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Influence of the Physical Properties on the Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Behavior of Ag-Doped Indium Sulfide Film Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis 物理性质对喷雾热解法制备掺银硫化铟薄膜抑菌和光催化性能的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11040370
B. Tiss, Y. Moualhi, N. Bouguila, M. Kraini, S. Alaya, C. Croitoru, I. Ghiuta, D. Cristea, D. Pătroi, C. Moura, L. Cunha
Spray pyrolysis was used to deposit indium sulfide (In2S3) films, with or without silver doping. The films are polycrystalline, and the inclusion of Ag in the In2S3 structure leads to the formation of a solid solution, with the crystallite size of the order of tens of nanometers. In2S3 films exhibit a semiconductive behavior, and the incorporation of Ag leads to an increase of the charge carrier concentration, enhancing the electrical conductivity of the films. The small polaron hopping mechanism, deduced by the fittings according to the double Jonscher variation, explains the evolution of the direct current (dc) conductivity at high temperature of the Ag-doped indium sulfide. From impedance spectroscopy, it was found that the doped film presents dielectric relaxation, and Nyquist diagrams indicate the importance of the grain and the grain boundaries’ contributions to the transport phenomena. The physical characteristics of the films have an influence on the photocatalytic performance, achieving photodegradation efficiency above 80% (85.5% in the case of Ag doping), and on the antibacterial activity. The obtained results indicate that indium sulfide films are good candidates for environmental and biological applications, confirming a multifunctional nature.
采用喷雾热解法沉积含银或不含银的硫化铟(In2S3)薄膜。薄膜呈多晶状,在In2S3结构中加入Ag形成固溶体,晶粒尺寸约为几十纳米。In2S3薄膜表现出半导体性质,银的掺入导致载流子浓度的增加,提高了薄膜的导电性。根据双Jonscher变分,推导出极化子小跳变机制,解释了ag掺杂硫化铟在高温下直流电导率的演化。阻抗谱分析发现,掺杂薄膜呈现介电弛豫现象,Nyquist图表明了晶粒和晶界对输运现象的贡献。膜的物理特性对光催化性能有影响,光降解效率达到80%以上(Ag掺杂时达到85.5%),并对抗菌活性有影响。所得结果表明,硫化铟薄膜具有良好的环境和生物应用前景,证实了其多功能性质。
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引用次数: 5
Optimization of Yb2O3-Gd2O3-Y2O3 Co-Doped ZrO2 Agglomerated and Calcined Powders for Air Plasma Spraying Yb2O3-Gd2O3-Y2O3共掺杂ZrO2烧结和煅烧空气等离子喷涂粉体的优化
Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11040373
Zheng-Xin Yan, Haoran Peng, K. Yuan, Xin Zhang
Yb2O3-Gd2O3-Y2O3 co-doped ZrO2 (YGYZ) is considered to be a promising material in thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. In this study, 2Yb2O3–2Gd2O3–6Y2O3–90ZrO2 (mol.%) (10YGYZ) feedstock candidates for air plasma spraying (APS) were prepared by calcination of agglomerated powders at 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500 °C for 3 h, respectively. Incomplete solid solution was observed in calcined powders at 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C, and the 1500 °C calcined powder exhibited poor flowability due to intense sintering effect. The 1400 °C calcined powders were eventually determined to be the optimized feedstock for proper phase structure (cubic phase), great flowability, suitable apparent density and particle size distribution, etc. 10YGYZ TBCs with the optimized feedstock were prepared by APS, exhibiting pure c phase and good chemical uniformity. Controllable preparation of coatings with different porosity (i.e., 7%–9% and 12%–14%) was realized by stand-off distance adjustment.
Yb2O3-Gd2O3-Y2O3共掺杂ZrO2 (YGYZ)被认为是热障涂层(TBC)中很有前途的材料。本研究将2Yb2O3-2Gd2O3-6Y2O3-90ZrO2 (mol.%) (10YGYZ)粉末分别在1100、1200、1300、1400和1500℃煅烧3 h,制备了空气等离子喷涂(APS)的候选原料。1100℃、1200℃和1300℃煅烧后的粉末存在不完全固溶体,1500℃煅烧后的粉末由于烧结效应强烈,流动性较差。经1400℃煅烧后的粉体具有相结构适宜(立方相)、流动性好、表观密度和粒度分布适宜等特点,最终确定为最佳原料。采用APS法制备了10YGYZ型tbc,其C相纯净,化学均匀性好。通过调节间隔距离,实现了不同孔隙率(7% ~ 9%和12% ~ 14%)涂层的可控制备。
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引用次数: 4
Controlling Fusarium oxysporum Tomato Fruit Rot under Tropical Condition Using Both Chitosan and Vanillin 壳聚糖和香兰素共同防治热带条件下番茄尖孢镰刀菌果腐病
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030367
Z. Safari, P. Ding, J. Nakasha, S. F. Yusoff
Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is one of the most cultivated and widely consumed vegetables in the world. However, it is very susceptible to the infection initiated by Fusariumoxysporum fruit rot, which shortens post-harvest life and thus reduces market value. This disease can be regulated appropriately by the application of synthetic fungicides. However, chemical fungicides constitute a serious health risk, and have harmful environment effects and increase disease resistance, even when microbes are dead. Hence, to overcome this problem, chitosan and vanillin, which have antimicrobial bioactive properties against the growth of microorganisms, could be an alternative to disease control, while maintaining fruit quality and prolonging shelf life. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and vanillin towards the inoculate pathogen and to investigate the effect of chitosan and vanillin coating in vivo on Fusarium oxysporum fruit rot and defense-related enzymes (PAL, PPO and POD). Chitosan and vanillin in aqueous solutions, i.e., 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 0.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin and 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, were used as edible coatings on tomatoes stored at 26 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5 relative humidity. The result revealed 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin was able to control disease incidence by 70.84% and severity by 70%. These combinations of coatings were also able to retain phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase activity (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities as well as prolong shelf life of tomatoes up to 15 days.
番茄。是世界上种植最多、消费最广泛的蔬菜之一。然而,它很容易受到镰刀菌果腐菌的感染,这缩短了采后寿命,从而降低了市场价值。这种疾病可通过应用合成杀菌剂加以适当控制。然而,化学杀菌剂构成严重的健康风险,具有有害的环境影响,并增加抗病能力,即使在微生物死亡的情况下也是如此。因此,为了克服这一问题,壳聚糖和香兰素具有抗微生物的生物活性,可以作为控制疾病的替代方法,同时保持水果的品质和延长保质期。本研究旨在评价壳聚糖和香兰素对接种病原菌的抑菌活性,并研究壳聚糖和香兰素包衣对尖孢镰刀菌果实腐烂及防御相关酶(PAL、PPO和POD)的影响。采用0.5%壳聚糖+ 10mm香兰素、1%壳聚糖+ 10mm香兰素、1.5%壳聚糖+ 10mm香兰素、0.5%壳聚糖+ 15mm香兰素、1%壳聚糖+ 15mm香兰素和1.5%壳聚糖+ 15mm香兰素的水溶液,在26±2℃、60±5相对湿度条件下对番茄进行涂膜处理。结果表明,1.5%壳聚糖+ 15 mM香兰素可使发病率降低70.84%,使病情严重程度降低70%。这些涂层组合还能够保持苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶的活性,并将番茄的保质期延长至15天。
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引用次数: 17
Two-Step Deposition of Silicon Oxide Films Using the Gas Phase Generation of Nanoparticles in the Chemical Vapor Deposition Process 化学气相沉积法中气相生成纳米颗粒两步沉积氧化硅膜
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030365
J. Suk, Sungwook Hong, G. Jang, N. Hwang
Non-classical crystallization, in which charged nanoparticles (NPs) are the building blocks of film growth, has been extensively studied in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here, the deposition behavior of silicon oxide films by the two-step growth process, where NPs are generated in the gas phase at high temperature and deposited as films at low temperature, was studied in the CVD process. Although we supplied SiH4, H2, and N2, the deposited film turned out to be silicon oxide, which is attributed to relatively poor vacuum. Also, silicon oxide NPs were captured on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) carbon membranes of a copper grid for 10 s under various conditions. When the quartz tube with a conical nozzle was used, the size of nanoparticles increased drastically with increasing processing time (or delay time) and porous films with a rough surface were deposited. When the quartz tube without a nozzle was used, however, the size did not increase much with increasing processing time and dense films with a smooth surface were deposited. These results suggest that the size of nanoparticles is an important parameter for the deposition of dense films for two-step growth at low temperatures.
非经典结晶在化学气相沉积(CVD)中得到了广泛的研究,其中带电纳米颗粒(NPs)是薄膜生长的基石。本文在CVD工艺中研究了两步生长过程中氧化硅膜的沉积行为,即NPs在高温下气相生成,在低温下沉积成膜。虽然我们提供了SiH4, H2和N2,但沉积的膜是氧化硅,这是由于真空度相对较差。在不同条件下,在透射电子显微镜(TEM)下,在铜栅格碳膜上捕获氧化硅NPs 10 s。在锥形喷嘴石英管中,随着加工时间(或延迟时间)的增加,纳米颗粒的尺寸急剧增加,并沉积表面粗糙的多孔膜。然而,当使用不带喷嘴的石英管时,随着加工时间的增加,尺寸并没有增加太多,并且沉积了致密的表面光滑的薄膜。这些结果表明,纳米颗粒的尺寸是低温下两步生长致密薄膜沉积的重要参数。
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引用次数: 1
Characteristics and Crystal Structure of Calcareous Deposit Films Formed by Electrodeposition Process in Artificial and Natural Seawater 人工海水和自然海水中电沉积形成的钙质沉积膜的特性和晶体结构
Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030359
Jun-Mu Park, Myeong-hoon Lee, Seung-Hyo Lee
In this study, we tried to form the calcareous deposit films by the electrodeposition process. The uniform and compact calcareous deposit films were formed by electrodeposition process and their crystal structure and characteristics were analyzed and evaluated using various surface analytical techniques. The mechanism of formation for the calcareous deposit films could be confirmed and the role of magnesium was verified by experiments in artificial and natural seawater solutions. The highest amount of the calcareous deposit film was obtained at 5 A/m2 while current densities between 1–3 A/m2 facilitated the formation of the most uniform and dense layers. In addition, the adhesion characteristics were found to be the best at 3 A/m2. The excellent characteristics of the calcareous deposit films were obtained when the dense film of brucite-Mg(OH)2 and metastable aragonite-CaCO3 was formed in the appropriate ratio.
在本研究中,我们尝试用电沉积的方法来形成钙质沉积膜。采用电沉积法制备了均匀致密的钙质沉积膜,并利用各种表面分析技术对其晶体结构和特性进行了分析和评价。通过人工和天然海水溶液的实验,证实了钙沉积膜的形成机理,并验证了镁的作用。当电流密度为5 A/m2时,钙沉积膜的含量最高,而电流密度为1 ~ 3 A/m2时,钙沉积膜的形成最均匀、致密。此外,在3 A/m2时,附着力最好。当水镁石- mg (OH)2和亚稳文石- caco3以适当的比例形成致密膜时,获得了优良的钙质沉积膜特性。
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引用次数: 4
Investigation into Microstructure, Wear Resistance in Air and NaCl Solution of AlCrCoNiFeCTax High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding 激光熔覆AlCrCoNiFeCTax高熵合金涂层的组织及在空气和NaCl溶液中的耐磨性研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030358
Peng Zhao, Jun Li, R. Lei, B. Yuan, M. Xia, X. Li, Ying Zhang
AlCrCoNiFeCTax (x = 0, 0.5 and 1.0) high-entropy alloys coatings were synthesized on 45# steel by laser cladding. The microstructural evolution of the coatings with the change in x was analyzed in detail. The effect of Ta content on the wear behaviors of the coatings at different circumstances (in air and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution) was especially highlighted. The microstructure presented the following change: equiaxed BCC (Body Centered Cubic) grains + fine MC (carbide, M = Al, Cr, Co and Ni) particles (x = 0) → equiaxed BCC grains + coarse TaC blocks + fine TaC particles (x = 0.5) → flower-like BCC grains + coarse TaC blocks + eutecticum (BCC + TaC) (x = 1.0). The average microhardness of the coatings demonstrated an upward tendency with increasing x due to the combination of the stronger solid solution and dispersion strengthening from the significant difference in atomic radius between Ta and Fe and the formation of TaC with an extremely high hardness. The wear rates of the coatings were gradually reduced both in air and in NaCl solution along with the increase in Ta content, which were lower than those of the substrate. The wear rates of the coatings with x = 0.5 and 1.0 in NaCl solution were slightly reduced by about 17% and 12% when compared with those in air. However, the values of the substrate and the coating without Ta in NaCl solution were sharply enhanced by 191% and 123% when compared with those in air. This indicated that the introduction of Ta contributed to the improvement in wear resistance both in air and in NaCl solution.
采用激光熔覆法在45#钢表面合成了AlCrCoNiFeCTax (x = 0、0.5和1.0)高熵合金涂层。详细分析了涂层的微观组织随x的变化而演变。研究了不同环境(空气和3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液)下Ta含量对涂层磨损性能的影响。微观结构呈现如下变化:等轴BCC (Body Centered Cubic)晶粒+细MC(碳化物,M = Al, Cr, Co和Ni)颗粒(x = 0)→等轴BCC晶粒+粗TaC块+细TaC颗粒(x = 0.5)→花状BCC晶粒+粗TaC块+共晶(BCC + TaC) (x = 1.0)。随着x的增加,涂层的平均显微硬度呈上升趋势,这是由于Ta和Fe原子半径的显著差异所产生的更强的固溶体和弥散强化的结合以及具有极高硬度的TaC的形成。随着Ta含量的增加,涂层在空气和NaCl溶液中的磨损率逐渐降低,且低于基体。x = 0.5和1.0 NaCl溶液中涂层的磨损率比空气中涂层的磨损率分别降低了17%和12%。而不含Ta的涂层和基体在NaCl溶液中的值比在空气中分别提高了191%和123%。这表明Ta的引入对空气和NaCl溶液中耐磨性的提高都有促进作用。
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引用次数: 5
Investigation of Color Reproduction on Linen Fabrics when Printing with Mimaki TX400-1800D Inkjet with Pigment TP250 Dyes Mimaki TX400-1800D喷墨加TP250染料对亚麻织物色彩再现的研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030354
Tim Tofan, R. Stonkus, R. Jasevičius
The aim of this research is to investigate related effect of dyeability to linen textiles related to different printing parameters. The study investigated the change in color characteristics when printing on linen fabrics with an inkjet MIMAKI Tx400-1800D printer with pigmented TP 250 inks. The dependence of color reproduction on linen fabrics on the number of print head passes, number of ink layers to be coated, linen fabric density, and different types of linen fabric was investigated. All this affects the quality of print and its mechanical properties. The change in color characteristics on different types of linen fabrics was determined experimentally. We determine at which print settings the most accurate color reproduction can be achieved on different linen fabrics. The difference between the highest and the lowest possible number of head passages was investigated. The possibilities of reproducing different linen fabric colors were determined.
研究了不同印花参数对亚麻织物可染性的影响。本研究使用喷墨打印机MIMAKI Tx400-1800D,使用着色TP 250油墨,在亚麻织物上打印时,研究了颜色特性的变化。研究了喷印头次数、涂布墨层数、喷印布密度和不同种类的喷印布对亚麻织物色彩再现的影响。所有这些都会影响印品的质量及其机械性能。实验测定了不同类型亚麻织物的颜色特性变化。我们确定在哪种打印设置下,在不同的亚麻织物上可以实现最准确的色彩再现。研究了最高和最低可能的头部通道数之间的差异。确定了再现不同亚麻织物颜色的可能性。
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引用次数: 3
The Effect of Interfacial Roughness on Residual Stresses in Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition of Thermal Barrier Coatings 界面粗糙度对电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层残余应力的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030341
Bochun Zhang, Kuiying Chen, N. Baddour
Residual stresses play an essential role in determining the failure mechanisms and life of an electron beam-physical vapour deposition thermal barrier coating (EB-PVD TBC) system. In this paper, a new transitional roughness model was proposed and applied to describe the interfacial roughness profile during thermal cycles. Finite element models were implemented to calculate residual stresses at specific positions close to the interface of TBCs using temperature process-dependent model parameters. Combining stresses evaluated at valleys of the topcoat (TC) and excessive sharp tip roughness profiles, positions where the maximum out-of-plane residual stresses occur were identified and used to explain possible cracking routes of EB-PVD TBCs as interfacial roughness evolves during thermal cycling.
残余应力在电子束-物理气相沉积热障涂层(EB-PVD TBC)系统的失效机制和寿命中起着至关重要的作用。本文提出了一种新的过渡粗糙度模型,并将其应用于热循环过程中界面粗糙度的描述。采用与温度过程相关的模型参数,建立有限元模型,计算tbc界面附近特定位置的残余应力。结合面漆谷(TC)的应力评估和过于尖锐的尖端粗糙度剖面,确定了最大面外残余应力发生的位置,并用于解释EB-PVD tbc在热循环过程中随着界面粗糙度的变化可能出现的开裂路线。
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引用次数: 2
Research on a Superhydrophobic Coating of Highly Transparent Wear-Resistant Inorganic/Organic Silicon Composite Resin 高透明耐磨无机/有机硅复合树脂超疏水涂层的研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030338
Yanze Liu
Transparent superhydrophobic materials can be used in car glass, curtain walls, mobile phone screens, and other items. However, the hydrophobicity, transparency, and abrasion resistance of the transparent superhydrophobic coating are mutually restricted, and it is difficult to prepare transparent superhydrophobic coating with good performance. In this article, taking the mobile phone screen transparent coating as the research object, the inorganic silicon resin crystal coating as the main material, and the organic silicon resin as the binder and the hardness regulator, with the addition of the hydrophobically modifying nano silica particles, a high-transparent, wear-resistant, and superhydrophobic coating is researched. Experiments showed that when the composition mass ratio of SJ-32F resin to 9825 resin is 9:1 and the mass ratio of modified nano silica is 1.7%, the coating has a hardness of 3H–4H suitable for mobile phone screens, the contact angle of the coating can reach more than 150°, the rolling angle is less than 10°, and the light transmittance of the coating remains high at 91–95%. The cross-hatch adhesion strength of the coating reaches 5B, and the average adhesion strength measured by the adhesion pull tester is about 5.4 MPa. When the rubbing times reached 100, the light transmittance of the coating remained above 80%, and the contact angle remained basically unchanged.
透明超疏水材料可用于汽车玻璃、幕墙、手机屏幕等物品。然而,透明超疏水涂层的疏水性、透明度和耐磨性是相互制约的,很难制备出性能良好的透明超疏水涂层。本文以手机屏幕透明涂层为研究对象,以无机硅树脂晶体涂层为主要材料,以有机硅树脂为粘结剂和硬度调节剂,加入疏水改性纳米二氧化硅颗粒,研究了一种高透明、耐磨、超疏水的涂层。实验表明,当SJ-32F树脂与9825树脂的组成质量比为9:1,改性纳米二氧化硅的质量比为1.7%时,涂层硬度为3H-4H,适用于手机屏幕,涂层的接触角可达150°以上,滚动角小于10°,涂层的透光率保持在91-95%的高水平。涂层的交叉口粘接强度达到5B,粘接拉力试验机测得的平均粘接强度约为5.4 MPa。当摩擦次数达到100次时,涂层透光率保持在80%以上,接触角基本保持不变。
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引用次数: 3
Influence of the Thermomechanical Characteristics of Low-Density Polyethylene Substrates on the Thermoresistive Properties of Graphite Nanoplatelet Coatings 低密度聚乙烯基体热力学特性对石墨纳米板涂层热阻性能的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030332
U. Coscia, A. Longo, M. Palomba, A. Sorrentino, G. Barucca, A. Di Bartolomeo, F. Urban, G. Ambrosone, G. Carotenuto
Morphological, structural, and thermoresistive properties of films deposited on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) substrates are investigated for possible application in flexible electronics. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses, and X-ray diffraction measurements show that the films consist of overlapped graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) each composed on average of 41 graphene layers. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis indicate that irreversible phase transitions and large variations of mechanical parameters in the polymer substrates can be avoided by limiting the temperature variations between −40 and 40 °C. Electrical measurements performed in such temperature range reveal that the resistance of GNP films on LDPE substrates increases as a function of the temperature, unlike the behavior of graphite-based materials in which the temperature coefficient of resistance is negative. The explanation is given by the strong influence of the thermal expansion properties of the LDPE substrates on the thermo-resistive features of GNP coating films. The results show that, narrowing the temperature range from 20 to 40 °C, the GNP on LDPE samples can work as temperature sensors having linear temperature-resistance relationship, while keeping constant the temperature and applying mechanical strains in the 0–4.2 × 10−3 range, they can operate as strain gauges with a gauge factor of about 48.
研究了在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)衬底上沉积的薄膜的形态、结构和热阻性能,以研究其在柔性电子器件中的可能应用。扫描和透射电子显微镜分析以及x射线衍射测量表明,薄膜由重叠的石墨纳米片(GNP)组成,每个纳米片平均由41层石墨烯层组成。差示扫描量热法和动态-机械-热分析表明,通过将温度变化限制在- 40 ~ 40°C之间,可以避免聚合物衬底的不可逆相变和机械参数的大变化。在这种温度范围内进行的电学测量表明,LDPE衬底上GNP薄膜的电阻随着温度的增加而增加,这与石墨基材料的电阻温度系数为负的行为不同。LDPE衬底的热膨胀性能对GNP涂层的热阻特性有很强的影响。结果表明,当温度范围从20°C缩小到40°C时,LDPE样品上的GNP可以作为线性温度-电阻关系的温度传感器;当温度保持不变并施加0 ~ 4.2 × 10−3的机械应变时,GNP可以作为应变片工作,其应变系数约为48。
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引用次数: 5
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