New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Leaf nonstructural carbohydrate residence time, not concentration, correlates with leaf functional traits following the leaf economic spectrum in woody plants","authors":"Shinichi Asao, Danielle A. Way, Matthew H. Turnbull, Mark Stitt, Nate G. McDowell, Peter B. Reich, Keith J. Bloomfield, Joana Zaragoza-Castells, Danielle Creek, Odhran O'Sullivan, Kristine Y. Crous, John J.G. Egerton, Nicholas Mirotchnick, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Kevin L. Griffin, Vaughan Hurry, Patrick Meir, Stephen Sitch, Owen K. Atkin","doi":"10.1111/nph.20315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations might reflect the strategies described in the leaf economic spectrum (LES) due to their dependence on photosynthesis and respiration.</li>\u0000<li>We examined if NSC concentrations correlate with leaf structure, chemistry, and physiology traits for 114 species from 19 sites and 5 biomes around the globe.</li>\u0000<li>Total leaf NSC concentrations varied greatly from 16 to 199 mg g⁻¹ dry mass and were mostly independent of leaf gas exchange and the LES traits. By contrast, leaf NSC residence time was shorter in species with higher rates of photosynthesis, following the fast-slow strategies in the LES. An average leaf held an amount of NSCs that could sustain one night of leaf respiration and could be replenished in just a few hours of photosynthesis under saturating light, indicating that most daily carbon gain is exported.</li>\u0000<li>Our results suggest that NSC export is clearly linked to the economics of return on resource investment.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular fingerprints of cell size sensing and mating type differentiation in pennate diatoms","authors":"Darja Belišová, Gust Bilcke, Sien Audoor, Sofie D'hondt, Lieven De Veylder, Klaas Vandepoele, Wim Vyverman","doi":"10.1111/nph.20334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>A unique cell size-sensing mechanism is at the heart of the life cycle of diatoms. During population growth, cell size decreases until a sexual size threshold (SST) is reached, below which cells become sexually competent. In most pennate diatoms, the two mating types undergo biochemical and behavioral differentiation below the SST, although the molecular pathways underlying their size-dependent maturation remain unknown.</li>\u0000<li>Here, we developed a method to shorten the generation time of <i>Cylindrotheca closterium</i> through single-cell microsurgery, enabling the transcriptomic comparison of genetically identical large and undifferentiated cells with small, sexually competent cells for six different genotypes.</li>\u0000<li>We identified 21 genes upregulated in small cells regardless of their mating type, revealing how cells undergo specific transcriptional reprogramming when passing the SST. Furthermore, we revealed a size-regulated gene cluster with three mating type-specific genes susceptible to sex-inducing pheromones. In addition, comparative transcriptomics confirmed the shared mating type specificity of Mating-type Related Minus 2 homologs in three pennate diatoms, suggesting them to be part of a conserved partner recognition mechanism.</li>\u0000<li>This study sheds light on how diatoms acquire sexual competence in a strictly size-dependent manner, revealing a complex machinery underlying size-dependent maturation, mating behavior, and heterothally in pennate diatoms.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drastic mycorrhizal community shifts in Sceptridium ferns during the generation transition from fully mycoheterotrophic gametophytes to photosynthetic sporophytes","authors":"Kenji Suetsugu, Hidehito Okada, Shun K. Hirota, Michimasa Yamasaki, Ryoko Imaichi, Atsushi Ebihara","doi":"10.1111/nph.20330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Many plant species experience a prolonged subterranean phase during which they rely entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for carbon. While this mycoheterotrophic strategy spans liverworts, lycophytes, and ferns, most empirical research has centered on angiosperms.</li>\u0000<li>This study explores the fungal associations of <i>Sceptridium</i> (Ophioglossaceae), an early-diverging fern with mycoheterotrophic gametophytes. We analyzed germination patterns and fungal associations in <i>Sceptridium</i> gametophytes, comparing them to the distribution and mycorrhizal partners of photosynthetic sporophytes.</li>\u0000<li>High-throughput sequencing data reveal that mycoheterotrophic gametophytes consistently associate with a single <i>Entrophospora</i> fungus in the order Entrophosporales (Glomeromycotina), while photosynthetic sporophytes primarily partner with fungi from Glomeraceae (Glomerales, Glomeromycotina). Consequently, gametophytes exhibit spatial clustering without association with adult plants. This is the first documentation of an association between Entrophosporaceae (and the order Entrophosporales) and mycoheterotrophic plants.</li>\u0000<li>The drastic shifts in <i>Sceptridium</i> mycorrhizal communities across life stages likely reflect changing physiological needs during development. Further research is essential to determine whether the association with Entrophosporaceae is widespread among mycoheterotrophic species and to elucidate the functional and physiological mechanisms underlying these mycorrhizal shifts.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf warming in the canopy of mature tropical trees reduced photosynthesis due to downregulation of photosynthetic capacity and reduced stomatal conductance","authors":"Kristine Y. Crous, Kali B. Middleby, Alexander W. Cheesman, Angelina Y. M. Bouet, Michele Schiffer, Michael J. Liddell, Craig V. M. Barton, Lucas A. Cernusak","doi":"10.1111/nph.20320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Tropical forests play a large role in the global carbon cycle by annually absorbing 30% of our annual carbon emissions. However, these forests have evolved under relatively stable temperature conditions and may be sensitive to current climate warming. Few experiments have investigated the effects of warming on large, mature trees to better understand how higher temperatures affect these forests <i>in situ</i>.</li>\u0000<li>We targeted four tree species (<i>Endiandra microneura</i>, <i>Castanospermum australe</i>, <i>Cleistanthus myrianthus</i> and <i>Myristica globosa</i>) of the Australian tropical rainforest and warmed leaves in the canopy by 4°C for 8 months. We measured temperature response curves of photosynthesis and respiration, and determined the critical temperatures for chloroplast function based on Chl fluorescence.</li>\u0000<li>Both stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were strongly reduced by 48 and 35%, respectively, with warming. While reduced stomatal conductance was likely in response to higher vapour pressure deficit, the biochemistry of photosynthesis responded to higher temperatures via reduced <i>V</i>_cmax25 (−28%) and <i>J</i>_max25 (−29%). There was no shift of the <i>T</i>_opt of photosynthesis. Concurrently, respiration rates at a common temperature did not change in response to warming, suggesting limited respiratory thermal acclimation.</li>\u0000<li>This combination of physiological responses to leaf warming in mature tropical trees may suggest a reduced carbon sink with future warming in tropical forests.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamorphosis of a unicellular green alga in the presence of acetate and a spatially structured three-dimensional environment","authors":"Trang Vuong, Prateek Shetty, Ece Kurtoglu, Constanze Schultz, Laura Schrader, Patrick Then, Jan Petersen, Martin Westermann, Anxhela Rredhi, Somak Chowdhury, Ruchira Mukherji, Michael Schmitt, Jürgen Popp, Pierre Stallforth, Maria Mittag","doi":"10.1111/nph.20299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20299","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Microalgae are microscopically small eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that live in oceans, freshwater, soil, or even ice. They represent a polyphyletic group with diverse evolutionary origin and are involved in a multitude of processes of vast ecological importance. Together with the prokaryotic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), microalgae contribute to about half of the global carbon fixation (Field &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;; Brodie &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In the past decades, several algal genomes have been sequenced, leading to the development of genetically tractable microalgal models (Grossman, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Brodie &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Falciatore &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). One of the first well-developed algal models is the green microalga &lt;i&gt;Chlamydomonas reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; that was first isolated from a potato field in the USA (Harris, &lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;). In its natural habitat, it is typically found in wet soil, coexisting with other microorganisms (Sasso &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). However, in laboratory settings, it is commonly cultivated axenically in liquid culture. The biciliate &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; cell has a cup-shaped chloroplast including a primitive visual system at its edge near the cell equator, called eyespot. Within the chloroplast, there is also a pyrenoid that contains RuBisCO and is surrounded by a starch sheet (Harris, &lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;; Sasso &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Chlamydomonas reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; reproduces asexually by mitosis in the form of haploid vegetative cells that have mating type plus or minus. Under unfavorable environmental conditions (lack of a nitrogen source), &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; initiates a sexual life cycle, allowing sexual crosses (reviewed in Sasso &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Chlamydomonas reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; serves as a model for studying different biological processes, such as photosynthesis and its acclimation, the function, biogenesis and length of cilia or light-driven processes (Grossman, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Petersen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Sakato-Antoku &amp; King, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Ishikawa &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). The genome of &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt; has been sequenced (Merchant &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;) and recently a new version from a wild-type strain was released (Craig &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, many molecular tools are available for this alga as well as large-scale mutant libraries (Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Schroda, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Fauser &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Although there is a pressing demand for easily and rapidly cultivatable model algae in laboratory settings, we must be aware that the growth conditions in the laboratory do not reflect their predominant natural habitat. Some algae, as for example &lt;i&gt;C. reinhardtii&lt;/i&gt;, live in soil, a highly complex habitat. A broad biodiversity of soil o","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A barley MLA immune receptor is activated by a fungal nonribosomal peptide effector for disease susceptibility","authors":"Yueqiang Leng, Florian Kümmel, Mingxia Zhao, István Molnár, Jaroslav Doležel, Elke Logemann, Petra Köchner, Pinggen Xi, Shengming Yang, Matthew J. Moscou, Jason D. Fiedler, Yang Du, Burkhard Steuernagel, Steven Meinhardt, Brian J. Steffenson, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Shaobin Zhong","doi":"10.1111/nph.20289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>The barley <i>Mla</i> locus contains functionally diversified genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and confer strain-specific immunity to biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens.</li>\u0000<li>In this study, we isolated a barley gene <i>Scs6</i>, which is an allelic variant of <i>Mla</i> genes but confers susceptibility to the isolate ND90Pr (<i>Bs</i>_ND90Pr) of the necrotrophic fungus <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>. We generated <i>Scs6</i> transgenic barley lines and showed that <i>Scs6</i> is sufficient to confer susceptibility to <i>Bs</i>_ND90Pr in barley genotypes naturally lacking the receptor. The <i>Scs6-</i>encoded NLR (SCS6) is activated by a nonribosomal peptide (NRP) effector produced by <i>Bs</i>_ND90Pr to induce cell death in barley and <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Domain swaps between MLAs and SCS6 reveal that the SCS6 leucine-rich repeat domain is a specificity determinant for receptor activation by the NRP effector.</li>\u0000<li><i>Scs6</i> is maintained in both wild and domesticated barley populations. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that <i>Scs6</i> is a <i>Hordeum</i>-specific innovation.</li>\u0000<li>We infer that SCS6 is a <i>bona fide</i> immune receptor that is likely directly activated by the nonribosomal peptide effector of <i>Bs</i>_ND90Pr for disease susceptibility in barley. Our study provides a stepping stone for the future development of synthetic NLR receptors in crops that are less vulnerable to modification by necrotrophic pathogens.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anionic phospholipid-mediated transmembrane transport and intracellular membrane trafficking in plant cells","authors":"Qun Zhang, Like Shen, Feng Lin, Qi Liao, Shi Xiao, Wenhua Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20329","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular membranes primarily consist of proteins and lipids. These proteins perform cellular functions such as metabolic regulation, environmental and hormonal signal sensing, and nutrient transport. There is increasing experimental evidence that certain lipids, particularly anionic phospholipids, can act as signaling molecules. Specific examples of functional regulation by anionic phospholipids in plant cells have been reported for transporters, channels, and even receptors. By regulating the structure and activity of membrane-integral proteins, these phospholipids mediate the transport of phytohormones and ions, and elicit physiological responses to developmental and environmental cues. Phospholipids also control membrane protein abundance and lipid composition and abundance by facilitating vesicular trafficking. In this review, we discuss recent research that elucidates the mechanisms by which membrane-integral transporters and channels are controlled via phospholipid signaling, as well as the regulation of membrane protein accumulation by phospholipids through coordinated removal, recycling, and degradation processes.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SLR1-OsMADS23-D14 module mediates the crosstalk between strigolactone and gibberellin signaling to control rice tillering","authors":"Xingxing Li, Zizhao Xie, Tian Qin, Chenghang Zhan, Liang Jin, Junli Huang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Strigolactones (SLs) and gibberellins (GAs) have been found to inhibit plant branching or tillering, but molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between SL and GA signaling to modulate tillering remain elusive.</li>\u0000<li>We found that the transcription factor OsMADS23 plays a crucial role in the crosslink between SL and GA signaling in rice tillering. Loss-of-function mutant <i>osmads23</i> shows normal axillary bud formation but defective bud outgrowth, thus reducing the tiller number in rice, whereas overexpression of <i>OsMADS23</i> significantly increases tillering by promoting tiller bud outgrowth.</li>\u0000<li>OsMADS23 physically interacts with DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), and the interaction reciprocally stabilizes each other. Genetic evidence showed that SLR1 is required for OsMADS23 to control rice tillering. OsMADS23 acts as an upstream transcriptional repressor to inhibit the expression of SL receptor gene <i>DWARF14</i> (<i>D14</i>), and addition of SLR1 further enhances OsMADS23-mediated transcriptional repression of <i>D14</i>, indicating that <i>D14</i> is the downstream target gene of OsMADS23–SLR1 complex. Moreover, application of exogenous SL and GA reduces the protein stability of OsMADS23–SLR1 complex and promotes <i>D14</i> expression.</li>\u0000<li>Our results revealed that SLs and GAs synergistically inhibit rice tillering by destabilizing OsMADS23–SLR1 complex, which provides important insights into the molecular networks of SL–GA synergistic interaction during rice tillering.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The promising role of proteomes and metabolomes in defining the single‐cell landscapes of plants","authors":"Christopher R. Anderton, R. Glen Uhrig","doi":"10.1111/nph.20303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20303","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe plant community has a strong track record of RNA sequencing technology deployment, which combined with the recent advent of spatial platforms (e.g. 10× genomics) has resulted in an explosion of single‐cell and nuclei datasets that can be positioned in an <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> context within tissues (e.g. a cell atlas). In the genomics era, application of proteomics technologies in the plant sciences has always trailed behind that of RNA sequencing technologies, largely due in part to upfront cost, ease‐of‐use, and access to expertise. Conversely, the use of early analytical tools for characterizing small molecules (metabolites) from plant systems predates nucleic acid sequencing and proteomics analysis, as the search for plant‐based natural products has played a significant role in improving human health throughout history. As the plant sciences field now aims to fully define cell states, cell‐specific regulatory networks, metabolic asymmetry and phenotypes, the measurement of proteins and metabolites at the single‐cell level will be paramount. As a result of these efforts, the plant community will unlock exciting opportunities to accelerate discovery and drive toward meaningful translational outcomes.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis in wood formation","authors":"Hongyan Ma, Liwei Su, Wen Zhang, Yi Sun, Danning Li, Shuang Li, Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin, Chenguang Zhou, Wei Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.20328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20328","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Lignin is a phenolic polymer and a major component of wood, constituting &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;. 20–30% of the wood biomass. It is the key limiting factor for wood conversion efficiency because it must be removed to extract the other two wood components, cellulose (40–50% of wood) and hemicelluloses (20–30% of wood), for paper making (Sarkanen, &lt;span&gt;1976&lt;/span&gt;; Chiang, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Ragauskas &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). Wood cellulose and hemicelluloses are potentially commercial feedstock for biofuel production (Sarkanen, &lt;span&gt;1976&lt;/span&gt;). Lignin is synthesized through the polymerization of three canonical monolignols, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols, known as the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) units, respectively (Freudenberg, &lt;span&gt;1965&lt;/span&gt;; Sarkanen &amp; Ludwig, &lt;span&gt;1971&lt;/span&gt;; Higuchi, &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). Monolignols are biosynthesized from phenylalanine through a complex network pathway mediated by &gt; 20 pathway enzymes. The mediation requires combined catalysis functions of individual enzymes (Higuchi, &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;; Sulis &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), enzyme complexes (Chen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Lin &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Yan &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; X. Zhao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), and protein phosphorylation (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;) to produce monolignols for lignin polymerization.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;At the genetic level, the expression of genes encoding pathway enzymes controls monolignol production, affecting lignin biosynthesis and thus the recalcitrance of wood to conversion. Transregulation of monolignol gene expression has been extensively studied. Approximately 50 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to MYB, NAC, WRKY, ERF, WBLH, TZF, HSF, MADS-box, and LBD families have been implicated in such regulation (Supporting Information Table S1; Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Only a few TFs, such as PtoMYB221, PtrMYB092, PtrMYB161, PtrMYB189, PdMYB221/LTF1, BpNAC012, PtrHSFB3-1, and PagERF81, have been demonstrated to directly regulate monolignol biosynthesis genes (including &lt;i&gt;COMT2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CAld5H1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CAld5H2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CCoAOMT2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CCoAOMT1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;4CL&lt;/i&gt;5, &lt;i&gt;C3H3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;C4H1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PAL2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PAL4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PAL5&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CSE1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;4CL1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CCR2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CCR1&lt;/i&gt;) (Tang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Gui &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; H. Chen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Hu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Liu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; X. W. Zhao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). These TFs bind to the promoters of monolignol genes and interact with other regulators to exert activating or repressive effects on lignin biosynthesis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Gene expression can be controlled by histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation (Grunstein, &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/s","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}