Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献_第2页

The influence of nitrogen content on the microstructure and properties of W-Ta-Cr-V-N refractory high-entropy nitrides 氮含量对 W-Ta-Cr-V-N 高熵难熔氮化物微观结构和性能的影响

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131475

Lingling Wang, Lingmin La, Jialei Zhao, Guanjie Liang, Zechen Yang, Zhong Guan, Minghui Shi, Lin Qin

To enhance the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) and to identify materials better suited for severe high-temperature and corrosive environments, this study utilized a double glow plasma surface alloying technique to fabricate a W-Ta-Cr-V-N refractory high-entropy nitride coating on a W substrate. The microstructure and phase structure of the samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated through microhardness testing, while their corrosion performance was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The study investigated the effects of different nitrogen contents on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the BCC-structured W-Ta-Cr-V alloy in the past tense. The study found that the doping of an appropriate amount of nitrogen can lead to the formation of FCC and HCP structured nitrides. As the nitrogen content increases, there is a significant change in the preferred orientation of the coating. When the nitrogen content is 16.6 at.%, the distribution of the nitrides is uneven, resulting in increased surface undulations and roughness. Conversely, when the nitrogen content is elevated to 48.1 at.%, the clustering of surface nitride particles becomes more pronounced, leading to a decrease in the coating density. The thickness of the nitride coatings is around 10 μm, with a slight decrease in thickness as the nitrogen content increases. The hardness of the coatings is significantly superior to that of the W-Ta-Cr-V alloy films, reaching up to 3465 HV_0.25 in the highest instance. The introduction of 31.4 at.% nitrogen results in the densest coating, effectively enhancing the corrosion resistance of the refractory high-entropy alloy. Therefore, the doping of an appropriate amount of nitrogen can alter the microstructure of the refractory high-entropy alloy, improve its mechanical properties, and enhance its chemical stability.

为了提高难熔高熵合金（RHEAs）的机械性能和耐腐蚀性，并确定更适合严酷高温和腐蚀环境的材料，本研究利用双辉光等离子体表面合金化技术在 W 基体上制造了 W-Ta-Cr-V-N 难熔高熵氮化物涂层。使用扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射仪对样品的微观结构和相结构进行了表征。通过显微硬度测试评估了样品的机械性能，并通过电位极化和电化学阻抗光谱测量评估了样品的腐蚀性能。研究调查了不同氮含量对 BCC 结构 W-Ta-Cr-V 合金的微观结构、机械性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究发现，掺入适量的氮可以形成 FCC 和 HCP 结构氮化物。随着氮含量的增加，涂层的优先取向发生了显著变化。当氮含量为 16.6%时，氮化物的分布不均匀，导致表面起伏和粗糙度增加。相反，当氮含量提高到 48.1 at.% 时，表面氮化物颗粒的聚集变得更加明显，导致涂层密度降低。氮化物涂层的厚度约为 10 μm，随着氮含量的增加，厚度略有下降。涂层的硬度明显优于 W-Ta-Cr-V 合金薄膜，最高可达 3465 HV0.25。氮含量为 31.4%时，涂层的密度最大，有效提高了难熔高熵合金的耐腐蚀性。因此，掺入适量的氮可以改变耐火高熵合金的微观结构，改善其机械性能，并提高其化学稳定性。

{"title":"The influence of nitrogen content on the microstructure and properties of W-Ta-Cr-V-N refractory high-entropy nitrides","authors":"Lingling Wang, Lingmin La, Jialei Zhao, Guanjie Liang, Zechen Yang, Zhong Guan, Minghui Shi, Lin Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) and to identify materials better suited for severe high-temperature and corrosive environments, this study utilized a double glow plasma surface alloying technique to fabricate a W-Ta-Cr-V-N refractory high-entropy nitride coating on a W substrate. The microstructure and phase structure of the samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated through microhardness testing, while their corrosion performance was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The study investigated the effects of different nitrogen contents on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the BCC-structured W-Ta-Cr-V alloy in the past tense. The study found that the doping of an appropriate amount of nitrogen can lead to the formation of FCC and HCP structured nitrides. As the nitrogen content increases, there is a significant change in the preferred orientation of the coating. When the nitrogen content is 16.6 at.%, the distribution of the nitrides is uneven, resulting in increased surface undulations and roughness. Conversely, when the nitrogen content is elevated to 48.1 at.%, the clustering of surface nitride particles becomes more pronounced, leading to a decrease in the coating density. The thickness of the nitride coatings is around 10 μm, with a slight decrease in thickness as the nitrogen content increases. The hardness of the coatings is significantly superior to that of the W-Ta-Cr-V alloy films, reaching up to 3465 HV<sub>0.25</sub> in the highest instance. The introduction of 31.4 at.% nitrogen results in the densest coating, effectively enhancing the corrosion resistance of the refractory high-entropy alloy. Therefore, the doping of an appropriate amount of nitrogen can alter the microstructure of the refractory high-entropy alloy, improve its mechanical properties, and enhance its chemical stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131475"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on the high temperature tribological behaviors of pristine and plasma-based Mo-Si-Ti coated γ-TiAl 原始钼-硅-钛涂层和等离子体涂层γ-钛-铝的高温摩擦学行为研究

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131512

Fengkun Li , Pingze Zhang , Dongbo Wei , Rajdeep Singh Rawat , Bo Ouyang , Rongqing Liang , Hepeng Jia , Rongjian Tai

A Mo-Si-Ti coated γ-TiAl substrate was fabricated using plasma alloying technology to enhance its high temperature wear resistance. The coated substrate was composed of a deposition layer and a diffusion layer, with the grain size decreasing from the substrate toward the coating, forming a gradient structure. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the deposition layer included the (Ti, Mo)₅Si₃, TiSi and MoSi₂, while the diffusion layer consisted of the γ-TiAl, TiSi and Al₈Mo₃. Nanoindentation results showed that the coated substrate exhibited high hardness (19.6 GPa), as well as high plastic deformation resistance and load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the presence of residual compressive stress (−1255.9 MPa), stress concentrations at interfaces between different phases and gradient structure contributed to the high surface fracture toughness of the coated substrate. Wear testing indicated that the lower nanomechanical properties of pristine substrate combined with the dynamic cyclic generation of oxide film during high temperature friction caused to an increase in specific wear rate at loads of 4.2 N and 6.2 N. However, post-oxidation hardness elevation as well as the lubrication and supportive effect of extensively covered oxide film reduced the wear rate as load increased to 8.2 N. The transition from residual compressive stress to tensile stress along with the formation of oxides at grain boundaries reduced the surface fracture toughness of the coated substrate. Meanwhile, the rapid formation and spalling of oxide film resulted in an increase in the specific wear rate of the coated substrate with increasing load. Nevertheless, coated substrate exhibited better wear resistance than pristine substrate owing to its higher surface mechanical properties. The specific wear rates of the coated substrate were 3.7, 6.0 and 19.5 × 10⁻⁵ mm³N⁻¹ m⁻¹ at loads of 4.2, 6.2 and 8.2 N, respectively, reflecting reductions of 88.9 %, 84.3 %, and 34.6 % compared to the pristine substrate.

利用等离子合金化技术制作了钼-硅-钛涂层γ-钛铝基片，以增强其高温耐磨性。涂层基底由沉积层和扩散层组成，晶粒尺寸从基底向涂层方向递减，形成梯度结构。XRD 和 TEM 分析表明，沉积层包括 (Ti，Mo)5Si3、TiSi 和 MoSi2，而扩散层包括 γ-TiAl、TiSi 和 Al8Mo3。纳米压痕测试结果表明，涂层基底具有高硬度（19.6 GPa）、高抗塑性变形能力和承载能力。此外，残余压应力（-1255.9 兆帕）的存在、不同相界面处的应力集中以及梯度结构也是涂层基底表面断裂韧性高的原因。磨损测试表明，原始基底的纳米力学性能较低，加上高温摩擦时氧化膜的动态循环生成，导致在 4.2 N 和 6.2 N 负载下的比磨损率增加。然而，氧化后硬度的提高以及广泛覆盖的氧化膜的润滑和支撑作用降低了负载增加到 8.2 N 时的磨损率。同时，氧化膜的快速形成和剥落导致涂层基底的比磨损率随着载荷的增加而增加。尽管如此，由于表面机械性能较高，涂层基底的耐磨性仍优于原始基底。在负载为 4.2、6.2 和 8.2 N 时，涂层基底的比磨损率分别为 3.7、6.0 和 19.5 × 10-5 mm3N-1 m-1，与原始基底相比分别降低了 88.9 %、84.3 % 和 34.6 %。

{"title":"Investigation on the high temperature tribological behaviors of pristine and plasma-based Mo-Si-Ti coated γ-TiAl","authors":"Fengkun Li , Pingze Zhang , Dongbo Wei , Rajdeep Singh Rawat , Bo Ouyang , Rongqing Liang , Hepeng Jia , Rongjian Tai","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Mo-Si-Ti coated γ-TiAl substrate was fabricated using plasma alloying technology to enhance its high temperature wear resistance. The coated substrate was composed of a deposition layer and a diffusion layer, with the grain size decreasing from the substrate toward the coating, forming a gradient structure. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the deposition layer included the (Ti, Mo)<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>, TiSi and MoSi<sub>2</sub>, while the diffusion layer consisted of the γ-TiAl, TiSi and Al<sub>8</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>. Nanoindentation results showed that the coated substrate exhibited high hardness (19.6 GPa), as well as high plastic deformation resistance and load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the presence of residual compressive stress (−1255.9 MPa), stress concentrations at interfaces between different phases and gradient structure contributed to the high surface fracture toughness of the coated substrate. Wear testing indicated that the lower nanomechanical properties of pristine substrate combined with the dynamic cyclic generation of oxide film during high temperature friction caused to an increase in specific wear rate at loads of 4.2 N and 6.2 N. However, post-oxidation hardness elevation as well as the lubrication and supportive effect of extensively covered oxide film reduced the wear rate as load increased to 8.2 N. The transition from residual compressive stress to tensile stress along with the formation of oxides at grain boundaries reduced the surface fracture toughness of the coated substrate. Meanwhile, the rapid formation and spalling of oxide film resulted in an increase in the specific wear rate of the coated substrate with increasing load. Nevertheless, coated substrate exhibited better wear resistance than pristine substrate owing to its higher surface mechanical properties. The specific wear rates of the coated substrate were 3.7, 6.0 and 19.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>N<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−1</sup> at loads of 4.2, 6.2 and 8.2 N, respectively, reflecting reductions of 88.9 %, 84.3 %, and 34.6 % compared to the pristine substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131512"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural and mechanical properties of TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited in an industrial-scale HiPIMS system: Effect of the Si incorporation 在工业规模的 HiPIMS 系统中沉积的 TiN/CrN 和 TiSiN/CrN 多层涂层的微观结构和机械性能：硅掺入量的影响

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131461

N. Sala , M. Rebelo de Figueiredo , R. Franz , C. Kainz , J.C. Sánchez-López , T.C. Rojas , D. Fernández de los Reyes , C. Colominas , M.D. Abad

Surface engineering through the deposition of advanced coatings, particularly multilayer coatings has gained significant interest for enhancing the performance of coated parts. The incorporation of Si into TiN coatings has shown promise for improving hardness, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability, while high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) has emerged as a technique to deposit coatings with exceptional properties. However, TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN coatings deposited by HiPIMS remain relatively unexplored. In this study, different TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings with different bilayer periods from 5 to 85 nm were deposited using an industrial-scale HiPIMS reactor, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using advanced characterization techniques. Results revealed successful deposition of smooth and compact coatings with controlled bilayer periods. X-ray diffraction analysis showed separate crystalline phases for coatings with high bilayer periods, while those with smaller bilayer periods exhibited peak-overlapping and superlattice overtones, especially for the TiN/CrN coatings. Epitaxial grain growth was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements confirmed Si incorporation into the TiN crystal lattice of TiSiN/CrN coatings reducing the crystallinity, especially for coatings with smaller bilayer periods. Nanoindentation tests revealed that coatings with a bilayer period of 15–20 nm displayed the highest hardness values regardless of the composition. The mechanical properties of the TiSiN/CrN coatings showed no improvement over those of the TiN/CrN coatings, attributed to the Si induced amorphization of the Ti(Si)N phase and the absence of SiN_x phase segregation within the TiN nanocrystals in these coatings. These findings provide valuable insights into the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited by HiPIMS in an industrial scale reactor, paving the way for their application in various industrial sectors.

通过沉积先进涂层，特别是多层涂层进行表面工程，以提高涂层部件的性能，已引起人们的极大兴趣。在 TiN 涂层中加入 Si 有望提高硬度、抗氧化性和热稳定性，而高功率脉冲磁控溅射 (HiPIMS) 已成为一种沉积具有特殊性能涂层的技术。然而，通过 HiPIMS 沉积的 TiN/CrN 和 TiSiN/CrN 涂层仍相对缺乏研究。在这项研究中，使用工业规模的 HiPIMS 反应器沉积了不同的 TiN/CrN 和 TiSiN/CrN 多层涂层，其双层层周期从 5 纳米到 85 纳米不等，并使用先进的表征技术研究了它们的微观结构和机械性能。结果表明，成功沉积出了具有可控双层周期的光滑致密涂层。X 射线衍射分析表明，双层周期较高的涂层具有独立的结晶相，而双层周期较小的涂层则表现出峰值重叠和超晶格泛音，尤其是在 TiN/CrN 涂层中。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）证实了外延晶粒生长。高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和电子能量损失光谱测量证实，硅加入到 TiSiN/CrN 涂层的 TiN 晶格中降低了结晶度，尤其是双层周期较小的涂层。纳米压痕测试表明，无论成分如何，双层周期为 15-20 nm 的涂层显示出最高的硬度值。与 TiN/CrN 涂层相比，TiSiN/CrN 涂层的机械性能没有改善，这归因于 Si 诱导了 Ti(Si)N 相的非晶化，以及这些涂层中的 TiN 纳米晶内没有 SiNx 相偏析。这些发现为在工业规模反应器中通过 HiPIMS 沉积 TiN/CrN 和 TiSiN/CrN 多层涂层的微观结构和机械性能提供了宝贵的见解，为它们在各种工业领域的应用铺平了道路。

{"title":"Microstructural and mechanical properties of TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited in an industrial-scale HiPIMS system: Effect of the Si incorporation","authors":"N. Sala , M. Rebelo de Figueiredo , R. Franz , C. Kainz , J.C. Sánchez-López , T.C. Rojas , D. Fernández de los Reyes , C. Colominas , M.D. Abad","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface engineering through the deposition of advanced coatings, particularly multilayer coatings has gained significant interest for enhancing the performance of coated parts. The incorporation of Si into TiN coatings has shown promise for improving hardness, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability, while high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) has emerged as a technique to deposit coatings with exceptional properties. However, TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN coatings deposited by HiPIMS remain relatively unexplored. In this study, different TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings with different bilayer periods from 5 to 85 nm were deposited using an industrial-scale HiPIMS reactor, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using advanced characterization techniques. Results revealed successful deposition of smooth and compact coatings with controlled bilayer periods. X-ray diffraction analysis showed separate crystalline phases for coatings with high bilayer periods, while those with smaller bilayer periods exhibited peak-overlapping and superlattice overtones, especially for the TiN/CrN coatings. Epitaxial grain growth was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements confirmed Si incorporation into the TiN crystal lattice of TiSiN/CrN coatings reducing the crystallinity, especially for coatings with smaller bilayer periods. Nanoindentation tests revealed that coatings with a bilayer period of 15–20 nm displayed the highest hardness values regardless of the composition. The mechanical properties of the TiSiN/CrN coatings showed no improvement over those of the TiN/CrN coatings, attributed to the Si induced amorphization of the Ti(<em>Si</em>)N phase and the absence of SiN<sub>x</sub> phase segregation within the TiN nanocrystals in these coatings. These findings provide valuable insights into the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/CrN and TiSiN/CrN multilayer coatings deposited by HiPIMS in an industrial scale reactor, paving the way for their application in various industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facile fabrication of TiN coatings to enhance the corrosion resistance of stainless steel 轻松制作 TiN 涂层，提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131450

Ke Chen , Yiting Pan , Gongbin Tang , Dongyang Liang , Haobing Hu , Xiaochu Liu , Zhongwei Liang

Stainless steel, widely used for its excellent mechanical properties, suffers from low surface hardness that reduces its corrosion resistance. Herein, a straightforward ultrasonic shot peening technique was employed to fabricate a TiN coating (USG) that is well-bonded to the substrate. Corrosion tests demonstrated a significant decrease in corrosion current density (i_corr) from 6.09 × 10⁻⁷ A·cm⁻² to 7.40 × 10⁻⁹ A·cm⁻², and the corrosion rate decreased from 299.49 mm/year to 121.67 mm/year. The high-energy processing chamber facilitated rapid formation of a chemically-bonded TiN layer. The chemical inertness of TiN in environments containing water and chloride ions helps to avoid corrosive reactions, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of the USG samples. Further AIMD calculations reveal the corrosion-resistant mechanism of TiN at the atomic scale, showing strong chemical bonding between TiN and the substrate, forming a dense protective layer. Additionally, the chemical inertness of TiN in saline environments effectively prevents substrate corrosion. This work demonstrates a novel and effective approach for fabricating corrosion-resistant coatings on stainless steel surfaces.

不锈钢因其优异的机械性能而被广泛使用，但其表面硬度较低，从而降低了其耐腐蚀性能。在此，我们采用了一种直接的超声波喷丸强化技术来制造与基体结合良好的 TiN 涂层 (USG)。腐蚀测试表明，腐蚀电流密度（icorr）从 6.09 × 10-7 A-cm-2 显著降至 7.40 × 10-9 A-cm-2，腐蚀速率从 299.49 毫米/年降至 121.67 毫米/年。高能加工室有助于快速形成化学键合的 TiN 层。在含有水和氯离子的环境中，TiN 的化学惰性有助于避免腐蚀反应，从而提高 USG 样品的耐腐蚀性。进一步的 AIMD 计算揭示了 TiN 在原子尺度上的抗腐蚀机理，显示了 TiN 与基底之间的强化学键，形成了致密的保护层。此外，TiN 在盐碱环境中的化学惰性能有效防止基底腐蚀。这项工作展示了在不锈钢表面制造耐腐蚀涂层的一种新颖而有效的方法。

{"title":"Facile fabrication of TiN coatings to enhance the corrosion resistance of stainless steel","authors":"Ke Chen , Yiting Pan , Gongbin Tang , Dongyang Liang , Haobing Hu , Xiaochu Liu , Zhongwei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stainless steel, widely used for its excellent mechanical properties, suffers from low surface hardness that reduces its corrosion resistance. Herein, a straightforward ultrasonic shot peening technique was employed to fabricate a TiN coating (USG) that is well-bonded to the substrate. Corrosion tests demonstrated a significant decrease in corrosion current density (i<sub>corr</sub>) from 6.09 × 10<sup>−7</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup> to 7.40 × 10<sup>−9</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup>, and the corrosion rate decreased from 299.49 mm/year to 121.67 mm/year. The high-energy processing chamber facilitated rapid formation of a chemically-bonded TiN layer. The chemical inertness of TiN in environments containing water and chloride ions helps to avoid corrosive reactions, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of the USG samples. Further AIMD calculations reveal the corrosion-resistant mechanism of TiN at the atomic scale, showing strong chemical bonding between TiN and the substrate, forming a dense protective layer. Additionally, the chemical inertness of TiN in saline environments effectively prevents substrate corrosion. This work demonstrates a novel and effective approach for fabricating corrosion-resistant coatings on stainless steel surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability-enhanced (Cu-, Zn-)MOFs via (Cu, Zn)S composite strategy: A promising approach for oil-water separation 通过(Cu, Zn)S复合策略增强(Cu, Zn-)MOFs 的稳定性：有望实现油水分离的方法

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131316

Xinyu Pei, Jianwen Zhang, Yujie Tang, Junying Chen

The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the field of oil-water separation is developing rapidly, but the challenges of poor water stability, poor scalability and durability still limit its practical application. In this study, two environmentally friendly and non-toxic superhydrophobic (Cu, Zn)S/(Cu-, Zn-)MOFs@stearic acid (CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA and ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA) coatings were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method combined with dip coating method, with a water contact angle (WCA) of >165°. Through the synergistic effect with stearic acid (SA), the (Cu-, Zn-)MOFs coating composited with CuS and ZnS exhibits excellent durability in extreme environments. This synergistic effect significantly improves the mechanical stability and durability of the coating, allowing it to maintain a WCA of >155° after friction, kneading, tape stripping and ultrasonic treatment. However, CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA coating is significantly superior to ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA coating in terms of chemical stability (acid-base-salt environment) and self-cleaning ability due to the different ligands used in the preparation process and the formation of particle structure. Significantly improved its durability and reliability in oil-water separation. The separation efficiency of the coating is as high as 98.7 %, and it remains above 97.8 % after 12 times of repeated use. This study provides a new strategy and important reference for the development of superhydrophobic MOFs coatings and oil-water separation materials with high stability, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

金属有机框架（MOFs）在油水分离领域的应用发展迅速，但其水稳定性差、可扩展性差和耐久性差等难题仍限制了其实际应用。本研究采用水热法结合浸涂法成功制备了两种环保无毒的超疏水（Cu, Zn）S/（Cu-, Zn-）MOFs@硬脂酸（CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA 和 ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA）涂层，其水接触角（WCA）大于 165°。通过与硬脂酸（SA）的协同作用，与 CuS 和 ZnS 复合的（Cu-, Zn-）MOFs 涂层在极端环境中表现出优异的耐久性。这种协同效应大大提高了涂层的机械稳定性和耐久性，使其在经过摩擦、揉捏、胶带剥离和超声波处理后仍能保持 >155° 的 WCA。然而，由于制备过程中使用的配体不同以及颗粒结构的形成，CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA 涂层在化学稳定性（酸碱盐环境）和自清洁能力方面明显优于 ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA。大大提高了其在油水分离方面的耐久性和可靠性。涂层的分离效率高达 98.7%，重复使用 12 次后仍保持在 97.8% 以上。该研究为开发具有高稳定性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的超疏水 MOFs 涂层和油水分离材料提供了新的策略和重要参考。

{"title":"Stability-enhanced (Cu-, Zn-)MOFs via (Cu, Zn)S composite strategy: A promising approach for oil-water separation","authors":"Xinyu Pei, Jianwen Zhang, Yujie Tang, Junying Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the field of oil-water separation is developing rapidly, but the challenges of poor water stability, poor scalability and durability still limit its practical application. In this study, two environmentally friendly and non-toxic superhydrophobic (Cu, Zn)S/(Cu-, Zn-)MOFs@stearic acid (CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA and ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA) coatings were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method combined with dip coating method, with a water contact angle (WCA) of >165°. Through the synergistic effect with stearic acid (SA), the (Cu-, Zn-)MOFs coating composited with CuS and ZnS exhibits excellent durability in extreme environments. This synergistic effect significantly improves the mechanical stability and durability of the coating, allowing it to maintain a WCA of >155° after friction, kneading, tape stripping and ultrasonic treatment. However, CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA coating is significantly superior to ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA coating in terms of chemical stability (acid-base-salt environment) and self-cleaning ability due to the different ligands used in the preparation process and the formation of particle structure. Significantly improved its durability and reliability in oil-water separation. The separation efficiency of the coating is as high as 98.7 %, and it remains above 97.8 % after 12 times of repeated use. This study provides a new strategy and important reference for the development of superhydrophobic MOFs coatings and oil-water separation materials with high stability, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A smart self-healing coating utilizing pH-responsive dual nanocontainers for corrosion protection of aluminum alloy 利用 pH 响应双纳米容器的智能自修复涂层为铝合金提供腐蚀保护

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131305

Juan Du, Hongyu Wang, Zhaolin Wang, Xiangyun Li, Haipeng Song

In this study, a novel smart self-healing coating was developed for aluminum alloy surfaces using chitosan and mesoporous ZSM-5 molecular sieve as dual nanocontainers. These nanocontainers effectively address the challenges of limited loading capacity and uncontrolled release of corrosion inhibitors by offering pH-responsive properties that enable complementary release in both acidic and alkaline environments. The synthesized coating exhibited excellent anticorrosion and self-healing performance, as demonstrated by a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 99.98 % after 36 h of static corrosion and significant improvements in impedance values at defect sites. The self-healing mechanism is primarily driven by the formation of Ce(OH)₃ and CeO₂, which precipitate and accumulate at the corrosion sites, thereby preventing further degradation. This study highlights the potential of pH-responsive dual nanocontainer-based coatings for enhancing the durability and protection of aluminum alloys in corrosive environments.

本研究利用壳聚糖和介孔 ZSM-5 分子筛作为双重纳米载体，为铝合金表面开发了一种新型智能自修复涂层。这些纳米容器具有 pH 响应特性，可在酸性和碱性环境中互补释放缓蚀剂，从而有效解决了缓蚀剂负载能力有限和释放不可控的难题。经过 36 小时的静态腐蚀后，涂层的缓蚀效率达到了 99.98%，缺陷部位的阻抗值也得到了显著改善，这表明合成的涂层具有优异的防腐和自修复性能。自修复机制主要是由 Ce(OH)₃ 和 CeO₂ 的形成驱动的，它们在腐蚀点沉淀和积累，从而阻止了进一步的降解。这项研究强调了基于 pH 响应双纳米容器的涂层在提高铝合金在腐蚀环境中的耐久性和保护性方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of FeCoNi alloy film via friction-assisted selective area electrodeposition 通过摩擦辅助选择性区域电沉积制造铁钴镍合金薄膜

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131310

Yang Song, Chenxu Liu, Yonggang Meng

Nowadays, carbon neutrality target has been receiving a growing attention in academia and industry. In many industry applications, the wear and fatigue damages of bearing components are the frequent failures affecting machine operation. The maintenance and replacement of damaged bearings cause enormous cost in the aspects of consumptions of energy and materials. In this study, a novel technique of friction-assisted electrodeposition (FAED) is firstly demonstrated for surface remanufacturing of worn bearing races. By using the FAED technique, FeCoNi alloys with nanocrystalline were successfully deposited on the selective surface zone. The surface morphology, microstructure feature as well as mechanical properties of the deposited FeCoNi film were quantitatively characterized. The results have indicated that friction load and electrodeposition time have a remarkable effect on the microstructure of the film and its surface finish. The cross-section exhibited a uniform distribution of Fe, Co and Ni. Meanwhile, typical amorphous and polycrystalline features were observed within the deposited film. Additionally, the as-deposited layer shows desired mechanical properties, including hardness, complex modulus and friction coefficient, matching with those of the GCr15 substrate. Scratch test results showed that a good bonding strength between the coating and the bearing steel was achieved. Moreover, the role of friction in the electrodeposition process has been analyzed. This work provides a new route to achieve selective area electrodeposition of alloy films on bearing steel, which can be further developed for metal surface repairing.

如今，碳中和目标越来越受到学术界和工业界的关注。在许多工业应用中，轴承部件的磨损和疲劳损坏是影响机器运行的常见故障。维护和更换损坏的轴承在能源和材料消耗方面造成了巨大的成本。本研究首次展示了一种用于磨损轴承滚道表面再制造的摩擦辅助电沉积（FAED）新技术。通过 FAED 技术，具有纳米晶的铁钴镍合金被成功沉积在选择性表面区域。对沉积的铁钴镍薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构特征和机械性能进行了定量表征。结果表明，摩擦载荷和电沉积时间对薄膜的微观结构及其表面光洁度有显著影响。横截面显示出铁、钴和镍的均匀分布。同时，在沉积薄膜中观察到典型的非晶和多晶特征。此外，沉积层还显示出与 GCr15 基底相匹配的理想机械性能，包括硬度、复合模量和摩擦系数。划痕测试结果表明，涂层与轴承钢之间实现了良好的结合强度。此外，还分析了摩擦在电沉积过程中的作用。这项研究为在轴承钢上实现合金薄膜的选择性区域电沉积提供了一条新途径，可进一步用于金属表面修复。

{"title":"Fabrication of FeCoNi alloy film via friction-assisted selective area electrodeposition","authors":"Yang Song, Chenxu Liu, Yonggang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, carbon neutrality target has been receiving a growing attention in academia and industry. In many industry applications, the wear and fatigue damages of bearing components are the frequent failures affecting machine operation. The maintenance and replacement of damaged bearings cause enormous cost in the aspects of consumptions of energy and materials. In this study, a novel technique of friction-assisted electrodeposition (FAED) is firstly demonstrated for surface remanufacturing of worn bearing races. By using the FAED technique, FeCoNi alloys with nanocrystalline were successfully deposited on the selective surface zone. The surface morphology, microstructure feature as well as mechanical properties of the deposited FeCoNi film were quantitatively characterized. The results have indicated that friction load and electrodeposition time have a remarkable effect on the microstructure of the film and its surface finish. The cross-section exhibited a uniform distribution of Fe, Co and Ni. Meanwhile, typical amorphous and polycrystalline features were observed within the deposited film. Additionally, the as-deposited layer shows desired mechanical properties, including hardness, complex modulus and friction coefficient, matching with those of the GCr15 substrate. Scratch test results showed that a good bonding strength between the coating and the bearing steel was achieved. Moreover, the role of friction in the electrodeposition process has been analyzed. This work provides a new route to achieve selective area electrodeposition of alloy films on bearing steel, which can be further developed for metal surface repairing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of high-repetition frequency nanosecond laser remelting on microstructure and oxidation properties of low-pressure plasma sprayed NiCoCrAlYTa coating 高重复频率纳秒激光重熔对低压等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlYTa 涂层微观结构和氧化性能的影响

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131531

Qianru Jia , Xiangcheng Li , Wei Qian , Yinqun Hua , Xiaofeng Zhang , Jinzhong Lu , Jie Cai

MCrAlYX coatings are widely utilized as bond coat in thermal barrier coating systems. This study employs high-repetition frequency nanosecond laser remelting (HRF-NLR) to enhance the resistance to high-temperature oxidation of NiCoCrAlYTa coatings prepared via low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS). The objective of this study is to investigate how laser remelting influences the microstructural evolution of the NiCoCrAlYTa coating and the growth characteristics of the thermally grown oxide (TGO). Various scanning speeds and laser pulse energy densities were employed to investigate the microstates of the molten pool and the polishing mechanisms of the samples after HRF-NLR. Increasing the repetition frequency effectively mitigates the ablation issues typically associated with conventional laser remelting, while also enabling precise control over depth of the remelted coating. Microstructure analysis shows that the original rough surface was remelted and polished, contributing to a significant reduction in surface roughness, noticeable grain refinement, a high density of dislocations, and the redistribution of active elements within the modified coating. Oxidation results at 1150 °C reveal that the HRR-NLR coating can induce the formation of a dense, continuous, and slow-growing single α-Al₂O₃ film, demonstrating that HRF-NLR is an efficient and feasible method for improving the resistance of MCrAlYX coatings to high-temperature oxidation.

MCrAlYX 涂层在热障涂层系统中被广泛用作粘结涂层。本研究采用高重复频率纳秒激光重熔（HRF-NLR）来增强通过低压等离子喷涂（LPPS）制备的 NiCoCrAlYTa 涂层的抗高温氧化能力。本研究旨在探讨激光重熔如何影响 NiCoCrAlYTa 涂层的微观结构演变以及热生长氧化物 (TGO) 的生长特性。采用不同的扫描速度和激光脉冲能量密度来研究 HRF-NLR 后熔池的微观状态和样品的抛光机制。提高重复频率可有效缓解传统激光重熔通常存在的烧蚀问题，同时还能精确控制重熔涂层的深度。显微结构分析表明，原始粗糙表面经过重熔和抛光后，表面粗糙度显著降低，晶粒细化明显，位错密度高，活性元素在改性涂层内重新分布。1150 °C 下的氧化结果表明，HRR-NLR 涂层能诱导形成致密、连续和缓慢生长的单α-Al2O3 膜，证明 HRF-NLR 是提高 MCrAlYX 涂层耐高温氧化性的一种高效可行的方法。

{"title":"Effect of high-repetition frequency nanosecond laser remelting on microstructure and oxidation properties of low-pressure plasma sprayed NiCoCrAlYTa coating","authors":"Qianru Jia , Xiangcheng Li , Wei Qian , Yinqun Hua , Xiaofeng Zhang , Jinzhong Lu , Jie Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>M</em>CrAlY<em>X</em> coatings are widely utilized as bond coat in thermal barrier coating systems. This study employs high-repetition frequency nanosecond laser remelting (HRF-NLR) to enhance the resistance to high-temperature oxidation of NiCoCrAlYTa coatings prepared via low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS). The objective of this study is to investigate how laser remelting influences the microstructural evolution of the NiCoCrAlYTa coating and the growth characteristics of the thermally grown oxide (TGO). Various scanning speeds and laser pulse energy densities were employed to investigate the microstates of the molten pool and the polishing mechanisms of the samples after HRF-NLR. Increasing the repetition frequency effectively mitigates the ablation issues typically associated with conventional laser remelting, while also enabling precise control over depth of the remelted coating. Microstructure analysis shows that the original rough surface was remelted and polished, contributing to a significant reduction in surface roughness, noticeable grain refinement, a high density of dislocations, and the redistribution of active elements within the modified coating. Oxidation results at 1150 °C reveal that the HRR-NLR coating can induce the formation of a dense, continuous, and slow-growing single α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film, demonstrating that HRF-NLR is an efficient and feasible method for improving the resistance of <em>M</em>CrAlY<em>X</em> coatings to high-temperature oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrosion mechanisms of TiO2 photoelectrode coatings in alkaline conditions 碱性条件下二氧化钛光电涂层的腐蚀机理

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131546

Lauri Palmolahti , Jussi Hämelahti , Markku Hannula , Harri Ali-Löytty , Mika Valden

The crystal structure of TiO₂ has a significant impact on the chemical stability of the protective TiO₂ thin films used in photoelectrochemical conditions. By altering the deposition temperature of the atomic layer deposition method, and by post-deposition annealing treatments, amorphous, microcrystalline anatase, and Ti³⁺-rich nanocrystalline rutile structures can be achieved. In this paper, the chemical stability in alkaline solution and failure mechanisms of ALD grown TiO₂ thin films on Si(100) were studied by SEM, XPS, EIS, and ellipsometry. The results showed that the electrically conductive Ti³⁺-rich nanocrystalline rutile thin film was chemically stable, whereas other samples failed within the first 10 h of the test in 1.0 M NaOH. More detailed analysis in 0.1 M NaOH revealed that the anatase sample experienced sudden failure after NaOH solution penetrated the TiO₂ via grain boundaries, causing the Si substrate to dissolve. In contrast, the amorphous TiO₂ films had more gradual failure as the NaOH solution permeated the TiO₂ film, causing it to swell up to three times the initial thickness of the film.

二氧化钛的晶体结构对光电化学条件下使用的二氧化钛保护薄膜的化学稳定性有重要影响。通过改变原子层沉积法的沉积温度和沉积后的退火处理，可以获得无定形结构、微晶锐钛矿结构和富含 Ti3+ 的纳米晶金红石结构。本文通过 SEM、XPS、EIS 和椭偏仪研究了在 Si（100）上 ALD 生长的 TiO2 薄膜在碱性溶液中的化学稳定性和失效机制。结果表明，富含 Ti3+ 的导电纳米晶金红石薄膜化学性质稳定，而其他样品在 1.0 M NaOH 溶液中测试的前 10 小时内就失效了。在 0.1 M NaOH 溶液中进行更详细的分析后发现，锐钛矿样品在 NaOH 溶液通过晶界渗入 TiO2 后突然失效，导致硅基底溶解。相比之下，无定形二氧化钛薄膜在 NaOH 溶液渗入二氧化钛薄膜后会逐渐失效，使其膨胀至薄膜初始厚度的三倍。

{"title":"Corrosion mechanisms of TiO2 photoelectrode coatings in alkaline conditions","authors":"Lauri Palmolahti , Jussi Hämelahti , Markku Hannula , Harri Ali-Löytty , Mika Valden","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crystal structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> has a significant impact on the chemical stability of the protective TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films used in photoelectrochemical conditions. By altering the deposition temperature of the atomic layer deposition method, and by post-deposition annealing treatments, amorphous, microcrystalline anatase, and Ti<sup>3+</sup>-rich nanocrystalline rutile structures can be achieved. In this paper, the chemical stability in alkaline solution and failure mechanisms of ALD grown TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films on Si(100) were studied by SEM, XPS, EIS, and ellipsometry. The results showed that the electrically conductive Ti<sup>3+</sup>-rich nanocrystalline rutile thin film was chemically stable, whereas other samples failed within the first 10 h of the test in 1.0 M NaOH. More detailed analysis in 0.1 M NaOH revealed that the anatase sample experienced sudden failure after NaOH solution penetrated the TiO<sub>2</sub> via grain boundaries, causing the Si substrate to dissolve. In contrast, the amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> films had more gradual failure as the NaOH solution permeated the TiO<sub>2</sub> film, causing it to swell up to three times the initial thickness of the film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of nitrogen and niobium incorporation in bcc-chromium coatings on microstructure and mechanical properties 共晶铬涂层中氮和铌的掺入对微观结构和机械性能的影响

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131489

Sagar Jathar , Sanath Kumar Honnali , Alireza Farhadizadeh , Arnaud le Febvrier , Magnus Odén , Per Eklund

Stoichiometric CrN and Cr:N with different nitrogen (N) content are of interest for hard coating applications. In the Cr-N material system, bcc-Cr rich coatings, containing a few percent of diluted N, provide tunability in microstructure and mechanical properties. Additionally, the incorporation of Nb into the CrN_x coatings may further tailor the materials properties. In this work, bcc-CrN_x and CrNbN_x coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, and their mechanical and microstructural characteristics were investigated as a function of N content. Depending on the N content, the phases observed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) varied from metallic bcc-Cr, mixed bcc-Cr/h-Cr₂N, to h-Cr₂N/CrN. X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements show that a dense and nearly columnar-free bcc-CrN_x coatings was obtained at ~13–25 at.% of N, while CrNbN_x coatings composed of dense, column-free, and featureless microstructure at a N content of ~10–20 at.%. The dense and nearly column-free microstructure composed of dispersion of Cr₂N grains into the bcc-Cr matrix for both CrN_x and CrNbN_x coatings, as shown by high resolution transmission electron microscope analysis (HRTEM). Nanoindentation revealed a hardening of the coatings due to the grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, and variation in phase content.

不同氮（N）含量的 Stoichiometric CrN 和 Cr:N 在硬涂层应用中具有重要意义。在 Cr-N 材料体系中，富含 bcc-Cr 的涂层（含百分之几的稀释氮）提供了微观结构和机械性能的可调性。此外，在 CrNx 涂层中加入铌可进一步调整材料的性能。在这项工作中，通过反应磁控溅射沉积了 bcc-CrNx 和 CrNbNx 涂层，并研究了它们的机械和微观结构特性与 N 含量的函数关系。根据 N 含量的不同，X 射线衍射仪（XRD）观察到的相位也不同，从金属 bcc-Cr、混合 bcc-Cr/h-Cr2N 到 h-Cr2N/CrN。X 射线反射率 (XRR) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 测量显示，当 N 含量约为 13-25 % 时，可获得致密且几乎无柱状的 bcc-CrNx 涂层，而当 N 含量约为 10-20 % 时，CrNbNx 涂层由致密、无柱状和无特征的微观结构组成。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）分析表明，CrNx 和 CrNbNx 镀层的致密和近乎无柱的微观结构由分散在 bcc-Cr 基体中的 Cr2N 晶粒组成。纳米压痕显示，由于晶粒细化、固溶强化和相含量变化，涂层出现了硬化现象。

{"title":"Influence of nitrogen and niobium incorporation in bcc-chromium coatings on microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Sagar Jathar , Sanath Kumar Honnali , Alireza Farhadizadeh , Arnaud le Febvrier , Magnus Odén , Per Eklund","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.131489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stoichiometric CrN and Cr:N with different nitrogen (N) content are of interest for hard coating applications. In the Cr-N material system, bcc-Cr rich coatings, containing a few percent of diluted N, provide tunability in microstructure and mechanical properties. Additionally, the incorporation of Nb into the CrN<sub>x</sub> coatings may further tailor the materials properties. In this work, bcc-CrN<sub>x</sub> and CrNbN<sub>x</sub> coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, and their mechanical and microstructural characteristics were investigated as a function of N content. Depending on the N content, the phases observed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) varied from metallic bcc-Cr, mixed bcc-Cr/h-Cr<sub>2</sub>N, to h-Cr<sub>2</sub>N/CrN. X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements show that a dense and nearly columnar-free bcc-CrN<sub>x</sub> coatings was obtained at ~13–25 at.% of N, while CrNbN<sub>x</sub> coatings composed of dense, column-free, and featureless microstructure at a N content of ~10–20 at.%. The dense and nearly column-free microstructure composed of dispersion of Cr<sub>2</sub>N grains into the bcc-Cr matrix for both CrN<sub>x</sub> and CrNbN<sub>x</sub> coatings, as shown by high resolution transmission electron microscope analysis (HRTEM). Nanoindentation revealed a hardening of the coatings due to the grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, and variation in phase content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 131489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0