Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献_第9页

Employing diverse machine learning approaches to estimate the achievable bio-oil yield from sustainable biomass sources 采用不同的机器学习方法来估计可持续生物质资源可实现的生物油产量

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01823

Mohsen Karimi , Mohammad Shirzad , Behzad Vaferi

The construction of a process to produce bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis, as well as optimizing and controlling its operation, requires accurate prediction of yield under varying process conditions and feedstock properties. The existing models often fail to capture the complex relationship between bio-oil yield and feedstock properties and operating parameters. This study applies three well-known machine learning (ML) classes, i.e., adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), artificial neural networks, and least-squares support vector regression to predict the bio-oil yield. 419 sets of experimental measurements about the achievable bio-oil yield from 40 biomass types at a wide range of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, residence time, and gas flow rate are used for training these intelligent models and monitoring the reliability of their simulation performance. The relevancy test approved that the gas flow rate and heating rate, with the Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.392 and − 0.202, have the highest impact on the bio-oil yield. The statistical accuracy monitoring of the ML models confirmed that the ANFIS model outperformed all alternatives, achieving the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), absolute average relative deviation (AARD), and correlation coefficient (R) of 2.18, 3.69, 6.45 %, and 0.95541, respectively. This outstanding simulation performance of the ANFIS model is related to its hybrid architecture that integrates interpretable fuzzy rules with artificial neural network adaptability. The applicability domain investigation identifies seven outliers and one out-of-leverage sample among the experimental databank.

构建生物质热解生产生物油的工艺，并对其操作进行优化和控制，需要对不同工艺条件和原料性质下的产量进行准确预测。现有的模型往往不能捕捉生物油产量与原料性质和操作参数之间的复杂关系。本研究应用了三种著名的机器学习（ML）类，即自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）、人工神经网络和最小二乘支持向量回归来预测生物油产量。通过对40种生物质在不同热解温度、加热速率、停留时间和气体流速下可实现的生物油产率的419组实验测量，对这些智能模型进行了训练，并监测其模拟性能的可靠性。相关性检验表明，气体流速和升温速率对生物油收率的影响最大，Pearson相关系数分别为0.392和- 0.202。对ML模型的统计精度监测证实，ANFIS模型优于所有替代模型，平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）、绝对平均相对偏差（AARD）和相关系数(R)分别为2.18、3.69、6.45%和0.95541。ANFIS模型出色的仿真性能与其融合了可解释模糊规则和人工神经网络自适应性的混合体系结构有关。适用性领域调查确定了实验数据库中的7个异常值和1个非杠杆样本。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon-rich potassium poly(heptazine imide) for stoichiometric photocatalytic water reduction to hydrogen and glycerol oxidation to high-value products via a direct photocarrier redox pathway 富碳聚七嗪亚胺钾通过直接光载体氧化还原途径，用于化学计量光催化水还原成氢和甘油氧化制高价值产品

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01826

Jun-Kai Yeh, Jih-Jen Wu

Carbon-rich potassium poly(heptazine imide) (CKPHI) was synthesized via a direct ionothermal method using a supramolecular complex comprising 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP), melamine (MA), and cyanuric acid. Increasing the TAP-to-MA ratio in the precursor promotes substitution of nitrogen atoms in the π-conjugated aromatic framework with carbon atoms and partial conversion of terminal amine groups into cyano and CH moieties, thereby increasing the carbon-to‑nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the resulting CKPHIs. This structural tuning significantly influences light absorption, charge separation, and surface charge transfer behavior, leading to optimized photocatalytic performance of potassium poly(heptazine imide) for simultaneous water reduction and glycerol oxidation. Under AM 1.5G solar illumination (100 mW cm⁻²) in 10 vol% aqueous glycerol solution, Pt-loaded CKPHI achieves high yields of hydrogen (1648 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹), glyceraldehyde (1260 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹), dihydroxyacetone (390 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹), and cyclic diglycerol (39 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹), with glyceraldehyde selectivity reaching 75 %. Moreover, Pt/CKPHI enables stoichiometric hydrogen evolution and selective glycerol oxidation under anaerobic conditions via a direct photocarrier redox pathway, effectively suppressing undesirable CC bond cleavage and overoxidation to carbon dioxide by reactive oxygen species. This work highlights the critical role of structural engineering in ionic carbon nitrides for improving charge dynamics and achieving efficient charge balance in photocatalytic hydrogen generation coupled with biomass valorization.

以2,4,6-三氨基嘧啶（TAP）、三聚氰胺（MA）和三聚氰尿酸为原料，采用直接离子热法制备了富碳聚七嗪亚胺钾（CKPHI）。增加前驱体的tap - ma比，促进π共轭芳骨架中的氮原子被碳原子取代，末端胺基部分转化为氰基和CH基团，从而提高CKPHIs中的碳氮比。这种结构调整显著影响光吸收、电荷分离和表面电荷转移行为，从而优化了聚七嗪亚胺钾同时水还原和甘油氧化的光催化性能。在AM 1.5G太阳光照（100mw cm−2）下，在10 vol%的甘油水溶液中，负载pt的CKPHI获得了高收率的氢（1648 μmol g−1 h−1）、甘油醛（1260 μmol g−1 h−1）、二羟丙酮（390 μmol g−1 h−1）和环甘油（39 μmol g−1 h−1），甘油醛选择性达到75%。此外，Pt/CKPHI可以通过直接光载体氧化还原途径在厌氧条件下进行化学计量析氢和选择性甘油氧化，有效抑制不良的CC键裂解和活性氧对二氧化碳的过度氧化。这项工作强调了结构工程在离子碳氮化物中改善电荷动力学和实现光催化制氢与生物质增值的有效电荷平衡的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing CO2/CH4 selectivity using acid-activated clay for biogas upgrading: A response surface study 酸活性粘土优化沼气升级CO2/CH4选择性：响应面研究

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01824

Riya Aneja, Anuj Chauhan, Vipin Kumar Saini

The selective removal of CO₂ from biogas is crucial for producing biomethane (Bio-CNG) with higher calorific value and cleaner combustion properties. In this work, acid activation of montmorillonite (MMT) was systematically optimized to enhance its performance as a low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for CO₂/CH₄ separation. Using a rotatable central composite design (RCCD) within the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) framework, the effects of acid concentration, activation temperature, and treatment time on CO₂ adsorption capacity and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity were investigated. Seventeen acid-activated clay samples (AC − 1 to AC-17) were synthesized, and their adsorption behavior was modeled with the Sips equation. The optimal conditions (acid concentration = 1.9 N, temperature = 28 °C, contact time = 247 min) yielded an optimized acid-activated clay (OAC) with a CO₂ uptake of 1.76 mmol·g⁻¹ and a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 121 at 1000 kPa, in close agreement with the predicted value of 118. Structural and textural analysis confirmed significant improvements in surface area (60 to 194 m²·g⁻¹) and pore volume (0.33 to 0.43 cm³·g⁻¹), attributed to dealumination and the formation of silanol groups. Working capacity analysis under PSA (1 bar)/VSA (1 Torr) conditions confirmed the practical separation potential of OAC. These findings demonstrate that optimized acid-activated clays provide a scalable and economical pathway for biogas upgrading, bridging the gap between high-performance synthetic adsorbents and low-cost natural materials.

从沼气中选择性去除二氧化碳对于生产具有更高热值和更清洁燃烧特性的生物甲烷（Bio-CNG）至关重要。本文对蒙脱土（MMT）的酸活化进行了系统优化，以提高其作为低成本、可持续的CO2/CH4分离吸附剂的性能。采用响应面法（RSM）框架下的可旋转中心复合设计（RCCD），研究了酸浓度、活化温度和处理时间对CO2吸附能力和CO2/CH4选择性的影响。合成了17个酸活化粘土样品（AC−1 ~ AC-17），用Sips方程模拟了它们的吸附行为。在酸浓度为1.9 N、温度为28℃、接触时间为247 min的条件下，得到的最佳酸活性粘土（OAC）在1000 kPa下CO2吸收率为1.76 mmol·g−1，CO2/CH4选择性为121，与预测值118基本一致。结构和结构分析证实，由于脱铝和硅醇基团的形成，其表面积（60至194 m2·g−1）和孔隙体积（0.33至0.43 cm3·g−1）有了显著的改善。PSA (1 bar)/VSA （1 Torr）条件下的工作能力分析证实了OAC的实际分离潜力。这些发现表明，优化后的酸活化粘土为沼气升级提供了一条可扩展且经济的途径，弥补了高性能合成吸附剂与低成本天然材料之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

The role of MXenes in carbon capture and storage: Innovations and environmental impact MXenes在碳捕获和封存中的作用：创新和环境影响

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01819

Priyanka Mahajan , Virat Khanna , Mansi Sharma , Kamaljit Singh

An earnest need to mitigate global climate change encompasses capturing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the environment, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂). Thus, innovations in the field of CO₂ capture are a prime necessity and gaining supreme importance. The current review has predominantly focused upon deciphering the CO₂ capture capabilities of wonder two-dimensional (2D) MXenes materials. MXenes with superb surface area outperform traditional materials in adsorption capacity. Besides, high suitability for surface functionalization adorns MXenes material for selective adsorption of CO₂ with the least energy consumption, outshining them from conventional amine-based adsorbents. The remarkable regeneration and durability abilities of MXenes build a new era of affordable and sustainable carbon capture and storage (CCS) practices. Replacing hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching with green MXenes synthesis techniques, such as microwave-assisted, electrochemical etching, and LiF process, significantly reduces the environmental impacts as well as enhances the scalability. The life cycle assessment (LCA) studies thus reveal that the implication of MXenes in CO₂ capture reduces the GHG emissions as compared to traditional coal-based adsorbents, which utilise non-renewable energy resources. Introducing the surface functional groups and noble metal doping in the structure of MXenes further push the CO₂ capture limits of these materials by embellishing their gas adsorption properties. Discussing mechanisms involved in the MXenes-based CO₂ capture and their integration with CCS, along with the thermodynamics involved through various lab-scale studies and their practical advantages, the current review may aid the scientific community in further advancements. Conclusively, MXenes-based CO₂ capture supports SDGs 11 and 13 pertaining to capturing and removal of air pollutants and provides a sustainable, economic, scalable, and highly efficient way for a cleaner and greener future. However, the challenges about the present process are identified and their suggested addressal have been discussed along with the impact of integrating more advanced computational modelling and ML-based techniques on the resilience of MXenes-based CO₂ capture techniques.

减缓全球气候变化的迫切需要包括捕获环境中的温室气体（ghg），特别是二氧化碳（CO2）。因此，二氧化碳捕获领域的创新是必不可少的，而且越来越重要。目前的综述主要集中在破译奇妙二维（2D） MXenes材料的二氧化碳捕获能力。MXenes具有优异的表面积，在吸附能力上优于传统材料。此外，MXenes材料具有良好的表面功能化能力，能够以最小的能耗对CO2进行选择性吸附，优于传统胺基吸附剂。MXenes卓越的再生能力和耐用性开创了可负担且可持续的碳捕集与封存（CCS）实践的新时代。用微波辅助、电化学蚀刻、LiF工艺等绿色MXenes合成技术代替氢氟酸（HF）蚀刻，大大减少了对环境的影响，提高了可扩展性。因此，生命周期评估（LCA）研究表明，与利用不可再生能源的传统煤基吸附剂相比，MXenes在CO2捕获中的作用减少了温室气体排放。在MXenes结构中引入表面官能团和贵金属掺杂，通过修饰这些材料的气体吸附性能，进一步推动了这些材料的CO2捕获极限。讨论基于mxenes的二氧化碳捕获及其与CCS集成的机制，以及通过各种实验室规模研究所涉及的热力学及其实际优势，当前的综述可能有助于科学界进一步取得进展。最后，基于mxenes的二氧化碳捕获支持可持续发展目标11和13，即捕获和去除空气污染物，并为更清洁、更绿色的未来提供可持续、经济、可扩展和高效的方式。然而，本文确定了当前过程中的挑战，并讨论了它们的建议解决方案，以及集成更先进的计算建模和基于ml的技术对基于mxenes的二氧化碳捕获技术弹性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-engineered self-polishing vinyl–epoxy marine coating with L-cysteine-functionalized/silver-doped hydroxyapatite/ZIF-8 nanohybrids: Integrated anti-corrosion, antibacterial, and anti-fouling functions 具有l -半胱氨酸功能化/掺银羟基磷灰石/ZIF-8纳米杂化的生态工程自抛光乙烯基环氧海洋涂料：集防腐、抗菌和防污功能于一体

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01821

Mohammad Ramezanzadeh , Bahram Ramezanzadeh , Mohammad Mahdavian , Seyed Masoud Etezad

A multifunctional bilayer self-polishing coating system was developed using an epoxy polyamide zinc phosphate primer and a vinyl chloride copolymer–rosin topcoat reinforced with silver-doped bioactive calcium phosphate-based hydroxyapatite (HA) nanosheets decorated with zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) and loaded with L-cysteine (LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA). This nanohybrid simultaneously provides anti-corrosion, antibacterial, and antifouling functions tailored for harsh marine environments. Structural, chemical, morphological, and thermal characterization (FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA) confirmed successful synthesis and integration. Antibacterial analysis revealed inhibition rates of 98.77 % against Staphylococcus aureus and 92.34 % against Escherichia coli, along with disk inhibition zones of 9.12 mm and 8.11 mm, respectively. The nanohybrid was embedded into the topcoat to formulate a smart paint (VCC/LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA), demonstrating robust passive barrier properties (log |Z|₁₀_mHz = 8.86 after 113 days in 3.5 wt% NaCl) and sustained active anticorrosion performance through 80 days of salt spray exposure. Mechanical durability was validated via scratch resistance under 3800 g load, crack-free flexibility under bending, and a 49.37 % reduction in cathodic delamination radius. The coating also showed a 22 % improvement in pull-off adhesion after accelerated aging. Field immersion tests in the Persian Gulf confirmed antifouling efficacy with complete suppression of barnacle and microbial growth after 170 days. The integration of LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA into this bilayer matrix presents a sustainable route to next-generation marine coatings, uniting long-term protection, self-polishing behavior, and environmentally benign biocidal activity.

采用环氧聚酰胺磷酸锌底漆和氯乙烯共聚物-松香面漆，以掺银生物活性磷酸钙基羟基磷灰石（HA）纳米片（沸石咪唑酸框架（ZIF-8）装饰，负载l -半胱氨酸）（LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA）增强。这种纳米混合材料同时具有防腐、抗菌和防污功能，适合恶劣的海洋环境。结构，化学，形态和热表征（FT-IR， XRD, FE-SEM， TEM， BET和TGA）证实了成功的合成和集成。对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为98.77%和92.34%，抑菌带分别为9.12 mm和8.11 mm。将纳米杂化物嵌入面漆中，形成智能涂料（VCC/LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA），显示出强大的被动屏障性能（在3.5 wt% NaCl条件下，113天后的log |Z|₁₀mHz = 8.86），并在80天的盐雾暴露中保持主动防腐性能。机械耐久性通过3800 g载荷下的抗划伤性、弯曲下的无裂纹柔韧性和49.37%的阴极分层半径减小来验证。在加速老化后，涂层的拉脱附着力也提高了22%。在波斯湾进行的现场浸泡试验在170天后证实了防污效果，完全抑制了藤壶和微生物的生长。将LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA整合到这种双层基质中，为下一代船舶涂料提供了一条可持续发展的道路，它集长期保护、自抛光行为和环保的杀生活性于一体。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling synergistic mechanisms and kinetic behaviors in co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate and balsa wood from waste wind turbine blades 揭示了废弃风力发电机叶片中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和轻木共热解的协同机理和动力学行为

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01822

Liubao Nie , Kunyuan Liu , Jing Gu , Hong Tian , Honggang Fan , Haoran Yuan

For the recycling of waste wind turbine blades (WWTBs), pyrolysis has been proven to be a promising method for the recovery of organic components. This study systematically investigated the co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and balsa wood (BW) blends by integrating thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to explore their characteristics, kinetics, and underlying reaction mechanisms. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed significant interactions, evidenced by a decrease in the maximum decomposition temperature of PET and an increase in that of BW in the blends. A notable synergistic effect, optimally achieved at a 1:1 blending ratio, enhanced mass loss and reduced the apparent activation energy, as determined by model-free kinetic methods. Kinetic analysis via the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) indicated that the pyrolysis of PET and BW conformed to the single-Gaussian DAEM (SG-DAEM) and double Gaussian DAEM (DG-DAEM), respectively, with the mixture necessitating a triple Gaussian DAEM (TG-DAEM). The fitting further deconvoluted the co-pyrolysis process into distinct reaction stages corresponding to the decomposition of cellulose/hemicellulose, lignin, and PET. Moreover, their weighting factors effectively reflecting the contribution of each component. Py-GC/MS results demonstrated that co-pyrolysis significantly altered product distribution, promoting the formation of aromatics and aldehydes while suppressing phenols, esters, and ketones. A reaction mechanism was proposed, indicating that radicals and acids derived from BW pyrolysis catalyze PET depolymerization and facilitate secondary reactions, such as decarboxylation and esterification, thereby shaping the final product slate. This work provides fundamental insights and experimental data crucial for developing efficient pyrolysis-based recycling strategies for WWTBs.

对于废弃风力涡轮机叶片的回收利用，热解已被证明是一种很有前途的有机成分回收方法。本研究采用热重质谱法（TG-MS）和热解气相色谱质谱法（Py-GC/MS）对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和巴尔杉木（BW）共热解进行了系统的研究，探讨了它们的共热解特性、动力学和潜在的反应机理。热重分析显示了显著的相互作用，证明了共混物中PET的最高分解温度降低而BW的最高分解温度升高。通过无模型动力学方法确定，在1:1的混合比例下，显著的协同效应增强了质量损失，降低了表观活化能。通过分布活化能模型（DAEM）的动力学分析表明，PET和BW的热解分别符合单高斯DAEM （SG-DAEM）和双高斯DAEM (DG-DAEM)，混合热解需要三重高斯DAEM （TG-DAEM）。拟合进一步将共热解过程分解为纤维素/半纤维素、木质素和PET分解的不同反应阶段。此外，它们的权重因子有效地反映了各组成部分的贡献。Py-GC/MS结果表明，共热解显著改变了产物分布，促进了芳烃和醛类的生成，抑制了酚类、酯类和酮类的生成。提出了一种反应机理，表明生物质热解产生的自由基和酸催化PET解聚，促进脱羧和酯化等二次反应，从而形成最终产物板岩。这项工作为开发有效的基于热解的污水处理厂回收策略提供了至关重要的基本见解和实验数据。

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引用次数: 0

Hydride ionic conductors: Bridging ionic transport mechanisms and design strategies for sustainable energy systems 氢化物离子导体：桥接离子传输机制和可持续能源系统的设计策略

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01820

Kaixiang Ren , Jianhui Li , Hai-Wen Li , Yongtao Li

Hydride ions (H⁻) have emerged as compelling charge carriers for hydrogen and energy storage, distinguished by their exceptional polarizability, robust reducibility and high redox potential. While hydride ion batteries hold transformative potential across energy technologies, progress remains constrained by limited material discovery and subpar ionic conductivity in existing systems. This review systematically deciphers hydrogen transport mechanisms in state-of-the-art hydride conductors, including vacancy-mediated hopping, interstitial migration, phase-transition-assisted diffusion, and charge-carrier clustering. Critical insights into the regulatory role of A-site cation dynamics and hydrogen-site selectivity in governing these pathways are elucidated. Building on these fundamentals, this review discusses strategies for material modification that leverage these transport mechanisms to enhance the diffusion kinetics of hydrogen anions and improve material performance. Complementing experimental advances, computational descriptors derived from density functional theory (e.g., bandgap energy, defect formation energy, and migration energy) are analyzed as predictive tools for material innovation. By bridging mechanistic understanding with performance-driven design, this work charts a roadmap to overcome current limitations in hydride ion conduction, accelerating the realization of efficient, durable and sustainable energy systems.

氢化物离子（H -）以其优异的极化性、强大的还原性和高氧化还原电位而成为氢和能量储存的引人注目的电荷载体。虽然氢化物离子电池在能源技术方面具有变革潜力，但现有系统中有限的材料发现和低于标准的离子电导率仍然限制了进展。这篇综述系统地解读了最新的氢化物导体中的氢传输机制，包括空位介导的跳变、间隙迁移、相变辅助扩散和载流子簇化。本文阐明了a位点阳离子动力学和氢位点选择性在控制这些途径中的调节作用。在这些基础上，本文讨论了利用这些传输机制来增强氢阴离子扩散动力学和改善材料性能的材料改性策略。作为实验的补充，从密度泛函理论衍生的计算描述符（例如，带隙能量、缺陷形成能量和迁移能量）被分析为材料创新的预测工具。通过将机理理解与性能驱动设计相结合，本研究为克服当前氢化物离子传导的局限性，加速实现高效、耐用和可持续的能源系统绘制了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Ionic liquid–cellulose acetate composites as humidity sensors for agriculture 4.0 and related technologies 离子液体-醋酸纤维素复合材料在农业4.0及相关技术中的湿度传感器

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01818

B.D.D. Cruz , A.S. Castro , N. Pereira , C.R. Tubio , M. Tariq , J.M.S.S. Esperança , P.M. Martins , S. Lanceros-Méndez , D.M. Correia

Humidity monitoring assessment is vital across fields such as agriculture, food processing, environmental monitoring, and healthcare, particularly within the framework of Agriculture 4.0, where smart sensing technologies enable efficient resource management and crop optimization. In this work, a sustainable cellulose acetate (CA)-based humidity sensor incorporating the ionic liquid (IL) bis(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachlorocobaltate (II) ([Bmim]₂[CoCl₄]) was developed and assessed.

This study explores the incorporation of different contents (0–40 % wt.) of the IL into a CA matrix to obtain a hydrochromic and electrically responsive composite for humidity sensing. The CA/IL composite presents a blue colour at room temperature, but when immersed in water, it changes to transparent. The incorporation of IL increases porosity and wettability, enhancing the electrical selectivity of the material. Higher performance was achieved for the CA/[Bmim]₂[CoCl₄] blend with 20 wt% IL which enabled reliable relative humidity sensing in the 50–90 % RH range. This response was demonstrated through impedance-based measurements (−33 kΩ/%RH at 10 kHz) and distinct hidrochromic variations, allowing effective soil moisture monitoring across 20–90 % RH.

This optimized formulation demonstrates strong potential for practical humidity monitoring applications, particularly in soil moisture sensing for sustainable agriculture. The findings highlight a natural-based material with improved sensitivity and dual-modality readout, supporting the development of environmentally friendly smart sensors.

湿度监测评估在农业、食品加工、环境监测和医疗保健等领域至关重要，特别是在农业4.0的框架内，智能传感技术可以实现高效的资源管理和作物优化。在这项工作中，采用离子液体（IL）（1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑）四氯钴酸盐（II）（[Bmim] 2 [CoCl₄]）开发并评估了一种可持续的醋酸纤维素（CA）基湿度传感器。本研究探讨了将不同含量（0 - 40% wt.）的IL掺入CA矩阵中，以获得用于湿度传感的水致变色和电响应复合材料。CA/IL复合材料在室温下呈蓝色，但浸入水中后变为透明。IL的加入增加了孔隙度和润湿性，增强了材料的电选择性。CA/[Bmim] 2 [CoCl₄]混合物在20 wt%的IL下实现了更高的性能，在50 - 90%的RH范围内实现了可靠的相对湿度传感。这种响应通过基于阻抗的测量（−33 kΩ/%RH, 10 kHz）和不同的汗色变化来证明，允许在20 - 90% RH范围内有效监测土壤湿度。这种优化的配方显示了实际湿度监测应用的强大潜力，特别是在可持续农业的土壤湿度传感方面。研究结果强调了一种天然材料，具有更高的灵敏度和双模态读数，支持环保智能传感器的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Critical insights on progress and prospects for emerging contaminants photocatalytic degradation with zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) heterojunctions 铁酸锌（ZnFe2O4）异质结光催化降解新污染物的进展与展望

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01816

Felipe de J. Silerio-Vázquez , Raf Dewil , Laroussi Chaabane , Bao-Lian Su , Babak Kakavandi , José B. Proal-Nájera

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) has gained increasing attention as a visible light-responsive and magnetically recoverable photocatalyst for emerging contaminant degradation. However, its low surface area and rapid charge recombination limit its photocatalytic efficiency. Coupling ZnFe₂O₄ with other semiconductors has led to zinc ferrite-based heterojunction photocatalysts (ZFHPs), where the heterojunction type and component ratio strongly influence charge-transfer pathways and photocatalytic performance. This review provides an integrated analysis of ZFHPs, emphasizing synthesis strategies from hydrothermal and coprecipitation routes to scalable microwave and combustion methods, as well as structural, optical, electronic, and magnetic characterization techniques that confirm heterojunction formation and interfacial band alignment. In addition to material design, particular attention has been given to dual photocatalytic and photo-Fenton mechanisms, optimization through statistical modeling, performance under solar and LED irradiation, and evaluations in real water matrices that reveal both resilience and limitations under complex conditions. Reusability and regeneration strategies are critically assessed, highlighting the roles of magnetic recovery, thermal and solvent-based treatments, and design approaches to mitigate photo-corrosion and leaching. Finally, prospects for advancing ZFHPs through micro- and millifluidic synthesis for scalable production, in situ characterization to probe interfacial charge dynamics, and evaluation in multi-contaminant systems that better reflect environmental reality are discussed. By integrating these aspects, this review identifies pathways to translate ZFHPs from laboratory demonstrations to practical and sustainable water treatment technologies.

铁酸锌（ZnFe2O4）作为一种可见光响应和磁可回收的光催化剂，越来越受到人们的关注。然而，其较低的比表面积和快速的电荷复合限制了其光催化效率。ZnFe2O4与其他半导体的耦合导致了锌铁氧体基异质结光催化剂（ZFHPs），其中异质结类型和成分比例强烈影响电荷转移途径和光催化性能。本文综述了zfhp的综合分析，强调了从水热和共沉淀法到可扩展的微波和燃烧方法的合成策略，以及确定异质结形成和界面带排列的结构，光学，电子和磁性表征技术。除了材料设计之外，还特别关注了双光催化和光fenton机制，通过统计建模进行优化，在太阳能和LED照射下的性能，以及在真实水基质中的评估，这些评估揭示了复杂条件下的弹性和局限性。对可重用性和再生策略进行了严格评估，强调了磁回收、热和溶剂型处理的作用，以及减轻光腐蚀和浸出的设计方法。最后，展望了zfhp的发展前景，包括微流和微流合成以实现规模化生产，原位表征以探测界面电荷动力学，以及在多污染物系统中更好地反映环境现实的评价。通过整合这些方面，本文确定了将ZFHPs从实验室演示转化为实用和可持续的水处理技术的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Emerging cement-based energy harvesting and storage materials for future net-zero energy buildings and infrastructure 新兴的水泥能源收集和储存材料，用于未来的净零能源建筑和基础设施

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01817

Wenkui Dong , Zhaocheng Li , Qianyun Zhang , Hengyu Guo , Yuan Chen , Dewei Chu , Wengui Li

The integration of civil infrastructure and energy technologies has accelerated the development of cement-based energy materials, endowing traditional infrastructure with energy harvesting, storage, and thermal regulation capabilities. As cities face increasing energy demands and pressures to enhance climate resilience, cement-based energy materials offer a scalable and decentralized pathway for embedding energy functions directly into concrete-dominated infrastructure. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances across six emerging categories of cement-based energy materials, including thermoelectric cementitious materials (TECs), piezoelectric cementitious materials (PECs), cement-based triboelectric nanogenerators (CBTENGs), cement-based batteries (CBBs), cement-based supercapacitors (CBSs), and thermal storage concrete (TSC) incorporating phase change materials (PCMs). Each category is examined in terms of fundamental mechanisms, material formulations, manufacturing processes, performance, and representative applications. Key challenges including mechanical-functional trade-offs, environmental durability, performance standardization, and scalability are evaluated, and potential integration strategies are proposed. Future research directions are outlined, emphasizing multifunctional integration, long-term durability, scalable fabrication, and the development of standardized testing protocols to accelerate real-world deployment. By synthesising insights from construction materials, structural engineering, and energy harvesting and storage systems, this review underscores the transformative potential of cement-based energy materials in advancing smart, self-powering, and sustainable infrastructure aligned with global net-zero targets.

民用基础设施与能源技术的融合加速了水泥基能源材料的发展，使传统基础设施具备了能量收集、储存和热调节能力。随着城市面临日益增长的能源需求和增强气候适应能力的压力，水泥基能源材料为将能源功能直接嵌入混凝土主导的基础设施提供了一种可扩展和分散的途径。本文综述了六种新兴水泥基能源材料的最新进展，包括热电胶凝材料（tec）、压电胶凝材料（PECs）、水泥基摩擦电纳米发电机（CBTENGs）、水泥基电池（CBBs）、水泥基超级电容器（CBSs）和结合相变材料（PCMs）的储热混凝土（TSC）。每个类别都在基本机制，材料配方，制造工艺，性能和代表性应用方面进行了检查。关键挑战包括机械功能的权衡、环境耐久性、性能标准化和可扩展性进行了评估，并提出了潜在的集成策略。概述了未来的研究方向，强调多功能集成、长期耐用性、可扩展制造和标准化测试协议的发展，以加速现实世界的部署。通过综合建筑材料、结构工程和能源收集和储存系统的见解，本综述强调了水泥基能源材料在推进智能、自供电和可持续基础设施方面的变革潜力，与全球净零目标保持一致。

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引用次数: 0