Scientific African最新文献_第8页

Unveiling the mechanism of anti-diabetic action of sunflower seeds through modulation of MMP1 and PPARA in HepG2 cells 揭示葵花籽通过调节HepG2细胞MMP1和PPARA抗糖尿病作用的机制

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03162

Athika Rampadarath , Terisha Ghazi , Anil A. Chuturgoon , Saheed Sabiu

Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) seed is an oilseed crop with documented anti-diabetic potential. This study employed in vitro (cell line model) to validate the anti-diabetic action of sunflower seed cultivars on the modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, focusing on the hub genes matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), obtained from our previous network pharmacology study. Cytotoxicity assessment of the six cultivars investigated revealed the optimal concentrations of 100 μg/mL for AGSUN 5108 CLP and AGSUN 5270, 75 μg/mL for AGSUN 5103 CLP and AGSUN 5101 CLP, and 50 and 25 μg/mL for AGSUN 5206 CLP and AGSUN 8251, respectively. Glucose consumption was reduced in AGSUN 5103 CLP, AGSUN 8251, and AGSUN 5101 CLP treated cells compared to metformin (14.85 mmol/L) and untreated insulin-resistant HepG2 cells (17.00 mmol/L). Additionally, these cultivars upregulated the expression of MMP1 and PPARA, with AGSUN 5101 CLP exhibiting the higher expression level, showing the fold increases in MMP1 (1.88) and PPARA (4.59) expression, relative to metformin (MMP1= 8.25; PPARA = 12.38) and insulin (MMP1= 3.71; PPARA = 10.37). These findings highlight the potential of sunflower seeds, particularly cultivar AGSUN 5101 CLP, as natural therapeutic agents for diabetes through PPAR signalling pathway. Through MMP1 and PPARA modulation within PPAR pathway, the seeds may stimulate glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid oxidation, which may aid in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications. However, further pre-clinical, translational, and clinical studies are required to substantiate these findings.

向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种子是一种具有抗糖尿病潜力的油料作物。本研究采用体外（细胞系模型）验证葵花籽品种对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）信号通路的调节作用，重点研究了我们前期网络药理学研究中获得的枢纽基因基质金属蛋白酶1 （MMP1）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α (PPARA)。结果表明，AGSUN 5108 CLP和AGSUN 5270的最佳浓度为100 μg/mL， AGSUN 5103 CLP和AGSUN 5101 CLP的最佳浓度为75 μg/mL， AGSUN 5206 CLP和AGSUN 8251的最佳浓度为50和25 μg/mL。与二甲双胍（14.85 mmol/L）和未处理的胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞（17.00 mmol/L）相比，AGSUN 5103 CLP、AGSUN 8251和AGSUN 5101 CLP处理细胞的葡萄糖消耗减少。此外，这些品种上调了MMP1和PPARA的表达，其中AGSUN 5101 CLP表达水平较高，MMP1（1.88）和PPARA（4.59）的表达量比二甲双胍（MMP1= 8.25, PPARA = 12.38）和胰岛素（MMP1= 3.71, PPARA = 10.37）增加了两倍。这些发现强调了葵花籽，特别是品种AGSUN 5101 CLP，通过PPAR信号通路作为糖尿病的天然治疗剂的潜力。通过PPAR通路中的MMP1和PPARA调节，种子可能刺激葡萄糖摄取、胰岛素敏感性和脂肪酸氧化，这可能有助于降低2型糖尿病（T2DM）及其相关并发症的风险。然而，需要进一步的临床前、转化和临床研究来证实这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Medicinal plants used in the Maasai traditional healthcare system for diabetes and associated conditions in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙Monduli地区马赛传统医疗保健系统中用于治疗糖尿病和相关疾病的药用植物

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03165

Wilfrida P. Roman , Haikael D. Martin , Huda Ismail , Md. Shahidul Islam

Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health concern, particularly in resource-limited countries where traditional medicine remains a primary source of healthcare. Despite its significant contribution, comprehensive documentation of indigenous medicinal plants used for diabetes management remains limited across various communities. This study aimed to document and analyze the ethnomedicinal knowledge of Maasai Traditional Practitioners (MTPs) in Monduli District, Tanzania, with an emphasis on plant-based remedies utilized for the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with MTPs, followed by plant identification and literature review to assess the novelty and reported uses of the documented species. A total of 55 medicinal plant species belonging to 33 families were recorded. Notably, eight species, including Aasparagus africanus, Flueggea virosa, Cynodon dactylon, Malva verticillata, Ximenia caffra, Ziziphus mucronata, Scutia myrtina, and Corchorus olitorius were reported for the first time as antidiabetic remedies. Trees and shrubs were the dominant growth forms, with roots and bark being the most frequently utilized plant parts. Oral administration was the primary mode of remedy delivery, with dosage and frequency varying according to disease severity and patient condition. The findings highlight the importance of Maasai indigenous knowledge in diabetes management while raising sustainability concerns due to the extensive harvesting of roots and bark. Further research is recommended to support conservation and cultivation efforts and to evaluate the antidiabetic potential, bioactive compounds, and safety of newly identified species, thereby contributing to the development of novel plant-derived antidiabetic therapies and the preservation of indigenous knowledge.

糖尿病是一个日益严重的全球健康问题，特别是在传统医学仍然是主要保健来源的资源有限的国家。尽管其贡献巨大，但用于糖尿病管理的本地药用植物的综合文献在各个社区仍然有限。本研究旨在记录和分析坦桑尼亚Monduli地区马赛族传统从业者（mtp）的民族医学知识，重点研究用于治疗糖尿病及其相关并发症的植物疗法。通过与MTPs的半结构化访谈收集民族植物学数据，然后进行植物鉴定和文献回顾，以评估记录物种的新颖性和报告用途。共有药用植物55种，隶属于33科。值得注意的是，首次报道了非洲芦笋、流感病毒、长爪蟹、黄花苜蓿、西米尼亚·卡菲拉、紫皮菇、桃金娘、山茱萸等8种抗糖尿病药物。乔木和灌木是主要的生长形式，根和树皮是最常用的植物部分。口服给药是主要的治疗方式，剂量和频率根据疾病严重程度和患者病情而变化。这些发现强调了马赛土著知识在糖尿病管理中的重要性，同时由于大量收获根和树皮而引起了可持续性问题。建议进一步研究以支持保护和培育工作，并评估新发现物种的抗糖尿病潜力，生物活性化合物和安全性，从而有助于开发新的植物源性抗糖尿病疗法和保护本土知识。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning based process optimisation in laser metal deposition: A systematic review 基于机器学习的激光金属沉积工艺优化：系统综述

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03169

Laone Ronaldo Pilane , Annelize Botes , Kumeshan Reddy , Dreyer Bernard

This review systematically maps how machine learning (ML) is used to optimise laser metal deposition (LMD) processes, with an emphasis on offline predictive modelling rather than in-situ control. LMD enables near-net-shape fabrication and repair of high-value components, but its nonlinear, multiphysics behaviour makes parameter selection, quality assurance, and trial-and-error optimisation costly, slow, and often non-generalisable. To clarify how ML can address these challenges, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, screening four major databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2025 that apply ML to offline LMD or related directed energy deposition processes. Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed using a structured data extraction form capturing process conditions, ML algorithms, targeted outputs, data regimes, and performance metrics. The literature concentrates on three domains: clad geometry prediction (48 % of studies), defect detection and classification (32 %), and mechanical property optimisation (20 %). Regression tasks for geometry and properties are dominated by Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Regression, and Gaussian Process Regression, which frequently achieve coefficients of determination above 0.90, while image-based deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks and YOLO variants deliver defect classification accuracies exceeding 95 %. Hybrid frameworks that couple predictive ML with metaheuristic optimisation yield up to 15 % improvements in multi-objective optimisation and inverse design performance. This review synthesises ML methodologies, performance trends, and emerging hybrid and physics-informed approaches, and proposes actionable research directions to enhance reproducibility, generalisability, and industrial adoption of ML-enabled LMD.

这篇综述系统地描绘了机器学习（ML）如何用于优化激光金属沉积（LMD）工艺，重点是离线预测建模而不是原位控制。LMD可以实现高价值部件的近净形状制造和修复，但其非线性、多物理场的行为使得参数选择、质量保证和试错优化成本高、速度慢，而且往往不可推广。为了阐明ML如何应对这些挑战，根据PRISMA指南进行了系统审查，筛选了2019年至2025年间发表的四个主要数据库，以获取将ML应用于离线LMD或相关定向能沉积工艺的同行评审研究。60项研究符合纳入标准，并使用结构化数据提取表单进行分析，获取过程条件、ML算法、目标输出、数据制度和性能指标。文献集中在三个领域：覆层几何预测（48%的研究），缺陷检测和分类（32%）和机械性能优化（20%）。几何和属性的回归任务主要由人工神经网络、支持向量回归和高斯过程回归主导，它们的决定系数经常达到0.90以上，而基于图像的深度学习模型，如卷积神经网络和YOLO变体，其缺陷分类准确率超过95%。将预测机器学习与元启发式优化相结合的混合框架在多目标优化和逆设计性能方面提高了15%。本文综合了机器学习方法、性能趋势以及新兴的混合和物理信息方法，并提出了可操作的研究方向，以提高机器学习支持的LMD的再现性、通用性和工业采用。

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引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion of Morocco 夜蛾科（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）入侵摩洛哥的风险评估

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03158

Khalid Khfif , Awa Ndiyae , Kofi Frimpong-Anin , Assienin Hauverset N'guessan , Timothy Oluwafemi Ajiboye , Akira Otuka

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest, causing serious economic damage to plant production and consequent social implications in Africa. As FAW is a migratory moth that was first confirmed in western African countries in early 2016, it quickly spread to most African continent. However, no FAW has been found in Morocco so far. In this study, we assessed the migration risk of the FAW to Morocco by applying a trajectory modeling approach to simulate potential flight paths from several locations where the pest is currently established. Our findings indicated that the majority of simulated terminal points originating from the Mauritanian trap site near the Moroccan border were concentrated over the Atlantic Ocean, southern Mauritania, and northern Senegal, with only a few reaching Moroccan territory. The risk of FAW invasion from the south appears low, as the arid desert regions of southern Morocco lack suitable host plants, and the combination of high temperatures and drought stress likely limits the pest’s survival and movement. Therefore, FAW monitoring efforts should be prioritized in areas facing the Canary Islands, where both host plants and favorable climatic conditions exist. Although the primary focus of this study was to assess FAW invasion risk to Morocco, broader wind dynamics across Africa were briefly considered to provide regional context.

秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是一种多食性害虫，对非洲的植物生产造成严重的经济损失和随之而来的社会影响。由于FAW是一种迁徙性飞蛾，于2016年初首次在西非国家被确认，因此它迅速蔓延到非洲大陆的大部分地区。然而，到目前为止，在摩洛哥还没有发现一汽。在这项研究中，我们通过应用轨迹建模方法来模拟目前存在害虫的几个地点的潜在飞行路径，评估了FAW向摩洛哥的迁移风险。我们的研究结果表明，大多数模拟终点源自摩洛哥边境附近的毛里塔尼亚陷阱地点，集中在大西洋，毛里塔尼亚南部和塞内加尔北部，只有少数到达摩洛哥领土。FAW从南方入侵的风险似乎很低，因为摩洛哥南部干旱的沙漠地区缺乏合适的寄主植物，高温和干旱压力的结合可能限制了这种害虫的生存和移动。因此，FAW的监测工作应优先考虑面对加那利群岛的地区，那里既有寄主植物，也有有利的气候条件。虽然本研究的主要重点是评估一汽入侵摩洛哥的风险，但也简要考虑了整个非洲更广泛的风力动力学，以提供区域背景。

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引用次数: 0

Generative adversarial networks-based software development effort estimation for small datasets 基于生成对抗网络的小数据集软件开发工作量估计

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03156

Fatima Ezzahra Boujida , Fatima Azzahra Amazal , Ali Idri

In project management, accurately estimating the effort required for software projects is crucial. With the right configuration, artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to build predictive models since they learn from previous data and minimize errors. In this study, we combined the Feed-Forward Backpropagation Neural Network algorithm (FBNN) with a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to estimate the effort of software development projects and address the challenge of small datasets by generating new samples. Besides, we investigated the impact of using three scaling methods (min-max scaler, robust scaler, and standard scaler) on the performance of the GAN-FBNN model using six datasets (COCOMO81, NASA93, Desharnais, Kitchenham, ISBSG, and Maxwell). We evaluated and compared the performance of the GAN-FBNN model applying the aforementioned scaling methods with that of a simple FBNN model. Statistical tests were also used to compare and rank the four models. The experimental results demonstrate that combining GAN and data scaling with the FBNN model in SDEE is promising, showing better performance than the classical FBNN model.

在项目管理中，准确地估计软件项目所需的工作量是至关重要的。通过正确的配置，人工神经网络（ann）可以用来建立预测模型，因为它们可以从以前的数据中学习并最小化错误。在本研究中，我们将前馈反向传播神经网络算法（FBNN）与生成对抗网络（GAN）相结合，以估计软件开发项目的工作量，并通过生成新样本来解决小数据集的挑战。此外，我们利用6个数据集（COCOMO81、NASA93、Desharnais、Kitchenham、ISBSG和Maxwell）研究了三种标度方法（最小-最大标度、鲁棒标度和标准标度）对GAN-FBNN模型性能的影响。我们评估并比较了采用上述缩放方法的GAN-FBNN模型与简单FBNN模型的性能。采用统计检验对四种模型进行比较和排序。实验结果表明，将GAN和数据缩放与FBNN模型结合在SDEE中是有前景的，表现出比经典FBNN模型更好的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Geostatistical modeling of subsurface heterogeneity in the Al-Haouz-Mejjate aquifer system, morocco: A T-PROGS approach for enhanced hydrogeological characterization 摩洛哥Al-Haouz-Mejjate含水层系统地下非均质性的地质统计建模：用于增强水文地质表征的T-PROGS方法

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03163

Lhoussaine El Mezouary , Abderhman Elfarchouni , Abdessamad Hadri , Mohamed Hakim Kharrou , Younes Fakır , Lhoussaine Bouchaou , Abdelghani Chehbouni

Subsurface heterogeneity characterization in tectonically active sedimentary basins presents substantial challenges for groundwater resource management, particularly where conventional deterministic interpolation methods inadequately represent complex three-dimensional facies architectures controlling flow and transport. This study applies transition probability geostatistical simulation (T-PROGS) to characterize the Al-Haouz-Mejjate aquifer system in central Morocco, utilizing 635 borehole lithological logs spanning 55 years of drilling campaigns. Lithofacies data were consolidated into three hydrostratigraphic units based on permeability ranges: high-permeability coarse clastics (HFU-1), moderate-permeability mixed sediments (HFU-2), and low-permeability aquitards (HFU-3). Markov chain transition probability analysis quantified vertical and lateral facies relationships, enabling conditional stochastic simulation of three-dimensional hydrofacies distributions. Results demonstrate systematic spatial gradation across the 150 km basin extent: the eastern sector exhibits greater HFU-1 abundance with minimal aquitard development indicating unconfined, high-transmissivity conditions; the western sector shows substantially increased HFU-3 abundance creating vertically compartmentalized, semi-confined architecture. Characterized horizontal-to-vertical anisotropy ratios of 10:1 reflect typical fluvial-alluvial depositional geometry. The model accurately reproduces observed hydrofacies proportions with errors below 0.15% (HFU-1: -0.13%, HFU-2: +0.05%, HFU-3: +0.08%), and independent validation using 13 strategically reserved boreholes distributed across eastern, central, and western subregions confirms accurate prediction of vertical facies sequences. The resulting heterogeneity framework provides essential input for numerical groundwater flow modeling, supporting improved predictions of aquifer behavior, well productivity variations, and contamination vulnerability across this hydrogeologically important basin.

构造活跃沉积盆地的地下非均质性表征给地下水资源管理带来了巨大挑战，特别是在传统的确定性插值方法不能充分代表控制流动和输送的复杂三维相结构的情况下。本研究采用过渡概率地质统计模拟（T-PROGS）来描述摩洛哥中部Al-Haouz-Mejjate含水层系统的特征，利用了跨越55年钻井活动的635个井眼岩性测井曲线。根据渗透率范围，将岩相数据整合为3个水文地层单元：高渗透粗碎屑岩（HFU-1）、中渗透混合沉积岩（HFU-2）和低渗透含水层（HFU-3）。马尔可夫链转移概率分析量化了垂直和横向相关系，实现了三维水相分布的条件随机模拟。结果表明，在150 km的流域范围内存在系统的空间梯度：东部地区具有较高的HFU-1丰度和最小的含水层发育，表明无限制的高透射率条件；西段显示出显著增加的HFU-3丰度，形成垂直分隔的半密闭建筑。水平-垂直各向异性比为10:1，反映了典型的河流-冲积沉积几何特征。该模型准确地重现了观测到的水相比例，误差低于0.15% (HFU-1: -0.13%, HFU-2: +0.05%, HFU-3: +0.08%)，分布在东部、中部和西部亚区13个战略预留钻孔的独立验证证实了垂向相序列的准确预测。由此产生的非均质性框架为数值地下水流动建模提供了必要的输入，支持改进对该水文地质重要盆地含水层行为、井产能变化和污染脆弱性的预测。

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引用次数: 0

Study of the electronic properties of quantum rings under the influence of the electric field in the presence of two off-center impurities 两种偏离中心杂质存在时电场影响下量子环电子性质的研究

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03155

M. El Hadi , M. Hbibi , S. Chouef , R. Boussetta , A. El Moussaouy , O. Mommadi , C.A. Duque

This study examines the electronic properties of a GaAs quantum ring under the influence of external electric fields and donor impurity interactions, utilizing the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and the effective mass approximation. We explore the effects of quantum ring geometry, impurity positioning, and the application of electric fields on the electron–impurity binding energy and the average distance between the electron and the impurities. Our results reveal that the electron–impurity binding energy is strongly influenced by the angular position of the impurities, with stronger interactions observed when the impurities are closer to the symmetry axis of the ring. The application of an external electric field induces the Stark effect, which reduces the binding energy and alters the electron charge distribution. Furthermore, the presence of impurity interactions (

κ = 1

) increases the binding energy, while the absence of impurity interactions (

κ = 0

) leads to weaker binding. The study also shows that the average distance between the electron and impurities is sensitive to the angular position of the impurities and decreases under the influence of an electric field. These findings underscore the crucial role of quantum ring geometry, external fields, and impurity interactions in shaping the electronic properties of nanoscale devices, providing valuable insights for the development of advanced quantum-based technologies.

利用有限差分法（FDM）和有效质量近似，研究了外电场和施主杂质相互作用下GaAs量子环的电子特性。我们探讨了量子环几何形状、杂质定位和电场的应用对电子-杂质结合能和电子与杂质的平均距离的影响。我们的结果表明，电子-杂质结合能受杂质的角度位置的强烈影响，当杂质更接近环的对称轴时，观察到更强的相互作用。外加电场的作用引起了斯塔克效应，它降低了结合能，改变了电子电荷的分布。此外，杂质相互作用（κ=1）的存在增加了结合能，而不存在杂质相互作用（κ=0）导致结合较弱。研究还表明，电子与杂质之间的平均距离对杂质的角度位置很敏感，并且在电场的影响下减小。这些发现强调了量子环几何形状、外场和杂质相互作用在塑造纳米级器件电子特性中的关键作用，为先进量子技术的发展提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting detoxification pathways: Larvicidal and GST-Inhibitory potentials of essential oils in Culex pipiens 靶向解毒途径：淡库蚊精油的杀幼虫和gst抑制电位

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03154

Ashwaq M. Al-Nazawi , Mohamed A.M. Shahat , Ahmed H. Abdelwahab , Hatoon A. Niyazi , Hanouf A. Niyazi , Ahmed S. Hashem

The mosquito Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is the principal and most widespread vector of the West Nile virus worldwide. Conventional mosquito control heavily relies on synthetic insecticides, which, despite their effectiveness, contribute to resistance development and pose risks to ecosystems. Resistance is frequently associated with target-site mutations and enhanced detoxification mediated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Essential oils (EOs) from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) represent promising eco-friendly alternatives for mosquito management. This study investigated their larvicidal potential with particular emphasis on GST inhibition in C. pipiens. Molecular docking revealed that limonene, a major EO constituent, exhibited the strongest binding affinity to GST (ΔG = –6.3 ± 0.2 kcal/mol), surpassing the standard inhibitor diethyl maleate. Biochemical assays confirmed significant GST inhibition, while ADMET predictions indicated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for limonene alongside certain toxicity alerts. These results suggest that EO-derived compounds act through a dual mechanism—direct larvicidal toxicity and disruption of detoxification pathways. Beyond laboratory efficacy, the findings underscore the potential ecological advantages of EOs, including their rapid environmental degradation and reduced risk of bioaccumulation, though further validation under field conditions and non-target safety assessments remains essential. Collectively, this integrative study highlights the potential of clove, marjoram, and cinnamon EOs as sustainable, safer alternatives to synthetic larvicides in mosquito control programs.

库蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）是西尼罗病毒在世界范围内传播最广的主要媒介。传统的蚊虫控制严重依赖合成杀虫剂，这些杀虫剂尽管有效，但却助长了抗药性的发展，并对生态系统构成威胁。耐药性通常与靶位点突变和由谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GSTs）等酶介导的解毒增强有关。丁香（Syzygium aromaticum L.）、马郁兰（Origanum majorana L.）和肉桂（Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.）的精油（EOs）是有前途的环保蚊子管理替代品。本研究主要考察了GST对库蚊的抑制作用。分子对接发现，柠檬烯对GST的结合亲和力最强（ΔG = -6.3±0.2 kcal/mol），超过了标准抑制剂马来酸二乙酯。生化分析证实了显著的GST抑制作用，而ADMET预测显示柠檬烯有利的药代动力学特征以及某些毒性警报。这些结果表明，eo衍生的化合物通过双重机制起作用-直接杀幼虫毒性和破坏解毒途径。除了实验室功效，研究结果强调了EOs潜在的生态优势，包括其快速的环境降解和降低生物积累风险，尽管在现场条件和非靶标安全性评估下的进一步验证仍然是必要的。总的来说，这项综合研究强调了丁香、马万兰和肉桂精油作为可持续的、更安全的杀虫剂在蚊虫控制项目中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of chitosan-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles with pH-dependent controlled-release kinetics to enhance the delivery of potential antidiarrheal medicinal plant extract to the lower gastrointestinal tract 壳聚糖修饰聚乳酸-羟基乙酸微颗粒的合成及其ph依赖性控释动力学，以增强潜在止泻药用植物提取物下胃肠道的递送

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03153

A.M.N. Shatri , Y Lemmer , L Kalombo , V Mandiwana , D.R. Mumbengegwi

Phytotherapy has been used to treat gastroenteritis in many African countries, with medicinal plant extracts from Grewia tenax, Corchorus tridens, and Lantana camara showing strong antibacterial properties against bacteria that cause gastroenteritis. However, issues such as uncontrolled metabolism by gastric juices and instability in the gastrointestinal tract due to varying pH levels reduce the effectiveness of these phytomedicines. This has limited their use as an alternative or complementary treatment for gastroenteritis. To address this, nanotechnology has been employed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of phytomedicines. This study aimed to develop biodegradable, plant-based, chitosan-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (CMPLGA) microparticles for targeted release in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Nanoparticles were created by mixing 12. 5 mg/ml of polymers with 120 mg/ml of antibacterial extracts from G. tenax, C. tridens. and L. camara using a modified double emulsion (W 1/O/W 2) and solvent evaporation method. The size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy and electrophoretic laser Doppler anemometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to examine morphology, and the encapsulation efficiency was determined via UV- vis spectroscopy. In vitro, the release kinetics of the plant extracts from the nanoparticles were investigated using sample separation techniques in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, without the presence of enzymes. The plant-based CMPLGA nanoparticles were spherical, with sizes ranging from 524 ± 18 nm. 92 nm to 2582 ± 123 nm, and zeta potential from 2. 68 ± 0. 08 mV to 44. 2 ± 0. 100 mV; encapsulation efficiency was greater than 89.8 %. The release of phytomedicine from the nanoparticles depended on pH, with <2 % release at pH 1. 2 and over 50 % release at pH 7. 7.4. These CMPLGA nanoparticles improved the stability of the antibacterial phytomedicine in acidic conditions similar to those in the upper GI tract. They may serve as an effective vehicle for future drug delivery targeting gastrointestinal pathogens in the lower GI tract.

在许多非洲国家，植物疗法已被用于治疗胃肠炎，药用植物提取物来自藤属植物（Grewia tenax）、砗磲草（Corchorus tridens）和大蕉（Lantana camara），它们对引起胃肠炎的细菌具有很强的抗菌特性。然而，诸如胃液代谢失控和胃肠道不稳定等问题由于pH值的变化降低了这些植物药物的有效性。这限制了它们作为肠胃炎的替代或补充治疗的使用。为了解决这个问题，纳米技术已被用于改善植物药物的药代动力学和药效学特性。本研究旨在开发可生物降解的植物基壳聚糖修饰的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸（CMPLGA）微颗粒，用于下胃肠道靶向释放。纳米颗粒是通过混合12。5毫克/毫升的聚合物，120毫克/毫升的抗菌提取物，从天竺葵，三叉戟。采用改性双乳液（w1 /O/ w2）和溶剂蒸发法制备L. camara。利用光子相关光谱和电泳激光多普勒风速法测定了纳米粒子的尺寸和zeta电位。采用扫描电镜观察其形貌，紫外可见光谱法测定其包封效率。在体外，利用样品分离技术研究了纳米颗粒中植物提取物在没有酶存在的模拟胃液和肠液中的释放动力学。植物基CMPLGA纳米颗粒为球形，粒径范围为524±18 nm、92 nm ~ 2582±123 nm， zeta电位为2。68±0。08 mV到44。2±0。100 mV;包封率大于89.8%。植物药的释放与pH值有关，pH值为1时释放量为2%。在pH值为7时，释放量超过50%。7.4. 这些CMPLGA纳米颗粒提高了抗菌植物药在类似于上消化道酸性条件下的稳定性。它们可以作为一种有效的载体，为未来的药物输送靶向胃肠道病原体在下消化道。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the binder effect of Pentadesma butyracea gum on the mechanical characteristics of paracetamol tablets 丁酸Pentadesma butyracea胶粘结剂对扑热息痛片力学特性的影响

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03147

Mary-Ann Archer , Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye , Raphael Johnson , Isaac Yaw Attah , Samuel Lugrie Kipo , Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi , Frederick William Akuffo Owusu , Emmanuel Awintiig Adakudugu , Doris Kumadoh

Natural gums are widely studied as safe, affordable, and accessible pharmaceutical excipients, yet many indigenous gums remain poorly characterized, highlighting the need for locally viable binder alternatives. This study evaluated purified Pentadesma butyracea gum (PBG) as a binder for conventional-release paracetamol tablets, aiming to establish a reliable local alternative that reduces dependence on imported excipients and supports cost-effective pharmaceutical production. PBG, precipitated from crude mucilage using 96% ethanol was incorporated into the tablets at seven concentrations (0.5 – 6%^w/_w), forming formulations PB1 – PB7, with corresponding acacia-based formulations (AC1- AC7). FTIR spectroscopy assessed compatibility between PBG, paracetamol, and excipients. The granules and tablets underwent pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial evaluation. The dissolution profiles were compared using similarity (f₂) and difference (f₁) factors. FTIR studies showed no chemical interactions between PBG, paracetamol and the excipients. Granules from PB1, AC1, PB2, AC2 and AC3 showed fair flow, while the remaining batches demonstrated good flow properties. Most formulations met pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial standards; however, PB1, PB2, PB3, and AC1 failed friability, and PB1 and AC1 did not meet hardness requirements. AC7 also failed disintegration and dissolution tests. Increasing binder concentration improved tablet mechanical strength across batches. Comparative analysis showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between PBG and acacia formulations in hardness and tensile strength. Dissolution assessment indicated that all formulations, except PB6, were similar to their acacia counterparts (f₂ > 50; f₁ < 15). PBG demonstrated binding properties comparable to acacia gum, indicating its utility as a promising, locally available natural binder for conventional-release tablets.

天然牙龈被广泛研究为安全、负担得起和可获得的药用辅料，然而许多本土牙龈仍然缺乏特征，突出了当地可行的粘合剂替代品的需求。本研究评估了纯化的丁酸戊酯胶（PBG）作为常规释放的扑热息痛片的粘合剂，旨在建立一种可靠的本地替代品，减少对进口辅料的依赖，并支持具有成本效益的药物生产。用96%乙醇从粗黏液中沉淀PBG，以7种浓度（0.5 ~ 6%w/w）掺入片剂中，形成配方PB1 ~ PB7，以及相应的金合花配方（AC1 ~ AC7）。FTIR光谱评估了PBG、扑热息痛和辅料之间的相容性。颗粒剂和片剂分别进行了药典和非药典评价。用相似因子（f2）和差异因子（f1）比较溶出谱。FTIR研究显示PBG、扑热息痛和辅料之间没有化学相互作用。PB1、AC1、PB2、AC2和AC3的颗粒流动性能一般，其余批次的颗粒流动性能较好。大多数制剂符合药典和非药典标准；而PB1、PB2、PB3、AC1脆性不合格，PB1、AC1硬度不符合要求。AC7也未通过崩解和溶解试验。增加粘合剂浓度提高了整批片剂的机械强度。对比分析表明，PBG和金合欢制剂在硬度和抗拉强度方面无显著差异（p > 0.05）。溶出度评估表明，除PB6外，所有制剂均与金合欢制剂相似（f2 > 50; f1 < 15）。PBG的结合性能与阿拉伯胶相当，表明其作为常规释放片剂的一种有前途的、当地可用的天然结合剂的效用。

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引用次数: 0