photolabile and can be rapidly altered by natural doses of sunlight to increase access to cell wall carbohydrates and even bolster the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes highlights a novel role for lignin in modulating rates of litter decomposition. Lignin represents a key functional connector between photochemistry and biochemistry with important consequences for our understanding of how sunlight exposure may affect litter decomposition in a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems. A mechanistic understanding of how sunlight controls litter decomposition and C turnover can help inform management and other decisions related to mitigating human impact on the planet.
{"title":"Photodegradation in terrestrial ecosystems","authors":"Amy T. Austin, Carlos L. Ballaré","doi":"10.1111/nph.20105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first step in carbon (C) turnover, where senesced plant biomass is converted through various pathways into compounds that are released to the atmosphere or incorporated into the soil, is termed litter decomposition. This review is focused on recent advances of how solar radiation can affect this important process in terrestrial ecosystems. We explore the photochemical degradation of plant litter and its consequences for biotic decomposition and C cycling. The ubiquitous presence of lignin in plant tissues poses an important challenge for enzymatic litter decomposition due to its biological recalcitrance, creating a substantial bottleneck for decomposer organisms. The recognition that lignin is also photolabile and can be rapidly altered by natural doses of sunlight to increase access to cell wall carbohydrates and even bolster the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes highlights a novel role for lignin in modulating rates of litter decomposition. Lignin represents a key functional connector between photochemistry and biochemistry with important consequences for our understanding of how sunlight exposure may affect litter decomposition in a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems. A mechanistic understanding of how sunlight controls litter decomposition and C turnover can help inform management and other decisions related to mitigating human impact on the planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saisai Cheng, Xin Gong, Wenfeng Xue, Paul Kardol, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Ning Ling, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu
Microbiota have co-evolved with plants over millions of years and are intimately linked to plants, ranging from symbiosis to pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the existence of a shared core microbiota across phylogenetically diverse plants remains limited.
A common garden field experiment was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere microbial communities of phylogenetically contrasting herbaceous families. Through a combination of metagenomic sequencing, analysis of plant economic traits, and soil biochemical properties, we aimed to elucidate the eco-evolutionary role of the core rhizosphere microbiota in light of plant economic strategies.
We identified a conserved core microbiota consisting of 278 taxa that was closely associated with the phylogeny of the plants studied. This core microbiota actively participated in multiple nitrogen metabolic processes and showed a strong correlation with the functional potential of rhizosphere nitrogen cycling, thereby serving as an extended trait in the plant nitrogen acquisition. Furthermore, our examination of simulated species loss revealed the crucial role of the core microbiota in maintaining the rhizosphere community's network stability.
Our study highlighted that the core microbiota, which exhibited a phylogenetically conserved association with plants, potentially represented an extension of the plant phenotype and played an important role in nitrogen acquisition. These findings held implications for the utilization of microbiota-mediated plant functions.
{"title":"Evolutionarily conserved core microbiota as an extended trait in nitrogen acquisition strategy of herbaceous species","authors":"Saisai Cheng, Xin Gong, Wenfeng Xue, Paul Kardol, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Ning Ling, Xiaoyun Chen, Manqiang Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20118","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Microbiota have co-evolved with plants over millions of years and are intimately linked to plants, ranging from symbiosis to pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the existence of a shared core microbiota across phylogenetically diverse plants remains limited.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>A common garden field experiment was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere microbial communities of phylogenetically contrasting herbaceous families. Through a combination of metagenomic sequencing, analysis of plant economic traits, and soil biochemical properties, we aimed to elucidate the eco-evolutionary role of the core rhizosphere microbiota in light of plant economic strategies.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We identified a conserved core microbiota consisting of 278 taxa that was closely associated with the phylogeny of the plants studied. This core microbiota actively participated in multiple nitrogen metabolic processes and showed a strong correlation with the functional potential of rhizosphere nitrogen cycling, thereby serving as an extended trait in the plant nitrogen acquisition. Furthermore, our examination of simulated species loss revealed the crucial role of the core microbiota in maintaining the rhizosphere community's network stability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Our study highlighted that the core microbiota, which exhibited a phylogenetically conserved association with plants, potentially represented an extension of the plant phenotype and played an important role in nitrogen acquisition. These findings held implications for the utilization of microbiota-mediated plant functions.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号