Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献_第3页

Fabrication of gradient structure in 7075 aluminum alloy via initial microstructural regulation and synergistic strengthening and toughening mechanism 7075铝合金初始组织调控和协同强化增韧机制制备梯度组织

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133221

Shaolei Long , Kai Feng , Ming Yang , Shengshan Pan , Jie Dong , Yu Liang , Qin Gui , Yanliang Yi

In this study, ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) was employed to modify 7075 aluminum alloys with varying initial microstructure states (T6 and T4), successfully creating gradient structures (GSs) that exhibit both high strength and high plasticity, overcoming the traditional strength-plasticity trade-off in aluminum alloys. The results indicate that a GSs with a depth of up to 532 μm was achieved in the T4 state alloy (T4-USRP-A) through USRP followed by low-temperature aging. A nanocrystalline layer approximately 100 nm thick formed on the surface, significantly enhancing the yield strength (R_p0.2) and ultimate tensile strength (R_m) to 602.6 MPa and 691 MPa, respectively, while maintaining an elongation of 15%. The research further elucidated the microscopic characteristics of this GSs, which transitions continuously from nanocrystalline regions to deformable regions and dislocation-rich regions from the surface inward. Analysis based on the K-M model revealed that the alloy's high strength and plasticity are due to excellent dislocation storage and slow extinction properties, allowing the material to sustain a high strain hardening rate over a broad stress range, thus delaying necking. Additionally, this study developed a GSs synergistic strengthening model, quantifying the coordinated contribution of each gradient layer to the overall strength. This provides a crucial theoretical foundation and practical guidance for designing and preparing high-performance GSs aluminum alloys.

在本研究中，采用超声表面轧制工艺（USRP）对7075铝合金进行了不同初始组织状态（T6和T4）的改性，成功地创造了具有高强度和高塑性的梯度结构（GSs），克服了传统铝合金的强度-塑性权衡。结果表明：在T4态合金（T4-USRP- a）中通过USRP +低温时效获得了深度达532 μm的GSs；表面形成约100 nm厚的纳米晶层，屈服强度（Rp0.2）和极限抗拉强度（Rm）分别达到602.6 MPa和691 MPa，伸长率保持在15%。研究进一步阐明了这种GSs的微观特征，即从表面向内不断地从纳米晶区过渡到可变形区和富位错区。基于K-M模型的分析表明，该合金的高强度和塑性是由于优异的位错储存和缓慢的消光性能，使材料在较宽的应力范围内保持高应变硬化率，从而延迟颈缩。此外，本研究建立了GSs协同强化模型，量化了各梯度层对整体强度的协同贡献。这为设计和制备高性能GSs铝合金提供了重要的理论基础和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Strengthening mechanisms in CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy coatings reinforced by CoNi-coated WC under magnetic field-assisted plasma cladding 磁场辅助等离子熔覆镍包覆WC增强CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金涂层的强化机理

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133216

Shuai Li , Yi Sun , Liangliang Zhang , Zhongying Liu

High-entropy alloy (HEA) composite coatings reinforced with ceramic particles have emerged as one of the key strategies for preventing friction and wear. In order to improve the wettability between WC particles and HEA powders, CoNi-coated WC particles were introduced into CoCrFeNiMn HEA powders. Subsequently, CoCrFeNiMn/30YGN20 (70 wt% CoCrFeNiMn +30 wt% YGN20 (80 wt% WC, 10 wt% Ni, and 10 wt% Co)) HEA coatings were fabricated on Q235 steel via magnetic field-assisted plasma cladding, and their strengthening mechanisms were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the CoNi-coated WC particles react with the matrix during the cladding process to form the M₃W₃C phase, thereby enhancing the interfacial bonding strength between the reinforcing phase and the matrix. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic braking effect induced by the magnetic field resulted in a more uniform distribution of WC particles. In addition, the thermoelectromagnetic convection generated by the magnetic field refined the grains of both the FCC matrix and the M₃W₃C phase, and promoted the formation of twins within the coating. These mechanisms collectively contributed to a remarkable enhancement of the coating performance through second-phase strengthening, solid-solution strengthening, and grain-boundary strengthening. Consequently, surface hardness increasing from 292.7 HV_0.2 to 365.7 HV_0.2 with the increasing of magnetic field strength. Wear behavior transitioned from dominant oxidative and adhesive wear under low magnetic fields to stable abrasive wear at higher fields, as grain refinement and WC particle participation increased. Under a magnetic field strength of 60 mT, the coating exhibited the best wear resistance with friction coefficients of 0.47.

陶瓷颗粒增强高熵合金（HEA）复合涂层已成为防止摩擦磨损的关键策略之一。为了提高WC颗粒与HEA粉末之间的润湿性，将coni包覆WC颗粒引入CoCrFeNiMn HEA粉末中。在Q235钢表面制备了CoCrFeNiMn/30YGN20 (70 wt% CoCrFeNiMn +30 wt% YGN20 (80 wt% WC、10 wt% Ni和10 wt% Co)) HEA涂层，并对其强化机理进行了系统研究。结果表明：ni包覆WC颗粒在包覆过程中与基体反应形成M3W3C相，增强相与基体的界面结合强度提高；同时，磁场产生的电磁制动效应使WC颗粒分布更加均匀。此外，磁场产生的热电磁对流使FCC基体和M3W3C相晶粒细化，促进了涂层内孪晶的形成。这些机制通过第二相强化、固溶强化和晶界强化共同促进了涂层性能的显著增强。随着磁场强度的增加，表面硬度由292.7 HV0.2增加到365.7 HV0.2。随着晶粒细化和WC颗粒参与的增加，磨损行为从低磁场下的氧化磨损和黏着磨损为主转变为高磁场下的稳定磨粒磨损。在磁场强度为60 mT时，涂层的耐磨性最佳，摩擦系数为0.47。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional self-cleaning bactericidal Cu2O/TiO2 coating with durable superhydrophobicity and visible-light photocatalytic activity 具有持久超疏水性和可见光催化活性的多功能自清洁杀菌Cu2O/TiO2涂层

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133220

Jiayin Ji , Huidong Cai , Xiang Li , Chen Zuo , Shuyu Yuan , Qingge Feng , Jingcheng Zhao

Antimicrobial coatings with self-cleaning and long-lasting antibacterial properties are critical for medical applications to reduce healthcare-associated infections. However, existing coatings pose challenges of poor durability, limited light response, or rapid antibacterial agent loss. Herein, we report a scalable strategy to fabricate a Cu₂O/TiO₂ composite coating (CT-37, Cu:Ti = 3:7 mass ratio) via in-situ chemical reduction and two-step semi-curing spraying, integrating hierarchical micro-nanostructured Cu₂O/TiO₂ particles with lithium polysilicate adhesive. CT-37 exhibits good superhydrophobicity (contact angle (θ_CA) = 151.3 ± 1.4°, roll-off angle (θ_RA) =3.4 ± 0.4°), retaining a θ_CA > 150° after 10 abrasion cycles and 7 days of acid/alkali immersion. Under visible light, it achieves >99% sterilization efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and maintains a > 90% bactericidal rate after 50 cycles. This study reveals a novel synergistic mechanism: (i) superhydrophobicity reduces bacterial adhesion by minimizing solid-liquid contact area; (ii) rapid Cu ion release from the coating matrix directly inhibits bacterial proliferation; (iii) photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, including •O₂⁻, h⁺, and •OH) under visible light further eradicates adhered microbes. This cost-effective coating, coupled with the deepening understanding of its antimicrobial mechanism, paves the way for large-scale medical and public health applications.

具有自清洁和持久抗菌特性的抗菌涂层对于减少医疗保健相关感染的医疗应用至关重要。然而，现有的涂层存在耐久性差、光响应有限或抗菌剂损失快的挑战。在此，我们报告了一种可扩展的策略，通过原位化学还原和两步半固化喷涂来制备Cu2O/TiO2复合涂层（CT-37, Cu:Ti = 3:7质量比），将分层微纳米结构的Cu₂O/TiO₂颗粒与聚硅酸锂粘合剂结合在一起。CT-37表现出良好的超疏水性(接触角（θCA) = 151.3±1.4°，滚转角(θRA) =3.4±0.4°），经过10次磨损和7天的酸/碱浸泡后，其θCA保持在150°。在可见光下，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效率达到99%，循环50次后仍保持90%的杀菌率。该研究揭示了一种新的协同机制：(i)超疏水性通过最小化固液接触面积来减少细菌粘附；（ii）从涂层基质中快速释放Cu离子直接抑制细菌增殖；（iii）可见光下光催化生成的活性氧（ROS，包括•O2−、h+和•OH）进一步根除粘附的微生物。这种具有成本效益的涂层，加上对其抗菌机制的深入了解，为大规模的医疗和公共卫生应用铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Achieving both softness and barrier properties in all-cellulose paper via a dual-layer structure 通过双层结构实现全纤维素纸的柔软性和阻隔性

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133207

Xin Jing , Hao Chen , Zehan Li, Jingya Zhang, Zhiru Cao, Dafang Huang, Yanfeng Chen, Mingwei Zhu

Paper is attractive for use in barrier materials to effectively isolate internal substances from external environments (such as gases, liquids, or light) because of its sustainability and non-toxicity. However, achieving both barrier properties and softness in eco-friendly paper remains a significant challenge due to its inherent porous structure. To address this challenge, we designed a soft all-cellulose barrier paper (SCB-paper) by constructing a dual-layer structure with a porous cellulose paper and a dense cellulose film. Specifically, the original paper was first transformed into a water-resistant substrate with an interlocked fiber structure, and then coated on the surface with a film of suitable thickness to impart barrier properties without compromising its softness. SCB-paper exhibits nearly unchanged softness (622 mN to 632 mN), excellent water barrier properties (penetration time: 86.4 s·MPa⁻¹·g⁻¹·cm⁻²), and oil barrier properties (kit rating: 12/12), with a wet tensile strength of 11.4 MPa. This study opens a new door for the design and application of sustainable barrier materials.

由于纸的可持续性和无毒性，它是一种有吸引力的屏障材料，可以有效地将内部物质与外部环境（如气体、液体或光）隔离开来。然而，由于其固有的多孔结构，在环保纸中实现屏障性能和柔软性仍然是一个重大挑战。为了解决这一挑战，我们设计了一种柔软的全纤维素屏障纸（scb纸），该纸由多孔纤维素纸和致密纤维素膜构成双层结构。具体来说，首先将原始纸张转化为具有互锁纤维结构的防水基材，然后在其表面涂上适当厚度的薄膜，以在不影响其柔软性的情况下赋予屏障性能。scb纸具有几乎不变的柔软度（622 mN至632 mN），优异的水阻隔性能（渗透时间：86.4 s·MPa−1·g−1·cm−2）和油阻隔性能（套件等级：12/12），湿抗拉强度为11.4 MPa。本研究为可持续屏障材料的设计和应用打开了新的大门。

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引用次数: 0

Adhesion of DLC-based coatings on LPBF Al-Si-Mg alloys: influence of substrate hardness dlc基涂层在LPBF Al-Si-Mg合金上的附着力：基体硬度的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133203

Maria Francesca Bonilauri , Emanuele Ghio , Giovanni Bolelli , Bertè Alessandro , Emanuela Cerri

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)-manufactured Al alloys can be tailored through heat treatments. To study how this affects the mechanical support offered to DLC-based thin films, we studied the adhesion of a DLC-based coating onto LPBF AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg alloys in four different conditions: as-built, directly aged, solution-treated, and T6 (solutionized and aged). Notably, the solution-treated substrates were harder than the T6 ones after coating due to precipitation during the deposition process itself, whilst the T6 substrates experienced over-aging.

The fraction of delaminated coating area in the Rockwell indentation test increased and the delamination load in the scratch test decreased when the heat treatment reduced the hardness of the substrate and altered the eutectic Si network produced by the LPBF process. During ball-on-disc sliding wear tests, all substrates, including the as-built ones, deformed plastically under the contact stress. The DLC top layer, with its high H/E ratio, could follow such deformation, but the underlying W-C:H intermediate layer cracked and caused localized spallation of the film, with increased severity on softer substrates. If the wear track passed through an open pore on the LPBF substrate, the additional stress concentration produced an even larger spallation or, with the directly aged or solutionized substrates, a complete delamination. Thus, a softened substrate, coupled with the typical defects of LPBF materials, worsened the repeatability of the sliding behaviour. After the T6 treatment, further reduction in hardness caused the film to delaminate systematically under the chosen test conditions.

激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）铝合金的显微组织和力学性能可以通过热处理来定制。为了研究这如何影响dlc基薄膜的机械支撑，我们研究了dlc基涂层在四种不同条件下对LPBF AlSi7Mg和AlSi10Mg合金的附着力：构建、直接时效、固溶处理和T6（固溶和时效）。值得注意的是，固溶处理的基板由于沉积过程本身的沉淀，涂层后比T6基板更硬，而T6基板则经历了过老化。热处理降低了基体硬度，改变了LPBF工艺产生的共晶Si网络，使洛氏压痕试验中脱层涂层面积增大，划痕试验中脱层载荷减小。在球对盘滑动磨损试验中，所有基板，包括成品基板，在接触应力作用下发生塑性变形。由于高H/E比，DLC顶层可以遵循这种变形，但下层的W-C:H中间层破裂并导致薄膜局部剥落，并且在较软的衬底上严重程度增加。如果磨损轨迹穿过LPBF基板上的开放孔，则额外的应力集中会产生更大的剥落，或者对于直接老化或溶解的基板，会产生完全的分层。因此，一个软化的基材，加上LPBF材料的典型缺陷，恶化了滑动行为的可重复性。经过T6处理后，硬度的进一步降低导致薄膜在选定的测试条件下系统地分层。

{"title":"Adhesion of DLC-based coatings on LPBF Al-Si-Mg alloys: influence of substrate hardness","authors":"Maria Francesca Bonilauri , Emanuele Ghio , Giovanni Bolelli , Bertè Alessandro , Emanuela Cerri","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and mechanical properties of Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)-manufactured Al alloys can be tailored through heat treatments. To study how this affects the mechanical support offered to DLC-based thin films, we studied the adhesion of a DLC-based coating onto LPBF AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg alloys in four different conditions: as-built, directly aged, solution-treated, and T6 (solutionized and aged). Notably, the solution-treated substrates were harder than the T6 ones after coating due to precipitation during the deposition process itself, whilst the T6 substrates experienced over-aging.</div><div>The fraction of delaminated coating area in the Rockwell indentation test increased and the delamination load in the scratch test decreased when the heat treatment reduced the hardness of the substrate and altered the eutectic Si network produced by the LPBF process. During ball-on-disc sliding wear tests, all substrates, including the as-built ones, deformed plastically under the contact stress. The DLC top layer, with its high H/E ratio, could follow such deformation, but the underlying W-C:H intermediate layer cracked and caused localized spallation of the film, with increased severity on softer substrates. If the wear track passed through an open pore on the LPBF substrate, the additional stress concentration produced an even larger spallation or, with the directly aged or solutionized substrates, a complete delamination. Thus, a softened substrate, coupled with the typical defects of LPBF materials, worsened the repeatability of the sliding behaviour. After the T6 treatment, further reduction in hardness caused the film to delaminate systematically under the chosen test conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"523 ","pages":"Article 133203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Core–shell NbTiC@M23C6 carbides embedded in an in-situ M2B network: A quasi-continuous protective architecture for laser-clad Fe-based composite coatings 嵌入原位M2B网络中的核壳NbTiC@M23C6碳化物：激光熔覆铁基复合涂层的准连续保护结构

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133197

Zhiqing Tang , Xiao Liang , Wenlong Jiang , Zijian Wang , Chongchen Xiang , Hanlin Ding , Youtian Shen , Yuan Gao , Xuan Yao

Constructing a microstructurally stable, load-bearing reinforcement architecture is critical for improving the wear resistance and thermal stability of laser-clad Fe-based coatings. In this study, laser cladding technology is used to create a specialized network structure, where the M₂B-type boride network acts as the supporting framework, and high-hardness core-shell (NbTiC@M₂₃C₆) composite carbides serve as the reinforcing phase. The results show that, at room temperature, the core-shell structure stabilizes the interface between the carbide and the matrix, effectively reducing both adhesive and abrasive wear. The M₂B network, with its high hardness, further enhances the wear resistance by providing robust structural support. At elevated temperatures, the M₂B network is associated with the formation of a stable Cr₂O₃ oxide layer, reducing oxidation wear and improving high-temperature stability. The core-shell composite carbides, with their high hardness, provide additional structural support, helping to maintain the integrity of the coating under thermal stress. The synergistic effects of the M₂B boride network and core-shell composite carbides significantly improve the wear resistance and thermal stability of the coating, making it promising for high-temperature tribological applications with long-lasting durability in demanding environments.

构建微观结构稳定、承载的增强结构对于提高激光熔覆铁基涂层的耐磨性和热稳定性至关重要。本研究采用激光熔覆技术，以m2b型硼化物网络作为支撑框架，以高硬度核壳复合碳化物（NbTiC@M23C6）作为增强相，构建了专门的网络结构。结果表明，在室温下，核壳结构稳定了碳化物与基体之间的界面，有效地减少了粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。M2B网络具有高硬度，通过提供坚固的结构支撑进一步增强耐磨性。在高温下，M2B网络能形成稳定的Cr2O3氧化层，减少氧化磨损，提高高温稳定性。核壳复合碳化物具有高硬度，提供额外的结构支撑，有助于在热应力下保持涂层的完整性。M2B硼化物网络和核壳复合碳化物的协同作用显著提高了涂层的耐磨性和热稳定性，使其有望在苛刻的环境中具有持久耐用的高温摩擦学应用。

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引用次数: 0

Shot peening-based hybrid surface treatment for enhancing wear and electrochemical properties of Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe alloy 喷丸强化复合表面处理提高Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe合金的磨损性能和电化学性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133206

Seung-Woo Lee , Dong-Geun Lee

Titanium alloys offer high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue performance, but their poor wear resistance limits use in severe-friction environments. This study investigates the effect of shot peening (SP) pretreatment on the gas nitriding (GN) efficiency of a β-Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe alloy. Four surface conditions were examined: homogenization treatment (HT), SP, GN, and SP + GN. SP introduced severe plastic deformation and ultrafine grains near the surface, which significantly enhanced nitrogen diffusion during GN. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction analyses confirmed an increased TiN phase fraction and higher dislocation density in the SP + GN condition. The surface hardness reached 1170 HV_0.1, and the diffusion layer thickness increased by 63% compared with that of the GN sample. Wear tests showed that the SP + GN sample exhibited the highest wear resistance, reducing wear track width and depth by 35% and 55%, respectively, relative to HT. Although SP increased surface roughness, the resulting craters helped trap wear debris and lowered the friction coefficient. Electrochemical tests in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the SP + GN treatment provided superior corrosion resistance due to compressive residual stress and the formation of stable nitride layers. Overall, SP pretreatment effectively enhances nitriding efficiency and improves wear and electrochemical performances of β‑titanium alloys.

钛合金具有较高的比强度、耐腐蚀性和抗疲劳性能，但其较差的耐磨性限制了在严重摩擦环境中的使用。研究了喷丸强化（SP）预处理对β-Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe合金气体氮化效率的影响。研究了四种表面条件：均质处理（HT）、SP、GN和SP + GN。在GN过程中，SP在表面附近引入了严重的塑性变形和超细晶粒，显著增强了氮的扩散。x射线衍射和电子背散射衍射分析证实了SP + GN条件下TiN相分数和位错密度的增加。表面硬度达到1170 HV0.1，扩散层厚度较GN样品增加63%。磨损试验表明，SP + GN样品具有最高的耐磨性，与HT相比，磨损轨迹宽度和深度分别减少了35%和55%。虽然SP增加了表面粗糙度，但产生的陨石坑有助于捕获磨损碎片并降低摩擦系数。在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中的电化学测试表明，SP + GN处理由于压缩残余应力和稳定氮化物层的形成而具有优异的耐腐蚀性。综上所述，SP预处理有效地提高了β‑钛合金的氮化效率，改善了其磨损性能和电化学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Silicon-induced self-healing in YSZ thermal barrier coatings with enhanced thermal shock and hot-corrosion resistance YSZ热障涂层中硅诱导的自愈，增强了热冲击和耐热腐蚀性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133204

A. Khazaee , S.M.M. Hadavi , N. NayebPashaee

This study investigates the improvement of thermal shock resistance and hot corrosion performance in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) by incorporating silicon (Si) and developing multi-layered coating architectures. Coatings were applied through atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), by which three distinct coating designs were evaluated: a conventional YSZ coating, a single-layer self-healing coating (YSZ + 13 wt% Si), and a double-layer self-healing coating (8YSZ + 7 wt% Si / 8YSZ + 13 wt% Si). The addition of silicon promoted the formation of silica (SiO₂) and zircon silicate (ZrSiO₄) phases upon oxidation, providing an autonomous self-healing mechanism that seals microcracks and improves the structural integrity and durability of the coatings during thermal cycling. Microstructural analysis revealed that the double-layer self-healing coating exhibited superior damage tolerance, with enhanced stress accommodation and more effective crack healing compared to the single-layer self-healing coating. Thermal shock testing revealed that the multi-layer architecture outperformed the single-layer coating, exhibiting reduced spallation and crack propagation. Additionally, hot corrosion tests showed that the silicon-enriched coatings offered improved protection against degradation, with the double-layer self-healing system providing the highest corrosion resistance. This study highlights the crucial role of silicon concentration and coating architecture in optimizing the self-healing capabilities and overall performance of YSZ-based TBCs for advanced high-temperature applications in the turbine and aerospace industries.

本研究通过添加硅（Si）和开发多层涂层结构，研究了钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）基热障涂层（tbc）的抗热震性能和热腐蚀性能。涂层通过大气等离子喷涂（APS）进行，通过该方法评估了三种不同的涂层设计：传统的YSZ涂层，单层自修复涂层（YSZ + 13% Si）和双层自修复涂层（8YSZ + 7% Si / 8YSZ + 13% Si）。硅的加入促进了氧化过程中二氧化硅（SiO₂）和锆硅（ZrSiO₄）相的形成，提供了一种自主自愈机制，可以密封微裂纹，提高涂层在热循环过程中的结构完整性和耐久性。微观结构分析表明，与单层自愈涂层相比，双层自愈涂层具有更强的损伤容忍度、更强的应力调节能力和更有效的裂纹愈合能力。热冲击测试表明，多层结构优于单层涂层，表现出更少的剥落和裂纹扩展。此外，热腐蚀测试表明，富硅涂层提供了更好的抗降解保护，双层自修复系统提供了最高的耐腐蚀性。这项研究强调了硅浓度和涂层结构在优化基于ysz的tbc的自修复能力和整体性能方面的关键作用，该tbc可用于涡轮和航空航天工业的高级高温应用。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemically enhanced uniform TiO₂ films on TA1 titanium via stepwise anodizing: Decoupling grain-orientation effects and corrosion-resistance mechanisms 逐步阳极氧化在TA1钛上增强均匀tio2膜：去耦晶粒取向效应及耐蚀机理

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133120

Qiang Zhong , Changrong Ran , zhengjie Chen , Xueqiang Dong , Zeyao Zeng , Xu Luo , Wei Li , Jin Na , Lu Wang , Jinwen Ye

This study elucidated the critical roles of grain orientation and microstructural homogeneity in governing the growth, uniformity, and electrochemical corrosion resistance of anodizing TiO₂ films on TA1 titanium. Recrystallized TA1, with a nearly uniform grain structure (median grain-size deviation ≈0.61 μm), exhibited low color difference (

ΔE

≈ 0.46–0.56) and stable interference colors over 50–110 V, whereas phase-transformed TA1, with a ∼ 20-fold larger median deviation (≈65.71 μm), contained coarse, anisotropic grains that caused pronounced color non-uniformity. Further investigations confirmed that a 2093 mV surface potential difference between

(11 \bar{2} 0) (0001)

and

(0001) (11 \bar{2} 0)

grains tilted 45° along the TD direction dictated localized discharge dynamics, directly resulting in a 46.7 nm thickness disparity (107.6 nm purple vs. 154.3 nm yellow layers) under 70 V anodizing. This orientation-dependent thickness contrast mechanistically explained the macroscopic color demarcation through interference principles. To eliminate these variations, a stepwise anodizing strategy was developed, in which secondary anodizing was used to redistribute the electric potential and promote preferential growth in thinner-film regions, thereby markedly enhancing TiO₂ film uniformity. Electrochemical tests in seawater showed that such uniform films exhibited higher low-frequency impedance and a higher barrier-layer resistance R_m (457–3248 Ω·cm²), thereby affording superior corrosion resistance. These findings not only clarified the mechanism of anisotropic anodizing behavior but also provided a practical approach to fabricate uniform, highly protective, and functional titanium surfaces for marine and biomedical applications.

本研究阐明了晶粒取向和微观组织均匀性在TA1钛上阳极氧化tio2膜生长、均匀性和电化学耐蚀性中的关键作用。再结晶的TA1晶粒结构接近均匀（晶粒尺寸中值偏差≈0.61 μm），在50-110 V范围内色差较小（ΔE≈0.46-0.56），干涉色稳定，而相变的TA1晶粒粗且各向异性，其中值偏差约为20倍（≈65.71 μm），导致颜色不均匀。进一步的研究证实，沿TD方向倾斜45°的112¯00001和0001112¯0晶粒之间的2093 mV表面电位差决定了局部放电动力学，直接导致在70 V阳极氧化下46.7 nm的厚度差异（107.6 nm紫色层对154.3 nm黄色层）。这种依赖于取向的厚度对比通过干涉原理机械地解释了宏观的颜色划分。为了消除这些变化，开发了一种逐步阳极氧化策略，其中使用二次阳极氧化来重新分配电位并促进薄膜较薄区域的优先生长，从而显着提高TiO 2薄膜的均匀性。在海水中的电化学测试表明，这种均匀膜具有较高的低频阻抗和较高的阻挡层电阻Rm (457-3248 Ω·cm2)，具有较好的耐腐蚀性。这些发现不仅阐明了各向异性阳极氧化行为的机理，而且为海洋和生物医学应用提供了一种制备均匀、高保护性和功能性钛表面的实用方法。

{"title":"Electrochemically enhanced uniform TiO₂ films on TA1 titanium via stepwise anodizing: Decoupling grain-orientation effects and corrosion-resistance mechanisms","authors":"Qiang Zhong , Changrong Ran , zhengjie Chen , Xueqiang Dong , Zeyao Zeng , Xu Luo , Wei Li , Jin Na , Lu Wang , Jinwen Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study elucidated the critical roles of grain orientation and microstructural homogeneity in governing the growth, uniformity, and electrochemical corrosion resistance of anodizing TiO₂ films on TA1 titanium. Recrystallized TA1, with a nearly uniform grain structure (median grain-size deviation ≈0.61 μm), exhibited low color difference (<span><math><mi>ΔE</mi></math></span> ≈ 0.46–0.56) and stable interference colors over 50–110 V, whereas phase-transformed TA1, with a ∼ 20-fold larger median deviation (≈65.71 μm), contained coarse, anisotropic grains that caused pronounced color non-uniformity. Further investigations confirmed that a 2093 mV surface potential difference between <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mn>0001</mn></mfenced></math></span> and <span><math><mfenced><mn>0001</mn></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>grains tilted 45° along the TD direction dictated localized discharge dynamics, directly resulting in a 46.7 nm thickness disparity (107.6 nm purple vs. 154.3 nm yellow layers) under 70 V anodizing. This orientation-dependent thickness contrast mechanistically explained the macroscopic color demarcation through interference principles. To eliminate these variations, a stepwise anodizing strategy was developed, in which secondary anodizing was used to redistribute the electric potential and promote preferential growth in thinner-film regions, thereby markedly enhancing TiO₂ film uniformity. Electrochemical tests in seawater showed that such uniform films exhibited higher low-frequency impedance and a higher barrier-layer resistance R<sub>m</sub> (457–3248 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>), thereby affording superior corrosion resistance. These findings not only clarified the mechanism of anisotropic anodizing behavior but also provided a practical approach to fabricate uniform, highly protective, and functional titanium surfaces for marine and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"523 ","pages":"Article 133120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dry sliding wear resistance evaluation of cathodic arc-PVD Cr/CrN multilayer coatings deposited on AISI 4140 nitrided and non-nitrided steel AISI 4140氮化和非氮化钢表面阴极电弧- pvd Cr/CrN多层涂层干滑动磨损性能评价

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133202

A. Justina Maskavizan , Eugenia L. Dalibon , Germán Prieto , Walter R. Tuckart , Adriana B. Márquez , Sonia P. Brühl

PVD CrN coatings are extensively used to improve the wear resistance of medium-alloy steels. A reliable assessment of their industrial performance requires comparative analysis of sliding conditions and investigation of the role of substrate pre-treatments. The main goals of this work were to study the effect of plasma nitriding and in situ surface cleaning methods on multilayer Cr/CrN arc-PVD coating adhesion and wear behaviour under unidirectional and reciprocating motion. Nitrided and non-nitrided AISI 4140 steel were used as substrates. Two pre-cleaning methods, Ar + H₂ glow discharge and chromium ion etching, were studied. Microstructural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation and FIB-SEM. Adhesion was evaluated under static and dynamic loading conditions. Wear performance was assessed using unidirectional pin-on-disk and reciprocating ball-on-flat tests. Results reveal that adhesion is influenced by the pre-cleaning process in the PVD chamber and that the increase of substrate hardness achieved through plasma nitriding doubles the coating's critical load in scratch tests. Under reciprocating sliding at 1.4 GPa, coatings on non-nitrided steel failed after only a few cycles, whereas coatings on nitrided substrates suffered only polishing-like wear. However, in unidirectional tests under a Hertzian pressure of 1.5 GPa, even though coating delamination occurred, prior nitriding of the steel reduced the worn volume. Overall, results demonstrate that choosing the best combination of substrate treatments to achieve good adhesion is crucial to extend the durability of the coatings especially under reciprocating motion and high Hertzian pressures.

PVD CrN涂层广泛用于提高中合金钢的耐磨性。对其工业性能的可靠评估需要对滑动条件进行比较分析，并对基材预处理的作用进行调查。本研究的主要目的是研究等离子体氮化和原位表面清洗方法对多层Cr/CrN电弧- pvd涂层在单向和往复运动下的粘附和磨损行为的影响。采用渗氮和非渗氮AISI 4140钢作为基体。研究了Ar + H₂辉光放电和铬离子刻蚀两种预清洗方法。采用x射线衍射、纳米压痕和FIB-SEM对样品进行了微结构表征。在静态和动态加载条件下评估附着力。磨损性能评估采用单向销盘和往复式球平试验。结果表明，PVD腔室的预清洗过程影响了涂层的附着力，等离子体氮化提高了涂层的硬度，使涂层在划痕试验中的临界载荷增加了一倍。在1.4 GPa的往复滑动下，非氮化钢的涂层仅在几个循环后失效，而氮化基体的涂层仅遭受抛光样磨损。然而，在1.5 GPa赫兹压力下的单向试验中，即使发生了涂层分层，钢的预先氮化也减少了磨损体积。总的来说，结果表明，选择最佳的基材处理组合来获得良好的附着力对于延长涂层的耐久性至关重要，特别是在往复运动和高压下。

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引用次数: 0