Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131313
Lintao Wu , Kaicheng Zhang , Zehua Zhou , Qinghan Hu , Guangyu Wang , Xin Zhang
Ocean engineering components are subjected to intense corrosion and abrasion. To address these challenges, the Fe-based amorphous composite coating was engineered for compatibility with these harsh conditions. The Fe-based amorphous composite coating, incorporating TiNx, demonstrated improved nanomechanical properties, offering enhanced resistance against external forces. The integration of TiNx acted as a structural backbone, limiting crack propagation within the amorphous matrix. Although the corrosion resistance of this composite coating was slightly reduced, it demonstrated improved durability subjected to hydraulic machinery corrosion abrasion working condition. Notably, under conditions of higher tribological pair speeds and increased sand concentrations, this composite coating exhibited significantly lower weight loss increase and reduced wear rates escalation compared to coatings made entirely from Fe-based amorphous material. Moreover, the composite coating exhibited diminished susceptibility to erosion damage, with reduced size and severity of erosion craters. These underlying mechanisms are thoroughly discussed in the paper.
海洋工程部件经受着强烈的腐蚀和磨损。为了应对这些挑战，我们设计了铁基非晶复合涂层，以适应这些恶劣条件。含 TiN 的铁基无定形复合涂层具有更好的纳米机械性能，可增强抗外力的能力。TiN 的加入起到了结构骨架的作用，限制了裂纹在非晶基体中的扩展。虽然这种复合涂层的耐腐蚀性略有降低，但在液压机械腐蚀磨损的工作条件下，其耐久性得到了提高。值得注意的是，与完全由铁基无定形材料制成的涂层相比，在摩擦副速度较高和砂浓度增加的条件下，这种复合涂层的重量损失增加明显较低，磨损率上升也有所降低。此外，复合涂层对侵蚀破坏的敏感性也有所降低，侵蚀坑的大小和严重程度都有所减少。本文对这些基本机制进行了深入探讨。
{"title":"Integrating TiNx to Fe-based amorphous coating by reactive plasma spray for ameliorating multi-scale mechanical behavior and corrosion-abrasion resistance","authors":"Lintao Wu , Kaicheng Zhang , Zehua Zhou , Qinghan Hu , Guangyu Wang , Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean engineering components are subjected to intense corrosion and abrasion. To address these challenges, the Fe-based amorphous composite coating was engineered for compatibility with these harsh conditions. The Fe-based amorphous composite coating, incorporating TiN<sub><em>x</em></sub>, demonstrated improved nanomechanical properties, offering enhanced resistance against external forces. The integration of TiN<sub><em>x</em></sub> acted as a structural backbone, limiting crack propagation within the amorphous matrix. Although the corrosion resistance of this composite coating was slightly reduced, it demonstrated improved durability subjected to hydraulic machinery corrosion abrasion working condition. Notably, under conditions of higher tribological pair speeds and increased sand concentrations, this composite coating exhibited significantly lower weight loss increase and reduced wear rates escalation compared to coatings made entirely from Fe-based amorphous material. Moreover, the composite coating exhibited diminished susceptibility to erosion damage, with reduced size and severity of erosion craters. These underlying mechanisms are thoroughly discussed in the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131300
Shuo Liu, Peng Chen, Tai Yang, Chaoqun Xia, Chunyong Liang, Ning Liu
Magnesium metal is a promising material for medical applications due to its biocompatibility and similar modulus of elasticity to human bone. However, its complex corrosion process must be addressed before it can be used clinically to match post-implantation tissue repair. This study aims to regulate material degradation by utilizing laser surface treatment. The surface of pure magnesium was modified using nanosecond and femtosecond laser methods to create various micro-nanostructures, such as chain, streak, column, and groove structures. Surface roughness and wettability tests revealed that the groove structures had higher roughness values. All structures exhibited hydrophilicity, but the femtosecond laser-generated structures were more hydrophilic. Electrochemical tests and immersion experiments demonstrated that femtosecond laser modification significantly improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium metal compared to polished samples. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that the laser-treated magnesium was not cytotoxic. Based on the results, we constructed various structures on the magnesium rods in different regions. As a result, the rods exhibited multi-stage biodegradation behavior in simulated body fluids (SBF). This study presents a novel approach to controlling the degradation sequence of medical metals.
{"title":"Laser-zoned treatment of magnesium surfaces with predictable degradation applications","authors":"Shuo Liu, Peng Chen, Tai Yang, Chaoqun Xia, Chunyong Liang, Ning Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium metal is a promising material for medical applications due to its biocompatibility and similar modulus of elasticity to human bone. However, its complex corrosion process must be addressed before it can be used clinically to match post-implantation tissue repair. This study aims to regulate material degradation by utilizing laser surface treatment. The surface of pure magnesium was modified using nanosecond and femtosecond laser methods to create various micro-nanostructures, such as chain, streak, column, and groove structures. Surface roughness and wettability tests revealed that the groove structures had higher roughness values. All structures exhibited hydrophilicity, but the femtosecond laser-generated structures were more hydrophilic. Electrochemical tests and immersion experiments demonstrated that femtosecond laser modification significantly improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium metal compared to polished samples. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that the laser-treated magnesium was not cytotoxic. Based on the results, we constructed various structures on the magnesium rods in different regions. As a result, the rods exhibited multi-stage biodegradation behavior in simulated body fluids (SBF). This study presents a novel approach to controlling the degradation sequence of medical metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131474
Tuo Wang , Yating Zhou , Yuxi Song , Xiaoming Chen , Wei Liu
In this paper, a high temperature and amorphous alloy coating of Co26Cr26Mo26Nb7B15 was prepared by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying. The phase structure, thermodynamic properties, hardness, friction and wear behaviors, and corrosion behavior and its mechanism were studied. The results showed that the glass transition temperature of the coating reached to 1058 K, and the hardness was as high as 1589.4 HV. The amorphous alloy coating of Co26Cr26Mo26Nb7B15 exhibited excellent wear resistance. Its friction coefficient was only 0.1152, which was about 25 % of 316 stainless steel, and the wear volume was only 0.1338 mm3. Additionally, the coating presented excellent corrosion resistance in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution, with the corrosion current density of 1.04 × 10−5 A·cm−2, and corrosion voltage of −0.32 V vs SCE.
本文采用高速纯氧喷涂技术制备了 Co26Cr26Mo26Nb7B15 高温非晶合金涂层。研究了涂层的相结构、热力学性质、硬度、摩擦磨损行为、腐蚀行为及其机理。结果表明，涂层的玻璃化转变温度达到 1058 K，硬度高达 1589.4 HV。Co26Cr26Mo26Nb7B15 非晶合金涂层具有优异的耐磨性。其摩擦系数仅为 0.1152，约为 316 不锈钢的 25%，磨损体积仅为 0.1338 立方毫米。此外，该涂层在 1 M 盐酸溶液中具有优异的耐腐蚀性，腐蚀电流密度为 1.04 × 10-5 A-cm-2，腐蚀电压为 -0.32 V vs SCE。
{"title":"Preparation and properties of ultra-high hardness Co-Cr-Mo-Nb-B high-temperature amorphous alloy coating","authors":"Tuo Wang , Yating Zhou , Yuxi Song , Xiaoming Chen , Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a high temperature and amorphous alloy coating of Co<sub>26</sub>Cr<sub>26</sub>Mo<sub>26</sub>Nb<sub>7</sub>B<sub>15</sub> was prepared by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying. The phase structure, thermodynamic properties, hardness, friction and wear behaviors, and corrosion behavior and its mechanism were studied. The results showed that the glass transition temperature of the coating reached to 1058 K, and the hardness was as high as 1589.4 HV. The amorphous alloy coating of Co<sub>26</sub>Cr<sub>26</sub>Mo<sub>26</sub>Nb<sub>7</sub>B<sub>15</sub> exhibited excellent wear resistance. Its friction coefficient was only 0.1152, which was about 25 % of 316 stainless steel, and the wear volume was only 0.1338 mm<sup>3</sup>. Additionally, the coating presented excellent corrosion resistance in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution, with the corrosion current density of 1.04 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup>, and corrosion voltage of −0.32 V vs SCE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131474"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131471
Xinrui Zhao , Yuanzhe Chen , Ruonan Ji , Mingliang Xu , Zhiyun Ye , Wentao Shao , Shuqi Wang , Yongchun Zou , Yaming Wang , Jiahu Ouyang , Dechang Jia , Yu Zhou
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is recognized for its promising application prospects in anti-friction and corrosion resistance due to its self-lubrication and excellent impermeability to gases and liquids. In this study, the TiO2-hBN nanocomposite coatings are prepared via the liquid plasma-assisted particle deposition sintering (LPDS) technology, enabling compact and uniform growth of hBN on the Ti6Al4V surface. Results indicate that the dense and stable plasma at the coating/electrolyte interface facilitates the deposition and sintering of hBN particles, effectively filling surface defects and achieving a coating density of 86.7 %. The friction coefficient of the TiO2-hBN nanocomposite coating significantly decreases from 0.54 (titanium alloy) to 0.28, remaining stable even after 2000 sliding cycles. Compared to the substrate, the wear rate (4.3 × 10−4 mm3N−1 m−1) of nanocomposite coating drops by 70.8 %, which is primarily attributed to the self-lubricating property of hBN, reducing the frictional shear stress. Moreover, the TiO2-hBN nanocomposite coating also has excellent corrosion resistance due to the hBN sheet filling internal defects and inhibiting the corrosion reaction. All these merits render the LPDS technology competitive in expanding the severe service conditions of titanium alloys in aerospace and marine engineering equipment.
{"title":"TiO2-hBN nanocomposite coating with excellent wear and corrosion resistance on Ti6Al4V alloy prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation","authors":"Xinrui Zhao , Yuanzhe Chen , Ruonan Ji , Mingliang Xu , Zhiyun Ye , Wentao Shao , Shuqi Wang , Yongchun Zou , Yaming Wang , Jiahu Ouyang , Dechang Jia , Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is recognized for its promising application prospects in anti-friction and corrosion resistance due to its self-lubrication and excellent impermeability to gases and liquids. In this study, the TiO<sub>2</sub>-hBN nanocomposite coatings are prepared via the liquid plasma-assisted particle deposition sintering (LPDS) technology, enabling compact and uniform growth of hBN on the Ti6Al4V surface. Results indicate that the dense and stable plasma at the coating/electrolyte interface facilitates the deposition and sintering of hBN particles, effectively filling surface defects and achieving a coating density of 86.7 %. The friction coefficient of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-hBN nanocomposite coating significantly decreases from 0.54 (titanium alloy) to 0.28, remaining stable even after 2000 sliding cycles. Compared to the substrate, the wear rate (4.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>N<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−1</sup>) of nanocomposite coating drops by 70.8 %, which is primarily attributed to the self-lubricating property of hBN, reducing the frictional shear stress. Moreover, the TiO<sub>2</sub>-hBN nanocomposite coating also has excellent corrosion resistance due to the hBN sheet filling internal defects and inhibiting the corrosion reaction. All these merits render the LPDS technology competitive in expanding the severe service conditions of titanium alloys in aerospace and marine engineering equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131471"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131440
P.J. Pérez-Diaz , Y. Esqueda-Barrón , J.M. Baas-López , A.K. Cuentas-Gallegos , D.E. Pacheco-Catalán
In this study, we report the synthesis of manganese oxide (MnxOy) thin films on stainless steel, silicon, and borosilicate glass substrates via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using Mn(thd)3 and O3 as precursor and reactive gas, respectively. Deposition was achieved at a low temperature of 300 °C under atmospheric pressure, offering a cost-effective and scalable alternative to traditional high-vacuum CVD methods. The films displayed excellent adhesion and reproducibility, with substrate-dependent variations in film coloration, crystal phases, and morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 phases, with Mn3O4 predominating on stainless steel and silicon, while Mn2O3 was more prominent on glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed granular structures with uniform grain sizes, particularly on stainless steel substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed Mn2+ and Mn3+ oxidation states, consistent with the phase distribution observed by XRD and Raman analysis. This work demonstrates the potential of AP-CVD for scalable manganese oxide thin-film synthesis, particularly for energy storage applications, where Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 can serve as precursors to δ-MnO2 in supercapacitors. The method's simplicity, combined with the high-quality films produced, makes it a promising approach for future research and industrial-scale applications.
{"title":"Synthesis of manganese oxide thin films deposited on different substrates via atmospheric pressure-CVD","authors":"P.J. Pérez-Diaz , Y. Esqueda-Barrón , J.M. Baas-López , A.K. Cuentas-Gallegos , D.E. Pacheco-Catalán","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report the synthesis of manganese oxide (Mn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>) thin films on stainless steel, silicon, and borosilicate glass substrates via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using Mn(thd)<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> as precursor and reactive gas, respectively. Deposition was achieved at a low temperature of 300 °C under atmospheric pressure, offering a cost-effective and scalable alternative to traditional high-vacuum CVD methods. The films displayed excellent adhesion and reproducibility, with substrate-dependent variations in film coloration, crystal phases, and morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phases, with Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> predominating on stainless steel and silicon, while Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was more prominent on glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed granular structures with uniform grain sizes, particularly on stainless steel substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed Mn<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>3+</sup> oxidation states, consistent with the phase distribution observed by XRD and Raman analysis. This work demonstrates the potential of AP-CVD for scalable manganese oxide thin-film synthesis, particularly for energy storage applications, where Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can serve as precursors to δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> in supercapacitors. The method's simplicity, combined with the high-quality films produced, makes it a promising approach for future research and industrial-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131439
Fanyong Zhang , Liangquan Wang , Hongshu Jin , Senlong He , Ying Luo , Detao Zhang , Fuxing Yin
High entropy alloy (HEA) coatings of equimolar AlCoCrFeNi typically exhibit a lower oxidation rate at high temperatures by forming a protective passivation film. However, the metal elements consumption during long-term oxidation limitted the application. In this work, AlCoCrFeNi HEA coatings doped by AlSi as a supplement to passivation elements were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), and AlSi capsules were diffused uniformly into the coating through annealing treatment to offset the element consumption during high-temperature oxidation. Results showed that annealing promoted Al and Si atoms diffusing into the solid solution, which stabilized BCC and inhibited FCC formation. During the oxidation at 900 °C, a protective Al2O3 film was formed on the coating surface, and AlSi capsules continuously transported Al ions to the consumption zone and reduced oxidation rate to 0.0015 g/cm2. The HEA coating doped by passivation element capsules provided a new approach for the design of novel antioxidant coatings.
等摩尔铝钴铬铁镍高熵合金（HEA）涂层通过形成保护性钝化膜，在高温下通常具有较低的氧化率。然而，长期氧化过程中金属元素的消耗限制了其应用。在这项工作中，通过大气等离子喷涂（APS）制备了掺杂 AlSi 作为钝化元素补充的 AlCoCrFeNi HEA 涂层，并通过退火处理将 AlSi 胶囊均匀扩散到涂层中，以抵消高温氧化过程中的元素消耗。结果表明，退火促进了 Al 原子和 Si 原子扩散到固溶体中，从而稳定了 BCC 并抑制了 FCC 的形成。在 900 °C 的氧化过程中，涂层表面形成了一层 Al2O3 保护膜，AlSi 胶囊不断将 Al 离子输送到消耗区，并将氧化率降低到 0.0015 g/cm2。掺杂了钝化元素胶囊的 HEA 涂层为新型抗氧化涂层的设计提供了一种新方法。
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed AlSi-doped AlCoCrFeNi coatings with post-annealing","authors":"Fanyong Zhang , Liangquan Wang , Hongshu Jin , Senlong He , Ying Luo , Detao Zhang , Fuxing Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloy (HEA) coatings of equimolar AlCoCrFeNi typically exhibit a lower oxidation rate at high temperatures by forming a protective passivation film. However, the metal elements consumption during long-term oxidation limitted the application. In this work, AlCoCrFeNi HEA coatings doped by AlSi as a supplement to passivation elements were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), and AlSi capsules were diffused uniformly into the coating through annealing treatment to offset the element consumption during high-temperature oxidation. Results showed that annealing promoted Al and Si atoms diffusing into the solid solution, which stabilized BCC and inhibited FCC formation. During the oxidation at 900 °C, a protective Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film was formed on the coating surface, and AlSi capsules continuously transported Al ions to the consumption zone and reduced oxidation rate to 0.0015 g/cm<sup>2</sup>. The HEA coating doped by passivation element capsules provided a new approach for the design of novel antioxidant coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131439"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The attainment of uniform anodic dissolution in dendritic-structured refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) during the electropolishing process is essential for their utilization in high-precision components. Nevertheless, the intricate microstructures of these materials impede uniform dissolution, resulting in suboptimal surface quality. In this work, based on a choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent and suitable polarization parameters selected by linear scanning voltammetry, a split electrolytic cell (SEC) was proposed to alter the traditional integrated electrolytic cell (IEC) to enhance the anodic dissolution uniformity of dendritic-structured RHEAs. A much smoother surface with Ra of 0.233 μm and a smaller height discrepancy of 0.8 μm was obtained, compared to those processed in IEC at the same condition. The non-uniform anodic dissolution was mainly attributed to the cathode-forming (hydroxide ion (OH−), dissolution of tungsten (W) in the dendrite region under the attack by OH−, and the formation of by-product, i.e., the water molecule. The positive impact of SEC on dissolution uniformity could be ascribed to its role in inhibiting OH− from interacting with the anode, as well as to the enhancement of solution acidity on the anode side, which facilitated the dissolution of metal oxides. The suggested reaction pathway was subsequently validated through experiments with controlled water concentration and assessing of electrochemical kinetics. Finally, the effects of SEC under different parameters were demonstrated. This work provides valuable insight into the precise, micro/nanoscale manufacturing and green electrochemical surface finishing of RHEAs in the future.
{"title":"Enhancing the anodic dissolution uniformity of dendritic-structured refractory high entropy alloys using a split electrolytic cell with a deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Jiayao Chen , Shunhua Chen , Junsheng Zhang , Xiaokang Yue , Huohong Tang , Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The attainment of uniform anodic dissolution in dendritic-structured refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) during the electropolishing process is essential for their utilization in high-precision components. Nevertheless, the intricate microstructures of these materials impede uniform dissolution, resulting in suboptimal surface quality. In this work, based on a choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent and suitable polarization parameters selected by linear scanning voltammetry, a split electrolytic cell (SEC) was proposed to alter the traditional integrated electrolytic cell (IEC) to enhance the anodic dissolution uniformity of dendritic-structured RHEAs. A much smoother surface with Ra of 0.233 μm and a smaller height discrepancy of 0.8 μm was obtained, compared to those processed in IEC at the same condition. The non-uniform anodic dissolution was mainly attributed to the cathode-forming (hydroxide ion (OH<sup>−</sup>), dissolution of tungsten (W) in the dendrite region under the attack by OH<sup>−</sup>, and the formation of by-product, i.e., the water molecule. The positive impact of SEC on dissolution uniformity could be ascribed to its role in inhibiting OH<sup>−</sup> from interacting with the anode, as well as to the enhancement of solution acidity on the anode side, which facilitated the dissolution of metal oxides. The suggested reaction pathway was subsequently validated through experiments with controlled water concentration and assessing of electrochemical kinetics. Finally, the effects of SEC under different parameters were demonstrated. This work provides valuable insight into the precise, micro/nanoscale manufacturing and green electrochemical surface finishing of RHEAs in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131460"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131449
D. Vavassori , L. Bana , M. Bugatti , G. Marra , V. Pinto , D. Dellasega , M. Iafrati , M. Passoni
Pure‑tungsten and tungsten-aluminium films deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) on copper‑chromium‑zirconium substrates were investigated as protective coatings against liquid tin corrosion, a critical issue for nuclear fusion applications. The growth of pure‑tungsten coatings was controlled by using a negative substrate bias synchronized to the HiPIMS pulse onset, resulting in columnar films with various degree of compactness and crystallinity according to the set bias amplitude (0, 400 and 800 V). Differently, the co-sputtering of W and Al favored the formation of an amorphous layer with a compact morphology. During liquid tin corrosion experiments at 400 °C for up to 600 min, all produced coatings were not dissolved, but different protective performances were observed after localized liquid tin interaction. Pure-W coated samples suffered from tin penetration after brittle failure of the protective layer. On the contrary, under the same experimental condition, WAl coatings proved to be effective in limiting liquid tin attack.
{"title":"Corrosion resistance of HiPIMS tungsten and tungsten-aluminium coatings in contact with liquid Sn","authors":"D. Vavassori , L. Bana , M. Bugatti , G. Marra , V. Pinto , D. Dellasega , M. Iafrati , M. Passoni","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pure‑tungsten and tungsten-aluminium films deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) on copper‑chromium‑zirconium substrates were investigated as protective coatings against liquid tin corrosion, a critical issue for nuclear fusion applications. The growth of pure‑tungsten coatings was controlled by using a negative substrate bias synchronized to the HiPIMS pulse onset, resulting in columnar films with various degree of compactness and crystallinity according to the set bias amplitude (0, 400 and 800 V). Differently, the co-sputtering of W and Al favored the formation of an amorphous layer with a compact morphology. During liquid tin corrosion experiments at 400 °C for up to 600 min, all produced coatings were not dissolved, but different protective performances were observed after localized liquid tin interaction. Pure-W coated samples suffered from tin penetration after brittle failure of the protective layer. On the contrary, under the same experimental condition, W<img>Al coatings proved to be effective in limiting liquid tin attack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131451
Xu Liu, Li Meng, Xiaoyan Zeng, Beibei Zhu, Jiaming Cao, Kaiwen Wei, Qianwu Hu
The high power laser cladding (HPLC) process with laser power of 15 kW was used for the first time to fabricate 17-4PH alloy coatings. The build rate of the HPLC process reached 272 mm3/s, markedly surpassing that of conventional low power laser cladding process (≤85 mm3/s). Subsequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings at different aging temperatures (300–550 °C) was characterized. Moreover, with increasing aging temperature, the hardness, strength and plasticity of 17-4PH coting initially ascend before descending. At 480 °C, due to the remarkably high martensite content and the optimal synergy between the size and quantity of ε-Cu precipitates, the break elongation (19.5 ± 0.5 %) achieved its zenith, which is at the highest level in existing reports. The hardness (436 ± 5 HV) and ultimate tensile strength (1218 ± 8 MPa) have also reached the level of low power laser cladding process. Finally, the results of the cavitation erosion resistance (CER) testing indicate that the CER of the 17-4PH coating aged at 480 °C in deionized water is 2.4 times that of the 0Cr13Ni5Mo substrate. High hardness and elastic-plastic capability of the 17-4PH coating are the key factors for higher CER than the substrate. The 17-4PH coatings crafted by HPLC not only has higher efficiency, but also obtains remarkable mechanical performance and CER, which may provide a promising solution for surface strengthening or repair of hydroelectric power equipment such as Pelton runners.
{"title":"Study on the microstructure, mechanical properties and cavitation erosion resistance of 17-4PH alloy coatings fabricated by high power laser cladding","authors":"Xu Liu, Li Meng, Xiaoyan Zeng, Beibei Zhu, Jiaming Cao, Kaiwen Wei, Qianwu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high power laser cladding (HPLC) process with laser power of 15 kW was used for the first time to fabricate 17-4PH alloy coatings. The build rate of the HPLC process reached 272 mm<sup>3</sup>/s, markedly surpassing that of conventional low power laser cladding process (≤85 mm<sup>3</sup>/s). Subsequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings at different aging temperatures (300–550 °C) was characterized. Moreover, with increasing aging temperature, the hardness, strength and plasticity of 17-4PH coting initially ascend before descending. At 480 °C, due to the remarkably high martensite content and the optimal synergy between the size and quantity of ε-Cu precipitates, the break elongation (19.5 ± 0.5 %) achieved its zenith, which is at the highest level in existing reports. The hardness (436 ± 5 HV) and ultimate tensile strength (1218 ± 8 MPa) have also reached the level of low power laser cladding process. Finally, the results of the cavitation erosion resistance (CER) testing indicate that the CER of the 17-4PH coating aged at 480 °C in deionized water is 2.4 times that of the 0Cr13Ni5Mo substrate. High hardness and elastic-plastic capability of the 17-4PH coating are the key factors for higher CER than the substrate. The 17-4PH coatings crafted by HPLC not only has higher efficiency, but also obtains remarkable mechanical performance and CER, which may provide a promising solution for surface strengthening or repair of hydroelectric power equipment such as Pelton runners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorinated polymers (PVDF) are widely used due to their pre-ignition reaction with Al2O3 to improve the combustion of Al. In this study, a homogeneous PVDF coating layer was constructed on the surface of Al–Zn alloys by solvent evaporation, and Al-Zn@PVDF composites with “two-way tunneling” function during thermal decomposition and combustion were prepared. The constructed PVDF coating layer can react with Al2O3 to destroy the protective layer and promote the oxidation and combustion of Al–Zn from the outside to the inside. At the same time, the energy provided by the Al-Zn@PVDF during the ignition and combustion process also promotes the melting and vaporization of Zn, which achieves the rapid and full combustion of Al–Zn alloy from the inside to outside. The “ two-way tunneling” function of Al-Zn@PVDF composites significantly improves the combustion performance, resulting in a maximum combustion temperature of 1346.9 °C for Al-Zn@PVDF-40 % and a minimum combustion duration of 1.39 s for Al-Zn@PVDF-30 %, which is a significant improvement in combustion performance. The good chemical stability of PVDF also improves the hydrophobicity of Al–Zn and enhances its applicability. In conclusion, the construction of composites with “two-way tunneling” function first proposed in this study can significantly improve the thermal decomposition and combustion properties of Al–Zn, which is expected to further facilitate its application in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics.
{"title":"Enhanced combustion performance of Al–Zn alloys with property optimization inspired by “two-way tunneling” strategy","authors":"Kaige Guo , Yong Kou , Mingxing Zhang , Pengfei Wu , Qian Huang , Jingwei Li , Yuxin Jia , Chenguang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorinated polymers (PVDF) are widely used due to their pre-ignition reaction with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to improve the combustion of Al. In this study, a homogeneous PVDF coating layer was constructed on the surface of Al–Zn alloys by solvent evaporation, and Al-Zn@PVDF composites with “two-way tunneling” function during thermal decomposition and combustion were prepared. The constructed PVDF coating layer can react with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to destroy the protective layer and promote the oxidation and combustion of Al–Zn from the outside to the inside. At the same time, the energy provided by the Al-Zn@PVDF during the ignition and combustion process also promotes the melting and vaporization of Zn, which achieves the rapid and full combustion of Al–Zn alloy from the inside to outside. The “ two-way tunneling” function of Al-Zn@PVDF composites significantly improves the combustion performance, resulting in a maximum combustion temperature of 1346.9 °C for Al-Zn@PVDF-40 % and a minimum combustion duration of 1.39 s for Al-Zn@PVDF-30 %, which is a significant improvement in combustion performance. The good chemical stability of PVDF also improves the hydrophobicity of Al–Zn and enhances its applicability. In conclusion, the construction of composites with “two-way tunneling” function first proposed in this study can significantly improve the thermal decomposition and combustion properties of Al–Zn, which is expected to further facilitate its application in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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