Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11508
Tarachand Basor, B. Thapa, Nimesh Timsina
Zingiberaceae family are used in medicine to treat a variety of human maladies, lessen inflammation, relieve motion sickness, and enhance digestion. In the current study seven Zingiberaceae species, including Zingiber zerumbet, Kaempferia rotunda, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma zedeoaria, Zingiber rubens, Costus speciosus and Hedychium flavescens were assessed for phytochemical and multi-element composition. All seven species showed a considerable variation proving to be superior in many ways when compared to the nutritional worth of near commercial species, such as ginger and turmeric. The outcome emphasizes the phytochemical and elemental value of lesser-known but equally significant plants with strong therapeutic potential, and also indicates the need to encourage cultivation and protect genetic resources.
{"title":"Phytopharmacological and multi-elemental profiling of potential zingiberaceae species","authors":"Tarachand Basor, B. Thapa, Nimesh Timsina","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11508","url":null,"abstract":"Zingiberaceae family are used in medicine to treat a variety of human maladies, lessen inflammation, relieve motion sickness, and enhance digestion. In the current study seven Zingiberaceae species, including Zingiber zerumbet, Kaempferia rotunda, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma zedeoaria, Zingiber rubens, Costus speciosus and Hedychium flavescens were assessed for phytochemical and multi-element composition. All seven species showed a considerable variation proving to be superior in many ways when compared to the nutritional worth of near commercial species, such as ginger and turmeric. The outcome emphasizes the phytochemical and elemental value of lesser-known but equally significant plants with strong therapeutic potential, and also indicates the need to encourage cultivation and protect genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81596519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11510
J. Bhut, DV Khanpara, A. Bharadiya, R. Madariya
Field experiments on bio-efficacy of chemical insecticides against defoliators Spodoptera litura and Achaea janata in castor was carried out at Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during consecutive three year i.e. 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-2018. All the treatments were significantly superior over untreated check. Results of the experiment indicated that lowest number of larvae per plant for S. litura and A. janata was recorded in the treatment of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006% (0.42 & 0.22 larvae/plant), which was at par with the most of the insecticidal treatments except the treatment of poneem after three days of the first spray. More or less similar trend was observed after 7 and 14 days of first spray as well as 3,7 and 14 days after second spray. The highest net return was recorded in treatment of indoxacarb 14.5 SC 0.0073% (Rs. 31870/-) followed by the treatment chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006% (Rs. 31080/-), spinosad 45 SC 0.009% (Rs.29240/-) and emamectin benzoate 5 % WG 0.002 % (Rs. 26232/-). Looking to the ICBR, the treatment of profenophos 40 % + cypermethrin 4% 44 EC noted the highest ICBR i.e. (1:11.60) followed by the treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.05% (1: 10.20), indoxacarb 14.5 SC 0.0073% (1:9.30) and emamectin benzoate 5 % WG 0.002 % (1:7.30).
{"title":"Bio-Efficacy of Chemical Insecticides Against Defoliators Spodoptera litura and Achaea janata in Castor","authors":"J. Bhut, DV Khanpara, A. Bharadiya, R. Madariya","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11510","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments on bio-efficacy of chemical insecticides against defoliators Spodoptera litura and Achaea janata in castor was carried out at Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during consecutive three year i.e. 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-2018. All the treatments were significantly superior over untreated check. Results of the experiment indicated that lowest number of larvae per plant for S. litura and A. janata was recorded in the treatment of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006% (0.42 & 0.22 larvae/plant), which was at par with the most of the insecticidal treatments except the treatment of poneem after three days of the first spray. More or less similar trend was observed after 7 and 14 days of first spray as well as 3,7 and 14 days after second spray. The highest net return was recorded in treatment of indoxacarb 14.5 SC 0.0073% (Rs. 31870/-) followed by the treatment chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006% (Rs. 31080/-), spinosad 45 SC 0.009% (Rs.29240/-) and emamectin benzoate 5 % WG 0.002 % (Rs. 26232/-). Looking to the ICBR, the treatment of profenophos 40 % + cypermethrin 4% 44 EC noted the highest ICBR i.e. (1:11.60) followed by the treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.05% (1: 10.20), indoxacarb 14.5 SC 0.0073% (1:9.30) and emamectin benzoate 5 % WG 0.002 % (1:7.30).","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85682392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11504
D. Credo, F. Mabiki, F. Machumi, M. Chacha, C. Cornett
Commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) is traditionally used for medicinal purposes both in humans and animals in Tanzania. Previously, its leaves extract has been demonstrated antibacterial activity. However, there is limited information on identification of pure compounds responsible for its observed antibacterial activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and evaluate antibacterial activity of pure compounds isolated from its leaves extract. Colum chromatographic separation of its dichloromethane leaves extract afforded the isolation of two sterols namely, Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) and β-sitosterol (2). Their structures were deduced by using NMR data experimentally obtained and comparison with spectral data available in literatures. The sterols were evaluated for activity against four nosocomial infectious bacteria namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) by broth microdilution method. Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) demonstrated strong activity against S. aureus (MIC= 0.5 mg/ml) and weak activities (MIC >2mg/ml) against other bacteria. β-sitosterol (2) exhibited weak activities (MIC >2mg/ml) against all tested bacteria. Therefore, presence of antibacterial active compound(s) such as Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) among others in the leaves of C. swynnertonii can justify its earlier reported antibacterial activity and further confirms the claimed traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of bacterial infections.
{"title":"Activity of Sterols Isolated from the Leaves of Commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) Against Some Nosocomial Infectious Bacteria","authors":"D. Credo, F. Mabiki, F. Machumi, M. Chacha, C. Cornett","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11504","url":null,"abstract":"Commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) is traditionally used for medicinal purposes both in humans and animals in Tanzania. Previously, its leaves extract has been demonstrated antibacterial activity. However, there is limited information on identification of pure compounds responsible for its observed antibacterial activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and evaluate antibacterial activity of pure compounds isolated from its leaves extract. Colum chromatographic separation of its dichloromethane leaves extract afforded the isolation of two sterols namely, Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) and β-sitosterol (2). Their structures were deduced by using NMR data experimentally obtained and comparison with spectral data available in literatures. The sterols were evaluated for activity against four nosocomial infectious bacteria namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) by broth microdilution method. Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) demonstrated strong activity against S. aureus (MIC= 0.5 mg/ml) and weak activities (MIC >2mg/ml) against other bacteria. β-sitosterol (2) exhibited weak activities (MIC >2mg/ml) against all tested bacteria. Therefore, presence of antibacterial active compound(s) such as Cholest-7-en-3β-ol (1) among others in the leaves of C. swynnertonii can justify its earlier reported antibacterial activity and further confirms the claimed traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73079043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11507
Egbe Agala Eja, Eyo Aniekan-Augusta Okon, Inya Joseph, Archibong Anietie Michael
Background: Hypoestes rosea, an evergreen shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family possess antiulcer potential amongst its several other medicinal properties, including usefulness as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: In this study, we investigated the anti-secretory effect of aqueous leaf extract of H. rosea as the possible mechanism for its antiulcer activity in gastric ulcer induced rats. Methods: 40 rats were divided into 2 experimental phases of 20 rats each. They were further separated into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (Normal control: rat chow and water only). Group 2 Ulcer control: Indomethacin-induced (40mg/kg bw). Group 3: Low dose (100mg/kg bw). Group 4: Medium dose (200mg/kg bw). Group 5: High dose (300mg/kg bw). Phase 1 involved determination of ulcer lesion index and % inhibition. Phase 2 involved estimation of gastric acid secretion using the method of continuous perfusion with 10minutes aliquots titrated against 0.01N NaOH. Results: Aqueous extract of Hypoestes rosea produced a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in ulcer lesion score with an accompanying increase in percentage inhibition at the various doses used in the study (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg bw). Also, there was a significant decrease in basal and histamine-induced acid secretion at all doses with the greatest effect observed at the high dose (300mg/kg bw). Conclusion: Results obtained showed that aqueous extract of H. rosea decreased gastric acid secretion possibly due to inhibition of Histamine receptors and may thus be the mechanism for its anti-ulcer activity.
{"title":"Gastric acid anti-secretory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Hypoestes rosea in ulcer-induced rats","authors":"Egbe Agala Eja, Eyo Aniekan-Augusta Okon, Inya Joseph, Archibong Anietie Michael","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypoestes rosea, an evergreen shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family possess antiulcer potential amongst its several other medicinal properties, including usefulness as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: In this study, we investigated the anti-secretory effect of aqueous leaf extract of H. rosea as the possible mechanism for its antiulcer activity in gastric ulcer induced rats. Methods: 40 rats were divided into 2 experimental phases of 20 rats each. They were further separated into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (Normal control: rat chow and water only). Group 2 Ulcer control: Indomethacin-induced (40mg/kg bw). Group 3: Low dose (100mg/kg bw). Group 4: Medium dose (200mg/kg bw). Group 5: High dose (300mg/kg bw). Phase 1 involved determination of ulcer lesion index and % inhibition. Phase 2 involved estimation of gastric acid secretion using the method of continuous perfusion with 10minutes aliquots titrated against 0.01N NaOH. Results: Aqueous extract of Hypoestes rosea produced a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in ulcer lesion score with an accompanying increase in percentage inhibition at the various doses used in the study (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg bw). Also, there was a significant decrease in basal and histamine-induced acid secretion at all doses with the greatest effect observed at the high dose (300mg/kg bw). Conclusion: Results obtained showed that aqueous extract of H. rosea decreased gastric acid secretion possibly due to inhibition of Histamine receptors and may thus be the mechanism for its anti-ulcer activity.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73724696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11411
V. Sahu, Keerthi Tantawi, Swapnil Sapre, Nishi Mishra, P. Tiwari, Prashant Gigaulia, S. Nema, S. Tiwari
Curcuma caesia belongs to the genus Curcuma and the family of Zingiberaceae, which is a very important but unexplored medicinal plant. It is locally known as black turmeric or kali halide and is mainly used by the local tribal community as traditional medicine for the health sector. The rhizome of black turmeric has wide applications in the economic pharma sector due to essential active ingredients. This research aims to standardize a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for DNA extraction in Curcuma caesia which can be used for another genus of Zingiberaceae to obtain DNA from leaf samples. Changes in the concentration of components of DNA extraction buffer have improved the quantity of DNA from leaf samples compared to rhizomes. Extracted DNA samples also proved more efficient in PCR amplification of DNA barcode primers. The protocol developed in the present study is more efficient for leaf samples of Curcuma caesia compared to rhizome samples.
{"title":"Improved method of DNA extraction from leaf and rhizome samples of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) for molecular analysis","authors":"V. Sahu, Keerthi Tantawi, Swapnil Sapre, Nishi Mishra, P. Tiwari, Prashant Gigaulia, S. Nema, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11411","url":null,"abstract":"Curcuma caesia belongs to the genus Curcuma and the family of Zingiberaceae, which is a very important but unexplored medicinal plant. It is locally known as black turmeric or kali halide and is mainly used by the local tribal community as traditional medicine for the health sector. The rhizome of black turmeric has wide applications in the economic pharma sector due to essential active ingredients. This research aims to standardize a rapid, simple and efficient protocol for DNA extraction in Curcuma caesia which can be used for another genus of Zingiberaceae to obtain DNA from leaf samples. Changes in the concentration of components of DNA extraction buffer have improved the quantity of DNA from leaf samples compared to rhizomes. Extracted DNA samples also proved more efficient in PCR amplification of DNA barcode primers. The protocol developed in the present study is more efficient for leaf samples of Curcuma caesia compared to rhizome samples.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89413852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11401
E. Agbaje, Omiyale Olumakinde Charles
Background- Wound healing remains a challenging clinical problem, and correct, efficient wound management is essential. Various formulations of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) is used in the folk medical therapeutics of Africa due to their anti-inflammatory effects and ethnomedicinal claims. Objective- To evaluate the re-epitheliazation, rapid wound healing and antioxidant activities of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) leaves essential oil (SMEO) through excision in vivo model. Materials and Methods- Thirty-eight male rats weighing 250 ± 20g were used. Random grouping into n=6 rats; Group 1 received 50µL of 1% SMEO, Group 2 received 0.1% of DMSO and Tween 20 (Control), Group 3 received Dermazin® ointment, Group 4 was untreated, Group 5 received 50µL of 10% SMEO, Group 6 received 50µL of 15% SMEO, were treated for 14 days. In vivo wound healing rat model was employed with tissues of two rats harvested per group on the 3rd, 10th and 14th days after excision for histological analysis. The SMEO of (25–100 μg/ml) was passed through DPPH, Nitric oxide, Reducing power assays. Results- The antioxidant assays showed scavenging of species in close comparison with standard in a dose dependent manner. The essential oil showed promising results even at low concentration of 1%. The 10% and 15% wound contraction progression showed efficiency over the standard. Macroscopic observation and Histological analysis revealed a significant wound healing process of the treatment groups compared to the vehicle-treated and unwounded controls, after the 3rd, 7th and 14th day. Conclusion- The essential oil showed ability to initiate re-epithelization, proliferative stimulation of new blood vessels, collagen fiber synthesis and overall improved wound healing better than the standard (Dermazin®), therefore, a possible presentation as lead for drug development.
{"title":"Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) Essential Oil Ointment Enhances Healing of Excision Wounds in Rats","authors":"E. Agbaje, Omiyale Olumakinde Charles","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11401","url":null,"abstract":"Background- Wound healing remains a challenging clinical problem, and correct, efficient wound management is essential. Various formulations of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) is used in the folk medical therapeutics of Africa due to their anti-inflammatory effects and ethnomedicinal claims. Objective- To evaluate the re-epitheliazation, rapid wound healing and antioxidant activities of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) leaves essential oil (SMEO) through excision in vivo model. Materials and Methods- Thirty-eight male rats weighing 250 ± 20g were used. Random grouping into n=6 rats; Group 1 received 50µL of 1% SMEO, Group 2 received 0.1% of DMSO and Tween 20 (Control), Group 3 received Dermazin® ointment, Group 4 was untreated, Group 5 received 50µL of 10% SMEO, Group 6 received 50µL of 15% SMEO, were treated for 14 days. In vivo wound healing rat model was employed with tissues of two rats harvested per group on the 3rd, 10th and 14th days after excision for histological analysis. The SMEO of (25–100 μg/ml) was passed through DPPH, Nitric oxide, Reducing power assays. Results- The antioxidant assays showed scavenging of species in close comparison with standard in a dose dependent manner. The essential oil showed promising results even at low concentration of 1%. The 10% and 15% wound contraction progression showed efficiency over the standard. Macroscopic observation and Histological analysis revealed a significant wound healing process of the treatment groups compared to the vehicle-treated and unwounded controls, after the 3rd, 7th and 14th day. Conclusion- The essential oil showed ability to initiate re-epithelization, proliferative stimulation of new blood vessels, collagen fiber synthesis and overall improved wound healing better than the standard (Dermazin®), therefore, a possible presentation as lead for drug development.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75937024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11408
Prasad K. Bhamare, David Thakur, B. Ganguly
Heat stress is a very common type of stress in dairy animals. Exposure to heat-stress can result in decreased yield and poor, watery consistency of milk. Here, the results of an efficacy trial of a polyherbal antistressor premix at reducing summer stress-associated milk yield losses in dairy cows are reported. 12 healthy lactating Gir cows in early to mid of first to third lactations were randomized to one of two groups. The first group was left unsupplemented while the second group received supplementation with a polyherbal anti-stressor (Stresomix™ premix, M/s Ayurvet Limited, India) for seven days. Daily milk yield was recorded over a 30 days’ period of moderate heat stress (THI = 81.9). Protein and fat content of milk and serum cortisol levels were also measured at specific intervals. The polyherbal antistressor-supplemented group T1 showed significant improvements in milk fat content, fat-corrected milk yield, and serum cortisol levels over the untreated control group T0, attesting the efficacy of the polyherbal antistressor supplement in heat-stressed dairy cows. Based on the results of the study, the polyherbal antistressor, Stresomix premix, at 1 Kg/tonne of feed for 7 days, was found efficacious for the reduction of stress and improvement of milk fat content in dairy cows under summer stress.
{"title":"Efficacy evaluation of a polyherbal antistressor premix at reducing summer stress-associated losses in dairy cows","authors":"Prasad K. Bhamare, David Thakur, B. Ganguly","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11408","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress is a very common type of stress in dairy animals. Exposure to heat-stress can result in decreased yield and poor, watery consistency of milk. Here, the results of an efficacy trial of a polyherbal antistressor premix at reducing summer stress-associated milk yield losses in dairy cows are reported. 12 healthy lactating Gir cows in early to mid of first to third lactations were randomized to one of two groups. The first group was left unsupplemented while the second group received supplementation with a polyherbal anti-stressor (Stresomix™ premix, M/s Ayurvet Limited, India) for seven days. Daily milk yield was recorded over a 30 days’ period of moderate heat stress (THI = 81.9). Protein and fat content of milk and serum cortisol levels were also measured at specific intervals. The polyherbal antistressor-supplemented group T1 showed significant improvements in milk fat content, fat-corrected milk yield, and serum cortisol levels over the untreated control group T0, attesting the efficacy of the polyherbal antistressor supplement in heat-stressed dairy cows. Based on the results of the study, the polyherbal antistressor, Stresomix premix, at 1 Kg/tonne of feed for 7 days, was found efficacious for the reduction of stress and improvement of milk fat content in dairy cows under summer stress.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80533875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11403
B. Harish, P. Shivakumar, Bharani Kumar, Boinapally Ramya, Nisaath Begum, M. U. Rani, B. Kumar
The therapeutic efficacy of Resveratrol (RSV) and Vitamin E were studied against 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity. 36 male Wistar rats were selected randomly weighing between 150-180 g and are made into 6 groups, each group containing 6 rats. Group 1 was maintained as sham. 5-Flourouracil was administered to groups 2, 5 and 6 intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg body weight) on day 1, 3 and 7. Group 2 was kept as positive control (administered 5-FU intraperitoneally). Groups 3, 5 and 4, 6 were administered vitamin E and resveratrol per orally for 14 days @ 200 mg/kg bwt. At the end of the experiment the blood was withdrawn and serum analyzed for renal biomarkers. For histopathological studies, samples of kidney tissue collected by inducing euthanasia in rats. The sero-biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in BUN and creatinine values of the rats in group 2. The antioxidant activity was analyzed and the rats in group 2 revealed a significant rise in the values of protein carbonyl, TBARS and significant decrease in GSH. Group 2 also showed an increase in TNF-α and decrease in interleukin-10 concentration. Sections of kidney tissue collected from group 2 showed marked dilation and elongation of tubules, moderate infiltration with inflammatory cells degeneration of bowman’s capsule and tubular congestion. Comparatively, groups undergone treatment showed amelioration in the parameters. Thus, resveratrol and vitamin-E exert protective actions against 5-flourouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity.
{"title":"Amelioration of experimental nephrotoxicity due to 5-Flourouracil by Resveratrol in comparison to Vitamin-E","authors":"B. Harish, P. Shivakumar, Bharani Kumar, Boinapally Ramya, Nisaath Begum, M. U. Rani, B. Kumar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11403","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic efficacy of Resveratrol (RSV) and Vitamin E were studied against 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity. 36 male Wistar rats were selected randomly weighing between 150-180 g and are made into 6 groups, each group containing 6 rats. Group 1 was maintained as sham. 5-Flourouracil was administered to groups 2, 5 and 6 intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg body weight) on day 1, 3 and 7. Group 2 was kept as positive control (administered 5-FU intraperitoneally). Groups 3, 5 and 4, 6 were administered vitamin E and resveratrol per orally for 14 days @ 200 mg/kg bwt. At the end of the experiment the blood was withdrawn and serum analyzed for renal biomarkers. For histopathological studies, samples of kidney tissue collected by inducing euthanasia in rats. The sero-biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in BUN and creatinine values of the rats in group 2. The antioxidant activity was analyzed and the rats in group 2 revealed a significant rise in the values of protein carbonyl, TBARS and significant decrease in GSH. Group 2 also showed an increase in TNF-α and decrease in interleukin-10 concentration. Sections of kidney tissue collected from group 2 showed marked dilation and elongation of tubules, moderate infiltration with inflammatory cells degeneration of bowman’s capsule and tubular congestion. Comparatively, groups undergone treatment showed amelioration in the parameters. Thus, resveratrol and vitamin-E exert protective actions against 5-flourouracil (5-FU) induced nephrotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90536260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11404
T. Ogunmoyole, O. Afolayan, Toluwalase Ajayi, O. J. Makun
Bambusa vulgaris has been widely utilized in folkloric medicine for the treatment several diseases. The present study evaluates the ameliorative effects of its leaves extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced organs’ damage. This was done to provide a cost-effective and potent therapeutic option in the management of multi-organ disorders. Twenty Wistar rats were placed into five groups (I-V) of four animals each. All experimental animals, except group I were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.). Animals in groups III and IV were treated with B. vulgaris at 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w. respectively, group V animals received 100 mg/kg b.w. silymarin after initial exposure, while group II animals were left untreated after initial exposure to CCl4. Specific markers of liver, kidney and heart injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin and cytokines were assayed in the serum and tissue homogenates. Results indicate that carbon tetrachloride caused a significant increase in the serum level of AST, ALP, ALT, LDH as well as bilirubin, urea and inflammatory cytokines relative to control. On the other hand, activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were diminished following exposure to CCl4. However, treatment with the B. vulgaris extract restored to all deranged biochemical indices to values comparable with animals treated with silymarin. Histopathological evidence lends credence to the ameliorative potential of B. vulgaris leaf extract on damaged liver, heart and kidney. Hence, B. vulgaris can be considered a viable therapeutic agent for the management/treatment of renal, cardiac and hepatic diseases.
{"title":"Ameliorative Potentials of Bambusa vulgaris Leaf Extract on Carbon tetrachloride Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats","authors":"T. Ogunmoyole, O. Afolayan, Toluwalase Ajayi, O. J. Makun","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11404","url":null,"abstract":"Bambusa vulgaris has been widely utilized in folkloric medicine for the treatment several diseases. The present study evaluates the ameliorative effects of its leaves extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced organs’ damage. This was done to provide a cost-effective and potent therapeutic option in the management of multi-organ disorders. Twenty Wistar rats were placed into five groups (I-V) of four animals each. All experimental animals, except group I were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.). Animals in groups III and IV were treated with B. vulgaris at 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w. respectively, group V animals received 100 mg/kg b.w. silymarin after initial exposure, while group II animals were left untreated after initial exposure to CCl4. Specific markers of liver, kidney and heart injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin and cytokines were assayed in the serum and tissue homogenates. Results indicate that carbon tetrachloride caused a significant increase in the serum level of AST, ALP, ALT, LDH as well as bilirubin, urea and inflammatory cytokines relative to control. On the other hand, activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were diminished following exposure to CCl4. However, treatment with the B. vulgaris extract restored to all deranged biochemical indices to values comparable with animals treated with silymarin. Histopathological evidence lends credence to the ameliorative potential of B. vulgaris leaf extract on damaged liver, heart and kidney. Hence, B. vulgaris can be considered a viable therapeutic agent for the management/treatment of renal, cardiac and hepatic diseases.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88711106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11412
Saravanan Palaniappan
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disease that mainly affects the old age people. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by low level of acetylcholine, loss of synapses and neurons in certain brain regions, accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylation of intracellular tau protein. Patients with AD are characterized by various symptoms such as memory deficits, depression, cognitive dysfunction and difficult to perform daily activities. Currently available drugs for the treatment of AD are used to treat symptomatic relief at an early stage, however the prolonged usage of the drugs may cause adverse side effects. To overcome this, development of drugs produced from natural products is considered as one of the promising alternatives for the treatment of AD. Among that heterocyclic compound play a major role in the development of therapeutic drugs against various disorders. An organic compound which is cyclic or non-cyclic consists of one or more atoms in their ring structure are known as heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds occur both in natural and synthetic form and play a major role in the metabolism of all living cells. Most of the organic compounds used as drugs have a heterocyclic core in their skeleton. Nitrogenous bases such as purines and pyrimidines present in DNA, chlorophyll, vitamins contain heterocycle in their structure. Other compounds containing heterocycles are proline, morphine, furan, vinblastine, cephalosporin, penicillin etc. This review summarizes the nomenclature, classification, and the role of heterocyclic compounds in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
{"title":"Pharmacological Role of Heterocyclic Compounds in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review","authors":"Saravanan Palaniappan","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11412","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disease that mainly affects the old age people. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by low level of acetylcholine, loss of synapses and neurons in certain brain regions, accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylation of intracellular tau protein. Patients with AD are characterized by various symptoms such as memory deficits, depression, cognitive dysfunction and difficult to perform daily activities. Currently available drugs for the treatment of AD are used to treat symptomatic relief at an early stage, however the prolonged usage of the drugs may cause adverse side effects. To overcome this, development of drugs produced from natural products is considered as one of the promising alternatives for the treatment of AD. Among that heterocyclic compound play a major role in the development of therapeutic drugs against various disorders. An organic compound which is cyclic or non-cyclic consists of one or more atoms in their ring structure are known as heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds occur both in natural and synthetic form and play a major role in the metabolism of all living cells. Most of the organic compounds used as drugs have a heterocyclic core in their skeleton. Nitrogenous bases such as purines and pyrimidines present in DNA, chlorophyll, vitamins contain heterocycle in their structure. Other compounds containing heterocycles are proline, morphine, furan, vinblastine, cephalosporin, penicillin etc. This review summarizes the nomenclature, classification, and the role of heterocyclic compounds in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87330261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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