Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131907
Tao Zhang , Zhiping Wang , Zhe Wang , Shihua Zhang , Jinhu Fan , Kunying Ding , Youliang Li , Chunhai Xie
Improving water vapor corrosion resistance has become critical for environmental barrier coating materials to extend the life of ceramic matrix composites. A novel environmental barrier coating candidate (Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Er0.2Sc0.2)2Si2O7((5RE1/5)2Si2O7) was synthesized in this study. The corrosion behavior of (5RE1/5)2Si2O7 in a water vapor environment at 1400 °C was observed and analyzed. The results show that (5RE1/5)2Si2O7 is a high-performance environmental barrier coating material against water vapor corrosion. Corrosion pores and transcrystalline cracks appeared on the surface of the material after 300 h of corrosion. The average thickness of the recession layer was about 5.66 μm. The pyrosilicate phase still occupied 87.834 %. The mass loss rate of the material was about 0.0396 mg/cm2. The corrosion resistance is superior to the disclosed coating materials. This research provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of environmental barrier coatings.
{"title":"Water vapor corrosion resistance of a novel environmental barrier coating candidate (Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Er0.2Sc0.2)2Si2O7","authors":"Tao Zhang , Zhiping Wang , Zhe Wang , Shihua Zhang , Jinhu Fan , Kunying Ding , Youliang Li , Chunhai Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving water vapor corrosion resistance has become critical for environmental barrier coating materials to extend the life of ceramic matrix composites. A novel environmental barrier coating candidate (Yb<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.2</sub>Lu<sub>0.2</sub>Er<sub>0.2</sub>Sc<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>((5RE<sub>1/5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) was synthesized in this study. The corrosion behavior of (5RE<sub>1/5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> in a water vapor environment at 1400 °C was observed and analyzed. The results show that (5RE<sub>1/5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> is a high-performance environmental barrier coating material against water vapor corrosion. Corrosion pores and transcrystalline cracks appeared on the surface of the material after 300 h of corrosion. The average thickness of the recession layer was about 5.66 μm. The pyrosilicate phase still occupied 87.834 %. The mass loss rate of the material was about 0.0396 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. The corrosion resistance is superior to the disclosed coating materials. This research provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of environmental barrier coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131904
H. Rojacz , K. Pichelbauer , P.H. Mayrhofer
Iron aluminide (Fe3Al)-based claddings are promising alternatives to Co-, Cr-, and Ni-based wear-resistant hardfacings, offering an excellent balance of properties with a significantly lower environmental impact. Reinforcing Fe3Al claddings with additional hard phases enhances their wear resistance and high-temperature performance. Sustainable solutions can be achieved by incorporating recycled hardmetal scrap (HMS) or environmentally favorable phases like TiC-NiMo cermets.
Therefore, we studied the impact of reinforcing Fe3Al-based claddings with 70 vol% HMS or TiC-NiMo cermets using a laser metal deposition (LMD) process. Thereby high room temperature hardness levels of 1008 ± 52 HV10 and 1087 ± 43 HV10 are obtained, respectively, and nearly linear hardness decrease with increasing temperature, even allows for ~600 HV10 at 700 °C, indicating excellent mechanical stability. The individual phases formed within the reinforced claddings exhibit ~36 GPa for WC, ~32 GPa for precipitations W2C, ~25 GPa for TiC, and ~7.8 GPa respectively ~7.2 GPa for the Fe3Al matrix.
The combination of a high volume fraction of hard phases and the relatively hard Fe3Al matrix ensures strong wear resistance. Under low-stress abrasion at room temperature, the wear rates were 0.0018 mm3/m (HMS reinforced) and 0.0047 mm3/m (TiC-NiMo reinforced). At high-stress conditions, wear rates were ~0.04–0.05 mm3/m at 20 °C and ~0.055 mm3/m (HMS reinforced) and ~0.068 mm3/m (TiC-NiMo reinforced) at 700 °C.
When benchmarked against conventional hardfacing materials, these reinforced Fe3Al-based claddings demonstrate competitive performance, offering an environmentally sustainable and mechanically robust solution for wear-resistant applications.
{"title":"Hardmetal scrap and TiC-NiMo reinforced Fe3Al claddings: A sustainable solution with enhanced wear resistance and thermal stability","authors":"H. Rojacz , K. Pichelbauer , P.H. Mayrhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron aluminide (Fe<sub>3</sub>Al)-based claddings are promising alternatives to Co-, Cr-, and Ni-based wear-resistant hardfacings, offering an excellent balance of properties with a significantly lower environmental impact. Reinforcing Fe<sub>3</sub>Al claddings with additional hard phases enhances their wear resistance and high-temperature performance. Sustainable solutions can be achieved by incorporating recycled hardmetal scrap (HMS) or environmentally favorable phases like TiC-NiMo cermets.</div><div>Therefore, we studied the impact of reinforcing Fe<sub>3</sub>Al-based claddings with 70 vol% HMS or TiC-NiMo cermets using a laser metal deposition (LMD) process. Thereby high room temperature hardness levels of 1008 ± 52 HV10 and 1087 ± 43 HV10 are obtained, respectively, and nearly linear hardness decrease with increasing temperature, even allows for ~600 HV10 at 700 °C, indicating excellent mechanical stability. The individual phases formed within the reinforced claddings exhibit ~36 GPa for WC, ~32 GPa for precipitations W<sub>2</sub>C, ~25 GPa for TiC, and ~7.8 GPa respectively ~7.2 GPa for the Fe<sub>3</sub>Al matrix.</div><div>The combination of a high volume fraction of hard phases and the relatively hard Fe<sub>3</sub>Al matrix ensures strong wear resistance. Under low-stress abrasion at room temperature, the wear rates were 0.0018 mm<sup>3</sup>/m (HMS reinforced) and 0.0047 mm<sup>3</sup>/m (TiC-NiMo reinforced). At high-stress conditions, wear rates were ~0.04–0.05 mm<sup>3</sup>/m at 20 °C and ~0.055 mm<sup>3</sup>/m (HMS reinforced) and ~0.068 mm<sup>3</sup>/m (TiC-NiMo reinforced) at 700 °C.</div><div>When benchmarked against conventional hardfacing materials, these reinforced Fe<sub>3</sub>Al-based claddings demonstrate competitive performance, offering an environmentally sustainable and mechanically robust solution for wear-resistant applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131909
Zhihao Feng , Kaimin Wei , Tianyu Wang , Qian Feng , Sijie Wang , Lishi Jiao , Jing Ma , Dezhong Meng , Jianhui Li
This study investigated the effects of laser gas nitriding treatment on the Ti-20Zr-6.5Al-4V alloy using a closed IPG quasi-continuous laser. Various analytical techniques were employed to assess the phase composition, microstructural morphology and elemental distribution of the nitrided zone and the matrix at different scanning speeds (10 mm/s, 15 mm/s and 25 mm/s) when the laser power was 150 W. Additionally, vacuum friction and wear behavior were evaluated. The results indicate that following laser nitriding, the structure of the nitrided surface primarily comprises nitride dendrites and fine α grains. Element distribution tests confirmed that the nitrides present on the surface are predominantly Ti(Zr)xNy. Furthermore, as the scanning speed decreases, the hardness of the laser nitride layer progressively increases, with the maximum microhardness observed at a scanning speed of 10 mm/s, approximately 871 HV0.5. The vacuum friction and wear results demonstrate that at a scanning speed of 10 mm/s, the COF value of the sample is only 0.337. Analysis suggests that laser nitriding treatment effectively refines the surface grains and generates hard nitrides, thereby enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. Further analysis confirmed that the wear of the nitride layer primarily occurs through adhesive and abrasive mechanisms.
{"title":"Effect of laser scanning speed on the surface characteristics and wear resistance of TiZrAlV alloy via laser gas nitriding","authors":"Zhihao Feng , Kaimin Wei , Tianyu Wang , Qian Feng , Sijie Wang , Lishi Jiao , Jing Ma , Dezhong Meng , Jianhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of laser gas nitriding treatment on the Ti-20Zr-6.5Al-4V alloy using a closed IPG quasi-continuous laser. Various analytical techniques were employed to assess the phase composition, microstructural morphology and elemental distribution of the nitrided zone and the matrix at different scanning speeds (10 mm/s, 15 mm/s and 25 mm/s) when the laser power was 150 W. Additionally, vacuum friction and wear behavior were evaluated. The results indicate that following laser nitriding, the structure of the nitrided surface primarily comprises nitride dendrites and fine α grains. Element distribution tests confirmed that the nitrides present on the surface are predominantly Ti(<em>Zr</em>)<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>. Furthermore, as the scanning speed decreases, the hardness of the laser nitride layer progressively increases, with the maximum microhardness observed at a scanning speed of 10 mm/s, approximately 871 HV<sub>0.5</sub>. The vacuum friction and wear results demonstrate that at a scanning speed of 10 mm/s, the COF value of the sample is only 0.337. Analysis suggests that laser nitriding treatment effectively refines the surface grains and generates hard nitrides, thereby enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. Further analysis confirmed that the wear of the nitride layer primarily occurs through adhesive and abrasive mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen has the potential to replace fossil fuels in certain sectors where decarbonization presents significant challenges. However, components manufactured in metallic alloys that come into contact with hydrogen are susceptible to hydrogen induced embrittlement (HE) to varying degrees. Plasma based surface treatments might provide a barrier to hydrogen diffusion, a prerequisite for HE.
This study aims at investigating the performance as hydrogen diffusion barrier of active screen plasma nitrided treatments on a ferritic stainless steel (X6Cr17). The research has focused on the nitriding parameters (mainly processing temperature), as well as the thickness and microstructure of the steel. A variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, microscopy, indentation and hydrogen permeation tests were employed throughout the study on different nitrided surfaces.
The findings of the study indicate that plasma nitrided surfaces act as effective hydrogen permeation barriers. Results show a reduction of the hydrogen permeation flow by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the same untreated steel alloy (2.0 × 10−9 vs. 4.2 × 10−7 Pa.m3/s). This is accompanied by a delay in the hydrogen permeation uptake of >25 times compared to the same untreated steel alloy. However, the findings also indicate that the surface treatment effectiveness is influenced by both the presence of surface defects and the depths and microstructure of the nitrided surfaces.
{"title":"Plasma nitrided ferritic stainless steel surfaces as hydrogen permeation barriers","authors":"Iñigo Braceras , Milena Mishell Astudillo Bautista","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen has the potential to replace fossil fuels in certain sectors where decarbonization presents significant challenges. However, components manufactured in metallic alloys that come into contact with hydrogen are susceptible to hydrogen induced embrittlement (HE) to varying degrees. Plasma based surface treatments might provide a barrier to hydrogen diffusion, a prerequisite for HE.</div><div>This study aims at investigating the performance as hydrogen diffusion barrier of active screen plasma nitrided treatments on a ferritic stainless steel (X6Cr17). The research has focused on the nitriding parameters (mainly processing temperature), as well as the thickness and microstructure of the steel. A variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, microscopy, indentation and hydrogen permeation tests were employed throughout the study on different nitrided surfaces.</div><div>The findings of the study indicate that plasma nitrided surfaces act as effective hydrogen permeation barriers. Results show a reduction of the hydrogen permeation flow by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the same untreated steel alloy (2.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup> vs. 4.2 × 10<sup>−7</sup> Pa.m<sup>3</sup>/s). This is accompanied by a delay in the hydrogen permeation uptake of >25 times compared to the same untreated steel alloy. However, the findings also indicate that the surface treatment effectiveness is influenced by both the presence of surface defects and the depths and microstructure of the nitrided surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131905
Yunlong Zhu , Ming Liu , Xiang Xu , Xiang Meng , Cong Wang , Dingxiang He , Shuying Chen , Haidou Wang
Al2O3/PF composite coatings are commonly used to improve the surface properties of resin materials in complex environments with coupled thermal and structural fields. In order to explore the factors of composite coating performance degradation, the coupling model of temperature field and structural field was established, and the stress change of the composite coating in the coupling field was analyzed. According to the simulation results, it is known that the middle part of the coating and the overlapping area of the heat-affected region are most prone to crack extension and delamination. In order to verify the simulation conclusions, the damage behavior of Al2O3/PF composite coatings in the extreme environment of multi-physical fields and the spatial evolution law were summarized and the composite coatings were experimentally analyzed. With the increase of the number of thermal coupling, the microstructure of the composite coating shows the formation and expansion of porous structure and cracks, which leads to a decrease in the protective performance of the coating. With the accumulation of the number of coupling times, the coating is damaged layer by layer from the cracks, and the damage is mainly concentrated in the already cracked parts, while the uncracked area can still maintain a certain degree of integrity and continue to provide thermal protection for the substrate. The results of the nanoindentation tests further confirm that layer-by-layer damage of the coating occurs from surface to surface under thermal coupling. The results emphasize the joint influence of temperature and mechanical loading on the material properties and provide a theoretical reference for the study of thermal coupling problems in similar materials.
{"title":"Damage research of supersonic plasma sprayed Al2O3/PF composite coatings on resin matrix surfaces under thermally coupled operating conditions","authors":"Yunlong Zhu , Ming Liu , Xiang Xu , Xiang Meng , Cong Wang , Dingxiang He , Shuying Chen , Haidou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PF composite coatings are commonly used to improve the surface properties of resin materials in complex environments with coupled thermal and structural fields. In order to explore the factors of composite coating performance degradation, the coupling model of temperature field and structural field was established, and the stress change of the composite coating in the coupling field was analyzed. According to the simulation results, it is known that the middle part of the coating and the overlapping area of the heat-affected region are most prone to crack extension and delamination. In order to verify the simulation conclusions, the damage behavior of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PF composite coatings in the extreme environment of multi-physical fields and the spatial evolution law were summarized and the composite coatings were experimentally analyzed. With the increase of the number of thermal coupling, the microstructure of the composite coating shows the formation and expansion of porous structure and cracks, which leads to a decrease in the protective performance of the coating. With the accumulation of the number of coupling times, the coating is damaged layer by layer from the cracks, and the damage is mainly concentrated in the already cracked parts, while the uncracked area can still maintain a certain degree of integrity and continue to provide thermal protection for the substrate. The results of the nanoindentation tests further confirm that layer-by-layer damage of the coating occurs from surface to surface under thermal coupling. The results emphasize the joint influence of temperature and mechanical loading on the material properties and provide a theoretical reference for the study of thermal coupling problems in similar materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131901
Tian Ye , Hetao Dai , Yunting Zhu , Cong Zeng , Han Yan , Bo Li , Pingping Zhuang , Weiyi Lin
Multilayer two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), exhibit enhanced mechanical strength and electron mobility while maintaining robustness in device fabrication processes. This study aims to develop and apply a fast annealing technique using a carbon-fiber-based system to synthesize multilayer MoS2 films and graphene, focusing on improving the synthesis process's efficiency and scalability. The methodology involves preparing films via thermolysis of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and silicon carbide, followed by characterization using microscopy and spectroscopy. Memristors fabricated from the multilayer MoS2 showed reliable operation at low biases (<1.5 V). This method offers a broad process window, reduces synthesis time, and increases power efficiency. The findings highlight its potential to facilitate the transition of 2D materials from laboratory research to large-scale production.
{"title":"Synthesis of 2D multilayer molybdenum disulfide and graphene using a rapid thermal annealing system","authors":"Tian Ye , Hetao Dai , Yunting Zhu , Cong Zeng , Han Yan , Bo Li , Pingping Zhuang , Weiyi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilayer two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), exhibit enhanced mechanical strength and electron mobility while maintaining robustness in device fabrication processes. This study aims to develop and apply a fast annealing technique using a carbon-fiber-based system to synthesize multilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> films and graphene, focusing on improving the synthesis process's efficiency and scalability. The methodology involves preparing films via thermolysis of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and silicon carbide, followed by characterization using microscopy and spectroscopy. Memristors fabricated from the multilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> showed reliable operation at low biases (<1.5 V). This method offers a broad process window, reduces synthesis time, and increases power efficiency. The findings highlight its potential to facilitate the transition of 2D materials from laboratory research to large-scale production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131910
Xi Cao , Shujuan Dong , Yan Huang , Jianing Jiang , Longhui Deng , Changling Zhou , Wenbo Chen , Xueqiang Cao
Based on ZrSi2 (ZS) or TaSi2-Ta2O5 (TST) bond coats, different multilayered ZS/YbDS/YbMS/YbAG and TST/YbDS/YbMS/YbAG thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs) were prepared through plasma spraying to protect silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiCf/SiC-CMCs). The phase compositions of the plasma-sprayed ZS and TST coatings were investigated. It was found that the powders were partially oxidized during the spraying process, but the main components of the coatings remained ZS and TST, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal cycling behavior of the corresponding T/EBCs in air at 1300 °C and their corrosion behavior in 90 % H2O-10 % O2 steam at 1350 °C were also investigated. It was observed that the thermal cycling failure was mainly related to the thermal stresses formed due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). When these T/EBCs were subjected to high-temperature water vapor, degradation of the bond coats ultimately led to delamination of the systems.
{"title":"Performance of thermal/environmental barrier coatings based on high-melting-point ZrSi2 and TaSi2-Ta2O5 bond coats","authors":"Xi Cao , Shujuan Dong , Yan Huang , Jianing Jiang , Longhui Deng , Changling Zhou , Wenbo Chen , Xueqiang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on ZrSi<sub>2</sub> (ZS) or TaSi<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (TST) bond coats, different multilayered ZS/YbDS/YbMS/YbAG and TST/YbDS/YbMS/YbAG thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs) were prepared through plasma spraying to protect silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC-CMCs). The phase compositions of the plasma-sprayed ZS and TST coatings were investigated. It was found that the powders were partially oxidized during the spraying process, but the main components of the coatings remained ZS and TST, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal cycling behavior of the corresponding T/EBCs in air at 1300 °C and their corrosion behavior in 90 % H<sub>2</sub>O-10 % O<sub>2</sub> steam at 1350 °C were also investigated. It was observed that the thermal cycling failure was mainly related to the thermal stresses formed due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). When these T/EBCs were subjected to high-temperature water vapor, degradation of the bond coats ultimately led to delamination of the systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"501 ","pages":"Article 131910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131906
Yucheng Wang , Zhichao Jiao , Yeran Shi , Qing Zhou , Qian Jia , Mingda Xie , Yue Ren , Haishan Teng , Haifeng Wang
The mechanical and tribological properties of CoCrNi-based composites at low temperature make them have the potential for cryogenic applications. However, traditional oil/grease lubrications are infeasible under ultra-low temperature, which limits further cryogenic applications of CoCrNi-based composites. Solid lubrication presents an effective approach to solving friction reduction and wear resistance issues at low temperature. In this work, the CoCrNi-Al2O3-Ni/MoS2 self-lubricating composite were firstly proposed and its cryogenic tribological properties were investigated by ball-on-disk rotary wear tests. Compared to the CoCrNi-Al2O3 composite at 0 °C, the friction coefficient (COF) decreased to 0.38, meanwhile, the wear resistance increased by 14.8 times. Even under ultra-low temperatures of −120 °C, the wear rate remained at 6.78 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, maintaining a quite high wear resistance without significant deterioration. As the temperature decreases, the wear resistance of the CoCrNi-Al2O3 composite improved due to grain refinement and abundant deformation twins. The COF of the self-lubricating composite was reduced by the introduction of Ni/MoS2. In addition, the interlayer shear of MoS₂ at −120 °C was indicated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to be less prone to occur. This work elucidates the cryogenic lubrication and wear-resistant properties of the CoCrNi-Al2O3-Ni/MoS2 composite, highlighting its strong potential for cryogenic applications.
{"title":"Investigation on the wear performance of CoCrNi matrix self-lubricating composites at cryogenic temperature","authors":"Yucheng Wang , Zhichao Jiao , Yeran Shi , Qing Zhou , Qian Jia , Mingda Xie , Yue Ren , Haishan Teng , Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical and tribological properties of CoCrNi-based composites at low temperature make them have the potential for cryogenic applications. However, traditional oil/grease lubrications are infeasible under ultra-low temperature, which limits further cryogenic applications of CoCrNi-based composites. Solid lubrication presents an effective approach to solving friction reduction and wear resistance issues at low temperature. In this work, the CoCrNi-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ni/MoS<sub>2</sub> self-lubricating composite were firstly proposed and its cryogenic tribological properties were investigated by ball-on-disk rotary wear tests. Compared to the CoCrNi-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite at 0 °C, the friction coefficient (COF) decreased to 0.38, meanwhile, the wear resistance increased by 14.8 times. Even under ultra-low temperatures of −120 °C, the wear rate remained at 6.78 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, maintaining a quite high wear resistance without significant deterioration. As the temperature decreases, the wear resistance of the CoCrNi-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite improved due to grain refinement and abundant deformation twins. The COF of the self-lubricating composite was reduced by the introduction of Ni/MoS<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the interlayer shear of MoS₂ at −120 °C was indicated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to be less prone to occur. This work elucidates the cryogenic lubrication and wear-resistant properties of the CoCrNi-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ni/MoS<sub>2</sub> composite, highlighting its strong potential for cryogenic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131897
G. de la Cuerda-Velázquez , E. Carella , M. Monclús , Y. Mendez-González , F.J. Sánchez , R. Gonzalez-Arrabal
The development of multifunctional coatings that simultaneously prevent Tritium (T) leaks and Li corrosion of the structural steel is necessary to ensure safe operation of breeding blankets (BBs) that use liquid metals, such as the Water-Cooled Lithium Lead (WCLL) design in nuclear fusion reactors. In this work, we present the development of amorphous Silicon Carbide (a-SiC) coatings deposited by Radio-Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering as a potential candidate for this application. We characterize the morphology, elemental composition, density, microstructure, hardness and adhesion to the substrate of the coatings as a function of deposition parameters (Ar mass flow rate and bias voltage) and of the bonding material. We observe that low Ar mass flow rates (40 sccm), low bias voltages (-30 V) and Cr bonding lead to amorphous coatings with homogeneous and compact morphology, a high density of 3.15 g/cm3, and quite good adhesion (critical load of 303 mN) to the steel substrate for the aimed purpose. The studied coatings also present a hardness of 30 GPa and a reduced elastic modulus of 246 GPa. Such combination of properties makes a-SiC coatings a promising candidate to act as a multifunctional barrier in the breeding blanket of nuclear fusion reactors operating both in the inertial and magnetic confinement approaches.
{"title":"Deposition of amorphous SiC coatings by RF sputtering and properties optimization for multifunctional barrier applications in the breeding blanket of nuclear fusion reactors","authors":"G. de la Cuerda-Velázquez , E. Carella , M. Monclús , Y. Mendez-González , F.J. Sánchez , R. Gonzalez-Arrabal","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional coatings that simultaneously prevent Tritium (T) leaks and Li corrosion of the structural steel is necessary to ensure safe operation of breeding blankets (BBs) that use liquid metals, such as the Water-Cooled Lithium Lead (WCLL) design in nuclear fusion reactors. In this work, we present the development of amorphous Silicon Carbide (a-SiC) coatings deposited by Radio-Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering as a potential candidate for this application. We characterize the morphology, elemental composition, density, microstructure, hardness and adhesion to the substrate of the coatings as a function of deposition parameters (Ar mass flow rate and bias voltage) and of the bonding material. We observe that low Ar mass flow rates (40 sccm), low bias voltages (-30 V) and Cr bonding lead to amorphous coatings with homogeneous and compact morphology, a high density of 3.15 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and quite good adhesion (critical load of 303 mN) to the steel substrate for the aimed purpose. The studied coatings also present a hardness of 30 GPa and a reduced elastic modulus of 246 GPa. Such combination of properties makes a-SiC coatings a promising candidate to act as a multifunctional barrier in the breeding blanket of nuclear fusion reactors operating both in the inertial and magnetic confinement approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131897"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131900
Cong Wang , Yunlong Zhu , Haidou Wang , Ming Liu , Guo Jin , Xiang Meng , Shuying Chen , Guozheng Ma
Electromagnetic rail launcher is an advanced weapon, and the resin-based insulator is a crucial part of it. Despite their outstanding physical and mechanical properties, the easily oxidizable characteristics and unsatisfactory erosion wear performance prevent them from meeting higher demands. Preparing thermal sprayed ceramic/resin composite coatings on the surface of resin substrates is a feasible solution. The research successfully developed two types of supersonic plasma sprayed Al2O3-phenolic resin (Al2O3-PF) composite coatings on the surface of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. One is the S-Al2O3-PF composite coating prepared by spraying Al2O3/PF composite powder, whereas the other is the O-Al2O3-PF composite coating obtained by alternately spraying Al2O3 powder and Al2O3/PF composite powder. The thermodynamic properties and ablation resistance of Al2O3-PF composite coatings have been extensively investigated. The protective ability of Al2O3-PF composite coating on resin substrate has been thoroughly studied in terms of resistance to solid particle erosion wear. The results reveal that the Al2O3-PF composite coating has attractive thermodynamic properties and low heat conductivity (below 0.6 W·m−1·K−1). In regards to ablation resistance, the O-Al2O3-PF composite coating performs better. Its average ablation rate is about 0.029 g/s, which is 0.53 times that of the S-Al2O3-PF composite coating. Meanwhile, the Al2O3-PF composite coating assists in enhancing the erosion wear resistance of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Among them, the erosion rate of the composite coating at the 90° erosion angle is about 6.65 × 10−3 mm3·g−1, which is 0.42 times that of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. The study provides an effective way to improve the service life and stability of traditional insulators.
{"title":"Ablation resistance and erosion wear properties of supersonic plasma sprayed Al2O3-PF composite coatings prepared on resin surface","authors":"Cong Wang , Yunlong Zhu , Haidou Wang , Ming Liu , Guo Jin , Xiang Meng , Shuying Chen , Guozheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic rail launcher is an advanced weapon, and the resin-based insulator is a crucial part of it. Despite their outstanding physical and mechanical properties, the easily oxidizable characteristics and unsatisfactory erosion wear performance prevent them from meeting higher demands. Preparing thermal sprayed ceramic/resin composite coatings on the surface of resin substrates is a feasible solution. The research successfully developed two types of supersonic plasma sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-phenolic resin (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF) composite coatings on the surface of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. One is the S-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating prepared by spraying Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PF composite powder, whereas the other is the O-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating obtained by alternately spraying Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powder and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PF composite powder. The thermodynamic properties and ablation resistance of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coatings have been extensively investigated. The protective ability of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating on resin substrate has been thoroughly studied in terms of resistance to solid particle erosion wear. The results reveal that the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating has attractive thermodynamic properties and low heat conductivity (below 0.6 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>). In regards to ablation resistance, the O-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating performs better. Its average ablation rate is about 0.029 g/s, which is 0.53 times that of the S-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating. Meanwhile, the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PF composite coating assists in enhancing the erosion wear resistance of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Among them, the erosion rate of the composite coating at the 90° erosion angle is about 6.65 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>, which is 0.42 times that of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. The study provides an effective way to improve the service life and stability of traditional insulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 131900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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