Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献_第2页

Thermal control performance and corrosion resistance of laser-assisted PEO ceramic coatings on LA141 magnesium‑lithium alloy LA141镁锂合金激光辅助PEO陶瓷涂层的热控制性能和耐蚀性

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133233

Guolong Wu , Chen Liu , Lin Li , Yanyi Yin , Zhenzhen Yang , Ye Wang , Chen Wen , Jianhua Yao

This study successfully developed a black thermal control ceramic coating on the surface of a magnesium‑lithium alloy, exhibiting an absorption rate exceeding 0.85 in the 250–2500 nm wavelength range and an emissivity higher than 0.85 in the 2.5–16 μm range. The coating was prepared by introducing NaVO₃ as a colouring agent and employing a combined laser-assisted plasma electrolytic oxidation (Laser/PEO) process. Employing high-speed imaging, SEM, EDS, GDOES, XRD and XPS analyses, the plasma discharge behaviour, coating morphology, and elemental composition were systematically investigated, alongside evaluations of thermal control performance and corrosion resistance. Results indicate that laser irradiation not only induces plasma discharge in the anodic region but also reduces discharge channel dimensions, thereby mitigating structural defects and refining microstructure. Furthermore, the coating exhibited a significant increase in the content of the black phase V₂O₃ and the corrosion-resistant phase Mg₂SiO₄, alongside simultaneous improvements in coating thickness and density. These factors collectively enhanced both the absorption and emission rates. The study demonstrates that the Laser/PEO composite process can concurrently enhance the thermal control performance and anti-corrosion properties of the coating, offering a novel approach for multifunctional surface protection of magnesium‑lithium alloys.

本研究成功地在镁锂合金表面制备了一种黑色热控陶瓷涂层，在250 ~ 2500 nm波长范围内的吸收率超过0.85，在2.5 ~ 16 μm波长范围内的发射率高于0.85。该涂层以NaVO3为着色剂，采用激光辅助等离子体电解氧化（Laser/PEO）复合工艺制备。通过高速成像、SEM、EDS、GDOES、XRD和XPS分析，系统地研究了等离子体放电行为、涂层形貌和元素组成，同时评估了热控制性能和耐腐蚀性。结果表明，激光辐照不仅在阳极区诱导等离子体放电，而且减小了放电通道尺寸，从而减轻了组织缺陷，细化了微观组织。此外，涂层的黑色相V2O3和耐腐蚀相Mg2SiO4的含量显著增加，同时涂层的厚度和密度也有所提高。这些因素共同提高了吸收率和排放率。研究表明，激光/PEO复合工艺可以同时提高涂层的热控制性能和抗腐蚀性能，为镁锂合金的多功能表面保护提供了一种新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and mechanical properties of CVD TiB0.19C0.37N0.44 hard coating CVD TiB0.19C0.37N0.44硬质涂层的热稳定性、抗氧化性和力学性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133226

Fangfang Zeng , Lianchang Qiu , Liying Wu , Jifei Zhu , Wei Cheng , Jin Wen , Yong Du , Xiaoshan Zeng

Nanocomposite TiBCN coatings are promising advanced materials owing to their high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. This study investigated the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of a TiB_0.19C_0.37N_0.44 coating deposited on WC-Co cemented carbide by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The as-deposited TiB_0.19C_0.37N_0.44 coating consisted of nanocrystalline Ti(C,N) and Ti(B,C) phases embedded in an amorphous CN/BN matrix. The incorporation of B atoms into the TiCN coating induced the formation of stacking faults, and the hardness of the TiB_0.19C_0.37N_0.44 coating reached 39.1 GPa. The coating maintained its original phase structure after vacuum annealing at temperatures up to 1200 °C. At 1300 °C, B atoms reacted with the WC-Co substrate to form the CoWB phase. With increasing vacuum annealing temperature, the coating hardness decreased continuously. This behavior is attributed to stress release, grain coarsening, B atom diffusion, and degradation of the nanocomposite structure. During oxidation, the coating exhibited a relatively slow oxidation rate at 600–700 °C. However, after oxidation at 800 °C, the reaction of C and B atoms with oxygen led to the formation and volatilization of CO and B₂O₃, generating pores and microcracks. In summary, the TiB_0.19C_0.37N_0.44 coating maintains a stable phase structure after vacuum annealing below 1300 °C, whereas it undergoes complete oxidation after air annealing at 900 °C. These findings indicate that the TiB_0.19C_0.37N_0.44 coating possesses considerable potential for high-temperature cutting applications.

纳米复合TiBCN涂层具有较高的硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，是一种很有前途的先进材料。研究了化学气相沉积法（CVD）在WC-Co硬质合金表面沉积TiB0.19C0.37N0.44涂层的热稳定性和抗氧化性。沉积的TiB0.19C0.37N0.44涂层由纳米晶Ti（C，N）和Ti（B，C）相嵌套在无定形CN/BN基体中。TiB0.19C0.37N0.44涂层的硬度达到39.1 GPa， B原子掺入TiB0.19C0.37N0.44涂层形成层错。在1200℃真空退火后，涂层保持了原有的相结构。在1300℃时，B原子与WC-Co底物反应形成CoWB相。随着真空退火温度的升高，涂层硬度不断降低。这种行为归因于应力释放、晶粒粗化、B原子扩散和纳米复合材料结构的降解。在氧化过程中，涂层在600 ~ 700℃表现出相对缓慢的氧化速率。但在800℃氧化后，C和B原子与氧反应，导致CO和B2O3的形成和挥发，产生孔洞和微裂纹。综上所述，TiB0.19C0.37N0.44涂层在1300℃以下真空退火后保持了稳定的相结构，而在900℃空气退火后则完全氧化。这些结果表明，TiB0.19C0.37N0.44涂层具有相当大的高温切削应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Design of superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings guided by full-process machine learning 基于全流程机器学习的超疏水防冰涂料设计

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133235

Zijie Zhang , Yiming Liu , Siyu Chen , Lulu Liu , Junjie Liu , Tao Hu , Ting Xiao , Lihua Jiang , Xu Li , Xinyi Li , Xinyu Tan

Superhydrophobic coatings hold immense potential in anti-icing applications. The preparation of superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings involves multi-parameter design such as coating components and substrate structures, which leads to high trial-and-error rates and unclear directionality in performance optimization. Here, we first report a full-process machine learning framework that integrates large language model, post-hoc explainable machine learning model, and Bayesian Optimization framework to guide the preparation of superhydrophobic coating with superior anti-icing performance. The FPMLF autonomously collected 217 sets of coating components data from 2315 published articles, constructed a regression model for coating components design based on the collected data, and achieved the high throughput screening and optimization of the complex process parameters of the substrate structure. Guided by this framework, we successfully fabricated a coating exhibiting a freezing delay time over 30-fold longer than bare substrate. This work provides systematic support and a methodological foundation for the rational design of advanced functional materials with coupled and complex performance requirements.

超疏水涂料在防冰应用中具有巨大的潜力。超疏水防冰涂料的制备涉及到涂料组分和基材结构等多参数设计，导致其性能优化的试错率高，方向性不明确。在这里，我们首先报告了一个集成了大型语言模型、事后可解释机器学习模型和贝叶斯优化框架的全过程机器学习框架，以指导具有优异防冰性能的超疏水涂层的制备。FPMLF从2315篇已发表的论文中自主收集了217组涂层组分数据，并基于收集到的数据构建了涂层组分设计的回归模型，实现了对衬底结构复杂工艺参数的高通量筛选和优化。在这个框架的指导下，我们成功地制造了一种涂层，其冻结延迟时间比裸基材长30倍以上。这项工作为具有耦合和复杂性能要求的先进功能材料的合理设计提供了系统支持和方法基础。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of biocorrosion and cytocompatibility of sol-gel deposited ceramic particles on plasma electrolytic oxidised ZM21 alloy for temporary orthopaedic implant application 等离子电解氧化ZM21合金溶胶-凝胶沉积陶瓷颗粒的生物腐蚀和细胞相容性评价

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133232

Nasiruddin U. , Thanvanth B.M. , Virutheeshwari VS , Mohankumar N. , Rama Krishna L. , Rameshbabu N.

To further improve the corrosion resistance and biological performance, such as bioactivity, cell adhesion, and cytocompatibility, of plasma electrolytic oxidised magnesium alloys, depositing ceramic particles onto the porous PEO surface via post-processing is a promising approach. The present research focuses on developing a biocompatible and bioactive surface by depositing ceramic materials (titania and silica) onto PEO-coated ZM21 alloy via the sol-gel post-processing approach. The findings suggest that the deposition of ceramic particles has reduced the wettability and surface roughness of the PEO-processed ZM21 alloy by sealing activity. The scratch tests revealed that the critical load of failure (L_c3) is 27.1 N for the PEO coating and increased to 33.1 N for the silica-deposited PEO sample. The PEO treatment improved the anti-corrosion property by four orders of magnitude by reducing the i_corr from 3.36 × 10⁻¹ mA/cm² for the substrate to 7.05 × 10⁻⁵ mA/cm² for the PEO-treated sample. The sol-gel deposition of either titania or silica particles as a post-treatment for PEO samples further reduced the i_corr to 2.25 × 10⁻⁶ mA/cm² and 7.58 × 10⁻⁷ mA/cm², respectively. The cytotoxicity test for the PEO-treated sample at 100% extract concentration showed cell viability of only 63%. In contrast, PEO samples post-treated with titania and silica sol-gel solutions exhibited enhanced cell viabilities of 75% and 83%, respectively, accompanied by increased cell adhesion on the sample surfaces. Considering all the physical, biological, and electrochemical behaviour of the various samples, the silica sol-gel post-treated PEO sample exhibited excellent degradation resistance and cell viability, indicating that it can be a viable material for temporary orthopaedic implant applications.

为了进一步提高等离子电解氧化镁合金的耐腐蚀性和生物性能，如生物活性、细胞粘附性和细胞相容性，通过后处理将陶瓷颗粒沉积在多孔PEO表面是一种很有前途的方法。目前的研究重点是通过溶胶-凝胶后处理方法将陶瓷材料（二氧化钛和二氧化硅）沉积在peo涂层的ZM21合金上，以开发生物相容性和生物活性表面。结果表明，陶瓷颗粒的沉积通过密封活性降低了peo加工ZM21合金的润湿性和表面粗糙度。划痕试验表明，PEO涂层的临界失效载荷（Lc3）为27.1 N，而二氧化硅沉积PEO样品的临界失效载荷（Lc3）为33.1 N。PEO处理将基体的icorr从3.36 × 10−1 mA/cm2降低到7.05 × 10−5 mA/cm2，提高了4个数量级的防腐性能。作为PEO样品后处理的二氧化钛或二氧化硅颗粒的溶胶-凝胶沉积进一步降低了icorr，分别为2.25 × 10−6 mA/cm2和7.58 × 10−7 mA/cm2。经peo处理的样品在100%提取物浓度下的细胞毒性试验显示，细胞存活率仅为63%。相比之下，用二氧化钛和二氧化硅溶胶-凝胶溶液处理后的PEO样品，细胞存活率分别提高了75%和83%，同时细胞在样品表面的粘附也增加了。考虑到各种样品的所有物理，生物和电化学行为，硅胶溶胶-凝胶后处理的PEO样品具有优异的降解抗性和细胞活力，表明它可以成为临时骨科植入物应用的可行材料。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the growth mechanism and properties of Zn-Al-Mg alloy thermal diffusion coatings Zn-Al-Mg合金热扩散涂层生长机理及性能研究

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133230

Xin Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Zihan Zhao , Wenlong Guo , An Du , Yong Wang , Ruina Ma , Yongzhe Fan , Xue Zhao , Xiaoming Cao

Zn-Al-Mg powder co-diffusion was performed on Q235 steel using a mechanical energy-assisted diffusion process. The resulting ZAM alloy diffusion coating comprised an inner FeZn layer composed of δ(FeZn₁₀) and Γ(Fe₁₁Zn₄₀) phases, while the outer layer exhibited a multiphase structure distributed discontinuously in island-like or dot-like patterns on the δ-phase surface. The multiphase structure exhibits layered characteristics extending outward from the δ phase: an Al-rich layer composed of Al₂O₃ and FeAl phases; a Mg-rich layer interwoven with MgAl phases, MgZn phases, and MgO; and an amorphous ZnO layer. The growth mechanism is investigated by this study, revealing that during the primary co-diffusion phase, a 20 μm FeZn layer formed first on the substrate. Subsequently, increased Al atoms combined with Fe atoms within the FeZn phase to form an FeAl layer, thereby inhibiting FeZn layer growth. Finally, active Mg atoms form a Mg-rich layer on the surface of the FeAl layer. Mg-rich layer combines with Al atoms to form a MgAl phase and induces lattice distortion, thereby inhibiting FeAl layer growth. Throughout the process, the removal of HCl exposes the FeZn layer and restores its normal growth. Eventually, under this dynamic mechanism, a complex, multi-phase outer structure is formed. The self-corrosion current (J_corr) of the ZAM diffusion coating (1.673 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm²) markedly lower than the ZA diffusion coating (5.499 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm²). While the ZAM diffusion coating exhibited a weight gain of 1.182 ± 0.075 mg/cm² after 120 h of oxidation at 500 °C, which was slightly higher than the ZA diffusion coating but considerably lower than Q235 steel.

采用机械能辅助扩散法对Q235钢进行了Zn-Al-Mg粉末共扩散。得到的ZAM合金扩散涂层为内FeZn层，由δ(FeZn10)和Γ（Fe11Zn40）相组成，外FeZn层为多相结构，δ相表面呈不连续的岛状或点状分布。多相结构表现出从δ相向外延伸的层状特征：由Al2O3和FeAl相组成的富al层；由MgAl相、MgZn相和MgO相互交织的富镁层；无定形ZnO层。研究结果表明，在初生共扩散阶段，首先在基体上形成20 μm FeZn层；随后，增加的Al原子与FeZn相内的Fe原子结合形成FeAl层，从而抑制FeZn层的生长。最后，活性Mg原子在FeAl层表面形成富Mg层。富mg层与Al原子结合形成MgAl相，引起晶格畸变，从而抑制FeAl层的生长。在整个过程中，HCl的去除使FeZn层暴露并恢复其正常生长。最终，在这种动态机制下，形成了复杂的多相外部结构。ZAM扩散涂层的自腐蚀电流（Jcorr）为1.673 × 10−5 A/cm2，明显低于ZA扩散涂层的5.499 × 10−5 A/cm2。500℃氧化120 h后，ZAM扩散涂层的增重为1.182±0.075 mg/cm2，略高于ZA扩散涂层，但明显低于Q235钢。

{"title":"Study on the growth mechanism and properties of Zn-Al-Mg alloy thermal diffusion coatings","authors":"Xin Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Zihan Zhao , Wenlong Guo , An Du , Yong Wang , Ruina Ma , Yongzhe Fan , Xue Zhao , Xiaoming Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zn-Al-Mg powder co-diffusion was performed on Q235 steel using a mechanical energy-assisted diffusion process. The resulting ZAM alloy diffusion coating comprised an inner Fe<img>Zn layer composed of δ(FeZn<sub>10</sub>) and Γ(Fe<sub>11</sub>Zn<sub>40</sub>) phases, while the outer layer exhibited a multiphase structure distributed discontinuously in island-like or dot-like patterns on the δ-phase surface. The multiphase structure exhibits layered characteristics extending outward from the δ phase: an Al-rich layer composed of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe<img>Al phases; a Mg-rich layer interwoven with Mg<img>Al phases, Mg<img>Zn phases, and MgO; and an amorphous ZnO layer. The growth mechanism is investigated by this study, revealing that during the primary co-diffusion phase, a 20 μm Fe<img>Zn layer formed first on the substrate. Subsequently, increased Al atoms combined with Fe atoms within the Fe<img>Zn phase to form an Fe<img>Al layer, thereby inhibiting Fe<img>Zn layer growth. Finally, active Mg atoms form a Mg-rich layer on the surface of the Fe<img>Al layer. Mg-rich layer combines with Al atoms to form a Mg<img>Al phase and induces lattice distortion, thereby inhibiting Fe<img>Al layer growth. Throughout the process, the removal of HCl exposes the Fe<img>Zn layer and restores its normal growth. Eventually, under this dynamic mechanism, a complex, multi-phase outer structure is formed. The self-corrosion current (J<sub>corr</sub>) of the ZAM diffusion coating (1.673 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>) markedly lower than the ZA diffusion coating (5.499 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>). While the ZAM diffusion coating exhibited a weight gain of 1.182 ± 0.075 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> after 120 h of oxidation at 500 °C, which was slightly higher than the ZA diffusion coating but considerably lower than Q235 steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"523 ","pages":"Article 133230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlled thermal oxidation of AlCrYTiZr high-entropy alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance and mechanical properties AlCrYTiZr高熵合金的可控热氧化提高了耐蚀性和机械性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133234

Chunyu Wang , Shu Xiao , Chunming Wu , Zishuo Ye , Hu Zhang , Wenhao Wang , Saihua Jiang , Qingdong Ruan , Yi Wu , Paul K. Chu

High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings show great promise for corrosion protection of critical marine component surfaces but are limited by passive film degradation during long-term service in extreme marine environments. In this study, amorphous AlCrYTiZr HEA coatings are deposited on X70 steel by magnetron sputtering and then thermally oxidized at 400 °C for 2, 30, or 60 min to form AlCrYTiZrO_x (x = 31.7, 41.4, or 46.0) coatings. It is observed that extending the thermal oxidation time to 30 min resulted in the formation of a dense oxide layer (∼200 nm thick) on the coating surface, accompanied by oxygen slow diffusion into the coating interior. Furthermore, thermal oxidation enhances the adhesion between the coating and the substrate. The combined action of the surface oxide layer and amorphous coating structure effectively blocks the penetration of the external corrosive medium. As a result, AlCrYTiZrO_41.4 shows a self-corrosion current density of 2.7 × 10⁻⁹ A/cm² and hardness of 17.87 GPa. Compared to the as-deposited AlCrYTiZr HEA coating, the self-corrosion current density of the coating decreases by a factor of 14, while the hardness increases by 2.37 times. The results reveal a concise and efficient strategy for enhancing HEA coating performance, thereby expanding its potential for corrosion protection applications on X70 steel surfaces.

高熵合金（HEA）涂层在海洋关键部件表面的防腐方面显示出巨大的前景，但在极端海洋环境中长期使用时，受被动膜降解的限制。在本研究中，通过磁控溅射将非晶AlCrYTiZr HEA涂层沉积在X70钢上，然后在400°C下进行2,30或60分钟的热氧化，形成AlCrYTiZrOx （x = 31.7, 41.4或46.0）涂层。观察到，将热氧化时间延长至30 min后，涂层表面形成致密的氧化层（约200 nm厚），同时氧气缓慢扩散到涂层内部。此外，热氧化增强了涂层与基材之间的附着力。表面氧化层和非晶涂层结构的共同作用有效地阻挡了外部腐蚀介质的渗透。结果表明，AlCrYTiZrO41.4合金的自腐蚀电流密度为2.7 × 10−9 a /cm2，硬度为17.87 GPa。与沉积AlCrYTiZr HEA涂层相比，涂层的自腐蚀电流密度降低了14倍，硬度提高了2.37倍。结果揭示了一种提高HEA涂层性能的简洁有效的策略，从而扩大了其在X70钢表面防腐应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of ultrasonic shot peening on the sliding wear and corrosion resistance of Ni-P/Ni multi-layered coating on 15-5PH stainless steel 超声喷丸强化对15-5PH不锈钢Ni- p /Ni多层涂层滑动磨损及耐蚀性能的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133231

Chaorun Si , Chuyang Xiao , Chenyu Qi

This study investigates the application of an Ultrasonic Shot Peening (USP) technique for surface treatment of Ni-P/Ni multi-layered coating on stainless steel. The effects of USP on the phase composition, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the multi-layered coating were examined. Experimental results indicate that USP treatment can effectively enhance the surface hardness of the coating. For instance, the sample subjected to 960 s of USP achieved a surface hardness of 693 HV_0.050, representing a 14% increase compared to the untreated substrate. Although no phase transformation was induced, the improved surface hardness and residual stress resulting from adequate USP duration were observed to contribute to notable enhancements in both tribological performance and corrosion resistance. Notably, the sample treated for 960 s exhibited the most substantial improvement in both wear and corrosion resistance.

研究了超声喷丸技术在不锈钢Ni- p /Ni多层涂层表面处理中的应用。考察了USP对多层涂层相组成、耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明，USP处理能有效提高涂层的表面硬度。例如，经过960秒USP处理的样品表面硬度达到693 HV0.050，与未经处理的基材相比提高了14%。虽然没有引起相变，但由于足够的USP持续时间，表面硬度和残余应力得到了改善，从而显著提高了摩擦学性能和耐腐蚀性。值得注意的是，经过960s处理的样品在耐磨性和耐腐蚀性方面都表现出最显著的改善。

引用次数: 0

Development of multifunctional AgFeNi and AgCoNi ternary alloy coatings: Microstructure, corrosion and tribological behavior 多功能AgFeNi和AgCoNi三元合金涂层的发展：显微组织、腐蚀和摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133227

A. Shah , R.K. Rai

In this study, AgFeNi and AgCoNi ternary alloy coatings were electrodeposited on Cu substrates employing nitrate-based electrolytes. The structural analysis showed that AgFeNi exhibited an FCC solid solution with a small amount of Ag (δ) phase, while AgCoNi coating forms a single-phase FCC structure. Surface analysis of as-deposited coatings showed that the AgCoNi was homogeneous and more compact, with higher hydrophobicity (contact angle 98°) and lower roughness (Ra = 0.143 μm) in comparison to AgFeNi (82°; Ra = 1.214 μm). Electrochemical tests in a 3.5% NaCl solution revealed that the AgCoNi coating displayed better corrosion resistance as it has a significantly lower corrosion current density (0.97 vs. 4.27 μA/cm²) and high charge transfer resistance. The higher corrosion resistance of AgCoNi coating is ascribed to the formation of a stable passive film (Co₃O₄ and NiO). Moreover, AgCoNi also showed improved lubrication, reduced friction, and a lower wear rate (8.4 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/N·m vs. 2.09 × 10⁻⁴ mm³/N·). In contrast, AgFeNi exhibited relatively lower corrosion and wear resistance. This study highlights the correlation between microstructure, electrochemical performance, and tribological behavior, offering valuable insights for the development of multifunctional ternary coatings for advanced mechanical and electronic systems.

在本研究中，AgFeNi和AgCoNi三元合金涂层采用硝酸基电解质在Cu衬底上电沉积。结构分析表明，AgFeNi涂层为含少量Ag （δ）相的FCC固溶体，而AgCoNi涂层为单相FCC结构。表面分析表明，与AgFeNi（接触角82°，Ra = 1.214 μm）相比，AgCoNi具有更高的疏水性（接触角98°）和更低的粗糙度（Ra = 0.143 μm），镀层更加致密均匀。在3.5% NaCl溶液中电化学测试表明，AgCoNi涂层具有较低的腐蚀电流密度（0.97 μA/cm2 vs. 4.27 μA/cm2）和较高的电荷转移电阻，具有较好的耐腐蚀性。AgCoNi涂层具有较高的耐腐蚀性是由于形成了稳定的钝化膜（Co₃O₄和NiO）。此外，AgCoNi还表现出更好的润滑，减少摩擦和更低的磨损率（8.4 × 10−5 mm3/N·m vs. 2.09 × 10−4 mm3/N·）。相比之下，AgFeNi具有相对较低的耐蚀性和耐磨性。该研究强调了微观结构、电化学性能和摩擦学行为之间的相关性，为开发用于先进机械和电子系统的多功能三元涂层提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructures and tribological performances of laser-clad AlCrTi0.5/xTiC composite coatings on pure Ti sheet 纯钛板上激光熔覆AlCrTi0.5/xTiC复合涂层的组织与摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133224

Zhihao Li , Min Zhang , Linjiang Chai , Jingyi Zhang , Yu Yang , Jiangping Liu , Dongsheng Wang , Renju Cheng

In this work, high-performance AlCrTi_0.5/xTiC (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15) composite coatings are successfully fabricated on pure Ti substrate through laser cladding. Systematic microstructural characterizations reveal that these coatings predominantly consist of β-Ti matrix and a number of second phase particles (SPPs). With increasing TiC additions, the morphology of the SPPs gradually evolves from spherical to petal-like or dendritic shapes. Due to synergistic effect of the Marangoni convection and the Stokes flow dynamics during the laser process, these SPPs prefer to be aligned in streamlined patterns in the molten pool. All the coatings show substantially improved hardness and wear resistance compared to the substrate. While the 15TiC coating exhibits the highest microhardness due to pronounced precipitation strengthening, the 10TiC coating exhibits the best wear resistance despite its slightly lower hardness. Detailed microstructural analyses suggest that the oversized SPPs in the 15TiC coating could induce premature spalling during reciprocating friction tests. The detached SPPs will act as third-body abrasives, leading to undesired three-body wear and thereby slightly degraded wear performance, compared to the 10TiC coating.

通过激光熔覆，在纯钛基体上成功制备了高性能AlCrTi0.5/xTiC （x = 0,5,10和15）复合涂层。系统的微观结构表征表明，这些涂层主要由β-Ti基体和一些第二相颗粒（SPPs）组成。随着TiC添加量的增加，SPPs的形貌逐渐由球形演变为花瓣状或枝晶状。由于激光过程中马兰戈尼对流和斯托克斯流动力学的协同作用，这些spp在熔池中更倾向于以流线型排列。与基体相比，所有涂层的硬度和耐磨性都得到了显著提高。15TiC涂层由于明显的析出强化而表现出最高的显微硬度，而10TiC涂层虽然硬度略低，但却表现出最好的耐磨性。详细的显微组织分析表明，在往复摩擦试验中，15TiC涂层中超大的spp可能导致涂层过早剥落。与10TiC涂层相比，分离的spp将充当第三体磨料，导致不希望的三体磨损，从而略微降低磨损性能。

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引用次数: 0

FeCrCoNiAlTiWMoTaNb high entropy alloy coatings fabricated by wire–powder hybrid additive manufacturing: Microstructural and tribological behavior 线粉复合增材制造制备FeCrCoNiAlTiWMoTaNb高熵合金涂层：显微组织和摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133223

Lei Liu , Yugang Miao , Ji Liu , Yuyang Zhao , Yifan Wu , Yuhang Yang , Benshun Zhang , Ruizhi Wu

High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings offer a highly promising strategy for enhancing the wear resistance of stainless steels under harsh service conditions. Here, we report a refractory FeCrCoNiAlTiWMoTaNb HEA coating fabricated on 316 L stainless steel via an advanced arc wire–powder hybrid directed energy deposition (AWP-DED) process. This approach enables single-pass deposition of millimeter-thick coatings with defect-free metallurgical bonding and uniform elemental distribution. The coating primarily consists of a BCC solid-solution matrix with abundant fine equiaxed grains (average size ∼31.8 μm), attributed to the precipitation of refractory W, Ta, Nb, and Mo elements along grain boundaries that effectively hinder grain growth. Within the grains, numerous nanoscale σ-phase precipitates are homogeneously distributed in the (Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Ti)-enriched BCC matrix. The coating exhibits an impressive microhardness of 690 HV—over three times higher than that of the 316 L substrate. Friction and wear tests reveal a 92.1% reduction in wear volume compared with 316 L stainless steel. During sliding, the coating demonstrates adaptive friction behavior, with the coefficient of friction decreasing from 0.665 to a stable value of 0.396. EBSD and TEM analyses indicate that the superior wear resistance arises from the synergistic effects of abundant high-angle grain boundaries, nanoscale refractory precipitates, and the dynamic formation of a compact oxide film that provides self-lubricating protection.

高熵合金（HEA）涂层为提高不锈钢在恶劣使用条件下的耐磨性提供了一种非常有前途的策略。在这里，我们报告了一种采用先进的电弧线粉混合定向能沉积（AWP-DED）工艺在316 L不锈钢上制备的耐火FeCrCoNiAlTiWMoTaNb HEA涂层。这种方法使单道沉积毫米厚的涂层具有无缺陷的冶金结合和均匀的元素分布。涂层主要由BCC固溶体基体组成，具有丰富的细等轴晶粒（平均尺寸为~ 31.8 μm），这是由于沿晶界析出的难熔W、Ta、Nb和Mo元素有效地阻碍了晶粒的生长。晶粒内部，大量纳米级σ相均匀分布在富（Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Ti）的BCC基体中。涂层的显微硬度高达690 hv，是316l基体的三倍以上。摩擦和磨损试验表明，与316l不锈钢相比，磨损量减少了92.1%。在滑动过程中，涂层表现出自适应摩擦行为，摩擦系数从0.665降至0.396的稳定值。EBSD和TEM分析表明，优异的耐磨性源于丰富的高角度晶界、纳米级难熔析出物和提供自润滑保护的致密氧化膜的动态形成的协同作用。

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