Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/02670844241253886
Rajalingam Prabhu, V. Kavimani, Pudhupalayam Muthukutti Gopal, Jhelai Sahadevan
This study investigates the cyclic oxidation behaviour of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system applied to Inconel 718 alloy substrates. The TBC comprises a NiCr bond coat and a YSZ top coat, applied using the air plasma spray method. Cyclic oxidation studies involve subjecting the coated samples to repeated heating and cooling cycles, with mass gain measurements taken after each cycle. Vibrational modes and surface morphology are analysed before and after oxidation. Results reveal a gradual increase in mass gain up to the 4th cycle, attributed to interface bonding and diffusion-limited growth. Thermal cycling induces stresses, leading to micro cracking and accelerated oxidation. Oxidation kinetics follows both parabolic and linear laws, with rates decreasing over cycles. Kl values consistently exceed Kp, indicating faster linear growth. The study enhances understanding of TBC behaviour under cyclic oxidation conditions, critical for improving durability in practical applications.
{"title":"Thermal barrier coating on Inconel 718: understanding cyclic oxidation kinetics","authors":"Rajalingam Prabhu, V. Kavimani, Pudhupalayam Muthukutti Gopal, Jhelai Sahadevan","doi":"10.1177/02670844241253886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241253886","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the cyclic oxidation behaviour of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system applied to Inconel 718 alloy substrates. The TBC comprises a NiCr bond coat and a YSZ top coat, applied using the air plasma spray method. Cyclic oxidation studies involve subjecting the coated samples to repeated heating and cooling cycles, with mass gain measurements taken after each cycle. Vibrational modes and surface morphology are analysed before and after oxidation. Results reveal a gradual increase in mass gain up to the 4th cycle, attributed to interface bonding and diffusion-limited growth. Thermal cycling induces stresses, leading to micro cracking and accelerated oxidation. Oxidation kinetics follows both parabolic and linear laws, with rates decreasing over cycles. Kl values consistently exceed Kp, indicating faster linear growth. The study enhances understanding of TBC behaviour under cyclic oxidation conditions, critical for improving durability in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/02670844241255338
Qian Xiang, Hengquan Liu, Min Huang
The self-healing performance of superhydrophobic coatings is an important property to enhance the durability and self-cleaning character, which has been a focus of surface modification in recent years. In this work, a simple method was proposed for preparing the superhydrophobic coatings with self-healing properties on slides using nano-SiO2, octadecyltrichlorosilane, and polydimethylsiloxane. The hydrophobic properties, morphologies, compositions, structures, stability, and self-healing properties were respectively investigated via various characterizations and tests. The results indicated that the self-healing properties of the coatings were induced by the Si-O-Si bonds through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The best self-healing property and hydrophobicity after healing were obtained when the content of polydimethylsiloxane was 35% (wt.), and the contact angle of water would arrive at 160.98° when the concentration of nano-SiO2 was 3% (wt.). The contact angle of each coating surface remained stable and thermally stable when the temperature was increased from 100 to 300 °C ( Tg), and the coatings remained stable under natural acidic and alkaline environments as well as mechanical shocks. So superhydrophobic coatings with self-healing performance have potential applications for the development of durable surfaces.
{"title":"Preparation of SiO2-polydimethylsiloxane-octadecyltrichlorosilane superhydrophobic coating and its self-healing performance","authors":"Qian Xiang, Hengquan Liu, Min Huang","doi":"10.1177/02670844241255338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241255338","url":null,"abstract":"The self-healing performance of superhydrophobic coatings is an important property to enhance the durability and self-cleaning character, which has been a focus of surface modification in recent years. In this work, a simple method was proposed for preparing the superhydrophobic coatings with self-healing properties on slides using nano-SiO2, octadecyltrichlorosilane, and polydimethylsiloxane. The hydrophobic properties, morphologies, compositions, structures, stability, and self-healing properties were respectively investigated via various characterizations and tests. The results indicated that the self-healing properties of the coatings were induced by the Si-O-Si bonds through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The best self-healing property and hydrophobicity after healing were obtained when the content of polydimethylsiloxane was 35% (wt.), and the contact angle of water would arrive at 160.98° when the concentration of nano-SiO2 was 3% (wt.). The contact angle of each coating surface remained stable and thermally stable when the temperature was increased from 100 to 300 °C ( Tg), and the coatings remained stable under natural acidic and alkaline environments as well as mechanical shocks. So superhydrophobic coatings with self-healing performance have potential applications for the development of durable surfaces.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/02670844241253964
Zhihong Dong, Zhiqiang Huang, Lu Tang, Hai Lan
In biomedical applications, various materials are used, including metals and their alloys, polymers and ceramics. Among them, titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys are widely utilised in implant materials due to their excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. However, despite these advantages, titanium is biologically inert and does not integrate well with human cells. Therefore, surface modification of titanium implants plays a crucial role in determining the rate of osseointegration and the overall success of the implants. The primary objective of this review is to provide a detailed introduction to surface modification technologies for titanium alloy implants. The aim is to enhance the biological activity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties and reduce the release of ions from the implants. By modifying the surface of titanium implants, it is possible to create a more favourable environment for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Various techniques, such as physical methods (e.g. sandblasting, acid etching) and chemical methods (e.g. surface oxidation, plasma treatment) can be employed to modify the surface properties of titanium implants. These surface modification techniques can enhance the interaction between the implant and the surrounding biological environment, promoting osseointegration and improving the long-term stability of the implant. Additionally, surface modifications can help reduce the release of potentially harmful ions from the implant, minimise bacterial adhesion and improve the overall biocompatibility of the implant. In conclusion, surface modification of titanium alloy implants is a critical aspect of biomedical engineering. By improving the biocompatibility of titanium implants, these modifications contribute to the success and longevity of implants used in hard tissue repair and reconstruction.
{"title":"Surface modification of biomedical titanium alloy for hard tissue repair and reconstruction","authors":"Zhihong Dong, Zhiqiang Huang, Lu Tang, Hai Lan","doi":"10.1177/02670844241253964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241253964","url":null,"abstract":"In biomedical applications, various materials are used, including metals and their alloys, polymers and ceramics. Among them, titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys are widely utilised in implant materials due to their excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. However, despite these advantages, titanium is biologically inert and does not integrate well with human cells. Therefore, surface modification of titanium implants plays a crucial role in determining the rate of osseointegration and the overall success of the implants. The primary objective of this review is to provide a detailed introduction to surface modification technologies for titanium alloy implants. The aim is to enhance the biological activity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties and reduce the release of ions from the implants. By modifying the surface of titanium implants, it is possible to create a more favourable environment for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Various techniques, such as physical methods (e.g. sandblasting, acid etching) and chemical methods (e.g. surface oxidation, plasma treatment) can be employed to modify the surface properties of titanium implants. These surface modification techniques can enhance the interaction between the implant and the surrounding biological environment, promoting osseointegration and improving the long-term stability of the implant. Additionally, surface modifications can help reduce the release of potentially harmful ions from the implant, minimise bacterial adhesion and improve the overall biocompatibility of the implant. In conclusion, surface modification of titanium alloy implants is a critical aspect of biomedical engineering. By improving the biocompatibility of titanium implants, these modifications contribute to the success and longevity of implants used in hard tissue repair and reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/02670844241253963
F. Rubino, David Merino-Millán, F. Tucci, P. Poza
Nickel-based coatings provide outstanding wear and erosion resistance making them particularly suitable for several applications, from aerospace and naval to automotive, energy, and electrical. Cold spray (CS) is encountering a growing interest as a promising technology to deposit thick and dense coatings for components used in energy power generation systems, such as the concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. In this article, nickel coating was deposited onto steel substrates by using a low-pressure CS. The erosion behaviour of the coating was evaluated by a solid particle impact test at two different impact angles. The coating erosion rate was 10 × 10−4 at a 60° impact angle, showing a combination of ploughing and cutting mechanisms.
{"title":"Erosion behaviour of low-pressure cold-sprayed Ni coatings for concentrating solar power receivers","authors":"F. Rubino, David Merino-Millán, F. Tucci, P. Poza","doi":"10.1177/02670844241253963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241253963","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel-based coatings provide outstanding wear and erosion resistance making them particularly suitable for several applications, from aerospace and naval to automotive, energy, and electrical. Cold spray (CS) is encountering a growing interest as a promising technology to deposit thick and dense coatings for components used in energy power generation systems, such as the concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. In this article, nickel coating was deposited onto steel substrates by using a low-pressure CS. The erosion behaviour of the coating was evaluated by a solid particle impact test at two different impact angles. The coating erosion rate was 10 × 10−4 at a 60° impact angle, showing a combination of ploughing and cutting mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1177/02670844241249992
Dongcheng Li, Tianxiang Wang, Pengcheng Zhu
During high-temperature forming and phase change heat treatment, the steel surface is susceptible to oxidation. This can negatively affect the surface quality of steel parts. The production of antioxidant coatings on the surface of steel parts is important for high-temperature precision forming and heat treatment. In this paper, the high-temperature oxidation tests of 20CrMnTi steel, copper, and 20CrMnTi electroplated with copper are conducted. The 20CrMnTi samples showed varying degrees of mass gain above 900 °C; the copper samples showed varying degrees of mass gain above 700 °C; and the process of mass gain for copper-plated 20CrMnTi followed the same trend as for copper during heating and holding. For heated samples of 20CrMnTi plated with copper, the copper coating was oxidized and residual copper was observed in the oxide layer. The distance between the residual copper and the surface of the sample is greater than between the residual copper and the junction of the plating layer and the substrate. Oxygen diffuses through internal defects in the material at a higher rate than copper oxidation. In this study, an oxygen diffusion model and an antioxidant protective layer model at high temperatures were suggested. The protective layer against oxidation recommended in this research is a dense coating consisting of single crystals or fine grains free of porosities and cracks.
{"title":"High-temperature oxidation characteristics of 20CrMnTi electroplated with copper","authors":"Dongcheng Li, Tianxiang Wang, Pengcheng Zhu","doi":"10.1177/02670844241249992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241249992","url":null,"abstract":"During high-temperature forming and phase change heat treatment, the steel surface is susceptible to oxidation. This can negatively affect the surface quality of steel parts. The production of antioxidant coatings on the surface of steel parts is important for high-temperature precision forming and heat treatment. In this paper, the high-temperature oxidation tests of 20CrMnTi steel, copper, and 20CrMnTi electroplated with copper are conducted. The 20CrMnTi samples showed varying degrees of mass gain above 900 °C; the copper samples showed varying degrees of mass gain above 700 °C; and the process of mass gain for copper-plated 20CrMnTi followed the same trend as for copper during heating and holding. For heated samples of 20CrMnTi plated with copper, the copper coating was oxidized and residual copper was observed in the oxide layer. The distance between the residual copper and the surface of the sample is greater than between the residual copper and the junction of the plating layer and the substrate. Oxygen diffuses through internal defects in the material at a higher rate than copper oxidation. In this study, an oxygen diffusion model and an antioxidant protective layer model at high temperatures were suggested. The protective layer against oxidation recommended in this research is a dense coating consisting of single crystals or fine grains free of porosities and cracks.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1177/02670844241253881
Mehdi Koushkbaghi, M. Hajian, M. A. Jabbareh, Mahsa Jamali
AISI 1045 steel is a medium-carbon steel with good strength, hardness, machinability, and weldability. However, it has poor wear and corrosion resistance. This study is an attempt to investigate the feasibility of creating a hard and wear-resistant composite layer on the surface of AISI 1045 steel using SiC particles through the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The SiC powder was mixed with sodium silicate glue and polyvinyl alcohol and then applied to the samples using the TIG welding process. The welding voltage was kept constant at 15 V, and the welding current and welding speed were varied from 85 to 95 A and ∼ 0.5 to 1.8 mm/s, respectively. The powder percentage varied between 10 and 30 wt. %. The microstructural evolutions were studied using an optical microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the microstructure of the surface-modified samples consisted of a dendritic Fe–Si matrix with carbon masses remaining from the partial dissolution of SiC particles. The effect of heat input on the microstructure was also investigated. The hardness of the surface-modified samples increased by about eight times compared to the base metal, and their wear resistance was notably improved. The results of the electrochemical corrosion tests showed an overall improvement in the corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the base metal.
AISI 1045 钢是一种中碳钢，具有良好的强度、硬度、机加工性能和可焊性。然而，它的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性较差。本研究试图探讨通过钨极惰性气体（TIG）焊接，使用 SiC 颗粒在 AISI 1045 钢表面形成坚硬耐磨复合层的可行性。将碳化硅粉末与硅酸钠胶水和聚乙烯醇混合，然后使用氩弧焊工艺将其涂在试样上。焊接电压保持在 15 V，焊接电流和焊接速度分别在 85 至 95 A 和 ∼ 0.5 至 1.8 mm/s 之间变化。粉末比例在 10 至 30 wt.使用光学显微镜、配备了能量色散光谱仪（EDS）的场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）对微观结构演变进行了研究。结果表明，表面改性样品的微观结构由树枝状的铁硅基体和部分溶解碳化硅颗粒后残留的碳块组成。此外，还研究了热输入对微观结构的影响。与基体金属相比，表面改性样品的硬度提高了约八倍，耐磨性也显著提高。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明，与基体金属相比，涂层样品的耐腐蚀性能得到了全面提高。
{"title":"Tungsten inert gas-assisted surface modification of 1045 steel with SiC particles","authors":"Mehdi Koushkbaghi, M. Hajian, M. A. Jabbareh, Mahsa Jamali","doi":"10.1177/02670844241253881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241253881","url":null,"abstract":"AISI 1045 steel is a medium-carbon steel with good strength, hardness, machinability, and weldability. However, it has poor wear and corrosion resistance. This study is an attempt to investigate the feasibility of creating a hard and wear-resistant composite layer on the surface of AISI 1045 steel using SiC particles through the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The SiC powder was mixed with sodium silicate glue and polyvinyl alcohol and then applied to the samples using the TIG welding process. The welding voltage was kept constant at 15 V, and the welding current and welding speed were varied from 85 to 95 A and ∼ 0.5 to 1.8 mm/s, respectively. The powder percentage varied between 10 and 30 wt. %. The microstructural evolutions were studied using an optical microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the microstructure of the surface-modified samples consisted of a dendritic Fe–Si matrix with carbon masses remaining from the partial dissolution of SiC particles. The effect of heat input on the microstructure was also investigated. The hardness of the surface-modified samples increased by about eight times compared to the base metal, and their wear resistance was notably improved. The results of the electrochemical corrosion tests showed an overall improvement in the corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the base metal.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-05DOI: 10.1177/02670844241252749
Sanaz Nasrollahikateb Elizee, Fatemeh Asjadi, S. A. Lajevardi
The superhydrophobic copper surfaces were fabricated by electrodeposition of copper followed by surface modification with stearic acid (SA). The electrodeposition of copper for 90 s at a voltage of 1.2 V, was identified as the optimum condition via contact angle measurement and used for further investigation. In the next step, the study explored the influence of the solution concentrations and the duration of the modification process. A 0.01 molar SA solution rendered the surface superhydrophobic after 24 h, while 0.1 and 0.25 molar solutions of SA achieved this in 10 min, with the latter exhibiting a larger contact angle(158 ± 2°), and a sliding angle of 3.5°. Fog harvesting experiments demonstrated nucleation, growth, and droplet merging on a superhydrophobic surface. The efficiency of the superhydrophobic surface was calculated to be 4.6 g/cm2. h which is approximately 50% larger than polished surface.
通过电沉积铜，然后用硬脂酸（SA）进行表面改性，制造出了超疏水铜表面。通过接触角测量，确定在 1.2 V 电压下电沉积铜 90 秒为最佳条件，并用于进一步研究。下一步，研究探讨了溶液浓度和改性过程持续时间的影响。0.01 摩尔的 SA 溶液在 24 小时后使表面具有超疏水性，而 0.1 摩尔和 0.25 摩尔的 SA 溶液在 10 分钟后就达到了超疏水性，后者表现出更大的接触角（158 ± 2°）和 3.5°的滑动角。雾气收集实验证明了超疏水表面上水滴的成核、生长和合并。经计算，超疏水表面的效率为 4.6 g/cm2.h，比抛光表面高出约 50%。
{"title":"Superhydrophobic modified electrodeposited copper surface for fog harvesting","authors":"Sanaz Nasrollahikateb Elizee, Fatemeh Asjadi, S. A. Lajevardi","doi":"10.1177/02670844241252749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241252749","url":null,"abstract":"The superhydrophobic copper surfaces were fabricated by electrodeposition of copper followed by surface modification with stearic acid (SA). The electrodeposition of copper for 90 s at a voltage of 1.2 V, was identified as the optimum condition via contact angle measurement and used for further investigation. In the next step, the study explored the influence of the solution concentrations and the duration of the modification process. A 0.01 molar SA solution rendered the surface superhydrophobic after 24 h, while 0.1 and 0.25 molar solutions of SA achieved this in 10 min, with the latter exhibiting a larger contact angle(158 ± 2°), and a sliding angle of 3.5°. Fog harvesting experiments demonstrated nucleation, growth, and droplet merging on a superhydrophobic surface. The efficiency of the superhydrophobic surface was calculated to be 4.6 g/cm2. h which is approximately 50% larger than polished surface.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/02670844241246931
Rashid Ali, Talha Faizi, S. Z. Abbas, Muhammad Imran Khan
Multilayer coatings provide an effective measure to control and optimise of residual stresses, enhance coating adhesion, fracture toughness, wear and corrosion resistance of coating system. In this study, we designed and produced bi-layer and four-layer titanium/titanium nitride magnetron sputtered coating configurations by altering the position of the interlayer. The in-plane residual stresses in different coating configurations are measured by multiple peak grazing incidence X-ray diffraction techniques. Subsequently, the effect of different compressive residual stresses on adhesion, mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance of coatings are investigated. Results show that the position of interlayer in multilayer coating configuration has a great impact on relaxation of residual stresses. The residual stresses are relieved by 26% and 46% by lowering the position of titanium interlayer from 800 nm at the top to 1000 nm and 1200 nm, respectively. The nanoindentation hardness is decreased by 11% and 13%, respectively. The wear rate of multilayer coating having interlayer position at 800 and 1000 nm from the top is ≈ 23% lower compared to bilayer however it is increased by ≈ 50% when interlayer coatings position changed to 1200 nm from the top. The interposition of interlayer in multilayer coating configurations decreased the corrosion current density by ≈ 50%. All multilayer coatings including higher residual stresses show better adhesion to the substrate compared to bilayer coatings which shows severe delamination.
{"title":"Effect of titanium interlayer configurations on residual stresses and performance of titanium/titanium nitride multilayer coatings","authors":"Rashid Ali, Talha Faizi, S. Z. Abbas, Muhammad Imran Khan","doi":"10.1177/02670844241246931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241246931","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer coatings provide an effective measure to control and optimise of residual stresses, enhance coating adhesion, fracture toughness, wear and corrosion resistance of coating system. In this study, we designed and produced bi-layer and four-layer titanium/titanium nitride magnetron sputtered coating configurations by altering the position of the interlayer. The in-plane residual stresses in different coating configurations are measured by multiple peak grazing incidence X-ray diffraction techniques. Subsequently, the effect of different compressive residual stresses on adhesion, mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance of coatings are investigated. Results show that the position of interlayer in multilayer coating configuration has a great impact on relaxation of residual stresses. The residual stresses are relieved by 26% and 46% by lowering the position of titanium interlayer from 800 nm at the top to 1000 nm and 1200 nm, respectively. The nanoindentation hardness is decreased by 11% and 13%, respectively. The wear rate of multilayer coating having interlayer position at 800 and 1000 nm from the top is ≈ 23% lower compared to bilayer however it is increased by ≈ 50% when interlayer coatings position changed to 1200 nm from the top. The interposition of interlayer in multilayer coating configurations decreased the corrosion current density by ≈ 50%. All multilayer coatings including higher residual stresses show better adhesion to the substrate compared to bilayer coatings which shows severe delamination.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1177/02670844241245797
A. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Rajak, K. Bhattacharyya
The article has provided a novel way of finding the probability of fracture ( Pf) based on modifications of some established concepts. It has also discussed ductile to brittle as well as brittle to ductile transitions in the same coating/substrate system subject to differences in crystallisation, indenter sharpness, sliding modes and dislocation kinetics. The indentation positioning and nanocrystalline features cause ambiguity in the results and need meticulous analysis. As a result of increased dislocation movement, the crystalline portions toughened in contrast to the amorphous parts, which were more brittle. The Pf, which varies and reaches a maximum of 52% in the amorphous or near-amorphous area, was calculated using the Weibull distribution. Transitions between ductility and brittleness can be seen in sliding indentations. Evidence of adhesive failure, which required better coating component inspection because it happened significantly earlier, was shown. Finite-element modelling was used to analyse the stress and provide information on dislocation motions and the impact of indenter shape on fracture. The outcomes are advantageous for the production of devices based on nano/micro-electro-mechanical systems.
{"title":"Ductile–brittle indentation fracture transitions in hard coatings","authors":"A. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Rajak, K. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1177/02670844241245797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241245797","url":null,"abstract":"The article has provided a novel way of finding the probability of fracture ( Pf) based on modifications of some established concepts. It has also discussed ductile to brittle as well as brittle to ductile transitions in the same coating/substrate system subject to differences in crystallisation, indenter sharpness, sliding modes and dislocation kinetics. The indentation positioning and nanocrystalline features cause ambiguity in the results and need meticulous analysis. As a result of increased dislocation movement, the crystalline portions toughened in contrast to the amorphous parts, which were more brittle. The Pf, which varies and reaches a maximum of 52% in the amorphous or near-amorphous area, was calculated using the Weibull distribution. Transitions between ductility and brittleness can be seen in sliding indentations. Evidence of adhesive failure, which required better coating component inspection because it happened significantly earlier, was shown. Finite-element modelling was used to analyse the stress and provide information on dislocation motions and the impact of indenter shape on fracture. The outcomes are advantageous for the production of devices based on nano/micro-electro-mechanical systems.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1177/02670844241241120
E. Dalibon, A. J. Maskavizan, S. Brühl
TiAlN and AlCrN coatings are widely used in applications that require high stress resistance. In this work, the tribological behaviour of physical vapour deposition (PVD) TiAlN and AlCrN commercial coatings deposited on AISI martensitic stainless steel is studied. Microstructure of the coatings was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanohardness was measured. Pin-on-disk and abrasive wear tests were performed. Adhesion was evaluated using Rockwell C Indentation and scratch test. The thickness of both coatings was approximately 3 µm. AlCrN lost 30 and 10 times less volume than TiAlN in pin-on-disk tests, under low and high loads, respectively. The steady friction coefficient value was also lower. This indicated that the AlCrN coating had a better performance under sliding conditions. On the other hand, the mass loss was similar for both coatings under abrasive wear, even under severe conditions. In the scratch tests, TiAlN coating failed at 60 N load and AlCrN coating at 70 N, the latter showing a higher value of critical load. The deformation was similar for both coatings as it could be observed in the profiles obtained by a mechanical profilometer at 60 N, however, AlCrN did not show film delamination. This enhanced performance can be attributed to higher fracture toughness and load carrying capacity, which not only improved the mechanical properties of the coating but also its adhesion to the stainless-steel substrate.
TiAlN 和 AlCrN 涂层广泛应用于需要高抗应力的应用领域。本研究对沉积在 AISI 马氏体不锈钢上的物理气相沉积 (PVD) TiAlN 和 AlCrN 商业涂层的摩擦学行为进行了研究。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、光学显微镜 (OM) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 分析了涂层的微观结构，并测量了纳米硬度。进行了针盘磨损和磨料磨损试验。使用洛氏 C 压痕和划痕测试评估了附着力。两种涂层的厚度均约为 3 微米。在低负荷和高负荷的针盘测试中，AlCrN 的体积损失分别比 TiAlN 少 30 倍和 10 倍。稳定摩擦系数值也更低。这表明 AlCrN 涂层在滑动条件下具有更好的性能。另一方面，即使在恶劣条件下，两种涂层在磨料磨损下的质量损失也相似。在划痕测试中，TiAlN 涂层在 60 N 负荷下失效，AlCrN 涂层在 70 N 负荷下失效，后者显示出更高的临界负荷值。从机械轮廓仪在 60 N 负载下获得的轮廓中可以观察到，两种涂层的变形情况相似，但 AlCrN 没有出现薄膜脱层现象。性能的提高可归因于更高的断裂韧性和承载能力，这不仅改善了涂层的机械性能，还提高了其与不锈钢基材的附着力。
{"title":"Tribological behaviour of TiAlN and AlCrN coatings on stainless steel","authors":"E. Dalibon, A. J. Maskavizan, S. Brühl","doi":"10.1177/02670844241241120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02670844241241120","url":null,"abstract":"TiAlN and AlCrN coatings are widely used in applications that require high stress resistance. In this work, the tribological behaviour of physical vapour deposition (PVD) TiAlN and AlCrN commercial coatings deposited on AISI martensitic stainless steel is studied. Microstructure of the coatings was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanohardness was measured. Pin-on-disk and abrasive wear tests were performed. Adhesion was evaluated using Rockwell C Indentation and scratch test. The thickness of both coatings was approximately 3 µm. AlCrN lost 30 and 10 times less volume than TiAlN in pin-on-disk tests, under low and high loads, respectively. The steady friction coefficient value was also lower. This indicated that the AlCrN coating had a better performance under sliding conditions. On the other hand, the mass loss was similar for both coatings under abrasive wear, even under severe conditions. In the scratch tests, TiAlN coating failed at 60 N load and AlCrN coating at 70 N, the latter showing a higher value of critical load. The deformation was similar for both coatings as it could be observed in the profiles obtained by a mechanical profilometer at 60 N, however, AlCrN did not show film delamination. This enhanced performance can be attributed to higher fracture toughness and load carrying capacity, which not only improved the mechanical properties of the coating but also its adhesion to the stainless-steel substrate.","PeriodicalId":21995,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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