Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131488
Zhigao Ma , Bingyan Jiang , Dietmar Drummer , Lu Zhang
An electrolyte solution incorporating sodium saccharin and an alkynyl compound was provided to electroform Ni-P-PTFE mold inserts with both low internal stress and good self-lubricating properties. The results showed that with 5 g·L−1 sodium saccharin and 1 mL·L−1 alkynyl compound, the internal stress reached a minimum of −114 MPa, an 82 % reduction from the −646 MPa observed without additives. The presence of sodium saccharin and alkynyl compound in the electrolyte solution reduced the hydrogen evolution reaction current from 15.2 to 12.9 mA at the operating cathode potential of −1 V and decreased the RTC(111) from 100 % to 90 %. The reduction of internal stress in the electrodeposited Ni-P-PTFE composites was attributed to the decreased hydrogenation strain, diminished Ni (111) texture intensity, and the partial incorporation of alkynyl compound reaction products into the deposits, which weakened the connections between crystallites. Finally, 5 g·L−1 sodium saccharin and 1 mL·L−1 alkynyl compound was applied to electroform Ni-P-PTFE mold insert with micro features. Only slightly pile-up defects at the corner of grooves were observed on the polymer chips demolded from Ni-P-PTFE mold insert, demonstrating its good self-lubricating property.
{"title":"Composite electroforming of precision Ni-P-PTFE mold inserts with low internal stress and self-lubricating properties","authors":"Zhigao Ma , Bingyan Jiang , Dietmar Drummer , Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An electrolyte solution incorporating sodium saccharin and an alkynyl compound was provided to electroform Ni-P-PTFE mold inserts with both low internal stress and good self-lubricating properties. The results showed that with 5 g·L<sup>−1</sup> sodium saccharin and 1 mL·L<sup>−1</sup> alkynyl compound, the internal stress reached a minimum of −114 MPa, an 82 % reduction from the −646 MPa observed without additives. The presence of sodium saccharin and alkynyl compound in the electrolyte solution reduced the hydrogen evolution reaction current from 15.2 to 12.9 mA at the operating cathode potential of −1 V and decreased the RTC<sub>(111)</sub> from 100 % to 90 %. The reduction of internal stress in the electrodeposited Ni-P-PTFE composites was attributed to the decreased hydrogenation strain, diminished Ni (111) texture intensity, and the partial incorporation of alkynyl compound reaction products into the deposits, which weakened the connections between crystallites. Finally, 5 g·L<sup>−1</sup> sodium saccharin and 1 mL·L<sup>−1</sup> alkynyl compound was applied to electroform Ni-P-PTFE mold insert with micro features. Only slightly pile-up defects at the corner of grooves were observed on the polymer chips demolded from Ni-P-PTFE mold insert, demonstrating its good self-lubricating property.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131508
Qixiang Zhan , Shuhua Deng , Jiayi He , Jinhua Xu , Anfu Chen , Jiajun Luo , Wenjie Zhang , Caihong Lei
The elasticity mismatch between Ti and tissue limits the performance of Ti medical devices. How to create a coating with mimicking natural soft tissue stiffness and possessing strong mechanical bond is a challenge in implant manufacturing. Here, we developed a combined coating, that is, an anodized Ti surface (ATS) with nanostructures coated with a layer of PAAm hydrogel with tunable elasticity. Due to the nano-mechanical interlocking and hydrogen bonding synergy, the PAAm hydrogel layer was tightly anchored in nanostructures on the ATS. By regulating the oxidation voltage, nanostructures including nanopores, nanotubes, and punch-through nanotubes were fabricated on the ATS, and these three kinds of anodized nanostructures increase the porosity of the ATS sequentially. The lap shear test has shown that the shear strength increases linearly with increasing the porosity, and the shear strength of the punch-through nanotube structures with the PAAm hydrogel coating reaches 59.28 kPa. The adhesion mechanism between the anodized Ti nanostructures and the PAAm hydrogel coating is mainly due to the nano-mechanical interlocking and hydrogen bonding synergy, which was proven by morphology analysis, XRD, and ATR-FTIR characterization of the samples subjected to lap shear load. The hydrogel-nanostructures coating has demonstrated the potential to be applied in Ti medical devices.
{"title":"A coating with hydrogel@nanostructure on Ti surfaces via controllable Nano-mechanical interlocking","authors":"Qixiang Zhan , Shuhua Deng , Jiayi He , Jinhua Xu , Anfu Chen , Jiajun Luo , Wenjie Zhang , Caihong Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elasticity mismatch between Ti and tissue limits the performance of Ti medical devices. How to create a coating with mimicking natural soft tissue stiffness and possessing strong mechanical bond is a challenge in implant manufacturing. Here, we developed a combined coating, that is, an anodized Ti surface (ATS) with nanostructures coated with a layer of PAAm hydrogel with tunable elasticity. Due to the nano-mechanical interlocking and hydrogen bonding synergy, the PAAm hydrogel layer was tightly anchored in nanostructures on the ATS. By regulating the oxidation voltage, nanostructures including nanopores, nanotubes, and punch-through nanotubes were fabricated on the ATS, and these three kinds of anodized nanostructures increase the porosity of the ATS sequentially. The lap shear test has shown that the shear strength increases linearly with increasing the porosity, and the shear strength of the punch-through nanotube structures with the PAAm hydrogel coating reaches 59.28 kPa. The adhesion mechanism between the anodized Ti nanostructures and the PAAm hydrogel coating is mainly due to the nano-mechanical interlocking and hydrogen bonding synergy, which was proven by morphology analysis, XRD, and ATR-FTIR characterization of the samples subjected to lap shear load. The hydrogel-nanostructures coating has demonstrated the potential to be applied in Ti medical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131438
Ruonan Ji , Shuqi Wang , Xinrui Zhao , Yongchun Zou , Tianyi Zhang , Xin Qian , Guoliang Chen , Yaming Wang , Jiahu Ouyang , Dechang Jia , Yu Zhou
The harsh conditions encountered in aerospace applications, such as high operational temperatures, abrasive wear, and corrosive substances, present significant challenges to the performance and longevity of magnesium alloy components. To create a coating with superior wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high emissivity, this study employs plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology to develop a nanocomposite coating doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The results demonstrate that the MgO-BN/CNTs coating with an emissivity of 0.82 reduces the equilibrium temperature of the 5 W LED junction by nearly 10 °C compared to the magnesium alloy substrate, showing improved radiative heat dissipation performance. Due to the ability of the porous structure to accommodate abrasive particles, coupled with the lubricating effect of h-BN and CNTs, the friction coefficient of the MgO-BN/CNTs coating is 0.57, which is 21 % lower than that of the MgO coating. Additionally, the coating exhibits excellent corrosion protection, attributed to the dense microstructure and chemical inertness of h-BN. The findings demonstrate that the strategic incorporation of h-BN and CNTs into PEO coatings effectively improves the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal management performance of magnesium alloys.
{"title":"Enhanced wear resistance, corrosion behavior, and thermal management in magnesium alloys with PEO coatings","authors":"Ruonan Ji , Shuqi Wang , Xinrui Zhao , Yongchun Zou , Tianyi Zhang , Xin Qian , Guoliang Chen , Yaming Wang , Jiahu Ouyang , Dechang Jia , Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The harsh conditions encountered in aerospace applications, such as high operational temperatures, abrasive wear, and corrosive substances, present significant challenges to the performance and longevity of magnesium alloy components. To create a coating with superior wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high emissivity, this study employs plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology to develop a nanocomposite coating doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The results demonstrate that the MgO-BN/CNTs coating with an emissivity of 0.82 reduces the equilibrium temperature of the 5 W LED junction by nearly 10 °C compared to the magnesium alloy substrate, showing improved radiative heat dissipation performance. Due to the ability of the porous structure to accommodate abrasive particles, coupled with the lubricating effect of h-BN and CNTs, the friction coefficient of the MgO-BN/CNTs coating is 0.57, which is 21 % lower than that of the MgO coating. Additionally, the coating exhibits excellent corrosion protection, attributed to the dense microstructure and chemical inertness of h-BN. The findings demonstrate that the strategic incorporation of h-BN and CNTs into PEO coatings effectively improves the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal management performance of magnesium alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131481
Ranbir Kumar , Deep Shikha , Sanjay Kumar Sinha
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a common hard tissue implant material known for its superior biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, its poor mechanical strength, brittleness and slow degradation limit the applications. This study explores the enhancement of HAP mechanical properties and bioactivity by coating 3 wt% manganese-doped HAP (Mn-HAP) on another inert biomaterial alumina (Mn-HAP/Al2O3) substrates using the RF magnetron sputtering technique. Characterization of these samples was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Mechanical property was assessed through Vicker's hardness and adhesion of the film was studied by scratch testing. Corrosion resistance was evaluated using Tafel plots in Ringer's solution by Electrochemical analyser (ECA), and dielectric properties were measured using Impedance analyser. Biocompatibility was examined by wettability tests, thrombogenicity, antioxidant test, antimicrobial investigation and MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The results show that Mn-HAP/Al2O3 coatings exhibit superior properties as compared to pure HAP, alumina, and HAP/Al2O3. Mn-HAP showed enhanced crystallinity and grain refinement, leading to improved hardness of 1198 HV for Mn-HAP/Al2O3 as compared to 39.84 HV for pure HAP and 1028 HV for HAP/Al2O3. The friction coefficient was found to be best in the Mn-HAP/Al2O3 sample. Corrosion rate significantly decreases in Mn-HAP/Al2O3 (1.63 0.28) mmpy after coating on alumina. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation after Mn-HAP coating on alumina. Antimicrobial tests revealed improved resistance against E. coli and S. aureus, with Mn-HAP/Al2O3 showing a larger zone of inhibition. The study concludes that 3 wt% Mn-HAP coatings deposited by RF magnetron sputtering hold great promise for enhancing the performance and longevity of hard tissue implants, paving the way for advanced biomedical applications.
{"title":"Improvement in bioactivity, hardness and friction resistance of 3 % manganese-doped hydroxyapatite coated on alumina using radio frequency magnetron sputtering","authors":"Ranbir Kumar , Deep Shikha , Sanjay Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a common hard tissue implant material known for its superior biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, its poor mechanical strength, brittleness and slow degradation limit the applications. This study explores the enhancement of HAP mechanical properties and bioactivity by coating 3 wt% manganese-doped HAP (Mn-HAP) on another inert biomaterial alumina (Mn-HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) substrates using the RF magnetron sputtering technique. Characterization of these samples was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Mechanical property was assessed through Vicker's hardness and adhesion of the film was studied by scratch testing. Corrosion resistance was evaluated using Tafel plots in Ringer's solution by Electrochemical analyser (ECA), and dielectric properties were measured using Impedance analyser. Biocompatibility was examined by wettability tests, thrombogenicity, antioxidant test, antimicrobial investigation and MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The results show that Mn-HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coatings exhibit superior properties as compared to pure HAP, alumina, and HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Mn-HAP showed enhanced crystallinity and grain refinement, leading to improved hardness of 1198 HV for Mn-HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as compared to 39.84 HV for pure HAP and 1028 HV for HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The friction coefficient was found to be best in the Mn-HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sample. Corrosion rate significantly decreases in Mn-HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1.63 <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.28) mmpy after coating on alumina. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation after Mn-HAP coating on alumina. Antimicrobial tests revealed improved resistance against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, with Mn-HAP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> showing a larger zone of inhibition. The study concludes that 3 wt% Mn-HAP coatings deposited by RF magnetron sputtering hold great promise for enhancing the performance and longevity of hard tissue implants, paving the way for advanced biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the influence of high-energy laser shock peening (LSP) using 7 J and 10 J pulse energies on the sub-surface deformation characteristics of Inconel 718 superalloy. High-magnitude compressive residual stresses were induced into the samples after LSP with large residual stress depths of the order of 2 mm – the experimental observations were in good agreement with finite element analyses of the LSP process. The propagation of intense shock waves led to increased strain hardening and dislocation densities that were experimentally quantified by synchrotron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Microscopic analyses revealed highly refined grain structure only at the surface without much refinement observed in the residual depth region. Alongside a high degree of strain hardening, profuse amount of adiabatic shear bands was observed in the hardened depth, indicative of simultaneous strain localisation under such high laser pulse energy. These bands occurred along common slip planes in the Ni γ-matrix and could be potential areas of instability leading to failure. The LSP-treated samples exhibited improved corrosion resistance, with higher laser pulse energy peened samples performing better.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of deformation characteristics and corrosion properties of high energy laser shock peened Ni-based superalloy","authors":"Yarramilli Vamsi Apuroop , Sanjay Raj , Malar Vadani , Sabeur Msolli , Pooja Gupta , Sanjay Rai , Niroj Maharjan , Ayan Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of high-energy laser shock peening (LSP) using 7 J and 10 J pulse energies on the sub-surface deformation characteristics of Inconel 718 superalloy. High-magnitude compressive residual stresses were induced into the samples after LSP with large residual stress depths of the order of 2 mm – the experimental observations were in good agreement with finite element analyses of the LSP process. The propagation of intense shock waves led to increased strain hardening and dislocation densities that were experimentally quantified by synchrotron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Microscopic analyses revealed highly refined grain structure only at the surface without much refinement observed in the residual depth region. Alongside a high degree of strain hardening, profuse amount of adiabatic shear bands was observed in the hardened depth, indicative of simultaneous strain localisation under such high laser pulse energy. These bands occurred along common slip planes in the Ni γ-matrix and could be potential areas of instability leading to failure. The LSP-treated samples exhibited improved corrosion resistance, with higher laser pulse energy peened samples performing better.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131506
Xiong Lei , Chen Yang , Yonghua Duan , Lishi Ma , Huarong Qi , Shanju Zheng , Ancang Yang , Yuanhuai He , Yunping Li
Inconel 718 alloy is used at high temperatures and is prone to react with oxygen, leading to a decrease in its high-temperature performance. To improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 718 alloy, in this work, three coatings on Inconel 718 alloy were manufactured by boriding, aluminizing, and boroaluminizing, and the high-temperature oxidation resistances at 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C were investigated. The results showed that the maximum thickness of coatings can be achieved >200 μm. Moreover, these three coatings can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 718 alloy, and the boroaluminized coating has the best high-temperature oxidation resistance. Besides, the reason for the improvement of high-temperature oxidation resistance is due to the formation of dense oxide layers during the oxidation process, which can prevent further oxidation.
{"title":"High-temperature oxidation resistances of coatings on Inconel 718 alloy by boriding, aluminizing, and boroaluminizing","authors":"Xiong Lei , Chen Yang , Yonghua Duan , Lishi Ma , Huarong Qi , Shanju Zheng , Ancang Yang , Yuanhuai He , Yunping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inconel 718 alloy is used at high temperatures and is prone to react with oxygen, leading to a decrease in its high-temperature performance. To improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 718 alloy, in this work, three coatings on Inconel 718 alloy were manufactured by boriding, aluminizing, and boroaluminizing, and the high-temperature oxidation resistances at 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C were investigated. The results showed that the maximum thickness of coatings can be achieved >200 μm. Moreover, these three coatings can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 718 alloy, and the boroaluminized coating has the best high-temperature oxidation resistance. Besides, the reason for the improvement of high-temperature oxidation resistance is due to the formation of dense oxide layers during the oxidation process, which can prevent further oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131464
Melisa Köse , Sezer Tan , Buse Yavuz , Ayşe Betül Demir , Hasan Algül , Abdullah Hulusi Kökçam , Enes Furkan Erkan , Mehmet Fatih Taşkin , Harun Gül , Özer Uygun , Mehmet Uysal , Ahmet Alp
This study focuses on producing environmentally friendly, lead-free nickel‑boron (NiB) coatings as an alternative to hard chromium coatings. Using the electroless method, the NiB coatings were fabricated from a lead-free bath, and the effects of varying B and Ni concentrations on the coatings' chemical composition, surface morphology, hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear performance were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze surface morphology and phase composition. Corrosion performance was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while wear behavior was tested at sliding speeds of 20, 30, and 40 cm/s. The study highlights the critical role of sliding speed on wear mechanisms, friction coefficient, wear rate, and surface morphology. The analyses revealed that the optimal NiB coating, containing 34 g/L Ni and 3 g/L B, exhibited the highest hardness, the lowest corrosion rate, and the highest wear rate performance. The values obtained from these analyses were 891 HV for hardness, 8.87 × 10−6 mpy for corrosion rate, and 2.21 × 10−4 mm3/N·m for wear rate. The use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified key factors influencing these properties. The findings suggest that optimizing boron and nickel concentrations significantly enhances NiB coatings' corrosion resistance and wear performance, making them suitable for industrial applications.
本研究的重点是生产环保型无铅镍硼（NiB）镀层，以替代硬铬镀层。研究采用无铅镀液，通过无电解法制备了镍硼镀层，并研究了不同浓度的硼和镍对镀层的化学成分、表面形貌、硬度、耐腐蚀性和磨损性能的影响。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）用于分析表面形貌和相组成。使用电位极化（PP）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）评估了腐蚀性能，并在 20、30 和 40 厘米/秒的滑动速度下测试了磨损行为。研究强调了滑动速度对磨损机制、摩擦系数、磨损率和表面形态的关键作用。分析表明，含 34 克/升 Ni 和 3 克/升 B 的最佳 NiB 涂层具有最高的硬度、最低的腐蚀率和最高的磨损率性能。分析得出的硬度值为 891 HV，腐蚀率为 8.87 × 10-6 mpy，磨损率为 2.21 × 10-4 mm3/N-m。利用方差分析（ANOVA）确定了影响这些性能的关键因素。研究结果表明，优化硼和镍的浓度可显著提高镍硼涂层的耐腐蚀性和磨损性能，使其适用于工业应用。
{"title":"Improving the tribological and corrosion behavior of NiB coating with low boron content from optimized lead-free bath on aluminum alloys","authors":"Melisa Köse , Sezer Tan , Buse Yavuz , Ayşe Betül Demir , Hasan Algül , Abdullah Hulusi Kökçam , Enes Furkan Erkan , Mehmet Fatih Taşkin , Harun Gül , Özer Uygun , Mehmet Uysal , Ahmet Alp","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on producing environmentally friendly, lead-free nickel‑boron (Ni<img>B) coatings as an alternative to hard chromium coatings. Using the electroless method, the Ni<img>B coatings were fabricated from a lead-free bath, and the effects of varying B and Ni concentrations on the coatings' chemical composition, surface morphology, hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear performance were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze surface morphology and phase composition. Corrosion performance was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while wear behavior was tested at sliding speeds of 20, 30, and 40 cm/s. The study highlights the critical role of sliding speed on wear mechanisms, friction coefficient, wear rate, and surface morphology. The analyses revealed that the optimal Ni<img>B coating, containing 34 g/L Ni and 3 g/L B, exhibited the highest hardness, the lowest corrosion rate, and the highest wear rate performance. The values obtained from these analyses were 891 HV for hardness, 8.87 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mpy for corrosion rate, and 2.21 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m for wear rate. The use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified key factors influencing these properties. The findings suggest that optimizing boron and nickel concentrations significantly enhances Ni<img>B coatings' corrosion resistance and wear performance, making them suitable for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the high temperature wear behaviour of a WE43 Mg alloy after covering it with single and dual layer coatings. For this purpose, cold spray and micro-arc oxidation processes were employed individually and sequentially. Single-layer coatings fabricated by cold spray and micro-arc oxidation processes were Al/Al2O3 composite and MgO-based ceramic, respectively. Sequential application of cold spray and micro arc oxidation processes induced dual layer coating upon synthesizing an external Al2O3–based layer over the Al/Al2O3 composite layer. Results of the wear tests conducted under the load of 2 N revealed the superior resistance of the dual layer coated sample against the rubbing action of the counterface compared to single layer coatings. Thus, the presence of a relatively hard and tough external Al2O3-based layer over the Al/Al2O3 composite layer sustained protection up to the temperature of 320 °C, where the dominant wear mechanism was fatigue wear. However, the increase in the test temperature to 350 °C caused detachment of the external Al2O3-based layer. Reduction of the wear test load from 2 to 1 N resulted in the remaining of external Al2O3-based layer intact with the underlying Al/Al2O3 composite layer even at a test temperature of 350 °C. It is therefore concluded that the combination of cold spray and micro-arc oxidation processes is promising to broaden the reliable use of WE43 and other Mg alloys in wear related applications at high service temperatures.
{"title":"Surface modification of WE43 Mg alloy via combination of cold spray and micro-arc oxidation for wear related applications at high temperatures","authors":"Mertcan Kaba , Faiz Muhaffel , Ugur Malayoglu , Huseyin Cimenoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the high temperature wear behaviour of a WE43 Mg alloy after covering it with single and dual layer coatings. For this purpose, cold spray and micro-arc oxidation processes were employed individually and sequentially. Single-layer coatings fabricated by cold spray and micro-arc oxidation processes were Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite and MgO-based ceramic, respectively. Sequential application of cold spray and micro arc oxidation processes induced dual layer coating upon synthesizing an external Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–based layer over the Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite layer. Results of the wear tests conducted under the load of 2 N revealed the superior resistance of the dual layer coated sample against the rubbing action of the counterface compared to single layer coatings. Thus, the presence of a relatively hard and tough external Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based layer over the Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite layer sustained protection up to the temperature of 320 °C, where the dominant wear mechanism was fatigue wear. However, the increase in the test temperature to 350 °C caused detachment of the external Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based layer. Reduction of the wear test load from 2 to 1 N resulted in the remaining of external Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based layer intact with the underlying Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite layer even at a test temperature of 350 °C. It is therefore concluded that the combination of cold spray and micro-arc oxidation processes is promising to broaden the reliable use of WE43 and other Mg alloys in wear related applications at high service temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131527
David Merino-Millan , Miguel Ángel Garrido-Maneiro , Claudio J. Múnez , Pedro Poza
The use of renewable energy sources has been increasing in recent years as it aims to balance the production of fossil fuels by 2050. Among the various alternatives, concentrated solar power plants are considered the most feasible due to their capability of storing energy. Ongoing research is conducted to enhance the performance of third-generation plants by achieving higher temperatures. It makes necessary to explore new materials. This research is focused on concentrated solar power plants with central tower receivers, for which coatings used nowadays do not withstand the new requirements. For this reason, an alternative plasma sprayed Inconel 625 coating has been proposed. This study confidently presents an analysis of the high temperature exposure effects on the coating's mechanical properties at two temperatures, 520 and 800 °C. The study focuses on the Young's modulus and hardness, and the results demonstrate a significant improvement in these properties due to the formation of secondary phases. Coating hardness increased gradually from 4.12 GPa to 5.3 GPa during exposition at 520 °C. In contrast, the increment was attained quickly during the first 24 h exposure at 800 °C, reaching 4.5 GPa, and then maintained for all times studied. The microstructure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, which identified the presence of carbides and intermetallic phases. The application of these coatings will significantly enhance the performance of solar receivers due to their superior properties compared to the currently available Pyromark coatings.
{"title":"Hardness and Young's modulus evolution of low-power plasma sprayed Inconel 625 coatings exposed to high temperatures","authors":"David Merino-Millan , Miguel Ángel Garrido-Maneiro , Claudio J. Múnez , Pedro Poza","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of renewable energy sources has been increasing in recent years as it aims to balance the production of fossil fuels by 2050. Among the various alternatives, concentrated solar power plants are considered the most feasible due to their capability of storing energy. Ongoing research is conducted to enhance the performance of third-generation plants by achieving higher temperatures. It makes necessary to explore new materials. This research is focused on concentrated solar power plants with central tower receivers, for which coatings used nowadays do not withstand the new requirements. For this reason, an alternative plasma sprayed Inconel 625 coating has been proposed. This study confidently presents an analysis of the high temperature exposure effects on the coating's mechanical properties at two temperatures, 520 and 800 °C. The study focuses on the Young's modulus and hardness, and the results demonstrate a significant improvement in these properties due to the formation of secondary phases. Coating hardness increased gradually from 4.12 GPa to 5.3 GPa during exposition at 520 °C. In contrast, the increment was attained quickly during the first 24 h exposure at 800 °C, reaching 4.5 GPa, and then maintained for all times studied. The microstructure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, which identified the presence of carbides and intermetallic phases. The application of these coatings will significantly enhance the performance of solar receivers due to their superior properties compared to the currently available Pyromark coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131476
A. Justina Maskavizan , Juan Pablo Quintana , Eugenia L. Dalibón , Adriana B. Márquez , Sonia P. Brühl , Silvia B. Farina
Chromium nitride ceramic like coatings are well known for their hardness and wear resistance, especially under severe conditions. When deposited on mild steel, nitriding is required for such applications to create a gradient hardness profile and improve the coating adhesion and the system's mechanical properties. Corrosion resistance is also necessary since these chromium coatings are recommended for applications in the plastic mould and injection industry. Therefore, in this work, the combination of a nitriding without white layer pretreatment and CrN coating was studied in a chloride and an acidic electrolyte, to asses if the diffusion layer also plays an important role as a corrosion protection treatment. Coating microstructure, adhesion to both nitrided and non-nitrided steel, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance in chloride and acidic media were evaluated. For comparison, bare and nitrided steel were also examined. Results indicated an improvement in the adhesion for the duplex treatment (nitriding + CrN). The CrN coating demonstrated a considerably lower coefficient of friction and wear rate compared to both non-nitrided and nitrided steel. Regarding corrosion, the iron nitride layer provides some protection in chloride environments; however, in acidic media, only the CrN coating plays a protective role. In both media, localized attack occurred at sites where the coating had defects, such as pores or pinholes through which the electrolyte comes into contact with the substrate. The duplex treatment proved to be the most effective surface treatment for AISI 4140, achieving excellent tribological properties, good adhesion, and high corrosion resistance in both neutral chloride and acidic solutions.
{"title":"Evaluation of wear and corrosion resistance in acidic and chloride solutions of Cathodic Arc PVD chromium nitride coatings on untreated and plasma nitrided AISI 4140 steel","authors":"A. Justina Maskavizan , Juan Pablo Quintana , Eugenia L. Dalibón , Adriana B. Márquez , Sonia P. Brühl , Silvia B. Farina","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium nitride ceramic like coatings are well known for their hardness and wear resistance, especially under severe conditions. When deposited on mild steel, nitriding is required for such applications to create a gradient hardness profile and improve the coating adhesion and the system's mechanical properties. Corrosion resistance is also necessary since these chromium coatings are recommended for applications in the plastic mould and injection industry. Therefore, in this work, the combination of a nitriding without white layer pretreatment and CrN coating was studied in a chloride and an acidic electrolyte, to asses if the diffusion layer also plays an important role as a corrosion protection treatment. Coating microstructure, adhesion to both nitrided and non-nitrided steel, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance in chloride and acidic media were evaluated. For comparison, bare and nitrided steel were also examined. Results indicated an improvement in the adhesion for the duplex treatment (nitriding + CrN). The CrN coating demonstrated a considerably lower coefficient of friction and wear rate compared to both non-nitrided and nitrided steel. Regarding corrosion, the iron nitride layer provides some protection in chloride environments; however, in acidic media, only the CrN coating plays a protective role. In both media, localized attack occurred at sites where the coating had defects, such as pores or pinholes through which the electrolyte comes into contact with the substrate. The duplex treatment proved to be the most effective surface treatment for AISI 4140, achieving excellent tribological properties, good adhesion, and high corrosion resistance in both neutral chloride and acidic solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131476"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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