Scientific African最新文献

{"title":"Time and frequency nexus among public debt, exchange rate, inflation, monetary policy rate and economic growth in Ghana","authors":"Absalom Odoom ,&nbsp;Peterson Owusu Junior ,&nbsp;Anthony Adu-Asare Idun ,&nbsp;Patrick Kwashie Akorsu","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The debate about the influence of public debt on an economy has gained long-standing attention among policy-makers, regulators and academic scholars. The excessive expansion of Ghana's public debt to GDP demands a fresh insight into the macroeconomic variables that are connected to economic growth. This study utilised wavelet techniques to investigate the nexus and effect of public debt, exchange rate, inflation rate, and monetary policy rate on economic growth in Ghana using monthly data from 2000 to 2022. Diks and Panchenko (2006) was used as a battery test for the wavelet results. We found a significant negative correlation between public debt and GDP at both short- and long-term frequencies, though there was no notable connection in the medium term. The causality analysis suggests a possibility of bidirectional causality between GDP and public debt in both the short and medium term. Interestingly, the COVID-19 pandemic had minimal impact on this relationship when comparing the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic periods. The only observed coherence (negative) between monetary policy and GDP occurred between 2000 and 2003, at low and medium frequencies. The WMCC results depicted that no variable was seen to lead or lag during the pandemic period however, GDP (exchange rate) reacted to shocks first (last) in the short run (long run) prior to the pandemic. The result of this research is crucial for policy implementation. The GDP-public debt negative nexus offers strong evidence for the government to make determined efforts to reduce external borrowing. The positive coherence of exchange rates and the public debt offers a strong incentive to the monetary authorities to make determined efforts to stop the rapid rise of exchange rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic S. mansoni infection critically regulates PbA infection-associated severity and pathological events in a mouse model","authors":"Andrew Kasiti Muganda ,&nbsp;Edward Owiti Okonjo ,&nbsp;James Nyabuga Nyariki ,&nbsp;Dorcas Syokui Yole","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The parasite <em>Plasmodium</em> is responsible for the severe infection known as malaria. The infection causes high mortality and morbidity, especially in endemic areas worldwide. Schistosomes which are blood flukes are the primary cause of schistosomiasis, which is the second most common parasitic illness in terms of morbidity and death after malaria. In many areas, both of these illnesses are co-endemic. Biochemically, each parasite utilizes the host protein differently and has defined immunological and physiological responses. This study sought to assess how persistent <em>S. mansoni</em> infection affected the severity of the <em>P. berghei</em> ANKA-associated illness and other pathological events in a mouse model during co-infection. Mice were infected with 200 <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> cercaria. After chronic <em>S. mansoni</em> infection had been established, mice in the co-infection group were inoculated with 10,000 <em>PbA</em>-infected red blood cells. Physiological parameters were monitored at a two-day interval, to track the infection levels. Furthermore, liver and kidney function tests and oxidative stress markers were quantified at the end of the study and analyzed at a <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05. Co-infection of <em>S. mansoni</em> and <em>Pb</em>A enhanced the survival of mice which was independent of parasitemia preventing lethal experimental malaria in the majority of mice and prevented hepatosplenomegaly. Chronic <em>S. mansoni</em> infection resulted in hepatosplenomegaly which contributed to an increase in body weight while the introduction of malaria in the host reduced body weight. Liver functionality was disrupted by the measurement of the ALP enzyme, a marker of liver damage. Schistosomiasis reduced host metabolites such as protein, and lipids as schistosomes cannot synthesize their own <em>de novo.</em> Co-infection restored the disruptive effect of <em>S. mansoni</em> in the host. There was evident oxidative stress in the host, liver, and brain of mice infected with <em>S. mansoni</em> or <em>Pb</em>A alone. However, coinfection of <em>S. mansoni</em> and <em>Pb</em>A ameliorated oxidative stress with concomitant attenuation of organ injury hence reinforcing protection observed in experimental malaria. Overall, this study demonstrates that chronic <em>S. mansoni</em> infection is critical in the regulation of <em>Pb</em>A infection-associated severity &amp; pathological events in a mouse model<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire detection and anti-fire system to enhance food security: A concept of smart agriculture systems-based IoT and embedded systems with machine-to-machine protocol","authors":"Abdennabi Morchid ,&nbsp;Ishaq G．Muhammad Alblushi ,&nbsp;Haris M. Khalid ,&nbsp;Rachid El Alami ,&nbsp;Zafar Said ,&nbsp;Hassan Qjidaa ,&nbsp;Erdem Cuce ,&nbsp;S.M. Muyeen ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ouazzani Jamil","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food security has become a major concern for most countries. This is due to: 1) the growth of the world population, 2) the decline of natural resources, 3) the loss of agricultural land, and 4) the increase of unforeseen environmental conditions (storms, fires, and other natural hazards). The fire outbreak, in general, has developed into a serious concern. In the coming years, the rate of fire outbreaks could rise exponentially, requiring immediate attention to avoid loss of property and life. To resolve such an issue, a shift from the agricultural industry to smart agriculture via applications of 1) the Internet of Things (IoT), 2) embedded systems, and 3) sensors for fire prevention are required to improve operational efficiency and productivity. A fire detection and anti-fire security (FDAS) system in smart agriculture using the IoT and embedded system is proposed. The proposed system has four technology levels: 1) the edge network layer, 2) the fog network layer, 3) the cloud computing layer, and 4) the data representation layer. The proposed system uses an embedded system like a Raspberry Pi device and sensors to measure the amount of fire smoke in the air and the proportion of fire in the area. The data obtained from the sensors are sent over the internet to the ThingSpeak platform using the machine-to-machine-based Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for further display and analysis. Data available is then 1) stored, 2) processed, and 3) visualized through the ThingSpeak platform in real-time. An e-mail alert is sent to the farm owner if a fire is detected on the farm using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). When a fire is detected, the anti-fire system is activated. It further filters and analyzes the data using the MATLAB application. Python programming language is also used to develop the program source code. The performance results of the proposed scheme show an accurate fire detection and anti-fire system performance for improving food security and sustainability in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term tillage management effects on grain sorghum growth, yield and selected properties of sandy soil in a sub-tropical climate, South Africa","authors":"H.Z. Mabasa ,&nbsp;A.D. Nciizah ,&nbsp;P. Muchaonyerwa","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poor soil fertility and water holding capacity, coupled with climate change, threaten smallholder agriculture under dryland conditions, particularly in sandy soils. The resilience of sorghum makes it an ideal candidate crop for conservation agriculture (CA), under these conditions, but its productivity and effectiveness could depend on the cultivar used, planting time, tillage, and rotation. This study determined the effects of these factors on selected soil properties, growth and grain yield of two sorghum cultivars in sandy soils, under semi-arid conditions. The trial was conducted between 2019 and 2022 on a sandy soil with &lt;10 % clay and &lt;1.0 % carbon, at Clau-Clau village in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. The experiment had a randomized complete block design (RCBD) set up, in a strip-split-split-plot treatment structure with three replications. The treatment factors were tillage (conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT)), planting date (early and late), and rotation (with cowpea or sorghum monoculture) and sorghum cultivar (Pan 8816 and Macia). In the second growing season, early planted sorghum outperformed the late planted crop, with 44.4 % greater height and 36.1 % higher 1000-seed weight. Furthermore, the grain yield (1.33 and 0.56 t/ha, respectively) and dry matter yield (2.38 and 1.10 t/ha, respectively) were significantly higher for early than late planting in season 2. The NT treatment had significantly higher SOC, available P and exchangeable K than CT treatment in season 2. In season 3, early planting had 30.4 % higher exchangeable K than late planting, while NT increased total N and SOC by 50 and 34.8 %, respectively than CT. The findings of this study show the positive effects of early planting and NT on sorghum grain and dry matter yields, while effects on soil properties were greater during the season with higher rainfall, with no effects of cultivar and rotation on this infertile sandy soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of gram-negative bacterial causes of urinary tract infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile at the university teaching hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Christine Kapesa ,&nbsp;Enock Mulowa Mumbula ,&nbsp;Harriet C. Kwenda","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in healthcare facilities in developing countries. They are often treated empirically based on local etiological agents and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility data.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence, etiological agents, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Urinary Tract Infections at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on in-patients of all age groups and gender. A total of 621 urine samples were processed in the bacteriology laboratory. Bacterial identification of aetiological agents of UTIs was done on the Vitek 2 Compact, while antimicrobial susceptibility was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a total number of 108 (17.6 %) significant bacteriuria growth. Gram-negative bacteria isolates constituted 75 %, and Gram-positive were 25 %. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the dominant isolate at 41.7 %, followed by <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> at 19.4 %. Gram-negative showed high resistance ampicillin 96.2 %, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 87.3 %, and ciprofloxacin 64.2 %. Nitrofurantoin (25.3 %) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.9 %) had a low resistant rate, while all isolates had 100 % susceptibility to imipenem.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Gram-negative bacteria, especially <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> were the common causes of UTI at the study site. These isolates showed a high rate of resistance to the recommended antibiotics used in the treatment of UTIs. Routine monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens should be encouraged to guide treatment of UTIs. Local antibiograms should be developed and/or updated to guide UTIs’ treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the ecotoxicological impact of hospital wastewater on nile tilapia and the mitigating effects of NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite","authors":"Sally M. Salaah ,&nbsp;Elham H.A. Ali ,&nbsp;Amr B. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Magdy T. Khalil ,&nbsp;Marwa M. El-Naggar","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study evaluated the toxic effects of raw and diluted hospital wastewaters (HWW) on the Nile tilapia, with a focus on antioxidant defense mechanisms, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and metallothionein (MT) levels. Furthermore, the present study assessed the efficacy and safety of using a NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite (NiFe₂O₄NC) for treating HWW to reduce its ecotoxic impact on aquatic organisms, particularly fish. The Nile tilapia specimens were exposed to various doses of HWW in its raw form, diluted to 50 %, and 25 %, as well as to raw treated with NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.1 g/ L for 14 days. The study measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and metallothionein (MT). The results demonstrated that NiFe₂O₄NC effectively removed 85 % of pharmaceuticals (PhACs) from HWW. In contrast, raw HWW exhibited reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and increased turbidity, exceeding the Canadian Council Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life (CCME) guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. A concentration-dependent response was observed, characterized by a reduced activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR, alongside increased levels of LPO, NO, and MT in the liver, brain, and gills of the Nile tilapia exposed to HWW. Fish exposed to HWW treated with NiFe₂O₄NC showed enhanced antioxidant defense responses and lower levels of LPO, NO, and MT across all examined tissues compared to those exposed to untreated HWW. These data suggested that HWW induced an excessive production of various free radicals, including superoxide, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, leading to an oxidative damage in hepatic, cerebral, and branchial tissues. In contrast, NiFe₂O₄NC treatment created less stressful conditions for the Nile tilapia compared to raw and diluted HWW. These findings highlight the effectiveness of NiFe₂O₄NC in mitigating the adverse effects of pharmaceutical contaminants in aquatic environments and minimizing the impact on fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry approach for the removal of delafloxacin from aqueous solutions using calcinated layered double hydroxide: Adsorption mechanism and material characterization","authors":"Samar M․ Mahgoub ,&nbsp;M․Ramadan Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Sarah H․M․ Hafez ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Allam ,&nbsp;Haifa E․ Alfassam ,&nbsp;E․E․ Abdel-Hady ,&nbsp;Alaa A․A․ Anwar ,&nbsp;Rehab Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of calcinated Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) was explored as an effective adsorbent for delafloxacin (DLX), which has been identified as one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals found in wastewater because of the increased use of antibiotic drugs in recent decades. The synthesized LDH was characterized via various techniques, including IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface analysis via BET, and transmittance electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption investigations revealed that the maximum removal capacity was achieved at pH 7, with an adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g and an optimum temperature of 40 °C. Eight nonlinear equilibrium isotherm models were assessed to fit the experimental equilibrium data. The adsorption of DLX conformed well to the Langmuir‒Freundlich model, with a high regression value (R²) of 0.99. Additionally, the adsorption process of DLX followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, with an R² value of approximately 0.99. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) for DLX was determined to be 957.82 mg/g. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of LDH nanoparticles on WI-38 cells, a widely used human lung fibroblast line. The cells were exposed to various concentrations of LDH nanoparticles, and their viability was assessed via the MTT assay. The results indicate concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, suggesting careful consideration of LDH nanoparticle dosage in biomedical applications. Two green metrics were applied: the Analytical Eco-scale and the Analytical GREENness Calculator (AGREE).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial mapping and multi-criteria analysis of groundwater potential in Libo Kemkem watershed, upper blue Nile River basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Engdaw Gulbet Tebege ,&nbsp;Zemenu Molla Birara ,&nbsp;Sisay Getahun Takele ,&nbsp;Muralitharan Jothimani","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Libo Kemkem watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia, utilizing an integrated approach combining Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thematic layers such as slope, rainfall, drainage density, lineament density, soil, land use/land cover, distance from rivers, lithology, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to assess groundwater potential. The weighted overlay analysis revealed that approximately 40% of the study area exhibited high groundwater potential, while 27% showed low to very low potential. Areas with flat terrain, high rainfall, and dense lineaments were identified as the most favorable for groundwater recharge, whereas regions with steep slopes and poor soil permeability had limited potential. The results were validated using field data from 11 wells, yielding an overall accuracy of 81.8%, supported by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, which produced an AUC value of 60.4%, indicating satisfactory model performance. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of RS, GIS, and AHP as a cost-effective and efficient method for groundwater potential mapping. These findings provide critical insights for sustainable water resource management, guiding the development of groundwater extraction strategies in high-potential areas and conservation efforts in low-potential zones. Future research should focus on integrating machine learning techniques, expanding field validation with more well data, and investigating the long-term impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing epidemic dynamics: A fractional calculus approach to optimal control strategies for cholera transmission","authors":"Sunday Oluwafemi Gbodogbe","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cholera remains a persistent global health challenge, demanding innovative approaches for effective control and mitigation. In this groundbreaking study, I delve into the intricate interplay between mathematical modeling, fractional calculus theory, and optimal control strategies to elucidate the dynamics of cholera transmission and propose evidence-based interventions. My investigation begins by establishing foundational principles of fractional calculus theory, providing a robust framework for analyzing infectious disease dynamics. Through a comprehensive epidemiological model, I delineate the transmission dynamics of cholera, stratifying populations into susceptible, infected, and recovered cohorts. I integrate parameters such as contact rates, mortality rates, and re-susceptibility rates to capture the complexity of cholera dynamics within human and vector populations. Central to my analysis are the derived Caputo fractional differential equations, which elegantly capture the fractional fluctuations inherent in disease propagation. Leveraging mathematical analysis, I demonstrate the positivity and boundedness of solutions, establishing non-negative invariants crucial for understanding disease dynamics. Furthermore, I explore optimal control strategies aimed at mitigating cholera transmission. By introducing vaccination campaigns and prompt treatment modalities, I elucidate their profound impact on susceptible, infected, and recovered populations. My findings underscore the transformative potential of targeted interventions, despite initial observations of counterintuitive trends, such as increases in susceptible populations with intensified control efforts. Through numerical simulations, I provide visual representations of cholera dynamics, offering insights into the temporal evolution of the disease and the effectiveness of control measures. My results demonstrate the efficacy of vaccination campaigns and prompt treatment strategies in curbing cholera incidence, paving the way for evidence-based interventions. In conclusion, my study offers a paradigm shift in understanding and controlling cholera transmission. By integrating mathematical modeling, fractional calculus theory, and optimal control strategies, I provide a comprehensive framework for tackling infectious diseases. This groundbreaking approach holds promise for informing public health policies and mitigating the global burden of cholera and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group acceptance sampling plan based on truncated life tests for the Kumaraswamy Bell–Rayleigh distribution","authors":"Sadia Nadir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aslam ,&nbsp;Kizito E. Anyiam ,&nbsp;Etaf Alshawarbeh ,&nbsp;Okechukwu J. Obulezi","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article is focusing on a group acceptance sampling plan for the Kumaraswamy Bell–Rayleigh distribution based on truncated life tests. For a specified group, the mean ratio as a quality measure is being used to determine the minimum number of lots and the acceptance number needed to satisfy a particular consumer’s and producer’s risk which is assisting in the determination of the test termination time and required number of testers. In addition, simulation studies to demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the estimates are being carrying out together with the hypothetical illustration of the Group acceptance sampling plan based on the Kumaraswamy Bell–Rayleigh model. The values of the operating characteristic function are being obtained using various quality levels. The new distribution utility is being justifying with data on the COVID-19 death rate in Angola and the supply of protein in Afghanistan. Preliminary data diagnostics reveal that the two data sets are quasi-normal with only a data point causing the first data to deviate from normality. The results reveal that the proposed model fits the data better than the other fitted models and is also preferred in the estimation of parameters. In addition, from the life example, the applicability of the proposed group acceptance sampling plan under the new model was showcased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}