Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133156
Zhenqiang Wu , Fengze Dai , Shu Huang , Jiale Xu , Kun Huo
This paper demonstrates the controlled modulation of surface micro-nano structures and wettability of 316 stainless steel mesh via a laser-phosphating hybrid treatment. The results demonstrate that under nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation at a higher scanning speed, partial wire fusion occurs on the mesh surface, accompanied by the formation of micro-nano features such as pits. Subsequent phosphating leads to the in-situ growth of a lamellar stacked structure, endowing the surface with superhydrophobicity (WCA >150°, SA <10°) and self-cleaning capability. When the laser scanning speed is reduced, structures including micropillars are formed. After phosphating, the resulting groove and pore architectures significantly increase the specific surface area, enabling superhydrophilicity (WCA <10°) and underwater superoleophobicity (UOCA >150°), with an oil-water separation efficiency exceeding 95 % and a separation flux exceeding 2280 L·m−2·h−1. The hybrid treatment imparts excellent corrosion resistance and long-term durability to the 316 stainless steel mesh.
{"title":"Study on the formation mechanism and wettability of micro-nano structures fabricated by laser-phosphating hybrid treatment on 316 stainless steel mesh","authors":"Zhenqiang Wu , Fengze Dai , Shu Huang , Jiale Xu , Kun Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper demonstrates the controlled modulation of surface micro-nano structures and wettability of 316 stainless steel mesh via a laser-phosphating hybrid treatment. The results demonstrate that under nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation at a higher scanning speed, partial wire fusion occurs on the mesh surface, accompanied by the formation of micro-nano features such as pits. Subsequent phosphating leads to the in-situ growth of a lamellar stacked structure, endowing the surface with superhydrophobicity (WCA >150°, SA <10°) and self-cleaning capability. When the laser scanning speed is reduced, structures including micropillars are formed. After phosphating, the resulting groove and pore architectures significantly increase the specific surface area, enabling superhydrophilicity (WCA <10°) and underwater superoleophobicity (UOCA >150°), with an oil-water separation efficiency exceeding 95 % and a separation flux exceeding 2280 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>. The hybrid treatment imparts excellent corrosion resistance and long-term durability to the 316 stainless steel mesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133154
Zekun Li , Peng Wang , Guozheng Ma , Haidou Wang , Da Zeng , Yiliang Gan , Junhong Jia
Ceramic/metal composite coating that integrate superior electrical conductivity, minimal friction coefficients and exceptional wear resistance hold significant importance in current-carrying sliding contact system. In this study, the TiO2-x/Cu composite coating is prepared by one-step reaction using plasma spraying, and then carbon microspheres are synthesized in situ within the coating defects through hydrothermal reaction at different temperatures, fabricating the TiO2-x/Cu/C composite coating. Results show that higher hydrothermal temperature improves the graphitization degree of carbon microspheres, and the morphology changes from aggregation to a larger spherical shape as the temperature is elevated from 160 °C to 200 °C, whereas the size of carbon microspheres decreases and severe aggregation occurs at 220 °C. Although the microhardness of the TiO2-x/Cu/C composite coating decreases owing to the increase in surface structural defects, it increases with increasing temperature. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the TiO2-x/Cu/C composite coating is improved by a factor of ten compared to the TiO2-x/Cu coating. Relatively speaking, the TiO2-x/Cu/C composite coating exhibits optimal friction reduction and wear resistance at 200 °C, with the friction coefficient and wear rate reaching their minimum observed level. At a lower temperature of 160 °C under dry sliding condition, the composite coating is susceptible to severe adhesive wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear simultaneously, with wear intensifying under the action of electrical current. Excitingly, a synergistic improvement in friction and wear resistance is observed for the composite coating at higher temperatures (notably 180 °C and 200 °C), regardless of dry sliding or electrical current application.
{"title":"Study on the microstructure and current-carrying frictional behaviors of reactively synthesized TiO2-x/Cu/C composite coating","authors":"Zekun Li , Peng Wang , Guozheng Ma , Haidou Wang , Da Zeng , Yiliang Gan , Junhong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic/metal composite coating that integrate superior electrical conductivity, minimal friction coefficients and exceptional wear resistance hold significant importance in current-carrying sliding contact system. In this study, the TiO<sub>2-x</sub>/Cu composite coating is prepared by one-step reaction using plasma spraying, and then carbon microspheres are synthesized in situ within the coating defects through hydrothermal reaction at different temperatures, fabricating the TiO<sub>2-x</sub>/Cu/C composite coating. Results show that higher hydrothermal temperature improves the graphitization degree of carbon microspheres, and the morphology changes from aggregation to a larger spherical shape as the temperature is elevated from 160 °C to 200 °C, whereas the size of carbon microspheres decreases and severe aggregation occurs at 220 °C. Although the microhardness of the TiO<sub>2-x</sub>/Cu/C composite coating decreases owing to the increase in surface structural defects, it increases with increasing temperature. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the TiO<sub>2-x</sub>/Cu/C composite coating is improved by a factor of ten compared to the TiO<sub>2-x</sub>/Cu coating. Relatively speaking, the TiO<sub>2-x</sub>/Cu/C composite coating exhibits optimal friction reduction and wear resistance at 200 °C, with the friction coefficient and wear rate reaching their minimum observed level. At a lower temperature of 160 °C under dry sliding condition, the composite coating is susceptible to severe adhesive wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear simultaneously, with wear intensifying under the action of electrical current. Excitingly, a synergistic improvement in friction and wear resistance is observed for the composite coating at higher temperatures (notably 180 °C and 200 °C), regardless of dry sliding or electrical current application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133149
Peikai Luo , Guangqi Xu , Ming Zhou , Guolong Wu , Siwei Du , Haoran Sun , Yulei Feng , Yiwu Wu
F92 steel is widely used for critical components such as valves and power generation equipment, where improved surface hardness and wear resistance are required for enhanced durability. Conventional quenching methods can increase hardness; however, they often suffer from limited effective hardening depth and poor dimensional controllability. In this study, a laser quenching strategy assisted by a laser textured light trapping surface texture is proposed to enhance the depth and properties of the quenching-strengthened layer in F92 steel. The results show that, under the synergistic effect, the surface reflectivity was significantly reduced from 50.0 % in the original sample to 5.7 %, greatly improving the laser energy absorption efficiency and increasing the quenching depth from 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm. After laser quenching with surface texture, the samples exhibited finer grains, lower residual austenite content, higher dislocation density, and the formation of oxygen solid solution in matrix, compared with water quenched and directly laser quenched samples. The hardness of the sample with the light trapping texture increased to 952.8 HV0.5 after laser quenching, while the wear rate decreased to 4.13 × 10−5 mm3·N−1·m−1. Overall, the laser quenched sample with light trapping surface texture exhibited the best hardness and wear resistance, providing a new approach for the surface strengthening of materials such as F92 steel.
{"title":"Enhancement of depth and properties of laser quenching strengthening layer in F92 steel by prefabricating light trapping texture","authors":"Peikai Luo , Guangqi Xu , Ming Zhou , Guolong Wu , Siwei Du , Haoran Sun , Yulei Feng , Yiwu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>F92 steel is widely used for critical components such as valves and power generation equipment, where improved surface hardness and wear resistance are required for enhanced durability. Conventional quenching methods can increase hardness; however, they often suffer from limited effective hardening depth and poor dimensional controllability. In this study, a laser quenching strategy assisted by a laser textured light trapping surface texture is proposed to enhance the depth and properties of the quenching-strengthened layer in F92 steel. The results show that, under the synergistic effect, the surface reflectivity was significantly reduced from 50.0 % in the original sample to 5.7 %, greatly improving the laser energy absorption efficiency and increasing the quenching depth from 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm. After laser quenching with surface texture, the samples exhibited finer grains, lower residual austenite content, higher dislocation density, and the formation of oxygen solid solution in matrix, compared with water quenched and directly laser quenched samples. The hardness of the sample with the light trapping texture increased to 952.8 HV<sub>0.5</sub> after laser quenching, while the wear rate decreased to 4.13 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, the laser quenched sample with light trapping surface texture exhibited the best hardness and wear resistance, providing a new approach for the surface strengthening of materials such as F92 steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133151
Wei Wu , Kangsen Li , Changning Bai , Chi Fai Cheung , Chunjin Wang
This study demonstrates a laser-driven precision manufacturing approach for tunable wettability surfaces by direct conversion of polyimide films into laser-induced graphene (LIG) with hierarchical microstructures. By precisely controlling Ytterbium fiber laser parameters, the reversible transition between superhydrophilic (contact angle ≈ 15°) and superhydrophobic (contact angle ≈ 155°, hysteresis < 5°) states is achieved. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the non-monotonic wettability transition results from the synergistic evolution of carbonization degree, surface chemistry, and hierarchical roughness. The grid-like LIG structures fabricated at 70 W power exhibited optimal superhydrophobicity due to their unique combination of high sp2 carbon content, minimal oxygen content, moderate surface roughness (Sa = 15.27 μm), high fractal dimension (Df = 2.35), and optimal feature aspect ratio (1:4.2). The process exhibited excellent reproducibility (contact angle standard deviation <±2° across 10 samples) and environmental stability (contact angle remained >150° after 30 days of ambient exposure). This approach enables rapid, mask-free fabrication of functional surfaces with tunable wettability for applications in anti-icing, liquid transport, and microfluidic devices.
{"title":"Laser-driven, precision manufacturing of hierarchical structure surfaces enables tunable superhydrophobic/hydrophilic properties","authors":"Wei Wu , Kangsen Li , Changning Bai , Chi Fai Cheung , Chunjin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates a laser-driven precision manufacturing approach for tunable wettability surfaces by direct conversion of polyimide films into laser-induced graphene (LIG) with hierarchical microstructures. By precisely controlling Ytterbium fiber laser parameters, the reversible transition between superhydrophilic (contact angle ≈ 15°) and superhydrophobic (contact angle ≈ 155°, hysteresis < 5°) states is achieved. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the non-monotonic wettability transition results from the synergistic evolution of carbonization degree, surface chemistry, and hierarchical roughness. The grid-like LIG structures fabricated at 70 W power exhibited optimal superhydrophobicity due to their unique combination of high sp<sup>2</sup> carbon content, minimal oxygen content, moderate surface roughness (Sa = 15.27 μm), high fractal dimension (Df = 2.35), and optimal feature aspect ratio (1:4.2). The process exhibited excellent reproducibility (contact angle standard deviation <±2° across 10 samples) and environmental stability (contact angle remained >150° after 30 days of ambient exposure). This approach enables rapid, mask-free fabrication of functional surfaces with tunable wettability for applications in anti-icing, liquid transport, and microfluidic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133150
Volker Sittinger , Tino Harig , Tobias Graumann , Sven Pleger , Christian Beyen , Patricia S.C. Schulze , Jann B. Landgraf , Johanna Modes , Martin Hermle , Juliane Borchert , Andreas W. Bett
The industrial realization of high-efficiency perovskite/silicon tandem (PST) solar cells hinges on scalable, low-temperature fabrication of complex electron contact architectures. Here, we report a hybrid spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) platform that enables the sequential, vacuum-based deposition of AlOx/C60/SnOx electron contact stacks over G12 wafer formats. The system integrates a custom-designed linear evaporator into a high-throughput SALD reactor, allowing precise control of layer thickness and uniformity. Real-time ellipsometry provides in-line monitoring, revealing growth delays of SnOx on hydrophobic C60. Photoluminescence measurements demonstrate that AlOx passivation significantly enhances quasi-Fermi level splitting. This work establishes a scalable, inline-compatible process for next-generation tandem photovoltaic devices.
{"title":"Integrated hybrid SALD-PVD platform for scalable electron contact layer engineering in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"Volker Sittinger , Tino Harig , Tobias Graumann , Sven Pleger , Christian Beyen , Patricia S.C. Schulze , Jann B. Landgraf , Johanna Modes , Martin Hermle , Juliane Borchert , Andreas W. Bett","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial realization of high-efficiency perovskite/silicon tandem (PST) solar cells hinges on scalable, low-temperature fabrication of complex electron contact architectures. Here, we report a hybrid spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) platform that enables the sequential, vacuum-based deposition of AlO<sub>x</sub>/C<sub>60</sub>/SnO<sub>x</sub> electron contact stacks over G12 wafer formats. The system integrates a custom-designed linear evaporator into a high-throughput SALD reactor, allowing precise control of layer thickness and uniformity. Real-time ellipsometry provides in-line monitoring, revealing growth delays of SnO<sub>x</sub> on hydrophobic C<sub>60</sub>. Photoluminescence measurements demonstrate that AlO<sub>x</sub> passivation significantly enhances quasi-Fermi level splitting. This work establishes a scalable, inline-compatible process for next-generation tandem photovoltaic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133138
Hanlin Huang , Yan Wang , Shanming Luo
In this study, to ensure the service performance of laser cladding remanufactured gears under severe operating conditions, the wear resistance of the surface coating was enhanced through a fine grain strengthening mechanism. A quadratic regression model linking process parameters to grain size was established via response surface methodology (RSM). This model was employed to investigate and quantify the relationship between the processing conditions and the target response, thereby identifying the optimal parameters for achieving localized grain refinement within the coating. The microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically characterized to elucidate the relationship between microstructural evolution and the coating's tribological behavior. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimized coating possessed a markedly refined grain structure, with the average grain size reduced from 120.1 μm to 72.9 μm. The refined coating exhibited a gradient architecture comprising columnar dendrites with a random texture, which promoted the precipitation of solid-solution strengthening phases. Under the synergistic effects of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening, the average hardness reached 625.3 HV0.2. Simultaneously, the optimized coating exhibited outstanding friction and wear properties. The dry coefficient of friction for the roller specimen coating decreased from 0.249 to 0.185, and the wear volume decreased from 0.0519 g to 0.0161 g. The dominant wear mechanism transitioned from severe adhesive wear to mild fatigue wear.
{"title":"Research on the optimization of friction and wear properties of laser cladding Ni60 alloy coatings based on grain refinement","authors":"Hanlin Huang , Yan Wang , Shanming Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, to ensure the service performance of laser cladding remanufactured gears under severe operating conditions, the wear resistance of the surface coating was enhanced through a fine grain strengthening mechanism. A quadratic regression model linking process parameters to grain size was established via response surface methodology (RSM). This model was employed to investigate and quantify the relationship between the processing conditions and the target response, thereby identifying the optimal parameters for achieving localized grain refinement within the coating. The microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically characterized to elucidate the relationship between microstructural evolution and the coating's tribological behavior. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimized coating possessed a markedly refined grain structure, with the average grain size reduced from 120.1 μm to 72.9 μm. The refined coating exhibited a gradient architecture comprising columnar dendrites with a random texture, which promoted the precipitation of solid-solution strengthening phases. Under the synergistic effects of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening, the average hardness reached 625.3 HV<sub>0.2</sub>. Simultaneously, the optimized coating exhibited outstanding friction and wear properties. The dry coefficient of friction for the roller specimen coating decreased from 0.249 to 0.185, and the wear volume decreased from 0.0519 g to 0.0161 g. The dominant wear mechanism transitioned from severe adhesive wear to mild fatigue wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133143
Daniel Toboła , Ben D. Beake , Łukasz Maj , Puneet Chandran , Atreya Danturthi , Thawhid Khan , Tomasz Liskiewicz , Yanfei Liu , Kazimierz Czechowski , Cezary Drenda
Cutting and forming tools operating under high load conditions often suffer from premature wear. Applying hard, wear-resistant coatings particularly multilayer coatings can significantly enhance their functional properties. In this study, three multilayered coatings were deposited on hardened M2 steel bars using arc-evaporation: (1) TiN/TiCrN/TiN, (2) TiN/TiCrN/(TiN/CrN)10/TiN system and (3) (Cr/CrN)25. Mechanical (nanoindentation), tribological (cylinder on cylinder reciprocating tests) behavior of the coatings was investigated along with micro-impact tests. SEM/TEM analysis of the coatings revealed dense and fine-grained columnar structure in the direction of growth. All multilayer coatings showed enhanced wear resistance compared to the TiN monolayer. The TiN/TiCrN/TiN system exhibited the highest hardness (30.6 GPa) and best wear resistance against Al₂O₃, with an 88 % reduction in volume loss compared to TiN. This performance is consistent with its high load-bearing capacity (H3/E2 = 0.107 GPa), moderate H/E (0.059) and the lowest friction coefficient (<0.2). On the other hand, the (Cr/CrN)₂₅ coating demonstrated the best impact performance — with no chipping at 500 mN over 500 cycles and minimal damage at 1500 mN. This is attributed to its high H/E (0.074) and H3/E2 (0.126 GPa) ratios, along with a relatively low modulus (310 GPa), much more closely matched (Ec/Es ∼ 1.5) to the substrate than the other coatings.
{"title":"TiN, CrN and TiCrN coating architectures on M2 steel: consequences for wear and micro-impact resistance","authors":"Daniel Toboła , Ben D. Beake , Łukasz Maj , Puneet Chandran , Atreya Danturthi , Thawhid Khan , Tomasz Liskiewicz , Yanfei Liu , Kazimierz Czechowski , Cezary Drenda","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutting and forming tools operating under high load conditions often suffer from premature wear. Applying hard, wear-resistant coatings particularly multilayer coatings can significantly enhance their functional properties. In this study, three multilayered coatings were deposited on hardened M2 steel bars using arc-evaporation: (1) TiN/TiCrN/TiN, (2) TiN/TiCrN/(TiN/CrN)<sub>10</sub>/TiN system and (3) (Cr/CrN)<sub>25</sub>. Mechanical (nanoindentation), tribological (cylinder on cylinder reciprocating tests) behavior of the coatings was investigated along with micro-impact tests. SEM/TEM analysis of the coatings revealed dense and fine-grained columnar structure in the direction of growth. All multilayer coatings showed enhanced wear resistance compared to the TiN monolayer. The TiN/TiCrN/TiN system exhibited the highest hardness (30.6 GPa) and best wear resistance against Al₂O₃, with an 88 % reduction in volume loss compared to TiN. This performance is consistent with its high load-bearing capacity (<em>H</em><sup>3</sup>/<em>E</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.107 GPa), moderate <em>H</em>/<em>E</em> (0.059) and the lowest friction coefficient (<0.2). On the other hand, the (Cr/CrN)₂₅ coating demonstrated the best impact performance — with no chipping at 500 mN over 500 cycles and minimal damage at 1500 mN. This is attributed to its high <em>H</em>/<em>E</em> (0.074) and <em>H</em><sup>3</sup>/<em>E</em><sup>2</sup> (0.126 GPa) ratios, along with a relatively low modulus (310 GPa), much more closely matched (<em>E</em><sub>c</sub>/<em>E</em><sub>s</sub> ∼ 1.5) to the substrate than the other coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133146
Yu-Lin Lee , Chih-Ching Tseng , Ren-Jei Chung , Ching-Yu Lin , Yu-Jui Fan , Po-Chun Chen
In this study, we developed a glucose sensor based on a nanoflower platinum (nfP) film prepared via electrodeposition. The nfP film exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, achieving a high glucose detection sensitivity of 81.9 μA cm−2 mM−1 and demonstrating strong selectivity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. Beyond glucose sensing, the nfP film enabled electrochemical monitoring of glucose consumption as an indirect means of detecting cell activity. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and MCF-7 cancer cells by measuring glucose depletion in the solution. The presence of E. coli resulted in a decrease in glucose concentration, which was captured through reductions in the chronoamperometric current. As the E. coli concentration increased from 104 to 106 CFU/mL, the corresponding charge measured at the electrode decreased linearly, with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.999) described by the regression equation y = 755.5x – 2420.5. Similarly, MCF-7 cells exhibited a linear correlation (R2 = 0.943) within the range of 103 to 105 CFU/mL. Overall, this work presents a simple and effective electrochemical strategy for glucose detection and cell monitoring, demonstrating promising potential for practical biosensing applications involving both bacterial and cancer cell analysis.
{"title":"Electrodeposited nanoflower platinum films for high-sensitivity glucose sensing and cellular activity monitoring","authors":"Yu-Lin Lee , Chih-Ching Tseng , Ren-Jei Chung , Ching-Yu Lin , Yu-Jui Fan , Po-Chun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a glucose sensor based on a nanoflower platinum (nfP) film prepared via electrodeposition. The nfP film exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, achieving a high glucose detection sensitivity of 81.9 μA cm<sup>−2</sup> mM<sup>−1</sup> and demonstrating strong selectivity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. Beyond glucose sensing, the nfP film enabled electrochemical monitoring of glucose consumption as an indirect means of detecting cell activity. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the concentrations of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and MCF-7 cancer cells by measuring glucose depletion in the solution. The presence of <em>E. coli</em> resulted in a decrease in glucose concentration, which was captured through reductions in the chronoamperometric current. As the <em>E. coli</em> concentration increased from 10<sup>4</sup> to 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL, the corresponding charge measured at the electrode decreased linearly, with a strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) described by the regression equation y = 755.5x – 2420.5. Similarly, MCF-7 cells exhibited a linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.943) within the range of 10<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL. Overall, this work presents a simple and effective electrochemical strategy for glucose detection and cell monitoring, demonstrating promising potential for practical biosensing applications involving both bacterial and cancer cell analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133148
Zhiyong Zhang , Changsong Liu , Yongqiang Fu , Feng Guo , Dongzhou Jia , Jiarong Wang , Lei Cao , Xiaoqiang Wu , Xiaoxue Li
In this paper, we prepared series of DLC-Si films on 304 stainless steel by adjusting the flux of C6H18OSi2 (HMDSO) using the high-power pulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) system. The effects of different Si contents on the tribology performance and electrochemical properties of DLC-Si films were evaluated. The results suggested that the film showed favorable tribological properties and corrosion resistance with 9.26 at.% Si content, and this can be attributed to the incorporation of Si elements changed its graphitization ratio, friction chemistry, and plastic transfer behavior. Furthermore, the formation of hydrated silica gel during the friction process resulted in the lowest coefficient of friction (0.084) and wear rate (2.124 × 10−7 mm3/(Nm)) in seawater. Furthermore, icorr of DLC film reduced three orders of magnitude (3.397 × 10−8 A/cm2) when compared to the 304 substrate, this is due to its inherent chemical inertness and the compact structure of films. The results suggested that the DLC-Si films with low friction coefficients and high corrosion resistance, could effectively prolong the service life of moving components in seawater environments. This provides a theoretical foundation for the application of these films in such environments.
{"title":"Achieving low friction and high corrosion resistance DLC-Si films by HiPIMS","authors":"Zhiyong Zhang , Changsong Liu , Yongqiang Fu , Feng Guo , Dongzhou Jia , Jiarong Wang , Lei Cao , Xiaoqiang Wu , Xiaoxue Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we prepared series of DLC-Si films on 304 stainless steel by adjusting the flux of C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>18</sub>OSi<sub>2</sub> (HMDSO) using the high-power pulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) system. The effects of different Si contents on the tribology performance and electrochemical properties of DLC-Si films were evaluated. The results suggested that the film showed favorable tribological properties and corrosion resistance with 9.26 at.% Si content, and this can be attributed to the incorporation of Si elements changed its graphitization ratio, friction chemistry, and plastic transfer behavior. Furthermore, the formation of hydrated silica gel during the friction process resulted in the lowest coefficient of friction (0.084) and wear rate (2.124 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm)) in seawater. Furthermore, i<sub>corr</sub> of DLC film reduced three orders of magnitude (3.397 × 10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>) when compared to the 304 substrate, this is due to its inherent chemical inertness and the compact structure of films. The results suggested that the DLC-Si films with low friction coefficients and high corrosion resistance, could effectively prolong the service life of moving components in seawater environments. This provides a theoretical foundation for the application of these films in such environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133142
Jianxiong Wu , Kou Du , Xuelei Fu , Hongbin Lin , Chao Zhang , Weidi Huang , Bing Xu , Junhui Zhang
Severe wear of 42CrMo steel easily causes unstable power transmission, overload-induced fracture, and even serious safety accidents. Ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is an effective method to enhance the tribological performance of 42CrMo steel due to the gradient nanostructure and surface texture. However, there still lacks a comprehensive understanding about the improvement contribution of tribological performance from surface texture and gradient nanostructure induced by USRP. This study reflects that USRP can effectively generate a gradient nanostructure (~50 nm) and a plastic deformation layer (~500 μm) on the surface. The detailed formation mechanism of the gradient nanostructure is composed of the synergistic effect of lath martensite segregation and dislocation intersection. Moreover, the function of surface texture undergoes a transformation with the increase of surface-strengthening pressure during the wear process: from debris storage-assisted wear resistance function to edge effect-induced wear acceleration function. Under less than 1200 N, wear debris storage induced by texture and gradient nanostructures synergistically improves the tribological performance of 42CrMo steel. Under more than 1200 N, the edge effect caused by the sharp texture becomes more pronounced, further accelerating the wear. These phenomena reveal competitive behaviors between positive impact of gradient nanostructure on enhancing the friction performance and negative effect from the damage at the texture edges. It also leads to a transformation of the dominant wear mechanism with the increase of pressure: from the initial abrasive and oxidative wear to slight abrasive wear accompanied by friction-protective oxide film, and finally to severe abrasive and oxidative wear.
{"title":"Competitive effects of ultrasonic surface rolling-induced textures and nanocrystallization on wear behaviors of 42CrMo steel","authors":"Jianxiong Wu , Kou Du , Xuelei Fu , Hongbin Lin , Chao Zhang , Weidi Huang , Bing Xu , Junhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe wear of 42CrMo steel easily causes unstable power transmission, overload-induced fracture, and even serious safety accidents. Ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is an effective method to enhance the tribological performance of 42CrMo steel due to the gradient nanostructure and surface texture. However, there still lacks a comprehensive understanding about the improvement contribution of tribological performance from surface texture and gradient nanostructure induced by USRP. This study reflects that USRP can effectively generate a gradient nanostructure (~50 nm) and a plastic deformation layer (~500 μm) on the surface. The detailed formation mechanism of the gradient nanostructure is composed of the synergistic effect of lath martensite segregation and dislocation intersection. Moreover, the function of surface texture undergoes a transformation with the increase of surface-strengthening pressure during the wear process: from debris storage-assisted wear resistance function to edge effect-induced wear acceleration function. Under less than 1200 N, wear debris storage induced by texture and gradient nanostructures synergistically improves the tribological performance of 42CrMo steel. Under more than 1200 N, the edge effect caused by the sharp texture becomes more pronounced, further accelerating the wear. These phenomena reveal competitive behaviors between positive impact of gradient nanostructure on enhancing the friction performance and negative effect from the damage at the texture edges. It also leads to a transformation of the dominant wear mechanism with the increase of pressure: from the initial abrasive and oxidative wear to slight abrasive wear accompanied by friction-protective oxide film, and finally to severe abrasive and oxidative wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133142"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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