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Luminescent properties of cadmium sulfide nanocrystals grown from gas phase 气相生长硫化镉纳米晶的发光特性
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.413
A.B. Bogoslovska, D. Grynko, E. Bortchagovsky
Photoluminescent (PL) properties of undoped nanocrystals of cadmium sulfide were investigated as a function of excitation power intensity. Room-temperature PL spectra of CdS nanocrystals grown from the gas phase revealed two emission bands: with peak positions at 510 nm (near-band-edge emission) and close to 690 nm (deep trap defects). Tunable photoluminescence of CdS nanocrystals with the exchange of the main radiative channel from relaxation through defect levels to direct near-band-edge relaxation with the change of the color was demonstrated. Nonlinear behavior of the intensities of near-band-edge and defect level emission lines as well as the blue shift of the peak of defect level emission are discussed and explained by the finite capacitance of the defect subzone in the forbidden gap. The origin of the red-light emission is due to native defects such as sulfur vacancies or twinning interfaces.
研究了未掺杂的硫化镉纳米晶体的光致发光特性与激发功率强度的关系。从气相生长的CdS纳米晶体的室温PL光谱显示出两个发射带:峰值位置在510 nm(近带边发射)和接近690 nm(深阱缺陷)。证明了CdS纳米晶体的可调谐光致发光,其主要辐射通道随颜色的变化从缺陷能级的弛豫到直接近带边弛豫的交换。讨论了近带边缘和缺陷能级发射线强度的非线性行为以及缺陷能级发射峰的蓝移,并用禁隙中缺陷子区的有限电容解释了缺陷能级发射峰的蓝移。红光发射的来源是由于天然缺陷,如硫空位或孪晶界面。
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引用次数: 1
Diffusion of phosphorus in technology for manufacturing silicon p-i-n photodiodes 磷在硅-i-n光电二极管制造技术中的扩散
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.385
M. Kukurudziak
Comparative characterization of phosphorus diffusion from planar sources and liquid-phase diffusion by using PCl3 in technology for manufacturing silicon p-i-n photodiodes was carried out. The quantitative analysis of dislocations formed when using different variants and modes of diffusion has been performed. The influence of dislocation number on the dark current density and responsivity of photodetectors has been studied. A table has been given for estimation of surface resistance with account of colour inherent to phosphorosilicate glass after doping phosphorus into the surface layer.
采用PCl3制备硅磷光电二极管,对磷在平面源和液相扩散进行了比较表征。采用不同的扩散变量和扩散模式,对所形成的位错进行了定量分析。研究了位错数对光电探测器暗电流密度和响应率的影响。给出了在磷掺杂到表面层后,考虑到磷硅酸盐玻璃固有颜色的表面电阻的估计表。
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引用次数: 4
Characterization of adsorption properties inherent to zirconia dioxide for different positions of yttrium in the ZrO2–Y2O3 lattice 二氧化锆对钇在ZrO2-Y2O3晶格中不同位置的吸附特性表征
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.362
S.I. Lyubchykк, S.B. Lyubchykк, A.I. Lyubchykк
Presented in this paper is theoretical studying redistribution of electric charges in the layer of a tetragonal plate of yttrium-stabilized zirconia based on the position of yttrium atom in the crystal lattice for both dry and humid ambient atmosphere. The density functional theory with local density approximation (DFT-LDA) has been employed for this modelling. Calculations have been performed for layer-by-layer electron density distribution over the thickness of an infinite plate 001 of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium dioxide, which show that a change in the position of stabilizing yttrium atom and its symmetry in the layer leads to changing the total energy of zirconium dioxide both for the dry 001 surface and for the hydrated one. It has been ascertained that the surface charge density for the 001-surface of an infinite tetragonal zirconia plate increases in proportion to the degree of hydration.
本文从理论上研究了在干燥和潮湿环境下,基于钇原子在晶格中的位置,钇稳定氧化锆四边形板层中电荷的重新分布。该模型采用局部密度近似密度泛函理论(DFT-LDA)。计算了钇稳定四边形二氧化锆在无限大板001厚度上的逐层电子密度分布,结果表明,改变稳定钇原子的位置及其在层中的对称性,会导致二氧化锆在干燥表面和水合表面的总能量发生变化。确定了无限大四边形氧化锆板的表面电荷密度随水化程度成比例地增加。
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引用次数: 0
Diffusion length of non-equilibrium current carriers in nanowire radial p-n junctions: Effect of the curvature 非平衡载流子在纳米线径向pn结中的扩散长度:曲率的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.394
V. Borblik
In core-shell nanowire radial p-n junction, spatial (along the radius) distribution of the injected carriers is determined not only by recombination falling of the non-equilibrium carrier concentration but also by specific falling due to cylindrical symmetry of the structure. This forces us to consider an effective diffusion length of non-equilibrium carriers in nanoscale radial structures. This effective diffusion length proves to be larger (up to 25%) than the diffusion length in usual planar p-n junction (made of the same material) under injection from the shell to the core and smaller than it (up to 60%) under injection from the core to the shell.
在核-壳纳米线径向p-n结中,注入载流子的空间(沿半径)分布不仅取决于非平衡载流子浓度的复合下降,还取决于结构的圆柱对称性所导致的特定下降。这迫使我们考虑非平衡载流子在纳米尺度径向结构中的有效扩散长度。这种有效扩散长度比通常的平面pn结(由相同材料制成)在壳到芯注入下的扩散长度大(高达25%),比从芯到壳注入下的扩散长度小(高达60%)。
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引用次数: 0
The exciton size. Where are the limits? 激子的大小。极限在哪里?
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.372
O. Dimitriev
The concept of exciton implies a collective excited state able to travel in a particle-like fashion. Its size is determined by the radius of excited electron-hole pair and, although it may vary by two orders of magnitude, it is always spatially restricted, while its delocalization length owing to the exciton wavefunction spatial dynamics may provide even a larger scale of changes. In this work, the limitations of exciton sizes are discussed by analysis where the exciton concept is still applicable. It is shown that the exciton size can be as small as few angstroms, but even smaller sizes can be, probably, justified. At the same time, coupling of exciton to polariton mode can enlarge the exciton-polariton coherence length to values as high as 20 µm, thus extending the scale of possible exciton sizes up to five orders of magnitude.
激子的概念意味着一种能够以类似粒子的方式传播的集体激发态。它的大小由被激发的电子-空穴对的半径决定,虽然它可能变化两个数量级,但它总是受到空间限制,而由于激子波函数空间动力学,它的离域长度可能提供更大范围的变化。在这项工作中,通过分析讨论了激子尺寸的局限性,其中激子概念仍然适用。这表明激子的尺寸可以小到几埃,但更小的尺寸可能是合理的。同时,激子与极化子模式的耦合可以将激子-极化子相干长度扩大到高达20µm的值,从而将可能的激子尺寸扩展到5个数量级。
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引用次数: 0
Computer model of track biosensor 履带生物传感器的计算机模型
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.441
I. Donchev, T. Kavetskyy, O. Mushynska, O. Zubrytska, I.V. Briukhovetska, A. Pryima, H.Y. Kovalchuk, N. Hoivanovych, L. Kropyvnytska, Y. Pavlyshak, T. Skrobach, G. Kossak, V.I. Stakhiv, S. Monastyrska, A. Kiv
Being based on the known model of a cylindrical nanopore created using the classical method of molecular dynamics, we have studied the patterns of electrolyte flow passing through a nanocylinder, which is used to simulate an ion-induced track in a thin film. In this study, the nanotrack model takes into account the defect structure of the nanotracks inner surface. A model of a structural defect, which is an adsorption center for model particles passing through a nanocylinder, has been described. It was revealed the sensitivity of the electrolyte flux density to its composition, which is explained by interaction of particles passing through the nanocylinder with structural defects of its inner surface. This effect enables to create a biosensor system for detecting the low concentration of impurities of various types in liquid.
基于已知的圆柱形纳米孔模型,利用经典的分子动力学方法,我们研究了电解质通过纳米柱的流动模式,并将其用于模拟薄膜中的离子诱导轨迹。在本研究中,纳米轨道模型考虑了纳米轨道内表面的缺陷结构。描述了一种结构缺陷模型,该模型是模型颗粒通过纳米圆柱体的吸附中心。揭示了电解质通量密度对其组成的敏感性,这可以解释为通过纳米柱的颗粒与纳米柱内表面结构缺陷的相互作用。这种效应能够创建一种生物传感器系统,用于检测液体中各种类型的低浓度杂质。
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引用次数: 6
Redistribution of centers responsible for radiative recombination in SiC/por-SiC and SiC/por-SiC/Er2O3 structures under nonthermal action of microwave radiation 微波非热作用下SiC/ port -SiC和SiC/ port -SiC/Er2O3结构中负责辐射复合的中心重分布
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.04.355
O. B. Okhrimenko, Y. Bacherikov, O. Kolomys, V. Strelchuk, R. Konakova
In this work, the authors have considered the effect of short-term nonthermal action of microwave radiation on the photoluminescent characteristics of SiC/por-SiC/Er2O3 and SiC/por-SiC structures. The analysis of photoluminescence spectra of these structures, which are excited by radiation with an energy lower than the band gap in the 4H-SiC crystalline substrate, has shown that short-term action of microwave radiation leads to redistribution of radiative recombination centers, which is caused by surface states in the por-SiC layer.
本文研究了微波辐射的短期非热作用对SiC/por-SiC/Er2O3和SiC/por-SiC结构光致发光特性的影响。对这些结构的光致发光光谱分析表明,微波辐射的短期作用导致了辐射复合中心的重新分布,这是由多孔碳化硅层的表面态引起的。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of textured silicon solar cells with rear metallization 后金属化结构硅太阳电池的实验研究与理论建模
Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.03.331
A. Sachenko, V. Kostylyov, R. Korkishko, V. Vlasiuk, I. Sokolovskyi, M. Evstigneev, O. Olikh, A. Shkrebtii, B. F. Dvernikov, V. V. Chernenko
Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) remains a dominant photovoltaic material in solar cell industry. Currently, scientific and technological advances enable producing the c-Si solar cells (SCs) efficiency close to the fundamental limit. Therefore, combining the experimental results and those of modeling becomes crucial to further progress in improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of photovoltaic systems. We carried out the experimental characterization of the highly-efficient c-Si SCs and compared with the results of modeling. For this purpose, we developed and applied to the samples under investigation the improved theoretical model to optimize characteristics of highly efficient textured solar cells. The model accounts for all recombination mechanisms, including nonradiative exciton recombination by the Auger mechanism via a deep recombination centers and recombination in the space-charge region. To compare the theoretical results with those of experiments, we proposed empirical formula for the external quantum efficiency (EQE), which describes its experimental spectral dependence near the long-wave absorption edge. The proposed approach allows modeling of the short-circuit current and photoconversion efficiency in the textured crystalline silicon solar cells. It has been ascertained that the dependences of the short-circuit current on the open-circuit voltage and the dark current on the applied voltage at V < 0.6 V coincide with each other. The theoretical results, as compared to the experimental ones, allowed us to validate the developed formalism, and were used to optimize the key parameters of SCs, such as the base thickness, doping level and others. In this work, we have further generalized and refined the analytical approach proposed and used by us earlier to analyze high-efficiency solar cells and model their characteristics.
晶体硅(c-Si)仍然是太阳能电池工业中主要的光伏材料。目前,科学技术的进步使c-Si太阳能电池(SCs)的生产效率接近基本极限。因此,将实验结果与建模结果相结合,对于进一步提高光伏系统的效率和降低成本至关重要。我们对高效c-Si SCs进行了实验表征,并与建模结果进行了比较。为此,我们开发了改进的理论模型,并将其应用于研究样品中,以优化高效纹理太阳能电池的特性。该模型考虑了所有的复合机制,包括俄歇机制通过深层复合中心的非辐射激子复合和空间电荷区的复合。为了将理论结果与实验结果进行比较,我们提出了描述其在长波吸收边缘附近的实验光谱依赖性的外量子效率(EQE)经验公式。所提出的方法允许建模的短路电流和光转换效率在纹理晶体硅太阳能电池。已经确定,短路电流对开路电压的依赖关系和暗电流对施加电压V < 0.6 V的依赖关系是一致的。与实验结果相比,理论结果使我们能够验证所开发的形式,并用于优化SCs的关键参数,如基底厚度,掺杂水平等。在这项工作中,我们进一步推广和完善了我们之前提出和使用的分析方法,以分析高效太阳能电池并模拟其特性。
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引用次数: 1
To 95-th birthday of Professor E.I. Rashba (looking back ones again) 致E.I. Rashba教授95岁生日(再次回顾)
Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.03.235
V. Kochelap, A. Belyaev
The theory of spin-orbit interaction, developed by E.I. Rashba more than 30 years ago, stimulated the rapid development of a new discipline – spintronics – the physics of processes and devices based on the control of spins. The paper summarizes achievements of Prof. Rashba in the early stage of his scientific researches, particularly those, which were performed in Ukraine. Among them, prediction of electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR), phase transitions in spin-orbit coupled systems driven by change of the Fermi surface topology, giant oscillator strength of impurity excitons, and coexistence of free and self-trapped excitons. Solid state physics is the basis of contemporary electronics and optoelectronics. Various electronic, optical, acoustical and other effects and processes in solid define performances of modern solid state devices. Multitude of groups and thousands researchers are involved in discovering, study and using relevant new phenomena. Among them, Professor Emmanuel Rashba with his outstanding results in physics of crystals is seen (rises) as a profound personality. His contribution in almost all branches of solid state physics cannot be exaggerated, some of his results have found important applications. Prof. E.I. Rashba is known as one of the leading theorists in Ukraine, in Soviet Union, and he continued the successful career in United States. Although many years have already passed, scientific community in Ukraine remembers Prof. E.I. Rashba and thankfully appreciates his impact to formation of condensed matter researches in our country. This short text is devoted to Prof. E.I. Rashba and is written on the occasion of his birthday.
30多年前由E.I. Rashba提出的自旋轨道相互作用理论,刺激了一门新学科——自旋电子学——的快速发展。自旋电子学是基于自旋控制的过程和设备的物理学。本文总结了Rashba教授在科学研究的早期阶段,特别是在乌克兰进行的研究成果。其中,电偶极子自旋共振(EDSR)预测、费米表面拓扑变化驱动的自旋轨道耦合系统相变预测、杂质激子巨振强度预测、自由激子与自困激子共存预测等。固体物理学是现代电子学和光电子学的基础。固体中的各种电子、光学、声学和其他效应和过程定义了现代固态器件的性能。众多的研究小组和成千上万的研究人员正在发现、研究和利用相关的新现象。其中,Emmanuel Rashba教授在晶体物理学方面取得了杰出的成果,被认为是一位具有深刻个性的人。他的贡献在固体物理学的几乎所有分支都不能被夸大,他的一些结果已经找到了重要的应用。E.I. Rashba教授是乌克兰和苏联著名的理论家之一,他在美国继续了他成功的职业生涯。尽管多年过去了,乌克兰科学界仍然记得E.I. Rashba教授,并感谢他对我国凝聚态研究形成的影响。这篇短文是献给E.I. Rashba教授的,是在他生日之际写的。
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引用次数: 0
Color appearance models CAM16, ZCAM and CAM20u for video applications 彩色外观型号CAM16, ZCAM和CAM20u视频应用
Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo25.03.342
N. Raheem, A. Taher, A. I. Alanssari, V. Pyliavskyi, B. S. Bashar, M.M. Ismail
This work is devoted to the study of the possibility to use color perception models for processing streaming videos. The paper describes the principles of the control of image parameters which depend on the image adaptive properties. Methods for obtaining adaptive parameters such as brightness of adaptation, brightness of stimulus and brightness of background, as well as observation conditions are described. The CAM16 color perception model is accepted as the main one as well as the ZCAM and CAM20u models as the promising ones. The usability of color perception models is estimated, namely, the change of color rendering vector is assessed. It is shown that the chromaticity points that make up the color tone lines have a different nature of change – slope, shape. The estimates of the dependence of transmitted colors on lightness are provided. It is demonstrated that the lightness parameter is more non-linear character CAM20u as compared to the previous models.
这项工作致力于研究使用颜色感知模型处理流媒体视频的可能性。本文阐述了基于图像自适应特性的图像参数控制原理。描述了自适应参数的获取方法,如自适应亮度、刺激亮度和背景亮度,以及观测条件。CAM16色觉模型被认为是主要的,ZCAM和CAM20u模型被认为是有前途的。评估颜色感知模型的可用性,即评估颜色呈现向量的变化。结果表明,构成色调线的色度点具有不同的变化性质——斜率、形状。给出了透射颜色对亮度依赖性的估计。结果表明,CAM20u的亮度参数与以往型号相比更具非线性特征。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Semiconductor physics, quantum electronics and optoelectronics
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