Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871215
G. W. Reade, C. Kerr, B. D. Barker, F. Walsh
SummaryAn overview is presented of factors affecting the porosity of EN deposits and considers three aspects: (a) the type of ferrous material (e.g. ‘Pyrene’ steel panels, machined steel, cast iron), (b) the nature and degree of surface roughness (produced e.g. by abrasive papers, grit blasting or chemical cleaning) and (c) the type of chemical pretreatment applied to the steel. A range of different substrate types (grit blasted, ground, milled and cold rolled) have been electroless nickel plated to three different thicknesses and tested for porosity. The nature of the type of pretreatment and its effect on deposit porosity has also been investigated. Talysurf measurements have shown that the surface morphology does not change significantly with deposit thicknesses up to 24 μm.Data obtained from microscopy, profilometric, electrochemical and corrosion rate measurements are used to illustrate the importance of these factors in controlling the degree of porosity in the EN deposit and the rate of corrosion o...
{"title":"The Importance of Substrate Surface Condition in Controlling the Porosity of Electroless Nickel Deposits","authors":"G. W. Reade, C. Kerr, B. D. Barker, F. Walsh","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871215","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryAn overview is presented of factors affecting the porosity of EN deposits and considers three aspects: (a) the type of ferrous material (e.g. ‘Pyrene’ steel panels, machined steel, cast iron), (b) the nature and degree of surface roughness (produced e.g. by abrasive papers, grit blasting or chemical cleaning) and (c) the type of chemical pretreatment applied to the steel. A range of different substrate types (grit blasted, ground, milled and cold rolled) have been electroless nickel plated to three different thicknesses and tested for porosity. The nature of the type of pretreatment and its effect on deposit porosity has also been investigated. Talysurf measurements have shown that the surface morphology does not change significantly with deposit thicknesses up to 24 μm.Data obtained from microscopy, profilometric, electrochemical and corrosion rate measurements are used to illustrate the importance of these factors in controlling the degree of porosity in the EN deposit and the rate of corrosion o...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871186
Han Keping, Fang Jingli
SummaryInfluences of the solution components and operating conditions on the chemical polishing of stainless steel were studied quantitatively with reflective and gravimetrical methods. An optimum polishing technology for stainless steel was obtained, giving a near mirror bright surface.
{"title":"Study on Chemical Polishing for Stainless Steel","authors":"Han Keping, Fang Jingli","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871186","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryInfluences of the solution components and operating conditions on the chemical polishing of stainless steel were studied quantitatively with reflective and gravimetrical methods. An optimum polishing technology for stainless steel was obtained, giving a near mirror bright surface.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58740388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871205
E. F. Shtapenko, V. A. Zabludovsky
The results of studying structure, texture, phase composition and properties of cobalt films obtained by pulsed current are presented. A mechanism of formation of the film structure by pulsed current is proposed. The influence of isothermal annealing on the structure of cobalt films has been revealed.
{"title":"Structure and properties of cobalt films obtained by pulsed current","authors":"E. F. Shtapenko, V. A. Zabludovsky","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871205","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studying structure, texture, phase composition and properties of cobalt films obtained by pulsed current are presented. A mechanism of formation of the film structure by pulsed current is proposed. The influence of isothermal annealing on the structure of cobalt films has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58740775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871208
A. Hannani, E. Kermiche
An austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) has been surface implanted with nitrogen at room temperature. Ion implantation is an effective surface modification to improve the corrosion performance of metal materials. Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), the electrochemical parameters which characterised the stability of passive films were calculated from the simple data of the response curves. The experimental results indicated that the stability of passive films and the pitting resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel are improved by nitrogen ion implantation.
{"title":"The Electrochemical Behaviour of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Following Surface Modification by Ion Implantation","authors":"A. Hannani, E. Kermiche","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871208","url":null,"abstract":"An austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) has been surface implanted with nitrogen at room temperature. Ion implantation is an effective surface modification to improve the corrosion performance of metal materials. Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), the electrochemical parameters which characterised the stability of passive films were calculated from the simple data of the response curves. The experimental results indicated that the stability of passive films and the pitting resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel are improved by nitrogen ion implantation.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58740909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871194
A. Hozumi, H. Sekoguchi, N. Sugimoto, O. Takai
SummaryTransparent water-repellent films containing fluoro-alkyl functions were prepared on polycarbonate, glass and Si substrates by rf plasma-enhanced CVD. The vapours of the fluoro-alkyl silanes were used as raw materials. The substrate temperature during deposition was around 50°C. The films obtained had good water repellency. The maximum contact angle for a water drop was 107 degrees. The contact angles obtained depended on the number of—(CF2)—in FAS molecules. FTIR and XPS were used to investigate the film properties. The existence of the fluoro-alkyl functions CP3—,—CF2—and >CF—was confirmed at the film surfaces. The transmittance of the PC substrate was improved by the coating. These films also have a function as anti-reflective coatings.
{"title":"Transparent Water-repellent Films Containing Fluoro-alkyl Functions by RF Plasma-enhanced CVD","authors":"A. Hozumi, H. Sekoguchi, N. Sugimoto, O. Takai","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871194","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryTransparent water-repellent films containing fluoro-alkyl functions were prepared on polycarbonate, glass and Si substrates by rf plasma-enhanced CVD. The vapours of the fluoro-alkyl silanes were used as raw materials. The substrate temperature during deposition was around 50°C. The films obtained had good water repellency. The maximum contact angle for a water drop was 107 degrees. The contact angles obtained depended on the number of—(CF2)—in FAS molecules. FTIR and XPS were used to investigate the film properties. The existence of the fluoro-alkyl functions CP3—,—CF2—and >CF—was confirmed at the film surfaces. The transmittance of the PC substrate was improved by the coating. These films also have a function as anti-reflective coatings.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58740994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871200
A. Averill, J. Ingram, P. Nolan
Until recently, the manufacturing and finishing industries have placed heavy reliance on the use of pure methyl chloroform or chlorofluorocarbon solvents to achieve acceptable levels of cleaning or precleaning of metal components. Much effort has been devoted since the signing of the Montreal Protocol to finding replacement cleaning agents for these and other banned or controlled substances and it is now clear that a variety of different cleaning processes must be developed. In the long term it is likely that the vast majority of industrial cleaning will be carried out in aqueous solutions making it necessary to investigate the special problems involved in cleaning difficult components. A review, which summarises the issues and current problems being encountered in the search for replacement cleaning processes, is presented. Also considered are the relevant techniques and experimental procedures which can be used to investigate surface cleanliness and related phenomena.
{"title":"Cleaning metal components after the Montreal Protocol : Introductory review","authors":"A. Averill, J. Ingram, P. Nolan","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871200","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, the manufacturing and finishing industries have placed heavy reliance on the use of pure methyl chloroform or chlorofluorocarbon solvents to achieve acceptable levels of cleaning or precleaning of metal components. Much effort has been devoted since the signing of the Montreal Protocol to finding replacement cleaning agents for these and other banned or controlled substances and it is now clear that a variety of different cleaning processes must be developed. In the long term it is likely that the vast majority of industrial cleaning will be carried out in aqueous solutions making it necessary to investigate the special problems involved in cleaning difficult components. A review, which summarises the issues and current problems being encountered in the search for replacement cleaning processes, is presented. Also considered are the relevant techniques and experimental procedures which can be used to investigate surface cleanliness and related phenomena.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871219
F. Sertçelik, A. Cakir, M. Ürgen, D. H. Ross, D. Gabe
6063 aluminium alloys were AC anodized in molybdate containing and molybdate free sulphuric acid solutions. The total impedance of the oxides produced in molybdate containing solutions decreased faster in 0.01 N HCl and after 8 days, following the dissolution of oxide film in 0.01 N HCl, the pits produced on the aluminium substrate surfaces were shallower and larger.
在含钼酸盐和无钼酸盐硫酸溶液中对6063铝合金进行了交流阳极氧化。在含钼酸盐溶液中生成的氧化物的总阻抗在0.01 N HCl中下降得更快，在0.01 N HCl中氧化膜溶解8天后，铝基表面产生的凹坑更浅、更大。
{"title":"The effect of molybdate ions on A.C. sulphuric acid anodized 6063 aluminium alloys","authors":"F. Sertçelik, A. Cakir, M. Ürgen, D. H. Ross, D. Gabe","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871219","url":null,"abstract":"6063 aluminium alloys were AC anodized in molybdate containing and molybdate free sulphuric acid solutions. The total impedance of the oxides produced in molybdate containing solutions decreased faster in 0.01 N HCl and after 8 days, following the dissolution of oxide film in 0.01 N HCl, the pits produced on the aluminium substrate surfaces were shallower and larger.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871207
A. Stephen, M. Ilango, T. Nagarajan, M. Ananth
SummaryNi-Mn alloys were electrodeposited on stainless steel substrates from simple sulphate baths with ammonium sulphate as the additive. The influence of Ni/Mn metal ratio (in the bath) on micros...
{"title":"Microstructure of Electrodeposited Ni-Mn Coatings","authors":"A. Stephen, M. Ilango, T. Nagarajan, M. Ananth","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871207","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryNi-Mn alloys were electrodeposited on stainless steel substrates from simple sulphate baths with ammonium sulphate as the additive. The influence of Ni/Mn metal ratio (in the bath) on micros...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58740847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871214
H. Paritong, I. Wadsworth, L. Donohue, W. Münz
SummaryNiobium is well known for its chemical stability and excellent corrosion resistance which is based on the formation of a stable oxide layer of Nb205 in aqueous media It therefore finds wide application in areas where chemical stability is important, such as in chemical engineering equipment. Disadvantages of Nb are its high material costs and the fact that it is not possible to deposit Nb by the rather economic technique of aqueous electrodeposition. However, other deposition techniques such as physical vapour deposition may be used to produce niobium coatings. Due to its high melting point, sputtering is the preferred PV D deposition technology.Improved corrosion resistance approaching that of bulk Nb was found for lμm thick Nb coatings on 304 stainless steel substrates The corrosion performance very much depends on the method of ion etching prior to deposition. Microstructure, texture and microhardness as well are strongly influenced by the type of ion etching pre-treatment and by the temperature...
{"title":"Corrosion Resistant Nb Coatings Grown by Combined Steered Arc/Unbalanced Magnetron Deposition","authors":"H. Paritong, I. Wadsworth, L. Donohue, W. Münz","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871214","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryNiobium is well known for its chemical stability and excellent corrosion resistance which is based on the formation of a stable oxide layer of Nb205 in aqueous media It therefore finds wide application in areas where chemical stability is important, such as in chemical engineering equipment. Disadvantages of Nb are its high material costs and the fact that it is not possible to deposit Nb by the rather economic technique of aqueous electrodeposition. However, other deposition techniques such as physical vapour deposition may be used to produce niobium coatings. Due to its high melting point, sputtering is the preferred PV D deposition technology.Improved corrosion resistance approaching that of bulk Nb was found for lμm thick Nb coatings on 304 stainless steel substrates The corrosion performance very much depends on the method of ion etching prior to deposition. Microstructure, texture and microhardness as well are strongly influenced by the type of ion etching pre-treatment and by the temperature...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1998.11871221
J. Jensen, G. Critchlow, D. Gabe
The electrodeposition of zinc-iron alloys from a chloride-based electrolyte has been studied using electrochemical polarisation techniques, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA) and Computer Assisted Pulse Plating (CA PP). A change in the electrodeposition mechanism from equilibrium codeposition to anomalous codeposition with a change in cathodic current density has been observed. Zn-Fe alloys with compositions ranging from less than 5 wt-% to more than 75 wt-% Fe have been electrodeposited from a single electrolyte, making this system ideal for production of compositional modulated alloy (CMA) electrodeposits. Chloride content, pH and agitation of the electrolyte have been observed to have a strong influence on the reaction at the cathode surface, just as the use of pulse reversal current during electrodeposition. A theory on the electrodeposition mechanism, accounting for the above observations, is presented.
{"title":"A Study on Zinc-Iron Alloy Electrodeposition from a Chloride Electrolyte","authors":"J. Jensen, G. Critchlow, D. Gabe","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1998.11871221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871221","url":null,"abstract":"The electrodeposition of zinc-iron alloys from a chloride-based electrolyte has been studied using electrochemical polarisation techniques, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA) and Computer Assisted Pulse Plating (CA PP). A change in the electrodeposition mechanism from equilibrium codeposition to anomalous codeposition with a change in cathodic current density has been observed. Zn-Fe alloys with compositions ranging from less than 5 wt-% to more than 75 wt-% Fe have been electrodeposited from a single electrolyte, making this system ideal for production of compositional modulated alloy (CMA) electrodeposits. Chloride content, pH and agitation of the electrolyte have been observed to have a strong influence on the reaction at the cathode surface, just as the use of pulse reversal current during electrodeposition. A theory on the electrodeposition mechanism, accounting for the above observations, is presented.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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