Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献_第5页

Electrochemical preparation of supersaturated solid solution ZnFe alloy coating on mild steel from ChCl-EG deep eutectic solvents for corrosion protection

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131880

Xiuling Yan, Cunying Xu, Tongjiang Tian, Anan Song

The ZnFe alloy coating on mild steel was produced through electrodeposition from a choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing ZnCl₂ and FeCl₂ at a temperature of 343 K. Although the reduction potential of Zn(II) is more negative than of Fe(II), but the presence of Fe(II) ions facilitates the under-potential deposition of Zn. A dense and uniform ZnFe alloy coating devoid of hydrogen brittleness can be achieved at low current density (3–5 mA cm⁻²) with a modest C_Zn(II)/C_Fe(II) ratio, specifically between 3:1 and 5:1. Increasing the C_Zn(II)/C_Fe(II) ratio in the bath while increasing the current density leads to a decrease in the iron content of the ZnFe alloy coating. The crystal structure and corrosion resistance of these coatings on mild steel are contingent upon deposition condition and their composition. At moderately high current density (≥5 mA cm⁻²), ZnFe alloy with an iron content between 8.5 at.% to 14.0 at.% exhibits a supersaturated solid solution phase (η-phase), whereas an increase in Fe content to 18.2 at.% leads to a mixed phase comprising η, FeZn₁₅ and Fe₄Zn₉ phases. Additionally, as current density decreases, similar iron contents (14.2 ∼ 14.7 at.%) yield mixtures including η, Γ₁,and FeZn₁₅ phase within the resultant alloys. Notably, a ZnFe alloy containing approximately 14.0 at.% Fe on mild steel demonstrates optimal corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution due to its dense microstructure coupled with appropriate iron content levels. These results offer a promising approach for fabricating dense ZnFe alloy coating owing to its simplicity, non-polluting nature, efficiency, and absence of hydrogen evolution.

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the stress field by finite element model in boride layers formed in the Inconel 718 superalloy

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131874

T.N. Cabrera-Yacuta , G.A. Rodríguez-Castro , A. Meneses Amador , I. Arzate-Vázquez , O. Morales-Contreras , I.E. Campos-Silva , M.A. Melo Pérez

This research numerically investigates the stress fields in boride layers on Inconel 718 superalloy, generated by Vickers indentations at various distances from the system interface in cross-sectional views. Three powder-pack boriding conditions at 850, 900, and 950 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively, were applied to Inconel 718. Employing X-ray diffraction, mainly the Ni₄B₃, Ni₂B, and Ni₃B phases were identified. In addition, a hardness (H) range between 23.8 and 26 GPa was determined by Berkovich instrumented indentation, while 280 to 380 GPa for Young's modulus (E). Vickers indentations were made in a load range between 200 and 1500 N at different distances from the diffusion zone towards the substrate. The cracks were identified in the boride layer without advancing to the substrate or at the interface with the diffusion zone and only the thinnest thickness presented delamination at 1500 N. The stress fields were analyzed using the finite element method with explicit dynamic analysis. The numerical model consists of a Vickers indenter modeled as a discrete, rigid body and a 3D deformable solid defined through cross sections. As the layer thickness increases, the system becomes less sensitive to applied loads, and the magnitude of the stress fields decreases. Simulation results indicate that maximum principal stresses lead to cracking within the layer, while the shear stresses are insufficient to cause delamination. Forming layers with low porosity is crucial to avoid stress concentrators that could eventually propagate into cracks. The thickest layer/substrate system, produced at 950 °C for 6 h, demonstrates greater resistance to cracking.

本研究通过数值方法研究了 Inconel 718 超合金硼化物层中的应力场，这些应力场是由横截面视图中距系统界面不同距离的维氏压痕产生的。对 Inconel 718 采用了三种粉末包硼条件，温度分别为 850、900 和 950 ℃，时间分别为 2、4 和 6 小时。通过 X 射线衍射，主要确定了 Ni4B3、Ni2B 和 Ni3B 相。此外，通过伯科维奇仪器压痕法测定的硬度（H）范围为 23.8 至 26 GPa，杨氏模量（E）范围为 280 至 380 GPa。维氏压痕是在 200 至 1500 N 的载荷范围内，在从扩散区到基底的不同距离上进行的。在硼化物层中发现了裂纹，但裂纹没有延伸到基底或与扩散区的界面处，只有最薄的厚度在 1500 N 时出现了分层。数值模型由一个维氏压头和一个通过横截面定义的三维可变形实体组成，维氏压头被模拟为一个离散的刚体。随着层厚度的增加，系统对外加载荷的敏感度降低，应力场的大小也随之减小。模拟结果表明，最大主应力会导致层内开裂，而剪应力不足以导致分层。形成孔隙率低的层对于避免应力集中最终导致裂纹的产生至关重要。最厚的层/基底系统是在 950 °C、6 小时的条件下形成的，具有更强的抗开裂能力。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution to the understanding of antibacterial properties of CuTiZn thin film: From crystalline alloy to metallic glass

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131879

D. Boivin , P. Birnal , P. Brault , F. Brulé-Morabito , A. Caillard , E. Bourhis , P. Andreazza , B. Aspe , T. Vaubois , E. Menou , M. Cavarroc-Weimer , A.L. Thomann

In this work, thin films of CuZn and CuTiZn alloys were synthesized by magnetron sputter deposition. Their antibacterial activity on the proliferation of Escherichia coli was investigated after incubation during 24 h at 37.0 °C by measuring the bacteria solution absorbance at 600 nm. Among tests usually employed in laboratories to evaluate the antibacterial properties of coatings, this one specially characterizes the action of chemical elements dissolved in the solution, i.e. the so-called release killing mechanism. The obtained results are discussed depending on the film chemical composition (in depth and at the surface), microstructure and crystallinity. A good antibacterial activity was found for pure Zn and CuZn films, whereas a rapid degradation was observed as soon as Ti is added, which coincides with the formation of a dense amorphous phase. At close chemical compositions, formation of this stable metallic glass phase seems to be detrimental to the ion release mechanism. This work highlighted that the microstructural and crystalline properties (more or less porous polycrystalline film/dense, defect free metallic glass) significantly influence the antibacterial properties of such alloy thin films.

{"title":"Contribution to the understanding of antibacterial properties of CuTiZn thin film: From crystalline alloy to metallic glass","authors":"D. Boivin , P. Birnal , P. Brault , F. Brulé-Morabito , A. Caillard , E. Bourhis , P. Andreazza , B. Aspe , T. Vaubois , E. Menou , M. Cavarroc-Weimer , A.L. Thomann","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, thin films of CuZn and CuTiZn alloys were synthesized by magnetron sputter deposition. Their antibacterial activity on the proliferation of <em>Escherichia coli</em> was investigated after incubation during 24 h at 37.0 °C by measuring the bacteria solution absorbance at 600 nm. Among tests usually employed in laboratories to evaluate the antibacterial properties of coatings, this one specially characterizes the action of chemical elements dissolved in the solution, i.e. the so-called release killing mechanism. The obtained results are discussed depending on the film chemical composition (in depth and at the surface), microstructure and crystallinity. A good antibacterial activity was found for pure Zn and CuZn films, whereas a rapid degradation was observed as soon as Ti is added, which coincides with the formation of a dense amorphous phase. At close chemical compositions, formation of this stable metallic glass phase seems to be detrimental to the ion release mechanism. This work highlighted that the microstructural and crystalline properties (more or less porous polycrystalline film/dense, defect free metallic glass) significantly influence the antibacterial properties of such alloy thin films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-step large-area synthesis of Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin films via bismuth evaporation and selenization

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131878

Dae-Hyung Cho , Tae-Ha Hwang , Yong-Duck Chung , So-Young Lim , Woo-Jung Lee

Bi₂Se₃ is recognized as one of the most promising topological insulators, with substantial potential for industrial applications, particularly as a qubit in quantum computing. Realizing large-area growth using cost-effective methods is crucial for practical applications. This study presents an innovative approach for fabricating high-quality large-area Bi₂Se₃ thin films by combining Bi thermal evaporation with cracker selenization, which inherently supports scalability. The amorphous precursor—a Bi film capped with a Se layer—reacts with highly reactive cracked Se, forming crystalline Bi₂Se₃ thin films with layered structures. Prolonged selenization enhances the crystallinity of the Bi₂Se₃ thin films and significantly reduces their oxygen content by effectively substituting the O atoms with Se atoms. Thicker precursors require extended selenization to improve their crystallinity and are more susceptible to stress. Electrical transport measurements of Bi₂Se₃ films formed via selenization for 8 h reveal a long phase coherence length of >375 nm and a single surface state with a spin texture, which are unique properties of topological insulators. Uniform physical and optical properties are achieved across a substrate with a large 4-in diameter under optimized conditions. This novel method exhibits great potential for the industrial fabrication of high-quality large-area Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator thin films.

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引用次数: 0

One-step fabrication of wear resistant and friction-reducing Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coatings on 2A50 aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation with MoS2 nanoparticle additive

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131796

Min Zhang , Xining Ma , Siyang Zhang , Liyan Hou , Kwang Ho Kim

Wear resistant and friction-reducing Al₂O₃/MoS₂ nanocomposite coatings were fabricated in-situ on 2A50 aluminum alloy substrate using one-step plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate electrolyte solution with MoS₂ nanoparticle addition. The effect of MoS₂ incorporation on microstructure and wear resistance of the obtained ceramic coatings was investigated by regulating the concentration of MoS₂ nanoparticle. Phase structure, microstructure, composition and wear resistance of the ceramic coatings were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, profilometer and ball-on-disc friction and wear tester. The results show that the anodic voltage of micro-arc discharge stage increased with the increasing of MoS₂ concentration and the prepared ceramic coatings were mainly composed of α-Al₂O₃, γ-Al₂O₃, MoS₂, and mullite phases. The EDS mapping results show Mo and S elements were evenly distributed in the ceramic coatings indicating the formation of Al₂O₃/MoS₂ nanocomposite coatings. Friction performance evaluation shows that the ceramic coatings obtained at the MoS₂ nanoparticle concentration of 4 g/L exhibit the best wear resistance and antifriction property. During the friction and wear test, the protective lubricant film formed between ceramic layer and grinding parts is the largest and the average friction coefficient is the lowest, as low as 0.1. The wear rate was the lowest (about 5.28 × 10⁻⁴ cm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹). It can be concluded that MoS₂ can play a good antifriction and lubrication effect in ceramic layer, optimize the microstructure of ceramic layer, and improve the wear resistance of ceramic layer.

{"title":"One-step fabrication of wear resistant and friction-reducing Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coatings on 2A50 aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation with MoS2 nanoparticle additive","authors":"Min Zhang , Xining Ma , Siyang Zhang , Liyan Hou , Kwang Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear resistant and friction-reducing Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite coatings were fabricated in-situ on 2A50 aluminum alloy substrate using one-step plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate electrolyte solution with MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle addition. The effect of MoS<sub>2</sub> incorporation on microstructure and wear resistance of the obtained ceramic coatings was investigated by regulating the concentration of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle. Phase structure, microstructure, composition and wear resistance of the ceramic coatings were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, profilometer and ball-on-disc friction and wear tester. The results show that the anodic voltage of micro-arc discharge stage increased with the increasing of MoS<sub>2</sub> concentration and the prepared ceramic coatings were mainly composed of α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>, and mullite phases. The EDS mapping results show Mo and S elements were evenly distributed in the ceramic coatings indicating the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite coatings. Friction performance evaluation shows that the ceramic coatings obtained at the MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle concentration of 4 g/L exhibit the best wear resistance and antifriction property. During the friction and wear test, the protective lubricant film formed between ceramic layer and grinding parts is the largest and the average friction coefficient is the lowest, as low as 0.1. The wear rate was the lowest (about 5.28 × 10<sup>−4</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>). It can be concluded that MoS<sub>2</sub> can play a good antifriction and lubrication effect in ceramic layer, optimize the microstructure of ceramic layer, and improve the wear resistance of ceramic layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical properties in well and barrier single-mode Nd:YLiF4 waveguides formed under 300 keV H-ion irradiation

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791

Mei Qiao , Tiejun Wang , Yong Liu , Guofeng Liu , Ran Jia , Wanling Cui , Xiaoxin Wang , Zhenxing Wang , Xin Li , Shicai Xu

A “well+barrier”-type, single-mode optical waveguide structure was created in a Nd:YLiF₄ (Nd:YLF) crystal through H-ion irradiation at an energy level of 300 keV and a fluence of 5.6 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². The electronic energy loss (S_e) and nuclear energy loss (S_n) induced by inelastic and elastic collisions, respectively, were simulated using the SRIM 2013 software. The cross-sectional image of the Nd:YLF crystal after H-ion irradiation was captured using a microscope. The prism coupling and end-face coupling methods were utilized to capture the effective refractive index of waveguide modes and near-field intensity distributions. The spectral characteristics of the Nd:YLF crystal were examined after H-ion irradiation based on absorption spectra and Raman spectra. This study is of considerable significance for the advancement of integrated optical devices utilizing Nd:YLF crystals.

{"title":"Optical properties in well and barrier single-mode Nd:YLiF4 waveguides formed under 300 keV H-ion irradiation","authors":"Mei Qiao , Tiejun Wang , Yong Liu , Guofeng Liu , Ran Jia , Wanling Cui , Xiaoxin Wang , Zhenxing Wang , Xin Li , Shicai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A “well+barrier”-type, single-mode optical waveguide structure was created in a Nd:YLiF<sub>4</sub> (Nd:YLF) crystal through H-ion irradiation at an energy level of 300 keV and a fluence of 5.6 × 10<sup>16</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. The electronic energy loss (<em>S</em><sub><em>e</em></sub>) and nuclear energy loss (<em>S</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>) induced by inelastic and elastic collisions, respectively, were simulated using the SRIM 2013 software. The cross-sectional image of the Nd:YLF crystal after H-ion irradiation was captured using a microscope. The prism coupling and end-face coupling methods were utilized to capture the effective refractive index of waveguide modes and near-field intensity distributions. The spectral characteristics of the Nd:YLF crystal were examined after H-ion irradiation based on absorption spectra and Raman spectra. This study is of considerable significance for the advancement of integrated optical devices utilizing Nd:YLF crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of interface states on capacitance-voltage characteristics of CdZnTe crystals after surface oxidation

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131790

Xiaoyan Liang , Xuan Zhu , Jijun Zhang , Chen Xie , Wenxuan Yang , Bo Zhang , Linjun Wang , Jian Huang , Jiahua Min

The interface states of TeO₂/CdZnTe affects the capacitance voltage characteristics of metal oxide semiconductor (MIS) structured CdZnTe devices. Based on numerical simulations, the interface states exhibit a capacitance hump in the depletion region of the CV curve, which is influenced by substrate doping concentration, frequency, interface state density, and energy level position. According to microstructure and component analysis by high resolution transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (HRTEM-EDS), MIS-CdZnTe devices with TeO₂ passivation layer of 142–173 nm and limited oxygen diffusion region as interface layers were prepared by NH₄F/H₂O₂ passivation and CMP/NaClO oxidation, respectively, and then used for experimental capacitance characteristic measurement. The results show that the hump capacitance of MIS-CdZnTe prepared by passivation gradually decreases with increasing frequency, consistent with the simulation results, but presents relatively gentle due to the actual interface states with multiple energy levels. Moreover, the influence mechanism of interface traps on CV curve is analyzed using band plots. In addition, the interface state density of MIS-CdZnTe structure is calculated using conductance method, which indicates that the interface state density of MIS- CdZnTe structure prepared by CMP/NaClO method is less than 1/3 that of passivation method (2.11 × 10¹⁰ cm⁻² eV⁻¹), presenting no obvious hump capacitance was observed in its CV curves at low frequencies. Therefore, passivation forms an uneven thickness oxide interface layer between CdZnTe and TeO₂, resulting in a higher density of interface states. While CMP/NaClO treatment forms a limited oxygen diffusion zone and achieves a smooth and dense interface, which can reduce the interface recombination rate, leading to a smaller leakage current (0.067 nA/mm² @ 100 V) for MIS-CdZnTe device, and improving spectral performance of the energy resolution from 11.4 % to 7.7 %.

{"title":"Effect of interface states on capacitance-voltage characteristics of CdZnTe crystals after surface oxidation","authors":"Xiaoyan Liang , Xuan Zhu , Jijun Zhang , Chen Xie , Wenxuan Yang , Bo Zhang , Linjun Wang , Jian Huang , Jiahua Min","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interface states of TeO<sub>2</sub>/CdZnTe affects the capacitance voltage characteristics of metal oxide semiconductor (MIS) structured CdZnTe devices. Based on numerical simulations, the interface states exhibit a capacitance hump in the depletion region of the C<img>V curve, which is influenced by substrate doping concentration, frequency, interface state density, and energy level position. According to microstructure and component analysis by high resolution transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (HRTEM-EDS), MIS-CdZnTe devices with TeO<sub>2</sub> passivation layer of 142–173 nm and limited oxygen diffusion region as interface layers were prepared by NH<sub>4</sub>F/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> passivation and CMP/NaClO oxidation, respectively, and then used for experimental capacitance characteristic measurement. The results show that the hump capacitance of MIS-CdZnTe prepared by passivation gradually decreases with increasing frequency, consistent with the simulation results, but presents relatively gentle due to the actual interface states with multiple energy levels. Moreover, the influence mechanism of interface traps on C<img>V curve is analyzed using band plots. In addition, the interface state density of MIS-CdZnTe structure is calculated using conductance method, which indicates that the interface state density of MIS- CdZnTe structure prepared by CMP/NaClO method is less than 1/3 that of passivation method (2.11 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> eV<sup>−1</sup>), presenting no obvious hump capacitance was observed in its C<img>V curves at low frequencies. Therefore, passivation forms an uneven thickness oxide interface layer between CdZnTe and TeO<sub>2</sub>, resulting in a higher density of interface states. While CMP/NaClO treatment forms a limited oxygen diffusion zone and achieves a smooth and dense interface, which can reduce the interface recombination rate, leading to a smaller leakage current (0.067 nA/mm<sup>2</sup> @ 100 V) for MIS-CdZnTe device, and improving spectral performance of the energy resolution from 11.4 % to 7.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies of H ions irradiation damage of CdTe crystal detector

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131776

Meng Cao , Zexin Wang , Weifan He , Zhenzhao Zhang , Qingzhi Hu , Liying Sun , Jian Huang , Linjun Wang

CdTe has a wide range of applications in nuclear radiation detectors. However, it will be seriously damaged by irradiation in space and easily lead to device failure. This article primarily focuses on using two software packages in SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) to simulate and study the irradiation damage of CdTe materials. The penetration abilities of irradiated H ions, He ions, and Ar ions inside CdTe crystals were studied firstly. And H ions were selected because of its irradiation damage was distributed wholely inside CdTe crystals. Then, the ion irradiation depth, ion distribution position, and vacancy generation under various energy and dose of H ions were studied. And ²⁴¹Am energy spectrum responses and charge induction efficiency (CIE) of CdTe detectors influenced by H ion irradiation were investigated. The research results are contributive to improve the application of CdTe detectors in the filed of nuclear radiation detection.

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of mechanical, metallurgical, and hot corrosion-erosion behavior of plasma sprayed Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/30 %Cr3C2 /10 %h-BN/10 %Mo composite coating

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131730

Virupakshappa Lakkannavar , K.B. Yogesha , C. Durga Prasad , Amit Tiwari , K. Vanitha , Piyush Kumar Soni

In this work, plasma-sprayed coatings at high temperatures are examined for microstructure, corrosion, and erosion behavior. Utilized as a feedstock material for plasma spraying, the coatings were composed of a blend of Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y, Cr₃C₂ h-BN, and Mo in varying weight proportions. As the substrate material for coating, ASTM A213, T22 boiler steel was employed. In a liquid salt environment with Na₂SO₄–60%V₂O₅, thermocyclic hot corrosion studies were conducted for 50 cycles at 700 °C on both bare and coated steels. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the hot corrosion kinetics, and the erosion properties of the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr₃C₂/h-BN/Mo composite coating that was plasma-sprayed onto T22 boiler steel alloy were investigated. An air jet erosion tester was used for this assessment at three different temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C) with impingement angles of 30° and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. Microhardness and microstructure analyses were performed on the coated samples. For characterization, this investigation included energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the study showed that, in comparison to the uncoated substrate, the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr₃C₂/h-BN/Mo coated substrates exhibited 89 % higher resistance to hot corrosion and, at a 90° impact angle, the coating exhibited 55 % higher erosion resistance than the uncoated substrate. In contrast to the uncoated steels, the coated substrate had lower parabolic rate constant values and adhered to the parabolic rate law of oxidation. Because of the high stability of molybdenum and chromium carbides as well as the production of a protective oxide layer of nickel, chromium, B₂O₃, and MoO₂ oxide at high temperatures, there is an enhanced resistance to erosion and corrosion.

{"title":"Evaluation of mechanical, metallurgical, and hot corrosion-erosion behavior of plasma sprayed Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/30 %Cr3C2 /10 %h-BN/10 %Mo composite coating","authors":"Virupakshappa Lakkannavar , K.B. Yogesha , C. Durga Prasad , Amit Tiwari , K. Vanitha , Piyush Kumar Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, plasma-sprayed coatings at high temperatures are examined for microstructure, corrosion, and erosion behavior. Utilized as a feedstock material for plasma spraying, the coatings were composed of a blend of Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y, Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> h-BN, and Mo in varying weight proportions. As the substrate material for coating, ASTM A213, T22 boiler steel was employed. In a liquid salt environment with Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–60%V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, thermocyclic hot corrosion studies were conducted for 50 cycles at 700 °C on both bare and coated steels. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the hot corrosion kinetics, and the erosion properties of the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/h-BN/Mo composite coating that was plasma-sprayed onto T22 boiler steel alloy were investigated. An air jet erosion tester was used for this assessment at three different temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C) with impingement angles of 30° and 90° and a velocity of 40 m/s. Microhardness and microstructure analyses were performed on the coated samples. For characterization, this investigation included energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the study showed that, in comparison to the uncoated substrate, the Ni22Cr10Al0.8Y/Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/h-BN/Mo coated substrates exhibited 89 % higher resistance to hot corrosion and, at a 90° impact angle, the coating exhibited 55 % higher erosion resistance than the uncoated substrate. In contrast to the uncoated steels, the coated substrate had lower parabolic rate constant values and adhered to the parabolic rate law of oxidation. Because of the high stability of molybdenum and chromium carbides as well as the production of a protective oxide layer of nickel, chromium, B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and MoO<sub>2</sub> oxide at high temperatures, there is an enhanced resistance to erosion and corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of AISI H13 on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates with Ni buffer

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131772

Zhao Zhao , Matteo Perini , Massimo Pellizzari

Steel/copper alloy multi-material structures fabricated via metal additive manufacturing hold significant promise for applications such as molding and tooling. However, the formation of a steel/copper alloy interface is highly susceptible to solidification cracking. In this study, AISI H13 cladding was deposited on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates using Laser-Directed Energy Deposition. A commercial pure Ni buffer was employed to mitigate cracking, as evidenced by the crack-free Ni-buffered specimens. The effectiveness of Ni in suppressing cracking can be attributed to two key factors: (i) establishing a chemical composition gradient from copper‑beryllium to H13, thereby minimizing solidification cracking susceptibility across the entire composition range, and (ii) reducing residual stress caused by the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between H13 and copper‑beryllium. The solidification cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni ternary system was qualitatively assessed by calculating key solidification characteristic values, including the solidification temperature range and the amount of terminal liquid, using Scheil's model. Easton's solidification cracking model was validated as a reliable tool for quantitatively evaluating cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni system. Both approaches indicated that introducing a Ni buffer creates a path with low cracking susceptibility. The as-deposited H13 exhibited high microhardness (580–690 HV) compared to the copper‑beryllium alloy (400 HV), significantly enhancing the load-bearing capability. While softer materials such as in-situ tempered martensite, Ni buffer, and heat-affected zone negatively impact the load-bearing capacity, this can be restored by increasing the number of H13 layers. Based on the typical stress levels in injection molding dies, a 3 to 5 mm thick H13 cladding is deemed sufficient to protect mold surfaces made of copper alloys.

{"title":"Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of AISI H13 on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates with Ni buffer","authors":"Zhao Zhao , Matteo Perini , Massimo Pellizzari","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel/copper alloy multi-material structures fabricated via metal additive manufacturing hold significant promise for applications such as molding and tooling. However, the formation of a steel/copper alloy interface is highly susceptible to solidification cracking. In this study, AISI H13 cladding was deposited on copper‑beryllium alloy substrates using Laser-Directed Energy Deposition. A commercial pure Ni buffer was employed to mitigate cracking, as evidenced by the crack-free Ni-buffered specimens. The effectiveness of Ni in suppressing cracking can be attributed to two key factors: (i) establishing a chemical composition gradient from copper‑beryllium to H13, thereby minimizing solidification cracking susceptibility across the entire composition range, and (ii) reducing residual stress caused by the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between H13 and copper‑beryllium. The solidification cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni ternary system was qualitatively assessed by calculating key solidification characteristic values, including the solidification temperature range and the amount of terminal liquid, using Scheil's model. Easton's solidification cracking model was validated as a reliable tool for quantitatively evaluating cracking susceptibility in the Fe-Cu-Ni system. Both approaches indicated that introducing a Ni buffer creates a path with low cracking susceptibility. The as-deposited H13 exhibited high microhardness (580–690 HV) compared to the copper‑beryllium alloy (400 HV), significantly enhancing the load-bearing capability. While softer materials such as in-situ tempered martensite, Ni buffer, and heat-affected zone negatively impact the load-bearing capacity, this can be restored by increasing the number of H13 layers. Based on the typical stress levels in injection molding dies, a 3 to 5 mm thick H13 cladding is deemed sufficient to protect mold surfaces made of copper alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"497 ","pages":"Article 131772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0