The genetic diversity of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh was investigated using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Apricot, a fruit-bearing tree known for its high nutritional value, requires genetic diversity analysis for effective breeding and conservation efforts. Molecular characterization using 46 SSR markers produced a total of 974 alleles with an average of 33.59 alleles per locus and PIC values ranging from 0.16 to 0.50, indicating a high level of polymorphism. PCR products of 15 indigenous collections and ‘Shakarpara’ revealed unique bands that were sequenced and subjected to BLAST, showing a high degree of homology with Prunus dulcis. A high quality reference genome for apricot is still unavailable, thereby limiting the elucidation of phenotypic associations with genetic background. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity of apricot germplasm, crucial for sustainable breeding strategies, and need for integrating advanced genomic tools to further elucidate the genetic architecture of apricot.
{"title":"Exploring genetic diversity in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) populations using SSR markers","authors":"Bunty Shylla , Dharam Paul Sharma , Anil Handa , Manisha Thakur , Pooja Sharma , Narender Negi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genetic diversity of apricot (<em>Prunus armeniaca</em> L.) germplasm in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh was investigated using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Apricot, a fruit-bearing tree known for its high nutritional value, requires genetic diversity analysis for effective breeding and conservation efforts. Molecular characterization using 46 SSR markers produced a total of 974 alleles with an average of 33.59 alleles per locus and PIC values ranging from 0.16 to 0.50, indicating a high level of polymorphism. PCR products of 15 indigenous collections and ‘Shakarpara’ revealed unique bands that were sequenced and subjected to BLAST, showing a high degree of homology with <em>Prunus dulcis.</em> A high quality reference genome for apricot is still unavailable, thereby limiting the elucidation of phenotypic associations with genetic background. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity of apricot germplasm, crucial for sustainable breeding strategies, and need for integrating advanced genomic tools to further elucidate the genetic architecture of apricot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to establish an efficient in vitro plant rooting for strawberry using essential oils (EOs) as substitutes for growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. EOs from Thymus capitatus and Rosmarinus officinalis. The major components were carvacrol (33.78 %) and δ-terpinene (23.55 %) for T. capitatus, and 1,8-cineole (17.02 %), α-pinene (13.98 %), and camphor (12.11 %) for R. officinalis. Micro-shoots were transferred to MS auxin-free, with various concentrations of thyme (TEO) and rosemary EO (REO) to determine optimal concentrations for rooting. During the acclimatization, photosynthetic performance was assessed using the MultispeQ sensor, focusing on Maximum Quantum Efficiency of Photosystem II (FV/FM), Linear Electron Flow (LEF), and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). Results were compared to those obtained with exogenous indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) during the rooting stage. All treatments successfully induced root formation, indicating that IBA is not essential for root induction. The most effective rooting was achieved with REO at 100 ppm and TEO at 10 ppm after 30 days. Plants acclimatized with REO at 100 ppm exhibited the highest growth rate and optimal PSII performance, indicating superior plant health and survival. Both EOs are promising for providing sustainable alternatives to reduce reliance on chemical substances, particularly during the critical rooting phase in the micropropagation of edible crops such as strawberry. REO shows potential to mimic growth hormones like IBA and even cytokinin, stimulating auxiliary shoot growth and possibly reducing genetic instability, making it a promising area for future tissue culture research.
{"title":"Auxin-like potential of essential oils in strawberry micropropagation: A sustainable approach to root induction and photosynthetic performance","authors":"Rym Chaouch , Sihem Soufi , Zayneb Kthiri , Taoufik Bettaieb","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to establish an efficient <em>in vitro</em> plant rooting for strawberry using essential oils (EOs) as substitutes for growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. EOs from <em>Thymus capitatus</em> and <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em>. The major components were carvacrol (33.78 %) and δ-terpinene (23.55 %) for T. capitatus, and 1,8-cineole (17.02 %), α-pinene (13.98 %), and camphor (12.11 %) for R. officinalis. Micro-shoots were transferred to MS auxin-free, with various concentrations of thyme (TEO) and rosemary EO (REO) to determine optimal concentrations for rooting. During the acclimatization, photosynthetic performance was assessed using the MultispeQ sensor, focusing on Maximum Quantum Efficiency of Photosystem II (FV/FM), Linear Electron Flow (LEF), and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). Results were compared to those obtained with exogenous indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) during the rooting stage. All treatments successfully induced root formation, indicating that IBA is not essential for root induction. The most effective rooting was achieved with REO at 100 ppm and TEO at 10 ppm after 30 days. Plants acclimatized with REO at 100 ppm exhibited the highest growth rate and optimal PSII performance, indicating superior plant health and survival. Both EOs are promising for providing sustainable alternatives to reduce reliance on chemical substances, particularly during the critical rooting phase in the micropropagation of edible crops such as strawberry. REO shows potential to mimic growth hormones like IBA and even cytokinin, stimulating auxiliary shoot growth and possibly reducing genetic instability, making it a promising area for future tissue culture research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important components in achieving increased crop productivity is a balanced supply of necessary macro- and micronutrients. Among the various nutrients Boron (B) is recognised as a vital nutrient for the plant's life. however, inadequate availability of B can affect root development, nitrogen absorption, the integrity and function of cell walls and ultimately reduce the crop yield. Over 90 % of B in plants is found in cell wall, signifying its relevance in the growth and development of the root system. Since B is crucial for indispensable plant processes, it is a necessary constituent of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), acting as a binding component in the cell wall, and as a result, it maintains membrane integrity, the indole acetic acid pathway, and cell wall synthesis. Therefore, this review aimed to assemble the novel information's of the function of boron in roots of the plant, deficiency symptoms, and the mechanisms of abiotic stresses management etc.
{"title":"Functions of boron in plant roots: Current insights","authors":"Aakriti Srivastava , Monika Thakur , Sangeeta Pandey , Chitranjan Kumar , Shivesh Sharma , Rupesh Deshmukh , Anket Sharma , Vijay Pratap Singh , Durgesh Kumar Tripathi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.07.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.07.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most important components in achieving increased crop productivity is a balanced supply of necessary macro- and micronutrients. Among the various nutrients Boron (B) is recognised as a vital nutrient for the plant's life. however, inadequate availability of B can affect root development, nitrogen absorption, the integrity and function of cell walls and ultimately reduce the crop yield. Over 90 % of B in plants is found in cell wall, signifying its relevance in the growth and development of the root system. Since B is crucial for indispensable plant processes, it is a necessary constituent of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), acting as a binding component in the cell wall, and as a result, it maintains membrane integrity, the indole acetic acid pathway, and cell wall synthesis. Therefore, this review aimed to assemble the novel information's of the function of boron in roots of the plant, deficiency symptoms, and the mechanisms of abiotic stresses management etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of medicinal plants in the management of cancer and related ailments has been known since time immemorial among African people. Hymenocardia acida is one such plant. This research aimed at the determination of the cytotoxic bioactive principle(s) and mechanistic determination of its mechanism of action(s). Bench-top cytotoxicity screening was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (20 – 100 µg/mL) and Raniceps ranninus (20 – 400 µg/mL), while growth inhibitory assay was carried out using Sorghum bicolor (SB) (1 - 30 mg/mL) model, the bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic principle(s) was carried out using a combination of different chromatographic techniques, and probable mechanism of action was determined using in silico model. The crude extract (HA) and aqueous fraction (HAQ) Hymenocardia acida exhibited 100 % mortality on the Raniceps ranninus (RR) at different concentrations (20 – 400 μg/mL), HA and HAQ produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the radicle length of S. bicolor in a concentration-dependent manner throughout the period of the experiment. The concentration range of 7.81 and 250 µg/mL in HA and HAQ, produced 71.70 ± 1.12 – 98.99 ± 1.96 % cytotoxicity range against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HA possesses a 28.90 % improvement in cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 colon cancer upon solvent partitioning, HA exhibited the highest activity against human H460 lung cancer (IC50 20.80 ± 6.10). The most active fraction of HA produced lupeol, which showed remarkable cytotoxic effects on the human HCT116 colon cancer cell lines at low concentrations. Lupeol had antagonist influence on human tyrosine kinase (cytotoxic) and ERK2 receptors (cytostatic; MAPK signaling). Findings from this research justified the ethnomedicinal claim of Hymenocardia acida in the treatment of tumour-related ailments
{"title":"Lupeol: Bioactivity-guided cytotoxic principle from Hymenocardia acida Tul. (Phyllantaceae) suppresses signaling pathways via polypharmacology antagonism","authors":"Oluwasegun Adedokun , Buniyamin Ayinde , Filippo Maggi , Luciano Barboni","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of medicinal plants in the management of cancer and related ailments has been known since time immemorial among African people. <em>Hymenocardia acida</em> is one such plant. This research aimed at the determination of the cytotoxic bioactive principle(s) and mechanistic determination of its mechanism of action(s). Bench-top cytotoxicity screening was carried out using <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (20 – 100 µg/mL) and <em>Raniceps ranninus</em> (20 – 400 µg/mL), while growth inhibitory assay was carried out using Sorghum bicolor (SB) (1 - 30 mg/mL) model, the bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic principle(s) was carried out using a combination of different chromatographic techniques, and probable mechanism of action was determined using <em>in silico</em> model. The crude extract (HA) and aqueous fraction (HAQ) Hymenocardia acida exhibited 100 % mortality on the <em>Raniceps ranninus</em> (RR) at different concentrations (20 – 400 μg/mL), HA and HAQ produced a significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05) reduction in the radicle length of <em>S. bicolor</em> in a concentration-dependent manner throughout the period of the experiment. The concentration range of 7.81 and 250 µg/mL in HA and HAQ, produced 71.70 ± 1.12 – 98.99 ± 1.96 % cytotoxicity range against <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. HA possesses a 28.90 % improvement in cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 colon cancer upon solvent partitioning, HA exhibited the highest activity against human H460 lung cancer (IC<sub>50</sub> 20.80 ± 6.10). The most active fraction of HA produced lupeol, which showed remarkable cytotoxic effects on the human HCT116 colon cancer cell lines at low concentrations. Lupeol had antagonist influence on human tyrosine kinase (cytotoxic) and ERK2 receptors (cytostatic; MAPK signaling). Findings from this research justified the ethnomedicinal claim of <em>Hymenocardia acida</em> in the treatment of tumour-related ailments</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 279-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.027
Fitri Rachmawatı , Dewi Pramanık , Lily Ismaını , Eka Fıbrıanty , Herni Shıntıavıra , Taufiq Hidayat Rahman Sıde , Sri Rıanawatı , Muhammad Prama Yufdy , Laela Sarı , Sri Nopıtasarı , Budi Wınarto
Alocasia species, endemic ornamental plants in Indonesia, are of significant economic value due to their rarity, slow growth, and challenges in propagation. Our study investigates the in vitro propagation via direct organogenesis of Alocasia cuprea, Alocasia reversa, and Alocasia reginula, alongside bioactive metabolite analysis using GC/MS. The in vitro propagation process for these species encompasses stages including sterilization, shoot initiation, proliferation, regeneration, and acclimatization. Combining pre-sterilization techniques with sterilization methods, including rifampicin treatment (0.1 %), alcohol, and clorox, shows promise in reducing contamination rates. Various media and TDZ-BAP concentrations were tested for shoot initiation, with A. cuprea showing optimal response to the MS medium with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Shoot proliferation varied by genotype and medium, with A. cuprea exhibiting the highest proliferation on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BAP. During the shoot regeneration stage, A. reversa displayed the highest leaf and root formation, particularly on MS medium with 0.5–1 mg/L BAP, which also proved effective for A. cuprea. Acclimatization results indicated that A. cuprea had the highest plantlet survivability, especially in a mixture of sand and water hyacinth organic manure medium. Metabolite analysis identified 69 compounds revealing significant variations among roots, tubers, and leaves of in vitro plantlets and acclimatized plants. Key metabolites, such as 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, Tetrahydrofuran-2-one, and n-Hexadecanoic acid, were found in varying abundances across species and organs. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing propagation techniques and exploring the bioactive potential of Alocasia species, thereby laying a foundation for their sustainable cultivation and exploitation.
{"title":"The potential of three endemic Alocasia species in Indonesia: Insights from advancing in vitro propagation methods and comparative metabolites analysis","authors":"Fitri Rachmawatı , Dewi Pramanık , Lily Ismaını , Eka Fıbrıanty , Herni Shıntıavıra , Taufiq Hidayat Rahman Sıde , Sri Rıanawatı , Muhammad Prama Yufdy , Laela Sarı , Sri Nopıtasarı , Budi Wınarto","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Alocasia</em> species, endemic ornamental plants in Indonesia, are of significant economic value due to their rarity, slow growth, and challenges in propagation. Our study investigates the in vitro propagation via direct organogenesis of <em>Alocasia cuprea, Alocasia reversa,</em> and <em>Alocasia reginula</em>, alongside bioactive metabolite analysis using GC/MS. The in vitro propagation process for these species encompasses stages including sterilization, shoot initiation, proliferation, regeneration, and acclimatization. Combining pre-sterilization techniques with sterilization methods, including rifampicin treatment (0.1 %), alcohol, and clorox, shows promise in reducing contamination rates. Various media and TDZ-BAP concentrations were tested for shoot initiation, with <em>A. cuprea</em> showing optimal response to the MS medium with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Shoot proliferation varied by genotype and medium, with <em>A. cuprea</em> exhibiting the highest proliferation on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BAP. During the shoot regeneration stage, <em>A. reversa</em> displayed the highest leaf and root formation, particularly on MS medium with 0.5–1 mg/L BAP, which also proved effective for <em>A. cuprea</em>. Acclimatization results indicated that <em>A. cuprea</em> had the highest plantlet survivability, especially in a mixture of sand and water hyacinth organic manure medium. Metabolite analysis identified 69 compounds revealing significant variations among roots, tubers, and leaves of in vitro plantlets and acclimatized plants. Key metabolites, such as 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, Tetrahydrofuran-2-one, and n-Hexadecanoic acid, were found in varying abundances across species and organs. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing propagation techniques and exploring the bioactive potential of <em>Alocasia</em> species, thereby laying a foundation for their sustainable cultivation and exploitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 713-728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.024
Cokuraj M , Manokari M , Mohammad Faisal , Abdulrahman A. Alatar , Mahipal S. Shekhawat
This study aimed to analyze the impact of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the in vitro proliferation efficiency and micro-structural developments of the Vitex agnus-castus L. tree. Aerosil300, hydrophilic silica was used to create SiNPs suspension. It was found that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 kinetin (Kn) generated a maximum number of shoots (6.0 ± 0.58 shoots per node explants). Shifting these buds to 1.0 mg L−1 Kn and 0.15 mg L−1 Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoted shoot proliferation (14.7 ± 1.20 shoots with 5.00 ± 0.21 cm length per explant). Significant improvements in the morphology and number of shoots (21.0 ± 1.53 shoots with 7.5 ± 0.21 cm length per explant), leaf area (1.7 ± 0.17 cm length × 0.8 ± 0.15 cm width), and fresh weight (5.8 ± 0.17 g) were recorded when this media combination was enriched with 4.0 mg L−1 SiNPs, surpassing the results reported with the control and other concentrations of SiNPs. The microscopic analysis of SiNPs treated leaf and stem revealed the successful formation of tissue systems including stomata, trichomes, dermal tissues, chlorophyllous palisade and spongy parenchyma, xylem and phloem, and increased lignification in sclerenchyma within 8-weeks of incubation, leading to the subsequent development of mature vegetative shoots. The cultures from the control treatment showed thin shoots, reduced leaf area, and underdeveloped tissue systems. The shoots were rooted (100 % rooting) using half-strength MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg L−1 α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 98.3 % survival was achieved during the acclimatization of these plantlets. It is determined that incorporating a small quantity of SiNPs into the nutrient medium can increase shoot production, improve micro-morpho-anatomical features, and enhance the survival rate of plantlets of V. agnus-castus during the hardening phase.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of growth regulators and silicon nanoparticles on enhancing morpho-structural stability in Vitex agnus-castus L. plantlets","authors":"Cokuraj M , Manokari M , Mohammad Faisal , Abdulrahman A. Alatar , Mahipal S. Shekhawat","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to analyze the impact of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the <em>in vitro</em> proliferation efficiency and micro-structural developments of the <em>Vitex agnus-castus</em> L. tree. Aerosil<sup>300</sup>, hydrophilic silica was used to create SiNPs suspension. It was found that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> kinetin (Kn) generated a maximum number of shoots (6.0 ± 0.58 shoots per node explants). Shifting these buds to 1.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Kn and 0.15 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoted shoot proliferation (14.7 ± 1.20 shoots with 5.00 ± 0.21 cm length per explant). Significant improvements in the morphology and number of shoots (21.0 ± 1.53 shoots with 7.5 ± 0.21 cm length per explant), leaf area (1.7 ± 0.17 cm length × 0.8 ± 0.15 cm width), and fresh weight (5.8 ± 0.17 g) were recorded when this media combination was enriched with 4.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> SiNPs, surpassing the results reported with the control and other concentrations of SiNPs. The microscopic analysis of SiNPs treated leaf and stem revealed the successful formation of tissue systems including stomata, trichomes, dermal tissues, chlorophyllous palisade and spongy parenchyma, xylem and phloem, and increased lignification in sclerenchyma within 8-weeks of incubation, leading to the subsequent development of mature vegetative shoots. The cultures from the control treatment showed thin shoots, reduced leaf area, and underdeveloped tissue systems. The shoots were rooted (100 % rooting) using half-strength MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg L<sup>−1</sup> α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 98.3 % survival was achieved during the acclimatization of these plantlets. It is determined that incorporating a small quantity of SiNPs into the nutrient medium can increase shoot production, improve micro-morpho-anatomical features, and enhance the survival rate of plantlets of <em>V. agnus-castus</em> during the hardening phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 500-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.001
Hmoud S. Al-Debei, Jamal Y. Ayad, Ayed M. Al-Abdallat
This study investigates the effects of grafting cucumber scions '189′ and 'Jad' onto three rootstocks: 'Shintoza,' 'Shintoza Suprem,' and 'Strongtoza' with a focus on yield, yield components, fruit quality, physiological performance, vigor, and disease tolerance. Grafting significantly enhanced overall yield and yield components, including fruit number, size, and weight, compared to self-rooted plants. Fruit quality, in terms of texture, firmness, and taste, improved with grafting, and grafted plants exhibited greater uniformity in fruit size and shape. Physiologically, grafted plants demonstrated higher photosynthetic rates, improved stomatal conductance, and better water use efficiency, contributing to increased plant vigor. Among the rootstocks, 'Shintoza Suprem' often led to the most robust growth. Furthermore, grafting conferred enhanced tolerance to soil-borne diseases such as nematodes and Fusarium wilt. Despite a general increase in infection rates during the second growing season, grafted plants maintained superior disease tolerance compared to self-rooted plants. These findings underscore the benefits of grafting in cucumber cultivation, recommending its practice for improved productivity and disease management.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of three rootstock sources on cucumber growth and yield performance under soil-borne disease conditions","authors":"Hmoud S. Al-Debei, Jamal Y. Ayad, Ayed M. Al-Abdallat","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of grafting cucumber scions '189′ and 'Jad' onto three rootstocks: 'Shintoza,' 'Shintoza Suprem,' and 'Strongtoza' with a focus on yield, yield components, fruit quality, physiological performance, vigor, and disease tolerance. Grafting significantly enhanced overall yield and yield components, including fruit number, size, and weight, compared to self-rooted plants. Fruit quality, in terms of texture, firmness, and taste, improved with grafting, and grafted plants exhibited greater uniformity in fruit size and shape. Physiologically, grafted plants demonstrated higher photosynthetic rates, improved stomatal conductance, and better water use efficiency, contributing to increased plant vigor. Among the rootstocks, 'Shintoza Suprem' often led to the most robust growth. Furthermore, grafting conferred enhanced tolerance to soil-borne diseases such as nematodes and Fusarium wilt. Despite a general increase in infection rates during the second growing season, grafted plants maintained superior disease tolerance compared to self-rooted plants. These findings underscore the benefits of grafting in cucumber cultivation, recommending its practice for improved productivity and disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 160-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.026
Zeeshan Khan , Shahrukh Khan , Mansour I. Almansour , Muhammad Asad , Mohammad Javed Ansari , Hamad Khan , Ijaz Ahmad
Arsenic (As) contamination poses significant challenges to plant physiology and productivity. Rhizospheric microbes contribute to phytoremediation and can shield plants from As stress. However, there is still much to know about the tolerance mechanism of these microbes to As toxicity. Under As stress, soybean exhibited adverse physiological effects, including reduced shoot fresh weight (SFW) (-2%) and enhanced root fresh weight (RFW) (+24%), alongside compromised photosynthetic efficiency (-12%) and decreased crop yield (-35%). However, the co-applied synthetic community (SynCom) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) resulted in significant improvements, with an increase in SFW (+71%) and RFW (+35%). Furthermore, colonization improved significantly, with an increase in root colonization rising and arbuscular abundance (+57%). This co-application not only increased nutrient intake but also built a strong root system, which improved stress tolerance. Furthermore, the negative impact of As on the antioxidative response was best counteracted with the co-application of AMF and SynCom which considerably increased the response of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (+16.92%), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (-23.37%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (+54.87%) and glutathione reductase (GR) (+23.97%). Metabolically, malate, succinate, and citrate levels were altered, showing the adaptive response of soybean to As stress, which was further increased by SynCom and AMF treatments. In addition, there were notable modifications in the relative expression of metal transporter genes in both shoot and root (HMA13, HMA18, and HMA19) via combined SynCom and AMF treatments to lessen the negative impact of As-induced stress. Overall, this study demonstrates the transformational potential of co-inoculation of SynCom and AMF in improving plant resistance to heavy metal stress particularly As-induced stress, providing useful insights into long-term remediation solutions for polluted areas.
{"title":"Mycorrhizopshere bacteria alleviated arsenic toxicity by regulating organic acids, glyoxalase defense system, and metal transporters in soybean plants","authors":"Zeeshan Khan , Shahrukh Khan , Mansour I. Almansour , Muhammad Asad , Mohammad Javed Ansari , Hamad Khan , Ijaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) contamination poses significant challenges to plant physiology and productivity. Rhizospheric microbes contribute to phytoremediation and can shield plants from As stress. However, there is still much to know about the tolerance mechanism of these microbes to As toxicity. Under As stress, soybean exhibited adverse physiological effects, including reduced shoot fresh weight (SFW) (-2%) and enhanced root fresh weight (RFW) (+24%), alongside compromised photosynthetic efficiency (-12%) and decreased crop yield (-35%). However, the co-applied synthetic community (SynCom) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) resulted in significant improvements, with an increase in SFW (+71%) and RFW (+35%). Furthermore, colonization improved significantly, with an increase in root colonization rising and arbuscular abundance (+57%). This co-application not only increased nutrient intake but also built a strong root system, which improved stress tolerance. Furthermore, the negative impact of As on the antioxidative response was best counteracted with the co-application of AMF and SynCom which considerably increased the response of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (+16.92%), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (-23.37%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (+54.87%) and glutathione reductase (GR) (+23.97%). Metabolically, malate, succinate, and citrate levels were altered, showing the adaptive response of soybean to As stress, which was further increased by SynCom and AMF treatments. In addition, there were notable modifications in the relative expression of metal transporter genes in both shoot and root (<em>HMA13, HMA18,</em> and <em>HMA19</em>) via combined SynCom and AMF treatments to lessen the negative impact of As-induced stress. Overall, this study demonstrates the transformational potential of co-inoculation of SynCom and AMF in improving plant resistance to heavy metal stress particularly As-induced stress, providing useful insights into long-term remediation solutions for polluted areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 171-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.038
Asia Kiran , Awais Altaf , Muhammad Sarwar , Tahir Maqbool , Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf , Muhammad Naveed , Tariq Aziz , Metab Alharbi
Recently, research has been focused on exploring bioactive compounds from natural resources for cancer treatment and management. We investigated the possible anticancer activity of Achillea millefolium L. (A. millefolium) extracts on liver cancer (HepG2) and non-cancerous cells (BHK) as an alternative anticancer therapy. In the current research, AME (ethanolic extract of A. millefolium) extract has higher phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins content, i.e. (232.99 mgGAE/g, 168.25 mgQE/g, and 46.05 mgTAE/g), respectively, than AMH (n-hexane extract of A. millefolium) extract. The same extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity with less IC50 values of 33.64, 52.15, 68.38, and 70.71 μg/mL using 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion protocols, respectively, in comparison to another extract. GC/MS investigation of A. millefollium extracts identified a wide array of bioactive compounds. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of both extracts was determined using MTT, crystal violet, and annexin V/PI staining assays on HepG2 and BHK cell lines. AME extract showed substantially higher cytotoxicity with lower percentages of cell survival and maximal activation of apoptosis in HepG2 cells without harming BHK cells compared to untreated cells and AMH extract. After following Lipinski's guidelines, only sixteen bioactive constituents from both extracts were chosen for molecular docking against cancer-causing target proteins. In silico analysis revealed that Thiophene-2-carbonitrile, 5-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorobenzylidenamino) indicated best binding affinities of -7.4, -8.0, -8.5 and -8.0 kcal/mol against TNF-α, TGF-β R1, VEGFR2, and IL-17A, respectively, with favorable ADMET characteristics. In conclusion, the active constituent of A. millefolium might be a potential source of alternative drugs with a multitargeted approach for HCC treatment.
{"title":"Exploring the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and anticancer potential of Achillea millefolium extracts: In-vitro and in-silico investigation","authors":"Asia Kiran , Awais Altaf , Muhammad Sarwar , Tahir Maqbool , Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf , Muhammad Naveed , Tariq Aziz , Metab Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, research has been focused on exploring bioactive compounds from natural resources for cancer treatment and management. We investigated the possible anticancer activity of <em>Achillea millefolium</em> L. (<em>A. millefolium</em>) extracts on liver cancer (HepG2) and non-cancerous cells (BHK) as an alternative anticancer therapy. In the current research, AME (ethanolic extract of <em>A. millefolium</em>) extract has higher phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins content, i.e. (232.99 mgGAE/g, 168.25 mgQE/g, and 46.05 mgTAE/g), respectively, than AMH (n-hexane extract of <em>A. millefolium</em>) extract. The same extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity with less IC<sub>50</sub> values of 33.64, 52.15, 68.38, and 70.71 μg/mL using 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide<sub>,</sub> and superoxide anion protocols, respectively, in comparison to another extract. GC/MS investigation of <em>A. millefollium</em> extracts identified a wide array of bioactive compounds. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of both extracts was determined using MTT, crystal violet, and annexin V/PI staining assays on HepG2 and BHK cell lines. AME extract showed substantially higher cytotoxicity with lower percentages of cell survival and maximal activation of apoptosis in HepG2 cells without harming BHK cells compared to untreated cells and AMH extract. After following Lipinski's guidelines, only sixteen bioactive constituents from both extracts were chosen for molecular docking against cancer-causing target proteins. <em>In silico</em> analysis revealed that Thiophene-2-carbonitrile, 5-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorobenzylidenamino) indicated best binding affinities of -7.4, -8.0, -8.5 and -8.0 kcal/mol against TNF-α, TGF-β R1, VEGFR2, and IL-17A, respectively, with favorable ADMET characteristics. In conclusion, the active constituent of <em>A. millefolium</em> might be a potential source of alternative drugs with a multitargeted approach for HCC treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 684-698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in different parts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. and their associated chemical constituents. The research also explores the potential of these endophytes as alternative sources for industrially and medically significant secondary metabolites, including indole alkaloids. Among the twelve endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, roots, stems, petals, and callus of the periwinkle plant, seven are reported for the first time as endophytes associated with this species. The chemical profile of ethyl acetate extracts obtained from these fungal endophytes, analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), revealed the presence of various compounds, including fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and phenolic compounds. Notably, vinblastine and ajmalicine alkaloids—commonly found in the host plant—were detected and quantified in fungal extracts isolated exclusively from the roots of the plant, using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Rhizoctonia solani was found to accumulate vinblastine (0.222 µg.g⁻¹) and ajmalicine (0.335 µg.g⁻¹), while Fusarium solani accumulated ajmalicine (0.353 µg.g⁻¹), and Acrocalymma vagum accumulated vinblastine (0.255 µg.g⁻¹). Remarkably, this is the first report of vinblastine and ajmalicine accumulation in Acrocalymma vagum and Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, Alternaria alternata exhibited the highest total phenolic content (10.41 mg GAE.g⁻¹), and Fusarium solani showed the highest flavonoid content (0.407 mg QE.g⁻¹). The extract of Ectophoma multirostrata demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi associated with C. roseus are promising sources of biologically active metabolites with diverse therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Endophytic fungi isolated from various organs of Catharanthus roseus: Phytochemical screening and investigation of indole alkaloids","authors":"Nastaran Hemmati , Majid Azizi , Rosella Spina , François Dupire , Mohsen Saeedi , Hossein Arouei , Dominique Laurain-Mattar","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in different parts of <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> (L.) G. Don. and their associated chemical constituents. The research also explores the potential of these endophytes as alternative sources for industrially and medically significant secondary metabolites, including indole alkaloids. Among the twelve endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, roots, stems, petals, and callus of the periwinkle plant, seven are reported for the first time as endophytes associated with this species. The chemical profile of ethyl acetate extracts obtained from these fungal endophytes, analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), revealed the presence of various compounds, including fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and phenolic compounds. Notably, vinblastine and ajmalicine alkaloids—commonly found in the host plant—were detected and quantified in fungal extracts isolated exclusively from the roots of the plant, using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> was found to accumulate vinblastine (0.222 µg.g⁻¹) and ajmalicine (0.335 µg.g⁻¹), while <em>Fusarium solani</em> accumulated ajmalicine (0.353 µg.g⁻¹), and <em>Acrocalymma vagum</em> accumulated vinblastine (0.255 µg.g⁻¹). Remarkably, this is the first report of vinblastine and ajmalicine accumulation in <em>Acrocalymma vagum</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. Furthermore, <em>Alternaria alternata</em> exhibited the highest total phenolic content (10.41 mg GAE.g⁻¹), and <em>Fusarium solani</em> showed the highest flavonoid content (0.407 mg QE.g⁻¹). The extract of <em>Ectophoma multirostrata</em> demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi associated with <em>C. roseus</em> are promising sources of biologically active metabolites with diverse therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 674-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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