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Therapeutic and Ameliorative Effects of Active Compounds of Combretum molle in the Treatment and Relief from Wounds in a Diabetes Mellitus Experimental Model 紫荆分子活性成分对糖尿病实验模型伤口的治疗和缓解作用
Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030324
R. Z. Hamza, Shaden E. Al-Motaani, Tarek Al-Talhi
Foot ulcers are one of the leading causes of severe and high mortality in diabetics. It is known that wound healing in diabetics is a very complicated process due to the direct severe effect of diabetes mellitus on blood vessels, causing difficulty in wound healing. Many methods of treatment have recently been employed for novel dressings for the promotion of tissue regeneration and rapid wound closure. Combretum molle is composed of chemical compounds, such as lignin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Twenty male rats that were 4 months of age were divided into a I-a diabetic foot ulcer group as the control group and a II-a diabetic group (wound + Combretum molle). This study investigated the antioxidant and excellent healing effects of the extract of Combretum molle in repairing skin damaged by diabetes. This was confirmed by elevated antioxidant enzymes in the animals’ tissues in diabetic rats treated with this extract. The recovery of the alterations in the skin layers led to great improvements, which proved the Combretum molle’s promising capacity for wound healing in diabetics with wounds that mimic diabetic foot ulcers. This treatment can be considered a promising opportunity for patients with severe foot ulcers and may open the door to more discoveries about this plant’s medical capabilities.
足部溃疡是糖尿病患者严重和高死亡率的主要原因之一。众所周知,糖尿病患者的创面愈合是一个非常复杂的过程,糖尿病对血管有直接严重的影响,创面愈合困难。许多治疗方法最近被用于新型敷料,以促进组织再生和快速伤口愈合。Combretum molle是由木质素、没食子酸、鞣花酸等化合物组成。选取4月龄雄性大鼠20只,分为I-a型糖尿病足溃疡组(对照组)和II-a型糖尿病足溃疡组(创面+ Combretum molle)。本研究探讨了龙葵提取物对糖尿病皮肤损伤的抗氧化及良好的修复作用。用这种提取物治疗的糖尿病大鼠的动物组织中抗氧化酶的升高证实了这一点。皮肤层变化的恢复带来了巨大的改善,这证明了Combretum molle在糖尿病患者的伤口愈合方面有希望的能力,这些伤口模仿糖尿病足溃疡。这种治疗方法可以被认为是严重足溃疡患者的一个有希望的机会,并可能打开大门,发现更多关于这种植物的医疗能力。
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引用次数: 7
Wear and Friction Characteristics of 65Mn Steel for Spike-Tooth Harrow 刺齿耙用65Mn钢的磨损与摩擦特性
Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030319
Zhiguo Lu, C. Du, Qingcai Chen, Tian-Ye Niu, Na Wang, Wanli Song
The friction and wear characteristics of spike-tooth material (65Mn steel) of Spike-Tooth Harrow in a two-stage peanut harvester were studied in this paper. The friction and wear tests of pin and disc on 65 manganese steel were carried out on the tribometer, then the wear loss and the friction coefficient were studied. The wear loss of the pin was acquired by calculating the mass of the pin before and after the experiment using an electronic balance. According to the actual working environment of peanut spring-finger, four variable parameters are set up: load, speed, soil moisture and soil type. The friction and wear characteristics of pins were studied under different loads, speeds and different soil environments. After wearing, the worn surface of the material was observed by scanning microscope and the wear mechanism was studied. The experimental results show that the wear of the pin increases with the increase of load and decreases with the increase of rotational speed in the same rotation number. Especially in the case of the sandy soil with 20% in moisture, a maximum wear loss of the pin is achieved.
研究了两段式花生收获机耙齿材料(65Mn钢)的摩擦磨损特性。在摩擦计上对65锰钢的销和盘进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究了销和盘的磨损量和摩擦系数。用电子秤计算了实验前后销的质量,得到了销的磨损量。根据花生弹簧指的实际工作环境,设置了载荷、速度、土壤湿度和土壤类型四个可变参数。研究了不同载荷、不同速度和不同土壤环境下销的摩擦磨损特性。磨损后,用扫描显微镜观察材料的磨损表面,并对其磨损机理进行了研究。实验结果表明,在相同转速下,销的磨损随载荷的增大而增大,随转速的增大而减小。特别是在含水率为20%的沙土中,销的磨损达到最大。
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引用次数: 3
Antifungal Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)-Lipid Composite Edible Coatings and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) to Reduce Postharvest Decay and Improve Storability of ‘Mollar De Elche’ Pomegranates 抗真菌羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)-脂质复合可食性涂层和改性气调包装(MAP)减少“Mollar De Elche”石榴采后腐烂和提高其储存性
Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030308
Bruno Di Millo, V. Martínez-Blay, M. Pérez-Gago, M. Argente-Sanchis, Amparo Grimal, E. Baraldi, L. Palou
Pomegranate exhibits important postharvest quality losses that limit its storage potential, caused mainly by weight loss, chilling injury and fungal diseases. In this work, we evaluated the effect of novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) edible coatings (ECs) formulated with three different lipids (beeswax (BW), carnauba wax, and glycerol monostearate), as hydrophobic components, and two different GRAS salts (potassium bicarbonate (PBC) and sodium benzoate (SB)), as antifungal ingredients, to control weight loss and natural fungal decay of ‘Mollar de Elche’ pomegranates during storage at 20 °C. Afterwards, selected antifungal ECs and commercial modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) films were assayed alone or in combination to control natural decay and preserve fruit quality of pomegranates stored at 5 °C for 4 months plus 1 week at 20 °C. Results showed that ECs amended with SB reduced pomegranate latent infections caused by Botrytis cinerea and wound diseases caused by Penicillium spp. Moreover, MAP technologies were confirmed as an efficient mean to preserve freshness, prevent fruit shriveling and rind browning, and reduce fungal decay, thus extending storage life of pomegranates. The combination HPMC-BW-SB + MAP was the most promising treatment as it reduced weight loss and decay, without negatively affecting the fruit physicochemical and sensory quality.
石榴表现出重要的采后品质损失,限制了其储存潜力,主要是由体重下降、冷害和真菌病引起的。在这项工作中,我们评估了新型羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)可食用涂层(ECs)的效果,该涂层以三种不同的脂质(蜂蜡(BW),巴西棕榈蜡和单硬脂酸甘油)为疏水成分,并以两种不同的GRAS盐(碳酸氢钾(PBC)和苯甲酸钠(SB))为抗真菌成分,在20°C的储存过程中控制Mollar de Elche石榴的体重减轻和自然真菌腐烂。然后,选择抗真菌ECs和商业改性大气包装(MAP)膜单独或联合检测,以控制石榴在5°C下储存4个月加1周的自然腐烂和保持果实品质。结果表明,经SB修饰的ECs可降低葡萄灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)对石榴的潜在感染和青霉菌(Penicillium spp)引起的创面病害,MAP技术可有效保鲜,防止果实枯萎和果皮褐变,减少真菌腐烂,从而延长石榴的贮藏寿命。HPMC-BW-SB + MAP组合处理是最有希望的处理,因为它可以减少果实的失重和腐烂,而不会对果实的物理化学和感官品质产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 10
Synthesis and Characterization of CeO2/CuO Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Visible Light 可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的CeO2/CuO纳米复合材料的合成与表征
Pub Date : 2021-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030305
A. Raees, M. Jamal, I. Ahmed, Mika Silanpaa, T. Saad Algarni
Removal of hazardous organic dyes from polluted water bodies requires the introduction of strong adsorbents and photocatalysts to industrial wastewaters. Herein, photocatalytic CeO2 nanoparticles and CeO2/CuO nanocomposite were synthesized following a co-precipitation method for low cost elution of methylene blue (MB) from water. The crystallinity and surface structure of the as-prepared materials have been analyzed using characterization techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The average particle size of both the nano scaled samples were approximately 20–30 nm. The photocatalytic properties of CeO2/CuO were investigated under visible light against methylene blue (MB). The results showed 91% photodegradation of MB organic pollutant in 3 h as monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Absorbance peaks appeared at around 670 nm corresponding to degradation of MB. Such output displayed the effectiveness of Ce nanocomposites for environmental benefits. Hence, CeO2/CuO nanocomposite could be useful for treatment of industrial wastewaters by removing hazardous MB dye.
从受污染的水体中去除有害的有机染料需要在工业废水中引入强吸附剂和光催化剂。本文采用共沉淀法合成了光催化CeO2纳米颗粒和CeO2/CuO纳米复合材料,用于低成本水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的洗脱。利用x射线粉末衍射(XRPD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、能量色散光谱(EDS)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等表征技术对制备的材料的结晶度和表面结构进行了分析。两种纳米尺度样品的平均粒径约为20-30 nm。研究了CeO2/CuO在可见光下对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能。紫外可见光谱检测结果表明,3 h内对MB有机污染物的光降解率为91%。吸收峰出现在670 nm左右,对应于MB的降解。这样的输出显示了Ce纳米复合材料对环境效益的有效性。因此,CeO2/CuO纳米复合材料可用于去除工业废水中有害的MB染料。
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引用次数: 26
Film Growth of Tetragonal SnO2 on Glass Substrate by Dip-Coating Technique for Ethanol Sensing Applications 用浸涂技术在玻璃基板上生长方形SnO2薄膜用于乙醇传感
Pub Date : 2021-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030303
Juan G. Sotelo, J. Bonilla-Rios, Fernando Garcia-Escobar, J. L. Gordillo
A thin film sensor based on tetragonal SnO2 nanoparticles was fabricated by combining the sol–gel method and a dip-coating technique on a cylindrical glass substrate. The sensing material was produced through a cycling annealing process at 400 and 600 °C, using tin chloride (IV) pentahydrate as a precursor in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution as a surfactant. Materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing tetragonal phase formation with no impurities. The sensor′s assembly was done with low-cost materials such as Cu electrodes, Cu-Ni tube pins, and glass-reinforced epoxy laminate as the base material. For signal variation, an adequate voltage divider circuit was used to detect ethanol′s presence on the surface of the sensor. The fabricated sensor response to gaseous ethanol at its operating temperature at ambient pressure is comparable to that of a commercial sensor, with the advantage of detecting ethanol at lower temperatures. The sensor response (S = Ra/Rg) to 40 ppm of ethanol at 120 °C was 7.21. A reported mathematical model was used to fit the data with good results.
采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍镀膜技术,在圆柱形玻璃基板上制备了四角形氧化锡纳米颗粒薄膜传感器。以五水氯化锡(IV)为前驱体,聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液为表面活性剂,在400℃和600℃下循环退火制备传感材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和x射线衍射仪(XRD)对材料进行了表征,发现材料形成四方相,无杂质。传感器的组装采用低成本材料完成,如Cu电极、Cu- ni管脚和玻璃增强环氧层压板作为基材。对于信号变化,一个适当的分压器电路被用来检测乙醇在传感器表面的存在。该传感器在环境压力下的工作温度下对气态乙醇的响应与商用传感器相当,具有在较低温度下检测乙醇的优点。在120℃下,当乙醇浓度为40 ppm时,传感器的响应(S = Ra/Rg)为7.21。采用已报道的数学模型对数据进行拟合,结果良好。
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引用次数: 6
Characterization and Identification of Varnishes on Copper Alloys by Means of UV Imaging and FTIR 用紫外成像和红外光谱对铜合金表面清漆进行表征和鉴定
Pub Date : 2021-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030298
Miriam Truffa Giachet, J. Schröter, L. Brambilla
The application of varnishes on the surface of metal objects has been a very common practice since antiquity, both for protective and aesthetic purposes. One specific case concerns the use of tinted varnishes on copper alloys in order to mimic gilding. This practice, especially flourishing in the 19th century for scientific instruments, decorative objects, and liturgical items, results in large museum collections of varnished copper alloys that need to be preserved. One of the main challenges for conservators and restorers deals with the identification of the varnishes through non-invasive and affordable analytical techniques. We hereby present the experimental methodology developed in the framework of the LacCA and VERILOR projects at the Haute Ecole ARC of Neuchâtel for the identification of gold varnishes on brass. After extensive documentary research and analytical campaigns on varnished museum objects, various historic shellac-based varnishes were created and applied by different methods on a range of brass substrates with different finishes. The samples were then characterized by UV imaging and infrared spectroscopy before and after artificial ageing. The comparative study of these two techniques was performed for different thicknesses of the same varnish and for different shellac grades in order to implement an identification methodology based on simple non-invasive examination and analytical tools, which are accessible to conservators.
自古以来,在金属物体表面涂上清漆是一种非常普遍的做法,既是为了保护,也是为了美观。一个具体的案例涉及在铜合金上使用有色清漆以模仿镀金。这种做法在19世纪的科学仪器、装饰物和仪式物品上尤为盛行,导致博物馆收藏了大量需要保存的涂漆铜合金。修复人员和修复人员面临的主要挑战之一是通过非侵入性和负担得起的分析技术来鉴定清漆。我们在此介绍在neuch高等学院的LacCA和VERILOR项目框架内开发的用于鉴定黄铜上的金清漆的实验方法。经过广泛的文献研究和对清漆博物馆物品的分析活动,我们创造了各种具有历史意义的以紫胶为基础的清漆,并通过不同的方法应用于一系列具有不同表面处理的黄铜基材上。然后对人工老化前后的样品进行了紫外成像和红外光谱表征。为了实现一种基于简单的非侵入性检查和分析工具的鉴定方法,对同一清漆的不同厚度和不同紫胶等级进行了这两种技术的比较研究,这对保护人员来说是容易获得的。
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引用次数: 4
Software (GUI/APP) for Developing AI-Based Models Capable of Predicting Load-Displacement Curve and AFM Image during Nanoindentation 开发基于人工智能的模型(GUI/APP),能够预测纳米压痕过程中的载荷-位移曲线和AFM图像
Pub Date : 2021-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030299
R. Jha, A. Agarwal
During nanoindentation tests, the load-displacement curve is used for estimating mechanical properties, while an indent image obtained through atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used for studying deformation of a material. We present a computational platform for developing artificial intelligence-based models for predicting indentation depth (load-displacement curve) and AFM image as a function of test parameters like maximum applied load, loading rate, and holding time. A user can directly use machine generated data in text (.txt) and hierarchical data format (HDF, hdf) format for developing the AI-based models for indentation depth and AFM image, respectively. The software was tested on three different coatings/materials for indentation depth: heat-treated (HT) sample of cold sprayed aluminum-based bulk metallic glass (Al-BMG) coating, carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composite (Al-5CNT) coating, and spark-plasma-sintered hydroxyapatite (SPS HA) sample. For AFM imaging, a heat-treated (HT) sample of cold sprayed aluminum-based bulk metallic glass (Al-BMG) coating was considered. Correlation or R-values are close to 1 for all the models developed in this work. Predicted load-displacement curve and AFM image are in good agreement with the experimental findings. Our approach will be helpful in virtual simulation of load-displacement curves and AFM indent images for a large number of new test parameters, thus significantly reducing the number of indents needed for characterizing/analyzing a material.
在纳米压痕试验中,载荷-位移曲线用于估计材料的力学性能,而原子力显微镜(AFM)获得的压痕图像用于研究材料的变形。我们提出了一个计算平台,用于开发基于人工智能的模型,用于预测压痕深度(载荷-位移曲线)和AFM图像,作为最大施加载荷、加载速率和保持时间等测试参数的函数。用户可以直接使用机器生成的文本(.txt)和分层数据格式(HDF, HDF)格式的数据分别开发基于ai的缩进深度模型和AFM图像模型。该软件在三种不同涂层/材料上进行了压痕深度测试:冷喷涂铝基大块金属玻璃(Al-BMG)涂层的热处理(HT)样品、碳纳米管增强铝复合材料(Al-5CNT)涂层和火花等离子烧结羟基磷灰石(SPS HA)样品。在AFM成像中,考虑了冷喷涂铝基大块金属玻璃(Al-BMG)涂层的热处理样品。在这项工作中开发的所有模型的相关或r值都接近1。预测的载荷-位移曲线和AFM图像与实验结果吻合较好。我们的方法将有助于大量新测试参数的载荷-位移曲线和AFM缩进图像的虚拟模拟,从而显着减少表征/分析材料所需的缩进数量。
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引用次数: 0
Multifunctional Nanocrystalline Cu–Ti Thin Films Enhance Survival and Induce Proliferation of Mouse Fibroblasts In Vitro 多功能纳米晶Cu-Ti薄膜提高小鼠成纤维细胞体外存活和诱导增殖
Pub Date : 2021-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030300
Małgorzata Osękowska, D. Wojcieszak, D. Kaczmarek, M. Mazur, Agata Obstarczyk, B. Szponar
This paper describes the effect of a nanocrystalline thin film based on copper and titanium on mouse fibroblast cells. Cu–Ti coatings were prepared using magnetron sputtering. In their composition was 25 at.% Cu and 75 at.% Ti. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of the material on the survival, migration, and proliferative capabilities of mouse L929 fibroblasts. The Cu25Ti75 material had no effect on the induction of cell death and did not disturb the cell cycle phase. The study showed a unique effect of a Cu25Ti75 thin film on mouse fibroblast cells, and the results concerning mitochondrial activity, cell proliferation, and migration proved that the material is nontoxic and shows proliferative properties in a wound healing test. The possible biomedical applications of the new nanocrystalline thin film biomaterial with multifunctional properties are described.
本文描述了铜钛纳米晶薄膜对小鼠成纤维细胞的影响。采用磁控溅射法制备了Cu-Ti涂层。在他们的作文中有25分。% Cu和75 at。%。该研究的目的是评估该材料对小鼠L929成纤维细胞的存活、迁移和增殖能力的影响。Cu25Ti75材料对诱导细胞死亡没有影响,也不干扰细胞周期阶段。该研究显示了Cu25Ti75薄膜对小鼠成纤维细胞的独特作用,有关线粒体活性、细胞增殖和迁移的结果证明该材料无毒,并在伤口愈合测试中显示出增殖特性。介绍了具有多种功能的纳米晶体薄膜生物材料在生物医学上的应用前景。
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引用次数: 2
Preparation of Red Phosphor Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+ by Pellet Method and Its Optical Characteristics 球团法制备Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+红色荧光粉及其光学特性
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030283
Yu-Bing Lan, Dong Wang, Dongliang Xie, Jun Tan, Bowen Li, Mei Zhang, Yan Chen
Red Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+ phosphor with excellent properties was successfully synthesized by pellet method, an effective synthesis technology presented in this work. The influence of reactive conditions such as pellet pressure, position of samples in carbon powder, and Eu2+ ion concentration on the properties of crystallinity, particle size, and the photoluminescence properties of Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+ phosphor were studied in detail. Our results show that the optimum preparation condition is 1500, 5 MPa pellet pressure, and the middle position in carbon powder. The phosphor has improved its efficiency under excitation of near UV and blue LEDs, and it emits red light at around 620 nm. In addition, red LEDs were successfully prepared by using Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+ phosphor combined with UV-chips with maximum luminous efficiency at 9.443 lm/W, when the molar concentration of Eu2+ ion reached 0.001.
采用球团法成功合成了性能优良的红色Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+荧光粉,是一种有效的合成技术。详细研究了球团压力、样品在碳粉中的位置、Eu2+离子浓度等反应条件对Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+荧光粉结晶度、粒径及光致发光性能的影响。结果表明,最佳制备条件为1500,球团压力为5 MPa,中间位置为碳粉。该荧光粉在近紫外和蓝光led的激发下提高了效率,并在620nm左右发出红光。此外,当Eu2+离子的摩尔浓度达到0.001时,Sr2Si5N8: Eu2+荧光粉与uv芯片结合成功制备出发光效率最高的红色led,发光效率为9.443 lm/W。
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引用次数: 4
Influences of Growth Species and Inclusions on the Current–Voltage Behavior of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: A Review 生长种类和夹杂物对等离子体电解氧化电流-电压行为的影响
Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.3390/COATINGS11030270
D. Tsai, C. Chou
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has attracted increasing attention since the transportation industry adopts more lightweight metal components and requires an improved version of anodizing for surface protection. In response to the demand, researchers enrich the technical connotation of PEO through diversifying the growth paths and adopting new precursors. Foreign electrolyte additives, involving ceramic and polymeric particles, organic dye emulsions, are incorporated to accomplish various goals. On the other hand, significant progress has been made on comprehension of softening sparks; denoting the adverse trend of growing discharge intensity can be re-routed by involving cathodic current. I–V response shows the cathodic pulse current not only cools down the ensuing anodic pulse, but also twists the coating conductivity, and the residuals of twists accumulate over a long time frame, plausibly through oxide protonation. Thus, the cathodic current provides a tool to control the discharge intensity via integration of the coating conductivity deviations. So far, these cathodic current studies have been performed in the electrolytes of KOH and Na2SiO3. When exotic additives are included, for example Cr2O3, the cathodic current effect is also shifted, as manifested in remarkable changes in its current–voltage (I–V) behavior. We anticipate the future study on cathodic current influences of inclusion shall lead to a precise control of micro arc.
等离子电解氧化(PEO)引起了越来越多的关注,因为交通运输行业采用了更轻的金属部件,并且需要改进的阳极氧化来保护表面。为了满足需求,研究者们通过多样化生长路径和采用新的前驱体来丰富PEO的技术内涵。国外电解质添加剂,包括陶瓷和聚合物颗粒,有机染料乳液,加入以实现各种目标。另一方面,对软化火花的理解也取得了重大进展;表示放电强度增长的不利趋势可以通过引入阴极电流来重新路由。I-V响应表明阴极脉冲电流不仅冷却了随后的阳极脉冲,而且扭曲了涂层的导电性,并且扭曲的残余在很长一段时间内积累,可能是通过氧化物质子化。因此,阴极电流通过镀层电导率偏差的集成提供了一种控制放电强度的工具。到目前为止,这些阴极电流研究都是在KOH和Na2SiO3电解质中进行的。当加入Cr2O3等外来添加剂时,阴极电流效应也发生了变化,这表现在其电流-电压(I-V)行为的显著变化上。我们预计,未来对阴极电流影响的研究将导致微弧的精确控制。
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引用次数: 11
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