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On the question of the use of colon in Russian and Persian 关于俄语和波斯语中冒号的使用问题
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2024-483-1-72-80
Sevinj Mehdikhanli, Bahareh Cheraghi
This article is devoted to the use of the punctuation mark “colon” in the Russian and Persian languages. Its purpose is to identify the exact meanings and areas of this sign usage in Russian and Persian. Punctuation marks in the grammar of the Russian language play a significant role, they help to read and understand the text easier. Punctuation marks in Persian are mainly used to eliminate ambiguities and lead to simple and correct reading of the text. The article analyzes the situations of the usage of this sign in Russian and Persian applying a comparative method and providing examples for each case. The relevance of the study is due to the incompletion of the inventory of cases in which the colon is used; it can also serve as a source for students who have problems on this topic when writing, reading and understanding texts. The scientific novelty of the study is that a comprehensive study of different aspects of the use of the colon in Russian and Persian is carried out. The novelty is also determined by the comparison of the use of colon in Russian and Persian in view of the lack of a special comparative study in this area. It was found that the scope of colon usage in Persian is wider in comparation with Russian, and most cases of its usage match, but some differ. In addition, our article confirms the insufficient consideration of this topic in Russian language textbooks. The results of the article can be helpful to students studying at departments of Russian as a foreign language at Iranian universities, used as additional materials in classroom and by translators.
本文主要介绍俄语和波斯语中标点符号 "冒号 "的使用。其目的是确定该符号在俄语和波斯语中的确切含义和使用范围。标点符号在俄语语法中起着重要作用,有助于更容易地阅读和理解文本。而波斯语中的标点符号主要用于消除歧义,使文本阅读简单正确。文章采用比较法分析了俄语和波斯语中标点符号的使用情况,并举例说明了每种情况。这项研究的意义在于,冒号的使用情况还不够完整;它还可以为在写作、阅读和理解文本时遇到相关问题的学生提供资料。本研究的科学新颖性在于对俄语和波斯语中冒号使用的不同方面进行了全面研究。鉴于俄语和波斯语在这一领域缺乏专门的比较研究,本研究对俄语和波斯语中冒号的使用进行了比较,这也决定了本研究的新颖性。研究发现,与俄语相比,波斯语中冒号的使用范围更广,大多数情况下冒号的用法是一致的,但也有一些不同之处。此外,我们的文章还证实了俄语教科书对这一主题的考虑不足。文章的研究成果可以帮助伊朗大学俄语系的学生,也可以作为课堂教学和翻译的补充材料。
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引用次数: 0
The autonomous word as a component of a compound predicate in European languages 欧洲语言中作为复合谓词组成部分的自主词
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2024-483-1-44-52
S. Shafikov
The article is devoted to a typology of the compound predicate in a number of European languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Russian, Polish, Turkish and Bashkir), which goes a long way to building a theory of language in general and a theory of the sentence in particular. The method of our analysis is based on contrasting inductively selected verbal structures of some natural languages with a language etalon. The aim is to establish factors determining the positional and syntactic autonomy of the word. Positional autonomy is related to the word’s ability to change position in a sentence according to a certain degree of word order freedom, while syntactic autonomy suggests the ability of a word to function as an isolated one-word sentence. An ideal model characterized by absolute positional and syntactic word autonomy stands for the mentioned language etalon. It is assumed hypothetically that languages with a maximum possible free word order enjoy a marked word autonomy, unlike languages with a fixed word order being suggestive of reduced word autonomy. The hypothesis is verified on the basis of optional sampling of various types of the predicate in three temporal forms of the verb representing the category of person. The research ascertains dependence of word autonomy on agreement of grammatical form and meaning. The index of agreement determined as a ratio between the signifier and the signified in the paradigm of the verb conjugation enables to reveal the autonomy degree for each language of contrast. According to the decrement of autonomy the contrasted languages can be disposed in the following order: (Polish, Turkish, Bashkir) → (Russian) → (Italian) → (German) → (French) → (English).
这篇文章致力于对一些欧洲语言(英语、德语、法语、西班牙语、俄语、波兰语、土耳其语和巴什基尔语)中的复合谓词进行类型学研究,这对建立一般语言理论,特别是句子理论大有裨益。我们的分析方法是将一些自然语言中经过归纳选择的动词结构与语言等式进行对比。目的是确定决定词的位置和句法自主性的因素。位置自主性与词在句子中根据一定程度的词序自由改变位置的能力有关,而句法自主性则表明词作为一个孤立的单词句子的能力。以绝对的位置和句法词自主为特征的理想模式代表了上述语言等式。假定具有最大可能自由词序的语言享有明显的词自主性,而不像具有固定词序的语言那样暗示词自主性降低。这一假设是在对代表人的动词的三种时间形式中的各种谓词类型进行选择性取样的基础上验证的。研究确定了词的自主性取决于语法形式和意义的一致性。根据动词变位范式中表意者和被表意者之间的比率确定的一致指数可以揭示每种对比语言的自主程度。根据自主程度的递减,对比语言可按以下顺序排列:(波兰语、土耳其语、巴什基尔语)→(俄语)→(意大利语)→(德语)→(法语)→(英语)。
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引用次数: 0
Univerbation is a problematic way of word formation in German language 单词合成在德语中是个问题
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2024-483-1-36-43
Ravil G. Gataullin
The article analyzes derivational univerbation as one of the forms of compression functioning in word formation. Univerbation is a merging, pulling together of a free or stable word combination, a sentence or a sentence fragment into one verbal whole. The new word-forming construction in its form corresponds with one word, and in its semantics with the whole word combination. It is not uncommon for a new word to “absorb” the meaning of the context. The activity of universalization is closely connected with the need for “economical” nominations of new concepts, as well as with the need for stylistic variation of the name. This way of word formation allows creating compact, economical, concise and succinct forms of expressing thoughts without special speech efforts. The problematic character of this derivational model is that there is an extended interpretation of the essence of word formation methods.
这篇文章分析了派生单义词在组词过程中的一种压缩形式。单义化是将一个自由或稳定的词组、一个句子或一个句子片段合并为一个动词整体。新的构词法在形式上与一个词相对应,在语义上与整个词的组合相对应。新词 "吸收 "语境意义的情况并不少见。通用化活动与 "经济地 "命名新概念的需要以及名称文体变化的需要密切相关。这种组词方式可以创造出紧凑、经济、简明扼要的表达思想的形式,而不需要特别的语言努力。这种派生模式的问题在于,它对组词方法的本质进行了扩展性解释。
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引用次数: 0
Concept FAMILY actualisation in American linguoculture (case-study of the cartoon «The Simpsons») 美国语言文化中 "FAMILY "概念的现实化(动画片《辛普森一家》案例研究)
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2024-483-1-53-57
T. V. Borisenko
This article represents ways of the concept FAMILY realization in American cartoon «The Simpsons». Such concept features as having relatives, working in one household, high social status as an important element, fiscal health as an important element etc. are actualized in the serial. Discourse and conceptual methods of analysis are used.
本文介绍了美国动画片《辛普森一家》中实现 "家庭 "概念的方式。有亲戚、在一个家庭中工作、高社会地位是重要因素、财务健康是重要因素等概念特征都在这部动画片中得到了体现。本文采用了话语和概念分析方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between the Strategy of Russian Companies and Their Policies in the Field of Human Capital 俄罗斯企业战略与人力资本政策之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2023-482-12-101-107
M. Kazadayev, Nguyen K. Bui
In modern conditions of instability of the national economic system, the question of effective strategic planning and implementation of an organizational strategy covering all levels of the corporation becomes relevant. The post-pandemic period and the shock year 2022 for many Russian companies forced the top management of many corporations to respon3d flexibly to the current realities of the global market, changing previous strategies. Interesting in this regard are the factors that shape the organizational strategies of the corporations under study. The author presents an attempt to analyze the effectiveness of Russian companies from the chosen type of strategy in relation to the policy in the field of use of human capital. In particular, economically important companies using classical planned and classical process strategies are considered. Based on the study, it was revealed that there is a relationship between organizational strategy and management policy in the field of human capital; moreover, the higher it is, the more successful companies are (expressed in caring for employees). Also, as a distinctive factor shaping organizational strategies, the author identified the policy in the field of labor protection and industrial safety (which is a feature of companies with a classic process strategy).
在国家经济体系不稳定的现代条件下,有效的战略规划和实施涵盖公司各个层面的组织战略问题变得非常重要。大流行病后时期和 2022 年对许多俄罗斯公司的冲击迫使许多公司的最高管理层灵活应对当前全球市场的现实,改变以往的战略。在这方面,形成所研究企业组织战略的因素很有意思。作者试图分析俄罗斯企业在人力资本使用政策方面所选择的战略类型的有效性。其中特别考虑了采用经典计划战略和经典流程战略的重要经济公司。研究结果表明,组织战略与人力资本领域的管理政策之间存在关系;而且,关系越密切,公司就越成功(体现在对员工的关怀上)。此外,作为影响组织战略的一个独特因素,作者确定了劳动保护和工业安全领域的政策(这是采用典型流程战略的公司的一个特点)。
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引用次数: 0
The Possibilities of Using Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making in the Corporate Management System 在企业管理系统决策中使用人工智能的可能性
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2023-482-12-126-133
Alexander V. Ageev, Sergey V. Simonov, Sergey M. Kashin, Vitaliy A. Matchinov, Igor V. Cherpakov
The expansion of the use of intelligent computer systems based on artificial intelligence makes it possible to operate with a large amount of input data, generate a greater number of alternatives based on previous experience and competitive analysis, select and implement the best one for current market conditions. Such opportunities are especially in demand when solving non-standard, complex, unstructured management tasks. The result of artificial intelligence application in managerial decision-making is to increase the flexibility and efficiency of business processes, the implementation of the best complex options in a limited time and resource mode. The article is devoted to the consideration of research and successful cases related to the use of artificial intelligence technology in corporate governance. The methodological basis is represented by general scientific methods of cognition: comparative analysis, systematization, etc. As a result, based on the analysis of management practice, general requirements for the use of artificial intelligence in the decision-making process in corporate management are determined.
以人工智能为基础的智能计算机系统的使用范围不断扩大,使其能够处理大量的输入数据,根据以往的经验和竞争分析生成更多的备选方案,并根据当前的市场条件选择和实施最佳方案。在解决非标准、复杂、非结构化的管理任务时,尤其需要这样的机会。在管理决策中应用人工智能的结果是提高业务流程的灵活性和效率,在有限的时间和资源模式下实施最佳的复杂方案。本文专门探讨了与人工智能技术在公司治理中的应用有关的研究和成功案例。方法论基础以一般科学认知方法为代表:比较分析、系统化等。因此,在分析管理实践的基础上,确定了在公司管理决策过程中使用人工智能的一般要求。
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引用次数: 0
The Largest Urban Agglomerations of the Ural Federal District: Comparative Analysis 乌拉尔联邦区最大的城市群:比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2023-482-12-31-43
Valentina S. Antonyuk, D. Benz
The article is devoted to the study of urban agglomeration processes in the territory of the Ural Federal District. The purpose of the article is to assess the development of the largest urban agglomerations of the Ural Federal District. The authors included in the sample three urban agglomerations, the core of which are the capital centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Urals: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen urban agglomerations. The research methods are fundamental research methods (abstraction and generalization, systematic approach, structural and functional method, comparative analysis method, etc.), as well as technical analysis methods (classical analysis, indicator method, etc.). The authors rely on statistics provided by Rosstat, official sites of the administrations of the regions and cities under study, as well as Yandex maps. The most developed from an agglomeration point of view is the Yekaterinburg urban agglomeration, followed by the Chelyabinsk agglomeration, and, finally, the Tyumen agglomeration is in third place. In general, the analysis of urban agglomeration processes demonstrated that the latter are very unevenly developed in the territory of the Ural Federal District, which indicates an insufficient connection between the space adjacent to the border between Europe and Asia. The calculation of indicators showed a «problem field» of agglomeration processes characteristic of the Ural Federal District space: for the Yekaterinburg agglomeration there is a significant spread in the population of a large city and small settlements in terms of population, which indicates uneven resettlement; in the Chelyabinsk region — a decrease in population growth of the entire agglomeration; in the Tyumen agglomeration — a low value of the centralization coefficient of the «core» of the agglomeration, the agglomeration coefficient, the agglomeration index, the population development index. The authors made recommendations for the authorities of the macroregion aimed at strengthening the space occupying a middle position on the Eurasian continent.
文章专门研究了乌拉尔联邦区境内的城市聚集过程。文章的目的是评估乌拉尔联邦区最大城市群的发展情况。作者在样本中纳入了三个城市群,其核心是位于乌拉尔地区的俄罗斯联邦主体的首都中心:叶卡捷琳堡、车里雅宾斯克和秋明城市群。研究方法包括基础研究方法(抽象概括法、系统方法、结构功能法、比较分析法等)以及技术分析方法(经典分析法、指标法等)。作者依据的是俄罗斯国家统计局提供的统计数据、所研究地区和城市行政部门的官方网站以及 Yandex 地图。从城市群的角度来看,叶卡捷琳堡城市群最为发达,其次是车里雅宾斯克城市群,最后是秋明城市群。总体而言,对城市群进程的分析表明,城市群在乌拉尔联邦区的发展很不平衡,这表明毗邻欧亚边界的空间之间的联系不足。指标的计算显示了乌拉尔联邦区空间集聚过程的 "问题领域 "特征:在叶卡捷琳堡城市群中,大城市和小居民点的人口数量有明显的差距,这表明重新安置不均衡;在车里雅宾斯克州--整个城市群的人口增长速度下降;在秋明城市群--城市群 "核心 "的集中系数、城市群系数、城市群指数、人口发展指数值较低。作者为宏观区域当局提出了旨在加强欧亚大陆中间位置空间的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of the Environmental and Economic Orientation of the Individual for the Purpose of Sustainable Development of Territories 为实现领土的可持续发展而形成个人的环境和经济取向
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2023-482-12-44-55
A. Salamatov, A. O. Uzhegov
Public awareness of the global problems of our time that impede the harmonious development of society is reflected in the social, economic and environmental spheres. Identification of factors and assessment of their influence on the sustainable development of the region is the key to solving the problem of developing theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of an individual’s environmental and economic orientation, which presupposes the presence of relevant needs and interests, along with motives, goals and beliefs that guide a person’s behavior and activities in within the framework of ecological-economic balance. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of objective factors on the formation of environmental and economic needs and interests of a person as the basis for the environmental and economic orientation of an individual. When studying the problem of identifying and assessing the socio-ecological-economic factors of sustainable development of the region, the authors used strategic analysis, integrated methods of special theories — development modeling, and used methods of visual interpretation of research results. An assessment was made of the influence of socio-ecological-economic factors in the regions of the Ural macrozone on the formation of the environmental-economic orientation of behavior. The regions united in the macrozone demonstrate an asymmetry in the conditions of their development, in which points of regional competitiveness are formed, which have the greatest potential for the formation of an environmental-economic orientation, ensuring the adoption of management decisions within the framework of socio-ecological-economic balance. Options for the manifestation of contradictions that influence the degree of formation of an individual’s environmental-economic orientation are presented; connections between levels (strategic, operational, discretionary), objects and management tools are developed to minimize socio-ecological-economic contradictions.
公众对当代阻碍社会和谐发展的全球性问题的认识反映在社会、经济和环境领域。确定各种因素并评估其对地区可持续发展的影响,是解决为个人环境和经济取向的形成奠定理论和方法基础问题的关键,而个人环境和经济取向的形成又以相关需求和利益以及动机、目标和信念的存在为前提,这些因素和信念指导着个人在生态-经济平衡框架内的行为和活动。本研究的目的是评估客观因素对一个人的环境和经济需求和利益形成的影响,这些因素是个人环境和经济取向的基础。在研究确定和评估该地区可持续发展的社会-生态-经济因素问题时,作者使用了战略分析、特殊理论的综合方法--发展模型,并使用了对研究结果进行直观解释的方法。作者评估了乌拉尔大区各地区的社会生态经济因素对形成环境经济行为导向的影响。乌拉尔宏观区内的各地区在发展条件上表现出不对称性,在这些地区形成了地区竞争力点,这些竞争力点具有形成环境经济导向的最大潜力,确保在社会-生态-经济平衡的框架内通过管理决策。提出了影响个人环境经济取向形成程度的矛盾表现形式的各种选择;发展了各层次(战略、业务、自由裁量)、对象和管理工具之间的联系,以最大限度地减少社会-生态-经济矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-Economic Predictors of Migration Intentions: Systematic Analysis 移民意向的社会经济预测因素:系统分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2023-482-12-152-162
E. Zabelina, Ekaterina V. Nikolaeva, A.A. Ivanova, Danila Valko
Population migration to other cities and countries can significantly impact demographics and fiscal policy, subsequently leading to the weakening of the economy in sending regions. Despite numerous studies demonstrating the significant influence of social and economic factors on the formation of migration intentions, new data in this field continues to emerge, which has not yet been systematically organized. This study aims to systematize and detail the socio-economic predictors of migration intentions through a theoretical review of research, including the latest works. Based on the analyzed literature, five categories of socio-economic predictors of migration intentions were identified: demographic, economic, socio-psychological, political, and cultural. This research contributes to a more detailed understanding of socio-economic predictors of migration intentions, enabling more precise decision-making in the development of government policies aimed at managing migration flows.
向其他城市和国家的人口迁移会对人口统计和财政政策产生重大影响,进而导致迁出地区的经济疲软。尽管大量研究表明,社会和经济因素对移民意向的形成具有重大影响,但这一领域的新数据仍在不断涌现,而且尚未得到系统整理。本研究旨在通过对包括最新著作在内的相关研究进行理论回顾,对移民意向的社会经济预测因素进行系统梳理和详细分析。根据分析的文献,确定了移民意向的五类社会经济预测因素:人口、经济、社会心理、政治和文化。这项研究有助于更详细地了解移民意向的社会经济预测因素,从而在制定旨在管理移民潮的政府政策时做出更准确的决策。
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引用次数: 0
The Management Efficiency of the Enterprise: the Problem of Finding Ways to Improve and Evaluate 企业的管理效率:寻找改进和评估方法的问题
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.47475/1994-2796-2023-482-12-118-125
V. Sorokozherdyev, Maria M. Mazunina, Alexandra Y. Artyushkova
This article provides a brief overview of the reports presented at the plenary session of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Eurasian Economic Integration and Sustainable Development in the context of global transformations”, held in April 2023 in Yerevan; the main coordinator of the conference was the Krasnodar Foundation “Scientific and Educational Initiatives of Kuban”. The most significant provisions of the reports presented at the conference in the context of promoting Eurasian integration and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development in the context of global transformation are presented. Both common and controversial points have been identified in the positions of most of the authors of the reports regarding the goals and tools for intensifying integration processes and revealing the possibilities of implementing sustainable development strategies in the post-Soviet space, the formation of an updated and effective nationally oriented economic model. The largest number of productive ideas and practice-oriented recommendations on the issues discussed were expressed regarding the opportunities and prospects for strengthening the economies of Russia and Armenia. It seems that the proposals expressed in the reports and the analysis contained in them, as well as the positive experience of managing in a ­modern volatile economy demonstrated during the discussions, are of significant interest for studying, developing and possible application both conceptually and practically for those who are interested in scientific and organizational and managerial aspects of modern integration in the context of sustainable development.
本文简要介绍了2023年4月在埃里温举行的 "全球变革背景下欧亚经济一体化与可持续发展 "国际科学实践会议全体会议上提交的报告;会议的主要协调者是克拉斯诺达尔 "库班科学与教育倡议 "基金会。会议介绍了在全球转型背景下促进欧亚一体化和确保社会经济可持续发展方面的报告中最重要的条款。大多数报告的作者在加强一体化进程的目标和手段、揭示在后苏联空间实施可持续发展战略的可能性、形成最新和有效的面向全国的经济模式等方面的立场既有共同点也有争议点。就所讨论的问题提出的最有成效的想法和以实践为导向的建议涉及加强俄罗斯和亚美尼 亚经济的机遇和前景。报告中提出的建议和分析,以及讨论中展示的现代动荡经济管理的积极经验,对于那些对可持续发展背景下的现代一体化的科学、组织和管理方面感兴趣的人来说,在概念和实践方面的研究、发展和可能的应用都具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University
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