Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131484
Wei He , Zijie Shao , Jianghai He , Yulin Zhang , Mengge Sun , Yaqi Jiang , Zhenguo Wen , Fei Chen
Magnesium alloys are biodegradable metal implant materials that are prone to corrosion in human body fluids and are poor biocompatible as a consequence. Herein, we report the preparation of a ceramic layer on an AZ91D magnesium alloy using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique, after which polycaprolactone/citric-acid-monohydrate-modified nano‑zinc oxide was composited on the ceramic layer using a sol–gel method. The MAO-polycaprolactone-modified ZnO composite coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to magnesium alloy, and a higher electrochemical impedance in simulated body fluid (1.0397 × 107 vs. 8.444 × 102 Ω·cm2). Furthermore, data from immersion, antimicrobial, hemolysis, cell-viability, and-proliferation testing revealed that the composite coating is significantly more antimicrobial and biocompatible than the magnesium alloy. We conclude that such composite coatings have considerable potential for use in biomedical orthopedic-implant applications.
镁合金是一种可生物降解的金属植入材料，在人体体液中容易腐蚀，因此生物相容性较差。在此，我们报告了利用微弧氧化（MAO）技术在 AZ91D 镁合金上制备陶瓷层，然后利用溶胶-凝胶法在陶瓷层上合成聚己内酯/一水柠檬酸改性纳米氧化锌。与镁合金相比，MAO-聚己内酯改性氧化锌复合涂层具有更优异的耐腐蚀性，在模拟体液中的电化学阻抗更高（1.0397 × 107 vs. 8.444 × 102 Ω-cm2）。此外，浸泡、抗菌、溶血、细胞活力和增殖测试的数据显示，复合涂层的抗菌性和生物相容性明显优于镁合金。我们的结论是，这种复合涂层在生物医学骨科植入物应用中具有相当大的潜力。
{"title":"Enhanced anticorrosive, antimicrobial and biocompatible properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy by MAO-polycaprolactone-modified ZnO composite coating","authors":"Wei He , Zijie Shao , Jianghai He , Yulin Zhang , Mengge Sun , Yaqi Jiang , Zhenguo Wen , Fei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium alloys are biodegradable metal implant materials that are prone to corrosion in human body fluids and are poor biocompatible as a consequence. Herein, we report the preparation of a ceramic layer on an AZ91D magnesium alloy using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique, after which polycaprolactone/citric-acid-monohydrate-modified nano‑zinc oxide was composited on the ceramic layer using a sol–gel method. The MAO-polycaprolactone-modified ZnO composite coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to magnesium alloy, and a higher electrochemical impedance in simulated body fluid (1.0397 × 10<sup>7</sup> vs. 8.444 × 10<sup>2</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>). Furthermore, data from immersion, antimicrobial, hemolysis, cell-viability, and-proliferation testing revealed that the composite coating is significantly more antimicrobial and biocompatible than the magnesium alloy. We conclude that such composite coatings have considerable potential for use in biomedical orthopedic-implant applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131498
Xiao Han , Ziqi You , Jiansong Li , Ruina Ma , Yongzhe Fan , An Du , Xue Zhao , Mingxu Yang
A PDMS/PCL@F-SiO2 superhydrophobic coating (MPPF) with self-healing capabilities was developed by applying a thermo-responsive self-healing composite resin layer on the micro-arc oxidized surface of 7075 aluminum alloy. When the ratio of PDMS to PCL is set at 3:7, the composite resin layer achieves complete self-repair. Following the application of F-SiO2 hydrophobic particles on the surface of the composite resin coating, a superhydrophobic coating (MPPF) is obtained. The MPPF exhibits a contact angle of 164.72° and a slide angle of 2.2°. Its corrosion potential is measured at −0.448 V,while the corrosion current density is recorded at 4.176 × 10−10 A·cm−2, which is five orders of magnitude lower than that of 7075 aluminum alloy matrix. The MPPF demonstrates excellent mechanical and chemical stability along with self-healing capabilities. Under thermal stimulation, the MPPF can rapidly repair surface scratches, restoring both the superhydrophobic properties and, to some extent, the corrosion resistance of the sample.
{"title":"Study on the performance of self-healing superhydrophobic coating on micro-arc oxidized surface with PDMS/PCL@F-SiO2","authors":"Xiao Han , Ziqi You , Jiansong Li , Ruina Ma , Yongzhe Fan , An Du , Xue Zhao , Mingxu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A PDMS/PCL@F-SiO<sub>2</sub> superhydrophobic coating (M<sub>PPF</sub>) with self-healing capabilities was developed by applying a thermo-responsive self-healing composite resin layer on the micro-arc oxidized surface of 7075 aluminum alloy. When the ratio of PDMS to PCL is set at 3:7, the composite resin layer achieves complete self-repair. Following the application of F-SiO<sub>2</sub> hydrophobic particles on the surface of the composite resin coating, a superhydrophobic coating (M<sub>PPF</sub>) is obtained. The M<sub>PPF</sub> exhibits a contact angle of 164.72° and a slide angle of 2.2°. Its corrosion potential is measured at −0.448 V,while the corrosion current density is recorded at 4.176 × 10<sup>−10</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup>, which is five orders of magnitude lower than that of 7075 aluminum alloy matrix. The M<sub>PPF</sub> demonstrates excellent mechanical and chemical stability along with self-healing capabilities. Under thermal stimulation, the M<sub>PPF</sub> can rapidly repair surface scratches, restoring both the superhydrophobic properties and, to some extent, the corrosion resistance of the sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131497
Xun Zhu , Xiaoya Li , Cheng Zhang , Peng Tang , Songsheng Lin , Zhiqiang Fu , Qian Shi
Dy or Zr doped NiCrAlY coatings were fabricated via arc ion plating technology on nickel-based single crystal superalloy. Thermal corrosion tests of NiCrAlY, NiCrAlYZr, and NiCrAlYDy coatings with 75 wt% Na2SO4 + 25 wt% NaCl mixed salt were conducted at 900 °C. The weight gain of the NiCrAlY, NiCrAlYZr, and NiCrAlYDy coating samples after 100 h of thermal corrosion was as follows: −11.32, 1.06 and −6.56 mg∙cm−2. The results indicated that the NiCrAlYZr coating exhibits superior thermal corrosion resistance compared to both NiCrAlY and Dy-doped NiCrAlY coatings due to the beneficial effects of Zr interacting with S and Cl, making it more effectively protect the hot components of aircraft engine from thermal corrosion.
{"title":"Effect of Zr/Dy on thermal corrosion resistant properties of NiCrAlY coatings","authors":"Xun Zhu , Xiaoya Li , Cheng Zhang , Peng Tang , Songsheng Lin , Zhiqiang Fu , Qian Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dy or Zr doped NiCrAlY coatings were fabricated via arc ion plating technology on nickel-based single crystal superalloy. Thermal corrosion tests of NiCrAlY, NiCrAlYZr, and NiCrAlYDy coatings with 75 wt% Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + 25 wt% NaCl mixed salt were conducted at 900 °C. The weight gain of the NiCrAlY, NiCrAlYZr, and NiCrAlYDy coating samples after 100 h of thermal corrosion was as follows: −11.32, 1.06 and −6.56 mg∙cm<sup>−2</sup>. The results indicated that the NiCrAlYZr coating exhibits superior thermal corrosion resistance compared to both NiCrAlY and Dy-doped NiCrAlY coatings due to the beneficial effects of Zr interacting with S and Cl, making it more effectively protect the hot components of aircraft engine from thermal corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131503
José D. Castro , I. Carvalho , J.C. Sánchez-López , T.C. Rojas , R. Escobar-Galindo , S. Carvalho
The world needs more environmentally friendly materials every time, especially when the application demands constant interaction with fragile habitats. The naval industry is a crucial player in a globalised economy, and the ambient impact of ships on the seas is well-known. Biofouling is one of the significant issues in this industry, and paints with biocides are used as the principal coating solution. However, those are mechanically poor, releasing heavy pollutants into the oceans. Multifunctional coatings obtained by PVD technology could help overcome this situation. The present study proposes a solution to create an advanced coating composed of zirconium nitride and copper in a specific nano-architecture. The developed coating was obtained in a hybrid magnetron co-sputtering system, employing high-power impulse and direct current power sources in a reactive atmosphere. SEM and TEM expose the morphology and the structure of the coatings. EDX, RBS, and XPS were used to assess the chemical insights of the coating. Halo and biofilm tests (with Cobetia marina) were employed to evaluate the antibiofouling action of the coating. The results showed that the activation of the coating, regardless of the used method, provoked the copper migration to the surface, being crucial to obtaining the antibacterial action (reduced bacteria adhesion and > 3 log reduction in CFU on the surface) without affecting the coating integrity (assessed by SEM), and not releasing heavy metals in a significant manner (< 2 log reduction CFU on supernatant). This opens the option of this kind of material, which is environmentally friendly, to be applied in real applications.
{"title":"Unleashing the antibiofouling potential of nano-structured ZrN-Cu coating through electricity","authors":"José D. Castro , I. Carvalho , J.C. Sánchez-López , T.C. Rojas , R. Escobar-Galindo , S. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world needs more environmentally friendly materials every time, especially when the application demands constant interaction with fragile habitats. The naval industry is a crucial player in a globalised economy, and the ambient impact of ships on the seas is well-known. Biofouling is one of the significant issues in this industry, and paints with biocides are used as the principal coating solution. However, those are mechanically poor, releasing heavy pollutants into the oceans. Multifunctional coatings obtained by PVD technology could help overcome this situation. The present study proposes a solution to create an advanced coating composed of zirconium nitride and copper in a specific nano-architecture. The developed coating was obtained in a hybrid magnetron co-sputtering system, employing high-power impulse and direct current power sources in a reactive atmosphere. SEM and TEM expose the morphology and the structure of the coatings. EDX, RBS, and XPS were used to assess the chemical insights of the coating. Halo and biofilm tests (with <em>Cobetia marina</em>) were employed to evaluate the antibiofouling action of the coating. The results showed that the activation of the coating, regardless of the used method, provoked the copper migration to the surface, being crucial to obtaining the antibacterial action (reduced bacteria adhesion and > 3 log reduction in CFU on the surface) without affecting the coating integrity (assessed by SEM), and not releasing heavy metals in a significant manner (< 2 log reduction CFU on supernatant). This opens the option of this kind of material, which is environmentally friendly, to be applied in real applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-velocity laser accelerated deposition (HVLAD) is a cladding method that can achieve uniform adhesion between coating-substrate systems with unprecedented potential. Unlike thermally driven processes, HVLAD relies on laser peening technology to propel small areas of a thin film onto a substrate. An essential aspect of this technique is that it prevents significant temperature variations between the substrate and thin film, reducing the likelihood of thermally induced defects. An intense plasma pressure wave generated by the laser pulse, along with micro-level melting that occurs at the interface, leads to complex microstructure at the interface. This research studies the bonding process of 1100 aluminum (Al) of approximately 60 μm thickness to a 52,100 steel (St) substrate using this technique. The microstructure at the interface as well as nano hardness, and bonding strength using advanced microscopy and indentation techniques were investigated. It was concluded that the substantial grain refinement observed near the weld interface might be linked to the intense pressure as well as the melting and subsequent recrystallization induced by the high-speed heating and cooling rates inherent in the HVLAD process. Measurements of the scratch resistance and adhesion of the cladded aluminum coatings showed a critical load of delamination initiation in the range of 1–2 N. While this study focused on the bonding of Al and St, additional research is needed for other materials. With further development, HVLAD has the potential for cost-effective coating deposition on complex geometries without strength limitations. This method can apply corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, thermal-resistant, and impact-resistant coatings with strong bonding on the substrate.
{"title":"High-velocity laser accelerated deposition: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the aluminum-steel bonding interface","authors":"Keivan Davami , Alireza Doroudi , Tyler Hunt , Fariborz Tavangarian , Sadie Beck , Ali Beheshti","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-velocity laser accelerated deposition (HVLAD) is a cladding method that can achieve uniform adhesion between coating-substrate systems with unprecedented potential. Unlike thermally driven processes, HVLAD relies on laser peening technology to propel small areas of a thin film onto a substrate. An essential aspect of this technique is that it prevents significant temperature variations between the substrate and thin film, reducing the likelihood of thermally induced defects. An intense plasma pressure wave generated by the laser pulse, along with micro-level melting that occurs at the interface, leads to complex microstructure at the interface. This research studies the bonding process of 1100 aluminum (Al) of approximately 60 μm thickness to a 52,100 steel (St) substrate using this technique. The microstructure at the interface as well as nano hardness, and bonding strength using advanced microscopy and indentation techniques were investigated. It was concluded that the substantial grain refinement observed near the weld interface might be linked to the intense pressure as well as the melting and subsequent recrystallization induced by the high-speed heating and cooling rates inherent in the HVLAD process. Measurements of the scratch resistance and adhesion of the cladded aluminum coatings showed a critical load of delamination initiation in the range of 1–2 N. While this study focused on the bonding of Al and St, additional research is needed for other materials. With further development, HVLAD has the potential for cost-effective coating deposition on complex geometries without strength limitations. This method can apply corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, thermal-resistant, and impact-resistant coatings with strong bonding on the substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131509"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131469
Yue Hu , Ruisong Jiang , Chongxiang Huang , Chaolang Chen , Shaojian Wang
To enhance the adhesion of turbine blade thermal barrier coating systems using the LST method, a thorough understanding of the ablation mechanism of NiCoCrAlY bond coat material by femtosecond laser systems is essential for producing high-quality textured grooves. This study systematically investigates the ablation mechanisms of NiCoCrAlY material, exploring the effects of laser energy density, laser scanning speed, and the number of laser scans on the ablation of NiCoCrAlY. Numerical simulations based on the two-temperature model were conducted, providing a comprehensive analysis of thermal effects, heat accumulation, and material response during the laser ablation process. The experimental results indicate that 1) the ablation phenomenon caused by heat accumulation becomes evident as the laser energy density increases from 1.948 J/cm2 to 4.521 J/cm2, with the accumulated heat reaching 1525.2 K, leading to distinct melting residues and heat-affected zones on the groove walls. 2) The change in laser scanning speed also affects heat accumulation. Using a laser scanning speed of 800 mm/s results in a high material removal rate, smooth machined walls, and a uniform surface with no significant heat-affected zones. 3) Excessively high numbers of laser scans shift the laser focus to the bottom of the groove. The high concentration of laser energy causes intense localized ablation, forming sharp bases with numerous cracks and melting residues. To achieve efficient and high-quality laser ablation, it is necessary to ensure that the number of scans remains below 40.
{"title":"Simulation and experimental study of femtosecond laser ablation mechanisms of NiCoCrAlY coatings","authors":"Yue Hu , Ruisong Jiang , Chongxiang Huang , Chaolang Chen , Shaojian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the adhesion of turbine blade thermal barrier coating systems using the LST method, a thorough understanding of the ablation mechanism of NiCoCrAlY bond coat material by femtosecond laser systems is essential for producing high-quality textured grooves. This study systematically investigates the ablation mechanisms of NiCoCrAlY material, exploring the effects of laser energy density, laser scanning speed, and the number of laser scans on the ablation of NiCoCrAlY. Numerical simulations based on the two-temperature model were conducted, providing a comprehensive analysis of thermal effects, heat accumulation, and material response during the laser ablation process. The experimental results indicate that 1) the ablation phenomenon caused by heat accumulation becomes evident as the laser energy density increases from 1.948 J/cm<sup>2</sup> to 4.521 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, with the accumulated heat reaching 1525.2 K, leading to distinct melting residues and heat-affected zones on the groove walls. 2) The change in laser scanning speed also affects heat accumulation. Using a laser scanning speed of 800 mm/s results in a high material removal rate, smooth machined walls, and a uniform surface with no significant heat-affected zones. 3) Excessively high numbers of laser scans shift the laser focus to the bottom of the groove. The high concentration of laser energy causes intense localized ablation, forming sharp bases with numerous cracks and melting residues. To achieve efficient and high-quality laser ablation, it is necessary to ensure that the number of scans remains below 40.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131469"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131486
Marcus Hans , Jochen M. Schneider , Allan Matthews , Christian Mitterer
In this perspective sustainability-relevant aspects of modern surface engineering technologies, which enable improved structural and functional surface properties, are critically evaluated. Although plasma-assisted physical vapour deposition (PVD) is increasingly employed to address global challenges, such as energy efficiency and reduction of CO2 emissions, their inherently resource-intensive nature is often not considered.
Surface engineering research should thus embrace sustainability-relevant aspects from a processes and materials design point of view. While we are convinced that sustainability-relevant surface engineering has to be based on synchronised process and materials solutions, we will discuss processes and materials separately.
In terms of processes, we are going to describe the challenges of state-of-the-art technology, including energy and mass balances as well as product cycles. With respect to materials, the coating and process purity as well as chemical and microstructural complexity are discussed.
Such approaches are fully in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 Responsible Consumption and Production. We expect that the here discussed urgently needed pathways towards responsible surface engineering will become important for the surface engineering community and adopted within the near future. Responsible surface engineering includes the human behaviour and necessitates a change in mindset of materials scientists and process engineers. Hence, two main questions are critically evaluated in this perspective:
1)
What are sustainability-relevant aspects of PVD processes and materials?
2)
Which pathways are available to move towards responsible surface engineering?
{"title":"Perspective on pathways towards responsible surface engineering","authors":"Marcus Hans , Jochen M. Schneider , Allan Matthews , Christian Mitterer","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this perspective sustainability-relevant aspects of modern surface engineering technologies, which enable improved structural and functional surface properties, are critically evaluated. Although plasma-assisted physical vapour deposition (PVD) is increasingly employed to address global challenges, such as energy efficiency and reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, their inherently resource-intensive nature is often not considered.</div><div>Surface engineering research should thus embrace sustainability-relevant aspects from a processes and materials design point of view. While we are convinced that sustainability-relevant surface engineering has to be based on synchronised process and materials solutions, we will discuss processes and materials separately.</div><div>In terms of processes, we are going to describe the challenges of state-of-the-art technology, including energy and mass balances as well as product cycles. With respect to materials, the coating and process purity as well as chemical and microstructural complexity are discussed.</div><div>Such approaches are fully in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 <em>Responsible Consumption and Production</em>. We expect that the here discussed urgently needed pathways towards responsible surface engineering will become important for the surface engineering community and adopted within the near future. Responsible surface engineering includes the human behaviour and necessitates a change in mindset of materials scientists and process engineers. Hence, two main questions are critically evaluated in this perspective:<ul><li><span>1)</span><span><div>What are sustainability-relevant aspects of PVD processes and materials?</div></span></li><li><span>2)</span><span><div>Which pathways are available to move towards responsible surface engineering?</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131486"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to enhance the erosion-corrosion durability of monolithic ENP coating used on ductile cast iron. The ENP coating does not usually adhere well to the cast iron surface due to the special characteristics and innertness of the graphite sphere so an electrochemical surface pre-treatment containing a cathodic treatment was implemented to ensure proper adhesion of the coating to the surface. A slurry pot erosion-corrosion test was performed at a linear velocity of 10 m/s for 16 h, and it verified the efficacy of the treatment. Three different heat treatments were carried out on coated samples at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. The sample heat-treated at 600 °C exhibited a pseudo-passivation behavior and displayed the best corrosion resistance of 0.1407 μA/cm2. Nonetheless, in erosion-corrosion tests, it was outperformed by other coatings due to the removal of its oxide layer. The heat treatment at 400 °C resulted in the highest hardness of 871 Vickeres and the best erosion-corrosion resistance of 8.8 mpy compared to 11.74 mpy for the as-plated sample and 381.3 mpy for the cast iron substrate.
{"title":"Enhanced erosion-corrosion resistance of monolithic ENP coating on ductile cast iron by using electrochemical pretreatment and heat treatment","authors":"Hossein Kheirabadi , Saeed Reza Allahkaram , Arman Zarebidaki","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to enhance the erosion-corrosion durability of monolithic ENP coating used on ductile cast iron. The ENP coating does not usually adhere well to the cast iron surface due to the special characteristics and innertness of the graphite sphere so an electrochemical surface pre-treatment containing a cathodic treatment was implemented to ensure proper adhesion of the coating to the surface. A slurry pot erosion-corrosion test was performed at a linear velocity of 10 m/s for 16 h, and it verified the efficacy of the treatment. Three different heat treatments were carried out on coated samples at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. The sample heat-treated at 600 °C exhibited a pseudo-passivation behavior and displayed the best corrosion resistance of 0.1407 μA/cm2. Nonetheless, in erosion-corrosion tests, it was outperformed by other coatings due to the removal of its oxide layer. The heat treatment at 400 °C resulted in the highest hardness of 871 Vickeres and the best erosion-corrosion resistance of 8.8 mpy compared to 11.74 mpy for the as-plated sample and 381.3 mpy for the cast iron substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131537
Hong Cai , Hongxing Wang , Yan Zhang , Huafang Li , Bing Han , Jiayue Shang , Yinuo Zheng , Haitao Zhao
We prepared Zn/Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite films for guiding bone regeneration. The surface of Zn foil was modified by micro-arc oxidation, and the composite films with a sandwich structure were prepared using hot pressing method. The morphology, roughness, porosity, and pore size of Zn foil were investigated with the help of laser microscope and SEM. As a result, the rough and porous surface with the Sa value of 2.764±0.071 μm and porosity of 12.5±3.2 % provided a favorable structural basis for subsequent combination between Zn foil and PLA. While the value of Sa for the MAO-Zn/PLA40 composite film was 4.510±0.080 μm. The main component of the oxide layer was ZnO according to the XRD and XPS results. The tensile strength of MAO-Zn/PLA40 composite film increased by 17.7±0.6 % compared with that of Zn/PLA40 composite film. The interface energy decreased from −7.074 kcal/mol for Zn/PLA to −1433.430 kcal/mol for ZnO/PLA and the total energy level of ZnO/PLA composites shifted towards lower direction according to the density of state results. These results illustrated the enhanced interfacial bonding effect between the micro-arc oxide layer and PLA based on mechanical interlocking and electrostatic attraction. Additionally, micro-arc oxidation accelerated the degradation of Zn foil from initial 0.383±0.029 mm/year to 1.245±0.208 mm/year according to the electrochemical performances. This investigation provided an experimental basis and theoretical guidance for regulating the mechanical properties and degradation rate of this kind of membrane.
{"title":"Preparation and investigation of Zn foil/poly(lactic acid) composite films for guiding bone regeneration","authors":"Hong Cai , Hongxing Wang , Yan Zhang , Huafang Li , Bing Han , Jiayue Shang , Yinuo Zheng , Haitao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We prepared Zn/Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite films for guiding bone regeneration. The surface of Zn foil was modified by micro-arc oxidation, and the composite films with a sandwich structure were prepared using hot pressing method. The morphology, roughness, porosity, and pore size of Zn foil were investigated with the help of laser microscope and SEM. As a result, the rough and porous surface with the S<sub>a</sub> value of 2.764±0.071 μm and porosity of 12.5±3.2 % provided a favorable structural basis for subsequent combination between Zn foil and PLA. While the value of S<sub>a</sub> for the MAO-Zn/PLA40 composite film was 4.510±0.080 μm. The main component of the oxide layer was ZnO according to the XRD and XPS results. The tensile strength of MAO-Zn/PLA40 composite film increased by 17.7±0.6 % compared with that of Zn/PLA40 composite film. The interface energy decreased from −7.074 kcal/mol for Zn/PLA to −1433.430 kcal/mol for ZnO/PLA and the total energy level of ZnO/PLA composites shifted towards lower direction according to the density of state results. These results illustrated the enhanced interfacial bonding effect between the micro-arc oxide layer and PLA based on mechanical interlocking and electrostatic attraction. Additionally, micro-arc oxidation accelerated the degradation of Zn foil from initial 0.383±0.029 mm/year to 1.245±0.208 mm/year according to the electrochemical performances. This investigation provided an experimental basis and theoretical guidance for regulating the mechanical properties and degradation rate of this kind of membrane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131561
Ting Xue , Dongting Wu , Wei Gao , Mengfan Dou , Yingwen Cao , Yongang Zhang , Yong Zou
In this paper, atmospheric plasma spraying was used to produce YTaO4 thermal barrier coatings and 10 wt% Al2O3-YTaO4 thermal barrier coatings. The coatings were heated to temperatures of 1300 °C and 1600 °C, respectively. The corrosion resistance and mechanism of the coatings against CMAS corrosion at 1250 °C for 10 h and 50 h were then investigated. This study revealed that during CMAS thermal corrosion, the primary corrosion products were anorthite, apatite, and Ca2Ta2O7. Apatite and Ca2Ta2O7 formed a compact layer at the boundary between the reaction layer and the coating layer, effectively blocking CMAS melt infiltration in a downward direction. As the heated temperature increased, the volume expansion resulting from the phase transformation and the closure of pores and microcracks within the coating caused the coated surface to become denser. The corrosion rate of the coatings was reduced due to a reduction in grain boundaries and a lower concentration of defects in the grain boundary regions. This improved the resistance of coatings to CMAS thermal corrosion. The presence of Al2O3 facilitated the formation of anorthite in the CMAS melt. Excessive anorthite can form a thick network that hinders the penetration of the CMAS melt. Meanwhile, it increased the viscosity of the melt and reduced its ability to spread, resulting in a slower rate of penetration by the CMAS melt. This, in turn, improved the coatings' ability to withstand thermal corrosion caused by CMAS.
{"title":"Investigation of the CMAS thermal corrosion resistance of novel Al2O3/YTaO4 thermal barrier coatings","authors":"Ting Xue , Dongting Wu , Wei Gao , Mengfan Dou , Yingwen Cao , Yongang Zhang , Yong Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, atmospheric plasma spraying was used to produce YTaO<sub>4</sub> thermal barrier coatings and 10 wt% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-YTaO<sub>4</sub> thermal barrier coatings. The coatings were heated to temperatures of 1300 °C and 1600 °C, respectively. The corrosion resistance and mechanism of the coatings against CMAS corrosion at 1250 °C for 10 h and 50 h were then investigated. This study revealed that during CMAS thermal corrosion, the primary corrosion products were anorthite, apatite, and Ca<sub>2</sub>Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. Apatite and Ca<sub>2</sub>Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> formed a compact layer at the boundary between the reaction layer and the coating layer, effectively blocking CMAS melt infiltration in a downward direction. As the heated temperature increased, the volume expansion resulting from the phase transformation and the closure of pores and microcracks within the coating caused the coated surface to become denser. The corrosion rate of the coatings was reduced due to a reduction in grain boundaries and a lower concentration of defects in the grain boundary regions. This improved the resistance of coatings to CMAS thermal corrosion. The presence of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> facilitated the formation of anorthite in the CMAS melt. Excessive anorthite can form a thick network that hinders the penetration of the CMAS melt. Meanwhile, it increased the viscosity of the melt and reduced its ability to spread, resulting in a slower rate of penetration by the CMAS melt. This, in turn, improved the coatings' ability to withstand thermal corrosion caused by CMAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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