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Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products)最新文献

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Substantiation of the glycemic index as a characteristic of the carbohydrate component of food products in their quality management 在食品质量管理中,将血糖指数作为食品碳水化合物成分的特征加以证实
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2309-06
A.V. Lapin, E.D. Goryacheva, A.A. Livinskiy, N. Portnov
The role of carbohydrates in a carbohydrate diet has been evaluated. The analysis of the reference documentation regulating the indicators of quality and labeling of products has been carried out. It is stipulated that the amount of added sugars should be 10%. There are no simple methods to assess the impact of the product on human metabolism and manage the quality of the diet. It is proposed to use the glycemic index of products as such an indicator.
碳水化合物在碳水化合物饮食中的作用已经得到了评估。对规范产品质量指标和标识的参考文献进行了分析。规定添加糖的量为10%。没有简单的方法来评估产品对人体代谢的影响和管理饮食质量。建议使用产品的升糖指数作为这样的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Using the self-discharge electromagnetic generator fi eld to control the quality of potato tubers at the stages of storage 利用自放电电磁场对马铃薯块茎贮藏阶段的质量进行控制
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2309-08
L.G. Eliseeva, Yu.A. Galkin
The article discusses a method for treating tubers with an electromagnetic fi eld (EMF) generated by a self-discharge high-frequency plasma generator before storage. The infl uence of this type of EMF on the activation of the metabolic processes of biological objects, increasing their resistance to damage by microorganisms during storage and contributing to the reduction of losses, is shown.
本文讨论了用自放电高频等离子体发生器产生的电磁场对块茎进行贮存前处理的方法。这种类型的电磁场对生物物体的代谢过程的激活的影响,增加了它们在储存期间对微生物损害的抵抗力,并有助于减少损失。
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引用次数: 0
Commodity assessment of cereals modifi ed by biotechnological methods using the glycemic index in vivo and in vitro 利用体内和体外血糖指数对生物技术方法改良谷物进行商品评价
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2309-02
I.A. Timofeeva, A.A. Livinskiy, E.D. Goryacheva
The feasibility of commodity assessment of cereals modifi ed by biotechnological methods using the glycemic index was considered. The methods for determining the glycemic index in vivo and in vitro were used for making comparisons. The object of the study was a multigrain carbohydrate and protein mixture obtained by a modifi ed complex technology for processing raw materials. As a result of the research, it was found that the values of GI in vivo and GI in vitro of the carbohydrate and protein mixture do not coincide. It was shown that the determination of GI in vitro can be used as an operational method of quality control of new products in the scheme of technochemical production control. The in vivo GI determination method should be used for commodity assessment of new food products.
探讨了利用升糖指数对生物技术改良谷物进行商品评价的可行性。采用体内和体外血糖指数测定方法进行比较。本研究的对象是通过改良的复合原料加工技术得到的多粮碳水化合物和蛋白质混合物。研究结果发现,碳水化合物和蛋白质混合物的体内GI值与体外GI值不一致。结果表明,在工艺化工生产控制方案中,GI的体外测定可作为新产品质量控制的操作方法。新食品的商品评价应采用体内GI测定方法。
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引用次数: 0
Current tasks of commodity assessment and examination of nuts in modern conditions 现代条件下坚果商品评估和检验的当前任务
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2309-01
A.A. Livinskiy
In domestic and international practice, documents for nuts require visual inspection and morphological assessment for quality identifi cation. In the case of applying diff erent degrees of thermal exposure to nuts, there is no exact instrumental method, the data of which can be interpreted unambiguously during their examination and commodity assessment. Most of the analytical methods are aimed at identifying nut allergens. The analysis of scientifi c and technical information did not reveal an exact offi cial method for identifying the diff erences between fresh nuts and nuts with varying degrees of heat exposure. Currently, the introduction of an eff ective method in the examination and evaluation of nuts is an urgent task of commodity science.
在国内外实践中,对坚果的文件进行质量鉴定需要目视检查和形态学评定。在对螺母施加不同程度的热暴露的情况下,没有精确的仪器方法,其数据可以在检查和商品评估期间明确地解释。大多数分析方法的目的是鉴定坚果过敏原。对科学和技术信息的分析并没有揭示出一种准确的官方方法来识别新鲜坚果和不同程度的热暴露坚果之间的差异。目前,提出一种有效的坚果检验与评价方法是商品科学领域亟待解决的课题。
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引用次数: 0
Approach to assessing the quality and identifying the naturality of pomegranate juices 石榴汁的质量评定及天然性鉴定方法
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2309-04
M. N. Shkolnikova, E. Rozhnov
The unique chemical composition and exceptional organoleptic properties cause not only the growing demand for pomegranate juice, but also its cost, and, consequently, vulnerability to falsifi cation, especially of high quality. Therefore, the identifi cation of the authenticity of pomegranate juice has remained an important area of scientifi c research. In this case, the most reliable algorithm should be considered the one that combines the study of several indicators: anthocyanins and polyphenolic substances, the concentration of sugars, organic acids, etc. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of pomegranate juices purchased from trade organizations in order to identify juice authenticity. The experiment determined the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of pomegranate juice samples, including chromatic characteristics. It has been established that, in terms of dry matter content, only sample No. 1 meets the requirements of TR CU 023/2011; it has been shown that in samples No. 2 and 3, there are no natural anthocyanin dyes, while the presence of synthetic dyes in these samples has been established. Pomegranate juice sample No. 1 has been proven to contain all of the organic acids normally found in authentic samples of this product. Meanwhile, samples No. 2 and 3 do not contain tartaric and quinic acids, and sample No. 2 does not contain malic acid either. The conducted studies are aimed at forming a unifi ed methodological approach to assessing the quality and identifying the authenticity of pomegranate juice, which will be developed and tested in further studies.
石榴汁独特的化学成分和特殊的感官特性不仅导致对石榴汁的需求不断增长,而且其价格也越来越高,因此容易伪造,特别是高质量的石榴汁。因此,鉴别石榴汁的真伪一直是科学研究的一个重要领域。在这种情况下,最可靠的算法应该考虑结合几个指标的研究:花青素和多酚类物质,糖,有机酸等的浓度。这项工作的目的是对从贸易组织购买的石榴汁的化学成分进行全面研究,以鉴定果汁的真实性。本实验测定了石榴汁样品的感官和理化参数,包括颜色特征。可以确定,在干物质含量方面,只有1号样品符合TR CU 023/2011的要求;在2号和3号样品中,没有天然花青素染料,而在这些样品中已经确定存在合成染料。石榴汁样品1号已被证明含有所有有机酸通常发现在这个产品的正宗样品。同时,样品2和3不含酒石酸和奎宁酸,样品2也不含苹果酸。所进行的研究旨在形成一种统一的方法来评估石榴汁的质量和鉴定石榴汁的真实性,这将在进一步的研究中得到发展和检验。
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引用次数: 0
The study of the distribution of temperature fields of wheat grain along the vertical levels and horizontal layers during storage in the elevator silo 小麦在提升筒仓中纵向和横向贮藏过程中温度场分布的研究
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2308-05
К.B. Gurieva, V. V. Looze, S. Beletskiy
This article presents an analysis of the temperature fi elds caused by seasonal fluctuations in the temperature of the outside air on the surface of the walls of the silos and inside the outdoor silo located on the south side of the precast concrete elevator for the annual cycle from March 2018 to March 2019. The paper analyzes the data of grain temperature along the horizontal layers of the silo at the upper and lower levels and the distribution of temperature fields over the upper and lower levels of the silo during heating and cooling of the grain. A comparative analysis of the heating and cooling rates and the effect of temperature differences in the silo on moisture absorption processes in the grain mass during storage is carried out. During the statistical processing of the experimental data, the following trends were obtained: in the deep layers of the grain, when the grain is heated, the temperature is lower, and when the grain is cooled, the temperature is higher than in the nearwall layers. The rate of temperature change in the grain mass depends on the location of the grain at different levels and on the horizontal layer. The average cooling rates were lower than the grain heating rates, and during the annual cycle, heat accumulation in the grain mass stored in the silo is possible. The infl uence of thermal moisture conductivity on the change in the humidity regime in the silo is considered. The results for the annual cycle indicate a cyclical change in the relative humidity of the intergranular space and an increase in the relative humidity in the summer-autumn period (from May to November) above the optimal value recommended for long-term storage. To eliminate the risks of grain moisture, the need for periodic movement of grain from silo to silo during long-term storage is substantiated.
本文分析了2018年3月至2019年3月预制混凝土提升机南侧筒仓壁表面和室外筒仓内部外部空气温度季节性波动引起的温度场。本文分析了粮仓上下水平层的粮食温度数据,以及粮仓加热和冷却过程中上下层的温度场分布。对比分析了粮仓的加热和冷却速率以及仓内温差对储粮过程中粮食吸湿过程的影响。在对实验数据进行统计处理的过程中,得到了以下趋势:在晶粒的深层,当晶粒被加热时,温度较低,而当晶粒被冷却时,温度高于近壁层。晶粒质量的温度变化率取决于晶粒在不同层次和水平层的位置。平均冷却速率低于粮食升温速率,在年循环过程中,粮仓中储存的粮食有可能积累热量。考虑了热导率对仓内湿度变化的影响。年周期分析结果表明,粒间空间相对湿度呈周期性变化,夏秋季(5 ~ 11月)相对湿度高于长期贮藏推荐的最佳值。为了消除粮食受潮的风险,在长期储存过程中,需要在粮仓之间定期移动粮食。
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引用次数: 0
Enrichment of dishes with the vitamin and mineral complex "GS-3093" according to the therapeutic diet 根据治疗饮食,用维生素和矿物质复合物“GS-3093”富集菜肴
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2308-06
I.K. Vadovskiy, A. Vasyukova, I. Kusova, R. A. Edwards, Munir Talbi
The article presents the basic information about the deficient concentrations of vitamins and minerals in the existing diets of patients in medical and preventive treatment facilities. The analysis of the current therapeutic diets showed deviations in vitamins A, B1, B2, PP, and C, as well as in macro- and microelements: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, I, P, and Fe. When conducting studies of the state of the body in patients of health care facilities, a deficiency of vitamin D, B vitamins, and carotenoids, and in some categories of patients, a deficiency of antioxidant vitamins A and E, is found. This deficiency is aggravated against the background of drug therapy. In order to compensate for the deficient states of the body, it is recommended to enrich the therapeutic diet with a vitamin and mineral complex at a concentration of 50-100% of the daily norm of vitamins and minerals. The diet was enriched with GS-3093 premixes. The discrepancies between the content of the vitamin and mineral complex in the existing diet and the recommended, enriched with GS- 3093 premix, for four especially deficient minerals and the studied vitamins A and group B range from -0.59 to -675.215 mg. The defi ciency of vitamins A (37%), B2 (14%), and C (52%), minerals Ca (26%), Zn (21%), and I (65%) compared to the recommended daily intake should be noted. With a five-time meal, the calorie content of the diet according to the therapeutic diet is from 2500 to 3000 kcal and includes 1.5–2 liters of fluid per day. This will ensure compliance with the requirements for conducting evidence-based dietary nutrition for 800 patients of the health care facility of the SBHI Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky (MONIKI), who were prescribed the main variant of the standard (therapeutic) diet.
本文介绍了在医疗和预防治疗机构的病人现有饮食中维生素和矿物质浓度不足的基本信息。对当前治疗饮食的分析显示,维生素A、B1、B2、PP和C以及宏量和微量元素:Na、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、I、P和Fe存在偏差。在对医疗机构病人的身体状况进行研究时,发现缺乏维生素D、B族维生素和类胡萝卜素,在某些类别的病人中,发现缺乏抗氧化维生素a和E。在药物治疗的背景下,这种缺陷更加严重。为了弥补身体的缺乏状态,建议在治疗饮食中加入维生素和矿物质复合物,浓度为维生素和矿物质的日常标准的50-100%。饲粮中添加GS-3093预混料。对四种特别缺乏的矿物质和所研究的维生素A和B组,现有饲料中维生素和矿物质复合物的含量与推荐量(添加GS- 3093预混料)之间的差异在-0.59至-675.215毫克之间。维生素A(37%)、B2(14%)和C(52%)、矿物质Ca(26%)、Zn(21%)和I(65%)与推荐日摄入量相比缺乏,这一点值得注意。以五餐为例,根据治疗饮食,饮食的卡路里含量为2500至3000千卡,每天包括1.5-2升的液体。这将确保在俄罗斯卫生保健公司莫斯科地区临床研究所(以M.F. Vladimirsky (MONIKI)命名)的卫生保健设施为800名患者提供循证膳食营养的要求得到遵守,这些患者的处方是标准(治疗)饮食的主要变体。
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引用次数: 0
Features of terminology and modern classifi cation of milk according to various regulatory documents and for customs purposes 根据各种法规文件和海关目的,牛奶的术语和现代分类的特点
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2308-08
V. Krishtafovich, P.А. Remizova
The features of modern terminology and the classification of milk (including powdered milk), adopted in Russia in accordance with the current national and interstate standards, as well as problematic aspects of the classification of these products for customs purposes, are considered.
考虑了俄罗斯根据现行国家和州际标准采用的现代术语和牛奶(包括奶粉)分类的特点,以及这些产品为海关目的分类的问题方面。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of classifi cation of dried Chaga mushroom for customs purposes 海关对干白桦茸的分类问题
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2308-07
D. V. Krishtafovich, A.A. Saikina
The article examines the problematic aspects of the classifi cation of Chaga mushroom processing products, in particular dried Chaga mushroom, that arise for customs offi cials when conducting customs control over the reliability of the declared code according to the EAEU Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, based on an analysis of judicial practice materials. Possible ways of solving the identifi ed problematic aspects are considered.
本文在分析司法实践资料的基础上,探讨了海关官员根据《欧亚经济联盟对外经济活动商品命名法》对申报代码的可靠性进行海关监管时,对白桦茸加工产品(特别是干白桦茸)进行分类时出现的问题。考虑了解决已确定的问题方面的可能方法。
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引用次数: 0
A set of standards for maintaining the quality of pastille products 维持颗粒产品质量的一套标准
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.33920/igt-01-2308-04
I. A. Belova, N. A. Petrova
In modern conditions, some manufacturers reduce the content of fruit raw materials in marshmallows and pastilles. In order to maintain the quality of pastille products at the same level, the All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry developed GOST, which regulates the minimum content of fruit raw materials. The analytical defi nition of this indicator is based on the determination of organic acids and macronutrients by capillary electrophoresis and the subsequent calculation of the mass fraction of fruit raw materials.
在现代条件下,一些制造商减少了棉花糖和颗粒中水果原料的含量。为了将颗粒产品的质量保持在同一水平,全俄糖果工业研究所制定了GOST,规定了水果原料的最低含量。该指标的分析定义是基于毛细管电泳对有机酸和常量营养素的测定,以及随后对水果原料质量分数的计算。
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引用次数: 0
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Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products)
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