Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献_第6页

Study on the phase structure and comprehensive properties of ReNx coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering 磁控溅射制备ReNx涂层的相结构和综合性能研究

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133187

Yuan Liu , Feng Xu , Wang Ma , Qiu-zhi Xu , Hui-lun Cheng , Xian-qing Shi , Wen-xuan Zhao , Cheng-zuan Gao , Dun-wen Zuo

This study focuses on rhenium nitride (ReNx) coatings (x = 0.37–0.50) deposited on YG8 cemented carbide via magnetron sputtering, investigating nitrogen content's regulation of their microstructural evolution and comprehensive properties. By adjusting the N₂/Ar flow ratio (S1:1:1 to S4:1:4), coatings with varying nitrogen contents were prepared. Characterizations via X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoindentation, tribological/electrochemical tests, and first-principles calculations confirm all coatings exhibit a face-centered cubic (fcc) ReNx phase. High nitrogen (S1, x = 0.50) promotes dense, low-roughness (Sa (surface roughness parameter) =1.43 nm) microstructures via lattice contraction and strong ReN bonding; low nitrogen (S4, x = 0.37) causes metallic Re accumulation, increasing roughness (Sa = 1.75 nm) and deposition rate. Mechanically, hardness peaks at 27.66 GPa for S3 (x = 0.40)—supported by TEM observations of dense columnar grains, dislocation walls, and refined grains (19.7 nm)—while elastic modulus rises from 537.0 GPa (S1) to 589.5 GPa (S4) with decreasing nitrogen. Tribologically, minimum friction coefficient (0.1) and wear rate (9.0 × 10⁻⁸ mm³/(N·m), S2) come from tribo-induced ReO₂/ReO₃ lubricants and dense structure. Electrochemically, S1 shows corrosion current density (1.93 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm²) two orders lower than YG8 (2.23 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm²) due to the dense structure's barrier effect. This work clarifies nitrogen-driven structure-property relationships of ReNx coatings, supporting their optimization for friction-corrosion coupled extreme environments.

本研究以磁控溅射沉积在YG8硬质合金上的氮化铼（ReNx）涂层（x = 0.37 ~ 0.50）为研究对象，研究氮含量对其显微组织演变和综合性能的影响。通过调整N2/Ar流量比（S1:1:1 ~ S4:1:4），制备出不同氮含量的涂层。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、纳米压痕、摩擦学/电化学测试和第一性原理计算的表征证实，所有涂层都表现出面心立方（fcc） ReNx相。高氮（S1, x = 0.50）通过晶格收缩和强ReN键形成致密、低粗糙度（Sa（表面粗糙度参数）=1.43 nm）的微观结构；低氮（S4, x = 0.37）导致金属Re积累，粗糙度（Sa = 1.75 nm）增大，沉积速率加快。力学上，S3 （x = 0.40）的硬度峰值为27.66 GPa（透射电镜观察到致密柱状晶粒、位错壁和细化晶粒（19.7 nm）），而弹性模量随着氮的减少从537.0 GPa （S1）上升到589.5 GPa （S4）。摩擦学上，最小摩擦系数（0.1）和磨损率（9.0 × 10−8 mm3/(N·m), S2）来自摩擦诱导的ReO2/ReO3润滑油和致密的结构。电化学上，由于致密结构的势垒效应，S1的腐蚀电流密度为1.93 × 10−6 A/cm2，比YG8的腐蚀电流密度（2.23 × 10−4 A/cm2）低2个数量级。这项工作阐明了氮驱动的ReNx涂层的结构-性能关系，支持其在摩擦腐蚀耦合极端环境下的优化。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Si content on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of cosputtered (TiZrHfTaSi)Nx films Si含量对溅射（TiZrHfTaSi）Nx薄膜力学性能和耐蚀性的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133188

Yung-I Chen , Yan-Zhi Liao , Li-Chun Chang

This study investigates the influences of Si content on the characteristics of (TiZrHfTaSi)N_x films fabricated through reactive magnetron cosputtering. The results indicate that a Si content of 8.4 at.% refines the grain size, ascribing to the columnar structure formation, enhancing the film's hardness and elastic modulus to 30.9 and 293 GPa, respectively, but revealing insufficient wear resistance and moderate corrosion resistance. Incorporating the Si content to 18.4 at.% resulted in enhanced wear and corrosion resistances, but the deterioration of mechanical properties was also observed due to the increased amount of an amorphous SiN_x phase. A combination of high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was obtained for the (TiZrHfTaSi)N_x film with an appropriate Si content of 11.7 at.% in this investigation.

研究了Si含量对反应磁控溅射制备（TiZrHfTaSi）Nx薄膜特性的影响。结果表明：a的Si含量为8.4 at。%细化了膜的晶粒尺寸，使膜的硬度和弹性模量分别提高到30.9和293 GPa，但耐磨性和耐蚀性不足。含硅量为18.4 at。%提高了耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能，但由于非晶态SiNx相的增加，也观察到机械性能的恶化。当Si含量为11.7 at时，（TiZrHfTaSi）Nx薄膜具有较高的机械性能和耐腐蚀性。%在这次调查中。

引用次数: 0

Moderate-temperature annealing for enhanced mechanical and wear properties of Pt-doped CrN coatings: A comparative study at 400 °C and 800 °C 中温退火增强pt掺杂CrN涂层的机械和磨损性能：400°C和800°C的比较研究

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133184

J. Li , N.N. Xue , W.L. Zhang , Y.J. Chen , H. Ren , B. Guo , F. Gong , Z.W. Xie

To improve the service life of molds utilized in precision glass molding (PGM) in harsh environments, this work puts forward a moderate-temperature annealing post-treatment strategy to address this challenge of insufficient mechanical and tribological properties of Pt-doped CrN coatings. Annealing at 400 °C effectively promotes moderate grain coarsening and retains Pt in solid solution within the CrN matrix, thereby significantly enhancing the overall coating performance. The optimized coating exhibits excellent mechanical properties (a hardness of 24.08 ± 1.02 GPa, a Young's modulus of 324.9 ± 6.15 GPa, a H/E ratio of 0.0744, a H³/E² ratio of 0.132) and outstanding wear resistance (a coefficient of friction of 0.43 and a wear rate of 4.59 × 10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹). In contrast, annealing at 800 °C induces outward diffusion of Pt along the grain boundaries and the formation of soft CrPt_x intermetallic precipitates, causing surface roughening, reduced hardness, and a dramatic deterioration in wear performance. This work elucidates the microstructure–property relationship governed by annealing temperature and provides important theoretical and practical guidance for designing high-performance protective coatings for harsh service environments.

为了提高精密玻璃成型（PGM）模具在恶劣环境下的使用寿命，本研究提出了一种中温退火后处理策略，以解决掺杂pt CrN涂层机械和摩擦学性能不足的挑战。400℃退火有效地促进了晶粒的适度粗化，并使Pt在CrN基体中保持固溶体状态，从而显著提高了涂层的整体性能。优化后的涂层具有优异的力学性能（硬度为24.08±1.02 GPa，杨氏模量为324.9±6.15 GPa， H/E比为0.0744，H3/E2比为0.132）和优异的耐磨性（摩擦系数为0.43，磨损率为4.59 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1）。相比之下，800℃退火导致Pt沿晶界向外扩散，形成软的CrPtx金属间相，导致表面粗化，硬度降低，磨损性能急剧恶化。该研究阐明了退火温度对涂层微观结构和性能的影响，为设计适用于恶劣使用环境的高性能防护涂层提供了重要的理论和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Ti interlayer thickness on residual stress, adhesion, toughness and corrosion resistance of CrSiN/Ti coatings applied to AZ31 via magnetron sputtering Ti层间厚度对AZ31磁控溅射CrSiN/Ti涂层残余应力、附着力、韧性和耐腐蚀性的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133167

Haitao Li , Ming Gong , Shiqiang Wang , Pengfei Sun , Bo Liu

To improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys and expand the application scope of Mg-based materials, CrSiN coatings—composed of amorphous Si₃N₄ matrices embedding nanoscale CrN phases—were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. To mitigate coating failure and enhance interfacial adhesion, a Ti interlayer was first applied before CrSiN deposition. The microstructure, residual stress, adhesion, toughness, and corrosion behavior of the coating/AZ31 system were systematically investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scratch tests, and electrochemical measurements. Results indicate that the Ti interlayer, co-sputtered by DC and RF magnetron sputtering, significantly improves the adhesion strength, toughness, and resistance to chloride-induced corrosion of the CrSiN coating. The maximum adhesion strength reached 23.5 N—16 N higher than that of the Ti-free CrSiN coating. Residual stress was also reduced from 770 MPa without the Ti interlayer to 349 MPa with it. The best corrosion resistance was achieved with a Ti interlayer thickness of approximately 0.37 μm, corresponding to a co-sputtering time of 7 min, yielding a corrosion current density of 0.027 μA/cm² and a polarization resistance of 1670 kΩ·cm². This study further discusses the corrosion and failure mechanisms of CrSiN coatings with varying Ti interlayer thicknesses. It was found that when the Ti layer exceeds 0.37 μm, a distinct columnar crystal structure develops, which considerably degrades the coating's corrosion resistance.

为了提高镁合金的耐蚀性，扩大镁基材料的应用范围，采用反应磁控溅射法制备了包埋纳米级CrN相的非晶Si3N4基体的CrSiN涂层。为了减轻涂层失效和增强界面附着力，在CrSiN沉积之前首先应用Ti中间层。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、划痕测试和电化学测量等手段，系统地研究了涂层/AZ31体系的微观结构、残余应力、附着力、韧性和腐蚀行为。结果表明，采用直流磁控溅射和射频磁控共溅射制备Ti中间层，可显著提高CrSiN涂层的附着强度、韧性和抗氯化物腐蚀性能。最大附着力达到23.5 N - 16 N，高于无ti CrSiN涂层。残余应力由未添加Ti夹层时的770 MPa降至添加Ti夹层时的349 MPa。当Ti层间厚度约为0.37 μm时，共溅射时间为7 min，腐蚀电流密度为0.027 μA/cm2，极化电阻为1670 kΩ·cm2。本研究进一步探讨了不同钛层厚度的CrSiN涂层的腐蚀和失效机理。结果表明，当Ti层厚度超过0.37 μm时，涂层会形成明显的柱状晶体结构，使涂层的耐蚀性大大降低。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted cored wire arc additive manufacturing of WC-reinforced 316 L composite coatings: Microstructure and wear performance 超声振动辅助芯线电弧增材制造wc增强316l复合涂层：显微组织与磨损性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133185

Yangguang Cheng , Hao Yi , Junwei Yang , Huajun Cao , Runsheng Li

This study investigates the integration of ultrasonic vibration (UV) into Cored Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (CWAAM) for fabricating WC/316 L stainless steel composite coatings, aiming to leverage the synergistic effects of the UV energy field and arc thermal-force field to refine the microstructure and improve wear performance. Results demonstrate that UV application significantly refined the grain structure, reducing the average grain size from 105.4 μm to 57.9 μm, and promoted a more uniform distribution of WC particles and precipitated phases. This microstructural improvement led to enhanced solid solution strengthening and increased microhardness from 395.2 ± 17.4 HV to 454.2 ± 11.9 HV. Tribological tests revealed a substantial improvement in wear resistance, with the average friction coefficient decreased by 14.06% and the wear volume reduced by 27.58% under UV treatment. Furthermore, both adhesive and abrasive wear were mitigated, while the local effect of oxidative wear becomes more pronounced. These findings confirm that UV-assisted CWAAM effectively enhances the mechanical properties and wear performance of WC/316 L composite coatings, providing a viable approach for producing high-performance wear-resistant surfaces.

本研究将超声振动（UV）集成到芯线电弧增材制造（CWAAM）中，用于制备WC/ 316l不锈钢复合涂层，旨在利用UV能量场和电弧热力场的协同效应，细化涂层的微观结构，提高涂层的磨损性能。结果表明：UV处理显著细化了晶粒结构，平均晶粒尺寸从105.4 μm减小到57.9 μm，促进了WC颗粒和析出相的均匀分布；显微组织的改善导致固溶强化增强，显微硬度从395.2±17.4 HV提高到454.2±11.9 HV。摩擦学试验结果表明，经过UV处理后，材料的耐磨性显著提高，平均摩擦系数降低14.06%，磨损体积减小27.58%。此外，粘结磨损和磨料磨损都得到了缓解，而局部氧化磨损的影响变得更加明显。这些研究结果证实，uv辅助CWAAM有效地提高了WC/ 316l复合涂层的机械性能和磨损性能，为生产高性能耐磨表面提供了可行的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of nitrogen fraction in N2-H2 plasma nitrocarburizing on mechanical, tribological, and corrosion performance of AISI 316L N2-H2等离子体氮碳共渗中氮含量对AISI 316L合金力学、摩擦学和腐蚀性能的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133172

Anke Dalke , Minh Ngoc Le , Saeed M. Jafarpour , Sonia P. Brühl , Horst Biermann

This study investigates how the nitrogen fraction (f_N) in N₂-H₂ feed gas affects the microstructure, mechanical, wear and corrosion properties of AISI 316L stainless steel treated at 460 °C for 5 h by active screen plasma nitrocarburizing (ASPNC) using a plasma-activated carbon screen as the carbon source. Investigation includes glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the elemental composition, phase composition, and surface topography of the expanded austenite layers across five different nitrogen fractions (0 ≤ f_N ≤ 1). A transitional regime at f_N = 0.5 showed maximum nitrogen uptake, minimal carbon content, and the thickest expanded austenite layer, though accompanied by highest defect density. Mechanical testing indicate that hardness and wear resistance reach a peak at f_N = 0.5 (Martens hardness HM = 3.27 GPa), while higher nitrogen fractions (f_N ≥ 0.9) lead to decreased hardness due to nitride-induced brittleness. Electrochemical polarization in 0.05 M H₂SO₄ reveal that corrosion resistance deteriorates with increasing f_N, particularly at f_N = 0.5, where nitride precipitates, grain boundary defects, and chromium depletion impair passive film stability. Treatments at low nitrogen fraction (f_N ≤ 0.1) offer an optimal balance between corrosion resistance and mechanical performance, suitable for applications requiring both wear and corrosion protection. In contrast, high nitrogen conditions (f_N ≥ 0.5) enhance wear resistance but are susceptible to corrosion, emphasizing the importance of tailoring plasma parameters to optimize AISI 316L performance for specific industrial applications.

本研究以等离子体活性炭筛为碳源，研究了n2 - h2原料气中氮气组分（fN）对aisi316l不锈钢460℃、5 h活性筛等离子体氮碳共渗处理（ASPNC）的微观组织、力学性能、磨损性能和腐蚀性能的影响。利用辉光发射光谱（GDOES）、x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）表征了5种不同氮组分（0≤fN≤1）下膨胀奥氏体层的元素组成、相组成和表面形貌。当fN = 0.5时，合金的氮吸收量最大，碳含量最低，膨胀奥氏体层最厚，但缺陷密度最高。力学测试表明，硬度和耐磨性在fN = 0.5时达到峰值（马氏硬度HM = 3.27 GPa），较高的氮含量（fN≥0.9）导致硬度下降。在0.05 M H₂SO _4中的电化学极化表明，随着fN的增加，钝化膜的耐蚀性下降，特别是当fN = 0.5时，氮化物析出、晶界缺陷和铬的损耗影响了钝化膜的稳定性。低氮含量（fN≤0.1）处理提供了耐腐蚀性和机械性能之间的最佳平衡，适用于需要磨损和腐蚀保护的应用。相比之下，高氮条件（fN≥0.5）增强了耐磨性，但容易受到腐蚀，强调了定制等离子体参数以优化AISI 316L特定工业应用性能的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Role of Zn spraying amount and diffusion in governing the corrosion resistance of aluminum microchannel heat-exchange tubes 喷锌量和扩散对铝微通道换热管耐蚀性的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133168

Qiang Lu , Shenshen Cui , Dezhi Li , Haochang Chen , Feng Li , Bao Yue , Haishen Wang , Haixia Deng , Qudong Wang

The service life of aluminum alloy microchannel tubes is often severely limited by corrosion under aggressive environments. In this study, it is revealed that the Zn distribution formed in arc-sprayed coatings after brazing does not decrease monotonically with depth, but instead exhibits a distinctive subsurface concentration peak located at ∼10–22 μm beneath the surface. This unique diffusion feature fundamentally alters the corrosion mechanism: the Zn-rich subsurface layer acts as an internal sacrificial anode that preferentially dissolves, while the corrosion products retained within this region form a locally occluded, partially blocking layer that hinders ionic transport and slows further penetration into the substrate. As a result, compared with uncoated tubes, Zn-coated tubes display more uniform laminar corrosion morphologies and significantly reduced penetration depths. Moreover, the protective performance is highly sensitive to the spraying amount: insufficient Zn deposition causes heterogeneous laminar corrosion, whereas excessive Zn deposition accelerates depletion of the diffusion layer. Comprehensive analysis identifies an optimal Zn spraying amount of ∼8 g/m², which balances diffusion depth, coating uniformity, and sacrificial anode effects, thereby markedly extending the service life of aluminum alloy microchannel heat-exchange tubes.

在恶劣环境下，铝合金微通道管的使用寿命往往受到腐蚀的严重限制。本研究发现，钎焊后电弧喷涂涂层中锌的分布并不是随着深度单调减少，而是在表面以下~ 10-22 μm处呈现出明显的亚表面浓度峰。这种独特的扩散特性从根本上改变了腐蚀机制：富锌亚表层充当内部牺牲阳极，优先溶解，而保留在该区域的腐蚀产物形成局部阻塞，部分阻塞层，阻碍离子传输，减缓进一步渗透到基材中。结果表明，与未镀锌管相比，镀锌管表现出更均匀的层状腐蚀形态，并显著降低了渗透深度。此外，保护性能对喷涂量高度敏感，锌沉积不足会导致非均匀层状腐蚀，而锌沉积过多会加速扩散层的耗竭。综合分析发现，最佳喷锌量为~ 8 g/m2，可以平衡扩散深度、涂层均匀性和牺牲阳极效应，从而显著延长铝合金微通道换热管的使用寿命。

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引用次数: 0

Green hydrogen production by an improved photoelectrochemical process with Ga-doped ZnO photoanodes on stainless steel substrates 不锈钢衬底上掺杂ga的ZnO光电阳极的改进光电化学工艺的绿色制氢

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133180

Sumeyya Ayca , Ibrahim Dincer

This study analyzes hydrogen production using photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting methods for Ga-doped ZnO electrodes coated on stainless steel. Physical electrochemistry, electrochemical impedance, hydrogen production, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses are performed on uncoated, undoped ZnO-coated, and Ga-doped ZnO-coated electrodes. The parameters of the best-coated electrode obtained by chronoamperometry (CA) analysis are as follows: the electrode is immersed in a dip-coating bath for 4 s, is coated five times, and has a doping ratio of 1%. The Tafel slope obtained from the Tafel graph of the 1% Ga-doped ZnO electrode is 0.15 V/dec, and the change in current density is 1.05 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm². According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data, the solution resistance (Rs), polarization resistance (Rp), and constant phase element (CPE) of the 1% Ga-doped ZnO electrode are 0.4862 Ω·cm², 0.0785 Ω·cm², and 2.031 × 10⁻³ Ω⁻¹·s·cm⁻², respectively. The slope value obtained from the Mott–Schottky graph is also 3.45 × 10⁻⁴. The hydrogen production rate obtained from CA analysis over a half-hour period is 6 ml/cm². The energy efficiency is 2.3%, the exergy efficiency is 2.36%, and the applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) is 0.75%. This study demonstrates higher hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and overall efficiency than comparable studies in the literature. This study is the first in the literature to illustrate the dip-coating of Ga-doped ZnO electrodes onto stainless steel, the optimization of coating number and duration parameters, and the reporting of direct hydrogen production quantities. Thus, the study fills a gap in the literature in terms of both methodological innovation and performance, offering an applicable and scalable approach for sustainable hydrogen production.

本研究分析了在不锈钢表面涂覆ga掺杂ZnO电极的光电化学水裂解制氢方法。物理电化学、电化学阻抗、产氢、x射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对未涂层、未掺杂zno涂层和ga掺杂zno涂层电极进行了分析。通过计时安培法（CA）分析得到的最佳包覆电极参数为：电极在浸渍镀液中浸泡4 s，包覆5次，掺杂率为1%。1% ga掺杂ZnO电极的Tafel斜率为0.15 V/dec，电流密度变化量为1.05 × 10−7 A/cm2。根据电化学阻抗谱（EIS）数据，1% ga掺杂ZnO电极的溶液电阻（Rs）、极化电阻（Rp）和恒相元（CPE）分别为0.4862 Ω·cm2、0.0785 Ω·cm2和2.031 × 10−3 Ω−1·s·cm−2。由Mott-Schottky图得到的斜率值也为3.45 × 10−4。半小时内CA分析得到的产氢率为6ml /cm2。能量效率为2.3%，火用效率为2.36%，外加偏置光子电流效率（ABPE）为0.75%。与文献中类似的研究相比，本研究显示出更高的析氢反应（HER）活性和总体效率。本研究在文献中首次阐述了将ga掺杂ZnO电极浸涂在不锈钢上，优化了涂层数量和持续时间参数，并报告了直接产氢量。因此，该研究在方法创新和性能方面填补了文献中的空白，为可持续制氢提供了一种适用且可扩展的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Wear and corrosion behavior of AISI 420 stainless steel coated with PVD AlCrN PVD AlCrN涂层AISI 420不锈钢的磨损和腐蚀行为

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133182

Eugenia L. Dalibón , Andrea Abreu-García , A. Justina Maskavizan , Javier Izquierdo , Ricardo M. Souto , Sonia P. Brühl

PVD AlCrN coatings are extensively used to improve the steel performance in severe wear and corrosion conditions. In this study, AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel was coated with a commercial AlCrN coating (Alcrona®, Oerlikon Balzers). Prior to deposition, the steel was plasma nitrided for 5 h in a semi-industrial facility. Surface characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, microhardness, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with focus ion beam milling (SEM-FIB). The long-term corrosion behavior was analyzed using Salt Spray test, open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Single and duplex coating systems were studied and compared with the uncoated systems, plasma nitrided steel and quenched & tempered steel. The coating thickness was approximately 4 μm, while the thickness of the nitrided compound layer was between 12 and 13 μm, with a nitriding penetration depth of 28 μm. The nitriding pretreatment enhanced adhesion of the coating in the duplex system. AlCrN significantly improved wear resistance of the substrates in Pin on disk tests under Hertzian pressures higher than 1 GPa. The coating was hard enough to withstand the sand for both coated systems in abrasive wear tests. It was not worn through in both type of wear tests, so nitriding treatment had no influence in wear resistance. In the salt spray chamber, the nitrided sample experienced homogeneous distribution of pits rather than localized pitting corrosion, whereas the samples with the AlCrN coating showed good protection. The AlCrN-coated samples exhibited barrier properties immediately after immersion; however, electrolyte penetration through pores and defects in the chloride-containing medium compromised their long-term corrosion resistance, especially for previously nitrided substrates.

PVD AlCrN涂层广泛用于改善钢在严重磨损和腐蚀条件下的性能。在这项研究中，AISI 420马氏体不锈钢涂上了一层商用AlCrN涂层（Alcrona®，欧瑞康巴尔查斯）。在沉积之前，钢在半工业设备中等离子体氮化5小时。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、纳米压痕、显微硬度、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和聚焦离子束铣削（SEM-FIB）对表面进行表征。通过盐雾试验、开路电位和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测量分析了长期腐蚀行为。研究了单涂层和双涂层体系，并与未涂层体系、等离子体氮化钢和调质钢进行了比较。涂层厚度约为4 μm，渗氮层厚度在12 ~ 13 μm之间，渗氮深度为28 μm。渗氮预处理提高了涂层在双相体系中的附着力。在高于1 GPa的赫兹压力下，AlCrN显著提高了Pin on disk试验中衬底的耐磨性。在磨料磨损测试中，涂层的硬度足以承受两种涂层系统的沙子。在两种类型的磨损试验中都没有发生磨损，因此氮化处理对耐磨性没有影响。在盐雾室中，氮化后的样品出现了均匀分布的点蚀而不是局部的点蚀，而镀有AlCrN涂层的样品则表现出良好的保护作用。alcrn包覆的样品在浸泡后立即表现出屏障性能；然而，电解质通过含氯化物介质中的孔隙和缺陷的渗透会损害其长期耐腐蚀性，特别是对先前氮化的衬底。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic surface modification of LPBF-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds using PEO and Nb/NbN multilayers: Towards antibacterial and bioactive performances 用PEO和Nb/NbN多层膜对lpbf制备的Ti-6Al-4V陀螺支架进行协同表面改性：提高抗菌和生物活性

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133179

Marzieh Ebrahimi , Ahmad Kermanpur , Mahshid Kharaziha , Mathew T. Mathew

The present study investigates the effects of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) followed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the corrosion behavior and biological performance of Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). A porous TiO₂ layer was first developed via PEO, after which multilayered Nb/NbN coatings were deposited using PVD in various configurations of single and double Nb/NbN layers. While a single Nb/NbN layer maintained the surface morphology of the PEO-treated sample, the deposition of two Nb/NbN layers decreased the PEO-induced micropore size and resulted in micro/nano-porous features. PEO-TiO₂/PVD-2layers Nb/NbN coating exhibited about a 57% reduction in maximum pore size and a 94% decrease in average porosity compared with the PEO-treated sample. The two-layer Nb/NbN coating showed a higher corrosion current density than PEO alone (4.20 × 10⁻⁷ A·cm⁻² vs. 1.30 × 10⁻⁸ A·cm⁻²), yet still outperformed both the single-layer Nb/NbN coating (1.51 × 10⁻⁶ A·cm⁻²) and the untreated sample (8.68 × 10⁻⁷ A·cm⁻²). Changing surface topography of samples via PEO/PVD increased their hydrophilicity, thereby promoting in vitro bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds. Moreover, depending on coating configurations, PEO/PVD showed improved biological performance on Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds. Notably, PEO-treated Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds coated with two Nb/NbN layers exhibited enhanced MG63 cell viability, reaching 107 ± 6% (relative to control) by day 7, as well as improved cell attachment compared with the untreated scaffold. Furthermore, PEO/PVD treatment, particularly in samples coated with two Nb/NbN layers, reduced bacterial adhesion on the surface. In overall, deposition of a PEO-TiO₂/PVD-2layers Nb/NbN multilayer coating presents an innovative approach for surface engineering of 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds.

本研究研究了等离子体电解氧化（PEO）和物理气相沉积（PVD）对激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）制备的Ti-6Al-4V陀螺支架腐蚀行为和生物性能的影响。首先通过PEO法制备了多孔TiO2层，然后利用PVD沉积了不同配置的单层和双层Nb/NbN层。虽然单一的Nb/NbN层保持了peo处理样品的表面形貌，但两个Nb/NbN层的沉积减少了peo诱导的微孔尺寸，并产生了微/纳米孔特征。与PEO-TiO2/PVD-2layers相比，PEO-TiO2/PVD-2layers的Nb/NbN涂层最大孔径减小了57%，平均孔隙率减小了94%。两层Nb/NbN涂层的腐蚀电流密度高于单独的PEO (4.20 × 10−7 a·cm−2 vs. 1.30 × 10−8 a·cm−2)，但仍优于单层Nb/NbN涂层（1.51 × 10−6 a·cm−2）和未处理样品（8.68 × 10−7 a·cm−2）。通过PEO/PVD改变样品的表面形貌增加了样品的亲水性，从而提高了Ti-6Al-4V支架的体外生物活性。此外，根据涂层结构的不同，PEO/PVD在Ti-6Al-4V支架上表现出更好的生物性能。值得注意的是，经peo处理的Ti-6Al-4V旋转支架包被两层Nb/NbN层，在第7天MG63细胞活力增强，达到107±6%（相对于对照组），并且与未处理的支架相比，细胞附着改善。此外，PEO/PVD处理，特别是在涂有两层Nb/NbN的样品中，减少了表面的细菌粘附。总之，PEO-TiO2/PVD-2layers Nb/NbN多层涂层的沉积为3d打印Ti-6Al-4V陀螺支架的表面工程提供了一种创新的方法。

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