Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131879
D. Boivin , P. Birnal , P. Brault , F. Brulé-Morabito , A. Caillard , E. Bourhis , P. Andreazza , B. Aspe , T. Vaubois , E. Menou , M. Cavarroc-Weimer , A.L. Thomann
In this work, thin films of CuZn and CuTiZn alloys were synthesized by magnetron sputter deposition. Their antibacterial activity on the proliferation of Escherichia coli was investigated after incubation during 24 h at 37.0 °C by measuring the bacteria solution absorbance at 600 nm. Among tests usually employed in laboratories to evaluate the antibacterial properties of coatings, this one specially characterizes the action of chemical elements dissolved in the solution, i.e. the so-called release killing mechanism. The obtained results are discussed depending on the film chemical composition (in depth and at the surface), microstructure and crystallinity. A good antibacterial activity was found for pure Zn and CuZn films, whereas a rapid degradation was observed as soon as Ti is added, which coincides with the formation of a dense amorphous phase. At close chemical compositions, formation of this stable metallic glass phase seems to be detrimental to the ion release mechanism. This work highlighted that the microstructural and crystalline properties (more or less porous polycrystalline film/dense, defect free metallic glass) significantly influence the antibacterial properties of such alloy thin films.
{"title":"Contribution to the understanding of antibacterial properties of CuTiZn thin film: From crystalline alloy to metallic glass","authors":"D. Boivin , P. Birnal , P. Brault , F. Brulé-Morabito , A. Caillard , E. Bourhis , P. Andreazza , B. Aspe , T. Vaubois , E. Menou , M. Cavarroc-Weimer , A.L. Thomann","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, thin films of CuZn and CuTiZn alloys were synthesized by magnetron sputter deposition. Their antibacterial activity on the proliferation of <em>Escherichia coli</em> was investigated after incubation during 24 h at 37.0 °C by measuring the bacteria solution absorbance at 600 nm. Among tests usually employed in laboratories to evaluate the antibacterial properties of coatings, this one specially characterizes the action of chemical elements dissolved in the solution, i.e. the so-called release killing mechanism. The obtained results are discussed depending on the film chemical composition (in depth and at the surface), microstructure and crystallinity. A good antibacterial activity was found for pure Zn and CuZn films, whereas a rapid degradation was observed as soon as Ti is added, which coincides with the formation of a dense amorphous phase. At close chemical compositions, formation of this stable metallic glass phase seems to be detrimental to the ion release mechanism. This work highlighted that the microstructural and crystalline properties (more or less porous polycrystalline film/dense, defect free metallic glass) significantly influence the antibacterial properties of such alloy thin films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131878
Dae-Hyung Cho , Tae-Ha Hwang , Yong-Duck Chung , So-Young Lim , Woo-Jung Lee
Bi2Se3 is recognized as one of the most promising topological insulators, with substantial potential for industrial applications, particularly as a qubit in quantum computing. Realizing large-area growth using cost-effective methods is crucial for practical applications. This study presents an innovative approach for fabricating high-quality large-area Bi2Se3 thin films by combining Bi thermal evaporation with cracker selenization, which inherently supports scalability. The amorphous precursor—a Bi film capped with a Se layer—reacts with highly reactive cracked Se, forming crystalline Bi2Se3 thin films with layered structures. Prolonged selenization enhances the crystallinity of the Bi2Se3 thin films and significantly reduces their oxygen content by effectively substituting the O atoms with Se atoms. Thicker precursors require extended selenization to improve their crystallinity and are more susceptible to stress. Electrical transport measurements of Bi2Se3 films formed via selenization for 8 h reveal a long phase coherence length of >375 nm and a single surface state with a spin texture, which are unique properties of topological insulators. Uniform physical and optical properties are achieved across a substrate with a large 4-in diameter under optimized conditions. This novel method exhibits great potential for the industrial fabrication of high-quality large-area Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin films.
{"title":"Two-step large-area synthesis of Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin films via bismuth evaporation and selenization","authors":"Dae-Hyung Cho , Tae-Ha Hwang , Yong-Duck Chung , So-Young Lim , Woo-Jung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> is recognized as one of the most promising topological insulators, with substantial potential for industrial applications, particularly as a qubit in quantum computing. Realizing large-area growth using cost-effective methods is crucial for practical applications. This study presents an innovative approach for fabricating high-quality large-area Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> thin films by combining Bi thermal evaporation with cracker selenization, which inherently supports scalability. The amorphous precursor—a Bi film capped with a Se layer—reacts with highly reactive cracked Se, forming crystalline Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> thin films with layered structures. Prolonged selenization enhances the crystallinity of the Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> thin films and significantly reduces their oxygen content by effectively substituting the O atoms with Se atoms. Thicker precursors require extended selenization to improve their crystallinity and are more susceptible to stress. Electrical transport measurements of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> films formed via selenization for 8 h reveal a long phase coherence length of >375 nm and a single surface state with a spin texture, which are unique properties of topological insulators. Uniform physical and optical properties are achieved across a substrate with a large 4-in diameter under optimized conditions. This novel method exhibits great potential for the industrial fabrication of high-quality large-area Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> topological insulator thin films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131796
Min Zhang , Xining Ma , Siyang Zhang , Liyan Hou , Kwang Ho Kim
Wear resistant and friction-reducing Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coatings were fabricated in-situ on 2A50 aluminum alloy substrate using one-step plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate electrolyte solution with MoS2 nanoparticle addition. The effect of MoS2 incorporation on microstructure and wear resistance of the obtained ceramic coatings was investigated by regulating the concentration of MoS2 nanoparticle. Phase structure, microstructure, composition and wear resistance of the ceramic coatings were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, profilometer and ball-on-disc friction and wear tester. The results show that the anodic voltage of micro-arc discharge stage increased with the increasing of MoS2 concentration and the prepared ceramic coatings were mainly composed of α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, MoS2, and mullite phases. The EDS mapping results show Mo and S elements were evenly distributed in the ceramic coatings indicating the formation of Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coatings. Friction performance evaluation shows that the ceramic coatings obtained at the MoS2 nanoparticle concentration of 4 g/L exhibit the best wear resistance and antifriction property. During the friction and wear test, the protective lubricant film formed between ceramic layer and grinding parts is the largest and the average friction coefficient is the lowest, as low as 0.1. The wear rate was the lowest (about 5.28 × 10−4 cm3·N−1·m−1). It can be concluded that MoS2 can play a good antifriction and lubrication effect in ceramic layer, optimize the microstructure of ceramic layer, and improve the wear resistance of ceramic layer.
{"title":"One-step fabrication of wear resistant and friction-reducing Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coatings on 2A50 aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation with MoS2 nanoparticle additive","authors":"Min Zhang , Xining Ma , Siyang Zhang , Liyan Hou , Kwang Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear resistant and friction-reducing Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite coatings were fabricated in-situ on 2A50 aluminum alloy substrate using one-step plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate electrolyte solution with MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle addition. The effect of MoS<sub>2</sub> incorporation on microstructure and wear resistance of the obtained ceramic coatings was investigated by regulating the concentration of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle. Phase structure, microstructure, composition and wear resistance of the ceramic coatings were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, profilometer and ball-on-disc friction and wear tester. The results show that the anodic voltage of micro-arc discharge stage increased with the increasing of MoS<sub>2</sub> concentration and the prepared ceramic coatings were mainly composed of α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>, and mullite phases. The EDS mapping results show Mo and S elements were evenly distributed in the ceramic coatings indicating the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite coatings. Friction performance evaluation shows that the ceramic coatings obtained at the MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle concentration of 4 g/L exhibit the best wear resistance and antifriction property. During the friction and wear test, the protective lubricant film formed between ceramic layer and grinding parts is the largest and the average friction coefficient is the lowest, as low as 0.1. The wear rate was the lowest (about 5.28 × 10<sup>−4</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>). It can be concluded that MoS<sub>2</sub> can play a good antifriction and lubrication effect in ceramic layer, optimize the microstructure of ceramic layer, and improve the wear resistance of ceramic layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791
Mei Qiao , Tiejun Wang , Yong Liu , Guofeng Liu , Ran Jia , Wanling Cui , Xiaoxin Wang , Zhenxing Wang , Xin Li , Shicai Xu
A “well+barrier”-type, single-mode optical waveguide structure was created in a Nd:YLiF4 (Nd:YLF) crystal through H-ion irradiation at an energy level of 300 keV and a fluence of 5.6 × 1016 ions/cm2. The electronic energy loss (Se) and nuclear energy loss (Sn) induced by inelastic and elastic collisions, respectively, were simulated using the SRIM 2013 software. The cross-sectional image of the Nd:YLF crystal after H-ion irradiation was captured using a microscope. The prism coupling and end-face coupling methods were utilized to capture the effective refractive index of waveguide modes and near-field intensity distributions. The spectral characteristics of the Nd:YLF crystal were examined after H-ion irradiation based on absorption spectra and Raman spectra. This study is of considerable significance for the advancement of integrated optical devices utilizing Nd:YLF crystals.
{"title":"Optical properties in well and barrier single-mode Nd:YLiF4 waveguides formed under 300 keV H-ion irradiation","authors":"Mei Qiao , Tiejun Wang , Yong Liu , Guofeng Liu , Ran Jia , Wanling Cui , Xiaoxin Wang , Zhenxing Wang , Xin Li , Shicai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A “well+barrier”-type, single-mode optical waveguide structure was created in a Nd:YLiF<sub>4</sub> (Nd:YLF) crystal through H-ion irradiation at an energy level of 300 keV and a fluence of 5.6 × 10<sup>16</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. The electronic energy loss (<em>S</em><sub><em>e</em></sub>) and nuclear energy loss (<em>S</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>) induced by inelastic and elastic collisions, respectively, were simulated using the SRIM 2013 software. The cross-sectional image of the Nd:YLF crystal after H-ion irradiation was captured using a microscope. The prism coupling and end-face coupling methods were utilized to capture the effective refractive index of waveguide modes and near-field intensity distributions. The spectral characteristics of the Nd:YLF crystal were examined after H-ion irradiation based on absorption spectra and Raman spectra. This study is of considerable significance for the advancement of integrated optical devices utilizing Nd:YLF crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131790
Xiaoyan Liang , Xuan Zhu , Jijun Zhang , Chen Xie , Wenxuan Yang , Bo Zhang , Linjun Wang , Jian Huang , Jiahua Min
The interface states of TeO2/CdZnTe affects the capacitance voltage characteristics of metal oxide semiconductor (MIS) structured CdZnTe devices. Based on numerical simulations, the interface states exhibit a capacitance hump in the depletion region of the CV curve, which is influenced by substrate doping concentration, frequency, interface state density, and energy level position. According to microstructure and component analysis by high resolution transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (HRTEM-EDS), MIS-CdZnTe devices with TeO2 passivation layer of 142–173 nm and limited oxygen diffusion region as interface layers were prepared by NH4F/H2O2 passivation and CMP/NaClO oxidation, respectively, and then used for experimental capacitance characteristic measurement. The results show that the hump capacitance of MIS-CdZnTe prepared by passivation gradually decreases with increasing frequency, consistent with the simulation results, but presents relatively gentle due to the actual interface states with multiple energy levels. Moreover, the influence mechanism of interface traps on CV curve is analyzed using band plots. In addition, the interface state density of MIS-CdZnTe structure is calculated using conductance method, which indicates that the interface state density of MIS- CdZnTe structure prepared by CMP/NaClO method is less than 1/3 that of passivation method (2.11 × 1010 cm−2 eV−1), presenting no obvious hump capacitance was observed in its CV curves at low frequencies. Therefore, passivation forms an uneven thickness oxide interface layer between CdZnTe and TeO2, resulting in a higher density of interface states. While CMP/NaClO treatment forms a limited oxygen diffusion zone and achieves a smooth and dense interface, which can reduce the interface recombination rate, leading to a smaller leakage current (0.067 nA/mm2 @ 100 V) for MIS-CdZnTe device, and improving spectral performance of the energy resolution from 11.4 % to 7.7 %.
{"title":"Effect of interface states on capacitance-voltage characteristics of CdZnTe crystals after surface oxidation","authors":"Xiaoyan Liang , Xuan Zhu , Jijun Zhang , Chen Xie , Wenxuan Yang , Bo Zhang , Linjun Wang , Jian Huang , Jiahua Min","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interface states of TeO<sub>2</sub>/CdZnTe affects the capacitance voltage characteristics of metal oxide semiconductor (MIS) structured CdZnTe devices. Based on numerical simulations, the interface states exhibit a capacitance hump in the depletion region of the C<img>V curve, which is influenced by substrate doping concentration, frequency, interface state density, and energy level position. According to microstructure and component analysis by high resolution transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (HRTEM-EDS), MIS-CdZnTe devices with TeO<sub>2</sub> passivation layer of 142–173 nm and limited oxygen diffusion region as interface layers were prepared by NH<sub>4</sub>F/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> passivation and CMP/NaClO oxidation, respectively, and then used for experimental capacitance characteristic measurement. The results show that the hump capacitance of MIS-CdZnTe prepared by passivation gradually decreases with increasing frequency, consistent with the simulation results, but presents relatively gentle due to the actual interface states with multiple energy levels. Moreover, the influence mechanism of interface traps on C<img>V curve is analyzed using band plots. In addition, the interface state density of MIS-CdZnTe structure is calculated using conductance method, which indicates that the interface state density of MIS- CdZnTe structure prepared by CMP/NaClO method is less than 1/3 that of passivation method (2.11 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> eV<sup>−1</sup>), presenting no obvious hump capacitance was observed in its C<img>V curves at low frequencies. Therefore, passivation forms an uneven thickness oxide interface layer between CdZnTe and TeO<sub>2</sub>, resulting in a higher density of interface states. While CMP/NaClO treatment forms a limited oxygen diffusion zone and achieves a smooth and dense interface, which can reduce the interface recombination rate, leading to a smaller leakage current (0.067 nA/mm<sup>2</sup> @ 100 V) for MIS-CdZnTe device, and improving spectral performance of the energy resolution from 11.4 % to 7.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131776
Meng Cao , Zexin Wang , Weifan He , Zhenzhao Zhang , Qingzhi Hu , Liying Sun , Jian Huang , Linjun Wang
CdTe has a wide range of applications in nuclear radiation detectors. However, it will be seriously damaged by irradiation in space and easily lead to device failure. This article primarily focuses on using two software packages in SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) to simulate and study the irradiation damage of CdTe materials. The penetration abilities of irradiated H ions, He ions, and Ar ions inside CdTe crystals were studied firstly. And H ions were selected because of its irradiation damage was distributed wholely inside CdTe crystals. Then, the ion irradiation depth, ion distribution position, and vacancy generation under various energy and dose of H ions were studied. And 241Am energy spectrum responses and charge induction efficiency (CIE) of CdTe detectors influenced by H ion irradiation were investigated. The research results are contributive to improve the application of CdTe detectors in the filed of nuclear radiation detection.
{"title":"Studies of H ions irradiation damage of CdTe crystal detector","authors":"Meng Cao , Zexin Wang , Weifan He , Zhenzhao Zhang , Qingzhi Hu , Liying Sun , Jian Huang , Linjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CdTe has a wide range of applications in nuclear radiation detectors. However, it will be seriously damaged by irradiation in space and easily lead to device failure. This article primarily focuses on using two software packages in SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) to simulate and study the irradiation damage of CdTe materials. The penetration abilities of irradiated H ions, He ions, and Ar ions inside CdTe crystals were studied firstly. And H ions were selected because of its irradiation damage was distributed wholely inside CdTe crystals. Then, the ion irradiation depth, ion distribution position, and vacancy generation under various energy and dose of H ions were studied. And <sup>241</sup>Am energy spectrum responses and charge induction efficiency (CIE) of CdTe detectors influenced by H ion irradiation were investigated. The research results are contributive to improve the application of CdTe detectors in the filed of nuclear radiation detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131776"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131730
Virupakshappa Lakkannavar , K.B. Yogesha , C. Durga Prasad , Amit Tiwari , K. Vanitha , Piyush Kumar Soni
In this work, plasma-sprayed coatings at high temperatures are examined for microstructure, corrosion, and erosion behavior. Utilized as a feedstock material for plasma spraying, the coatings were composed of a blend of Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y, Cr3C2 h-BN, and Mo in varying weight proportions. As the substrate material for coating, ASTM A213, T22 boiler steel was employed. In a liquid salt environment with Na2SO4–60%V2O5, thermocyclic hot corrosion studies were conducted for 50 cycles at 700 °C on both bare and coated steels. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the hot corrosion kinetics, and the erosion properties of the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr3C2/h-BN/Mo composite coating that was plasma-sprayed onto T22 boiler steel alloy were investigated. An air jet erosion tester was used for this assessment at three different temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C) with impingement angles of 30° and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. Microhardness and microstructure analyses were performed on the coated samples. For characterization, this investigation included energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the study showed that, in comparison to the uncoated substrate, the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr3C2/h-BN/Mo coated substrates exhibited 89 % higher resistance to hot corrosion and, at a 90° impact angle, the coating exhibited 55 % higher erosion resistance than the uncoated substrate. In contrast to the uncoated steels, the coated substrate had lower parabolic rate constant values and adhered to the parabolic rate law of oxidation. Because of the high stability of molybdenum and chromium carbides as well as the production of a protective oxide layer of nickel, chromium, B2O3, and MoO2 oxide at high temperatures, there is an enhanced resistance to erosion and corrosion.
{"title":"Evaluation of mechanical, metallurgical, and hot corrosion-erosion behavior of plasma sprayed Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/30 %Cr3C2 /10 %h-BN/10 %Mo composite coating","authors":"Virupakshappa Lakkannavar , K.B. Yogesha , C. Durga Prasad , Amit Tiwari , K. Vanitha , Piyush Kumar Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, plasma-sprayed coatings at high temperatures are examined for microstructure, corrosion, and erosion behavior. Utilized as a feedstock material for plasma spraying, the coatings were composed of a blend of Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y, Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> h-BN, and Mo in varying weight proportions. As the substrate material for coating, ASTM A213, T22 boiler steel was employed. In a liquid salt environment with Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–60%V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, thermocyclic hot corrosion studies were conducted for 50 cycles at 700 °C on both bare and coated steels. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the hot corrosion kinetics, and the erosion properties of the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/h-BN/Mo composite coating that was plasma-sprayed onto T22 boiler steel alloy were investigated. An air jet erosion tester was used for this assessment at three different temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C) with impingement angles of 30° and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. Microhardness and microstructure analyses were performed on the coated samples. For characterization, this investigation included energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the study showed that, in comparison to the uncoated substrate, the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/h-BN/Mo coated substrates exhibited 89 % higher resistance to hot corrosion and, at a 90° impact angle, the coating exhibited 55 % higher erosion resistance than the uncoated substrate. In contrast to the uncoated steels, the coated substrate had lower parabolic rate constant values and adhered to the parabolic rate law of oxidation. Because of the high stability of molybdenum and chromium carbides as well as the production of a protective oxide layer of nickel, chromium, B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and MoO<sub>2</sub> oxide at high temperatures, there is an enhanced resistance to erosion and corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131772
Zhao Zhao , Matteo Perini , Massimo Pellizzari
Steel/copper alloy multi-material structures fabricated via metal additive manufacturing hold significant promise for applications such as molding and tooling. However, the formation of a steel/copper alloy interface is highly susceptible to solidification cracking. In this study, AISI H13 cladding was deposited on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates using Laser-Directed Energy Deposition. A commercial pure Ni buffer was employed to mitigate cracking, as evidenced by the crack-free Ni-buffered specimens. The effectiveness of Ni in suppressing cracking can be attributed to two key factors: (i) establishing a chemical composition gradient from copper‑beryllium to H13, thereby minimizing solidification cracking susceptibility across the entire composition range, and (ii) reducing residual stress caused by the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between H13 and copper‑beryllium. The solidification cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni ternary system was qualitatively assessed by calculating key solidification characteristic values, including the solidification temperature range and the amount of terminal liquid, using Scheil's model. Easton's solidification cracking model was validated as a reliable tool for quantitatively evaluating cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni system. Both approaches indicated that introducing a Ni buffer creates a path with low cracking susceptibility. The as-deposited H13 exhibited high microhardness (580–690 HV) compared to the copper‑beryllium alloy (400 HV), significantly enhancing the load-bearing capability. While softer materials such as in-situ tempered martensite, Ni buffer, and heat-affected zone negatively impact the load-bearing capacity, this can be restored by increasing the number of H13 layers. Based on the typical stress levels in injection molding dies, a 3 to 5 mm thick H13 cladding is deemed sufficient to protect mold surfaces made of copper alloys.
{"title":"Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of AISI H13 on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates with Ni buffer","authors":"Zhao Zhao , Matteo Perini , Massimo Pellizzari","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel/copper alloy multi-material structures fabricated via metal additive manufacturing hold significant promise for applications such as molding and tooling. However, the formation of a steel/copper alloy interface is highly susceptible to solidification cracking. In this study, AISI H13 cladding was deposited on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates using Laser-Directed Energy Deposition. A commercial pure Ni buffer was employed to mitigate cracking, as evidenced by the crack-free Ni-buffered specimens. The effectiveness of Ni in suppressing cracking can be attributed to two key factors: (i) establishing a chemical composition gradient from copper‑beryllium to H13, thereby minimizing solidification cracking susceptibility across the entire composition range, and (ii) reducing residual stress caused by the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between H13 and copper‑beryllium. The solidification cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni ternary system was qualitatively assessed by calculating key solidification characteristic values, including the solidification temperature range and the amount of terminal liquid, using Scheil's model. Easton's solidification cracking model was validated as a reliable tool for quantitatively evaluating cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni system. Both approaches indicated that introducing a Ni buffer creates a path with low cracking susceptibility. The as-deposited H13 exhibited high microhardness (580–690 HV) compared to the copper‑beryllium alloy (400 HV), significantly enhancing the load-bearing capability. While softer materials such as in-situ tempered martensite, Ni buffer, and heat-affected zone negatively impact the load-bearing capacity, this can be restored by increasing the number of H13 layers. Based on the typical stress levels in injection molding dies, a 3 to 5 mm thick H13 cladding is deemed sufficient to protect mold surfaces made of copper alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131760
Wenxiu Dong , Jieyan Yuan , Jingbo Duan , Xiaoye Hu , Xian Dang , Kewei Li , Xinyang Li , Zhulin Huang , Yue Li
In this work, Yb2SiO5 coating was plasma sprayed, and the phase evolutions (such as recrystallization and isostructural monosilicate transformation) as well as the microstructural modification in this as-sprayed amorphous coating has been explored during thermal aging process. Results show that a pre-service heat treatment at temperatures ≥1200 °C is necessary to complete the transformations and to recover the mechanical and thermophysical properties of Yb2SiO5 coating. Furthermore, the water vapor corrosion behaviors of as-sprayed and heat-treated Yb2SiO5 coatings were evaluated at 1300 °C for 50–200 h. The Yb2O3 phase in coating preferably volatilizes, leaving a relatively dense reacted layer composed of Yb2SiO5 on the surface of all corroded Yb2SiO5 coatings. However, it is found although promoting crystallization and performance recovery of Yb2SiO5 coating, heat treatment exacerbates the steam corrosion to some extent by facilitating water vapor penetration along the enlarged and widened vertical microcracks.
{"title":"Effects of pre-service heat treatments on microstructure and properties of atmospheric-plasma-sprayed Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coating","authors":"Wenxiu Dong , Jieyan Yuan , Jingbo Duan , Xiaoye Hu , Xian Dang , Kewei Li , Xinyang Li , Zhulin Huang , Yue Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Yb<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coating was plasma sprayed, and the phase evolutions (such as recrystallization and isostructural monosilicate transformation) as well as the microstructural modification in this as-sprayed amorphous coating has been explored during thermal aging process. Results show that a pre-service heat treatment at temperatures ≥1200 °C is necessary to complete the transformations and to recover the mechanical and thermophysical properties of Yb<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coating. Furthermore, the water vapor corrosion behaviors of as-sprayed and heat-treated Yb<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coatings were evaluated at 1300 °C for 50–200 h. The Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase in coating preferably volatilizes, leaving a relatively dense reacted layer composed of Yb<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> on the surface of all corroded Yb<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coatings. However, it is found although promoting crystallization and performance recovery of Yb<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coating, heat treatment exacerbates the steam corrosion to some extent by facilitating water vapor penetration along the enlarged and widened vertical microcracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131721
Fan Li , Xi Jin , Xuejiao Wang , Huijun Yang , Junwei Qiao
Wear is one of the main ways of energy consumption in manufacturing industry. Improving the surface properties of the alloy can effectively improve this consumption. In this study, hot-rolled Fe40Mn20Cr20Ni20 HEA with FCC structure was aluminized by pack cementation method to form a multi-layer gradient coating with aluminized layer of 52 μm and interdiffusion layer of 21 μm. The microstructure, mechanical properties, growth kinetics and high temperature friction properties of the aluminized layer were analyzed. The hardness of aluminized HEA is higher than that of hot-rolled HEA, and the wear rate is very low at room temperature. With the increase of the temperature, the COF of hot-rolled HEA decreases gradually, yet the COF of aluminized HEA increases first and then decreases. At different temperatures, the wear mechanism of hot-rolled HEA is mainly adhesive wear, oxidation wear and abrasive wear. The wear mechanism of aluminized HEA is mainly abrasive wear, delamination wear and adhesive wear.
{"title":"High-temperature tribological properties of Fe40Mn20Cr20Ni20 high-entropy alloys with composition gradient coating after solid aluminizing","authors":"Fan Li , Xi Jin , Xuejiao Wang , Huijun Yang , Junwei Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear is one of the main ways of energy consumption in manufacturing industry. Improving the surface properties of the alloy can effectively improve this consumption. In this study, hot-rolled Fe<sub>40</sub>Mn<sub>20</sub>Cr<sub>20</sub>Ni<sub>20</sub> HEA with FCC structure was aluminized by pack cementation method to form a multi-layer gradient coating with aluminized layer of 52 μm and interdiffusion layer of 21 μm. The microstructure, mechanical properties, growth kinetics and high temperature friction properties of the aluminized layer were analyzed. The hardness of aluminized HEA is higher than that of hot-rolled HEA, and the wear rate is very low at room temperature. With the increase of the temperature, the COF of hot-rolled HEA decreases gradually, yet the COF of aluminized HEA increases first and then decreases. At different temperatures, the wear mechanism of hot-rolled HEA is mainly adhesive wear, oxidation wear and abrasive wear. The wear mechanism of aluminized HEA is mainly abrasive wear, delamination wear and adhesive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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