Virology最新文献_第6页

Erratum to “Impact of baseline humoral immunity on treatment outcomes with molnupiravir in the MOVe-OUT randomized, controlled trial” [Virology 613 (2026) 110710] 在MOVe-OUT随机对照试验中，基线体液免疫对molnupiravir治疗结果的影响[病毒学613(2026)110710]。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110737

Matthew G. Johnson, Julie M. Strizki, David W. Hilbert, Ying Zhang, Patricia Carmelitano, Michelle L. Brown, Dominik J. Wolf, Amanda Paschke, Carisa S. De Anda

引用次数: 0

Between- and within-host mutation of dengue virus 登革病毒的宿主间和宿主内突变

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110750

Sachith Maduranga , Braulio Mark Valencia , Chathurani Sigera , Praveen Weeratunga , Deepika Fernando , Senaka Rajapakse , Melissa Rapadas , Ira W. Deveson , Andrew R. Lloyd , Rowena Bull , Chaturaka Rodrigo

RNA viruses exhibit high mutation rates, leading to multiple haplotypes (also referred to as quasi-species) within infected hosts and have been described in both acute (e.g. Influenza, DENV) and chronic (e.g. HIV, HCV) infections. This study characterises the mutation hotspots in DENV genomes at both consensus and haplotype levels.

Near full-length DENV genomes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) from Sri Lankan dengue patients recruited between 2017 and 2020. Consensus sequences were made with Minimap-2, and haplotypes were reconstructed with Nano-Q, a tool designed for estimation of RNA virus haplotypes and their relative abundance. The genomic variability of DENV genomes was assessed using Shannon Entropy (SE). Codons undergoing diversifying selection were identified with three phylogenetics-based algorithms (FEL, MEME, FUBAR) implemented within the Datamonkey suite. Hotspots were defined as the high entropy codons that were also subject to diversifying selection.

From 150 samples tested, both consensus and haplotype sequences were characterised in 90 samples (DENV1: 8, DENV2: 51, DENV3: 31). At the consensus level, the NS2A gene had the greatest number of sites with higher Shannon entropy when adjusted for gene length across all serotypes, while at the haplotype level the NS1 gene had the same. Overall, the haplotypes sequences revealed more sites with high mutability and codons under diversifying selection than those visible at consensus level. This provides proof-in-principle that in acute RNA viruses also have high mutability in haplotypes, which may be inapparent with a consensus-level analysis.

RNA病毒表现出高突变率，在受感染宿主内导致多个单倍型（也称为准物种），并且在急性（例如流感，DENV）和慢性（例如艾滋病毒，HCV）感染中都有描述。本研究在共识和单倍型水平上描述了DENV基因组的突变热点。使用牛津纳米孔技术（ONT）对2017年至2020年招募的斯里兰卡登革热患者的近全长DENV基因组进行测序。用Minimap-2建立一致序列，并用Nano-Q （RNA病毒单倍型及其相对丰度估计工具）重建单倍型。利用香农熵（Shannon Entropy， SE）评估DENV基因组的基因组变异性。在Datamonkey套件中，通过三种基于系统发育的算法（FEL， MEME， FUBAR）确定了正在进行多样化选择的密码子。热点被定义为同样受到多样化选择影响的高熵密码子。从测试的150个样本中，90个样本（DENV1: 8, DENV2: 51, DENV3: 31）中都有一致性和单倍型序列。在共识水平上，当调整基因长度时，NS2A基因在所有血清型中具有较高Shannon熵的位点数量最多，而在单倍型水平上，NS1基因具有相同的位点数量。总体而言，单倍型序列在多样化选择下显示的高易变性位点和密码子比共识水平下显示的多。这提供了原则上的证据，即在急性RNA病毒中，单倍型也具有高易变性，这可能在共识水平的分析中不明显。

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引用次数: 0

Contemporary United States PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C.5 isolate causes severe disease comparable to historic highly pathogenic PRRSV 当代美国PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C。5分离株可引起与历史上高致病性PRRSV相当的严重疾病。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110748

Jayne E. Wiarda , Bailey Arruda , Tavis K. Anderson , Sarah J. Anderson , Hanjun Kim , Tyron Chang , Lauren Tidgren Hanson , Eraldo L. Zanella , Samantha J. Hau , Meghan Wymore Brand , Jianqiang Zhang , Alexandra C. Buckley

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major economic and animal health burden on the United States swine industry due to morbidity- and mortality-associated losses affecting all stages of pig production. Currently, a large proportion of losses are attributed to a highly virulent PRRSV strain, referred to here as L1C.5. A field-relevant contemporary L1C.5 isolate was characterized in pigs to assess disease kinetics in comparison to a moderately virulent PRRSV strain that emerged in the United States in the early 2000s (MN184), and a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain that devastated Asian swine industries beginning in 2006 (JXwn06). Weaned pigs were inoculated with PRRSV JXwn06, L1C.5, MN184, or mock inoculum and necropsied at 2, 6, and 10 days post-inoculation or as needed due to severe disease. Clinical metrics, viral loads, cytokine concentrations, antibody concentrations, and pathology were compared between groups to assess pathogenicity. JXwn06 and L1C.5 animals developed more severe disease that diverged from MN184 and mock animals. Disease dynamics were also highly similar between JXwn06 and L1C.5 groups. Results demonstrate that despite unique genetics, geographical origins, and dates of emergence, a contemporary United States-endemic PRRSV (L1C.5) can cause severe disease comparable to a HP-PRRSV (JXwn06) that devastated the Asian swine industry nearly two decades ago. Identifying the common features that contribute to increased virulence of diverse HP-PRRSV strains will be essential for tailoring better PRRSV control methods, especially for contemporary PRRSV strains that pose imminent threats to swine health in North America.

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是美国养猪业的主要经济和动物健康负担，因为它会影响生猪生产的各个阶段，造成与发病率和死亡率相关的损失。目前，很大一部分死亡是由一种高毒力的PRRSV毒株造成的，这里称为L1C.5。一个与现场相关的当代L1C。5分离株在猪身上进行了特征鉴定，以评估疾病动力学，并与21世纪初在美国出现的中等致病性PRRSV毒株（MN184）和2006年开始摧毁亚洲养猪业的高致病性PRRSV （HP-PRRSV）毒株（JXwn06）进行了比较。断奶仔猪分别接种PRRSV JXwn06、L1C。5、MN184或模拟接种，并在接种后2、6和10天或因严重疾病而需要进行尸检。临床指标、病毒载量、细胞因子浓度、抗体浓度和病理在两组之间进行比较，以评估致病性。JXwn06和L1C。5只动物出现了与MN184和模拟动物分化的更严重的疾病。JXwn06和L1C之间的疾病动力学也高度相似。5组。结果表明，尽管具有独特的遗传、地理起源和出现日期，当代美国地方性PRRSV （lc1 .5）可引起与近20年前摧毁亚洲养猪业的HP-PRRSV （JXwn06）相当的严重疾病。确定导致不同HP-PRRSV毒株毒力增加的共同特征对于制定更好的PRRSV控制方法至关重要，特别是对于对北美猪健康构成迫在眉睫威胁的当代PRRSV毒株。

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引用次数: 0

Network-based integration of hsa-miR-150-5p reveals key regulatory roles in HIV-HCV coinfection and HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma 基于网络的hsa-miR-150-5p整合揭示了在HIV-HCV合并感染和hcv相关肝细胞癌中的关键调节作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110747

Madhuri Chandane-Tak , N.S. Suneesh , Soumik Mukherjee , Abdul Arif Khan , Anupam Mukherjee

HIV-HCV coinfection markedly accelerates liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the molecular regulators driving this progression remain elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) orchestrate host-virus interactions, but their roles in coinfection are poorly defined. Here, we applied an integrative multi-omics strategy to profile plasma miRNAs from cohorts of HIV, HCV, HIV-HCV coinfection, and healthy controls, followed by TaqMan qRT-PCR validation. Cross-referencing with HCV-HCC transcriptomes (GSE6764, GSE14323, GSE62232) and experimentally confirmed targets from miRTarBase enabled high-confidence network mapping. Among dysregulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-141-3p emerged with striking HCV-specific expression patterns, absent in HIV monoinfection. hsa-miR-150-5p was strongly upregulated, with targets significantly repressed in HCV-HCC. Enrichment analysis revealed its regulatory footprint across chromosome dynamics, mitotic control, and oncogenic signalling (Notch, HIF-1, JAK-STAT, p53). Protein-protein interaction expansion identified 202 first-degree interactors, with KRAS, BAP1, and HMGB1 as high-centrality hubs linking miR-150-5p to core oncogenic and immune pathways. KEGG analysis of the extended network revealed dominant impacts on organismal systems, environmental signalling, and genetic information processing, all of which are pivotal to liver tumorigenesis. In contrast, hsa-miR-141-3p showed limited integration and minimal pathway association. These findings suggest that hsa-miR-150-5p is a key regulator in HCV-associated liver disease, with upregulation observed in both HCV and HIV-HCV coinfection groups, potentially influencing transcriptional and network-level regulation. This systems-level framework highlights miR-150-5p as a potential biomarker for HCV and HIV-HCV associated liver pathology, providing a basis for future studies toward precision interventions in viral coinfection-mediated oncogenesis.

HIV-HCV合并感染显著加速肝纤维化和肝细胞癌（HCC），然而驱动这一进展的分子调节因子仍然难以捉摸。MicroRNAs （miRNAs）协调宿主与病毒的相互作用，但它们在共同感染中的作用尚不明确。在这里，我们应用了一种整合的多组学策略来分析来自HIV、HCV、HIV-HCV合并感染和健康对照的血浆mirna，然后进行TaqMan qRT-PCR验证。与HCV-HCC转录组（GSE6764, GSE14323, GSE62232）和miRTarBase实验确认的靶点交叉对照，实现了高可信度的网络映射。在失调的mirna中，hsa-miR-150-5p和hsa-miR-141-3p出现了惊人的hcv特异性表达模式，在HIV单感染中不存在。hsa-miR-150-5p在HCV-HCC中被强烈上调，靶点被显著抑制。富集分析揭示了其在染色体动力学、有丝分裂控制和致癌信号传导（Notch、HIF-1、JAK-STAT、p53）中的调控足迹。蛋白-蛋白相互作用扩增鉴定出202个一级相互作用物，其中KRAS、BAP1和HMGB1是连接miR-150-5p与核心致癌和免疫途径的高中心枢纽。对扩展网络的KEGG分析揭示了对生物体系统、环境信号和遗传信息处理的主要影响，所有这些都是肝肿瘤发生的关键。相比之下，hsa-miR-141-3p表现出有限的整合和最小的途径关联。这些发现表明，hsa-miR-150-5p是HCV相关肝脏疾病的关键调节因子，在HCV和HIV-HCV合并感染组中均观察到上调，可能影响转录和网络水平的调节。该系统级框架强调了miR-150-5p作为HCV和HIV-HCV相关肝脏病理的潜在生物标志物，为未来研究病毒合并感染介导的肿瘤发生的精确干预提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated approach for sustainable management and control of Kyasanur forest disease in alignment with sustainable development goals 根据可持续发展目标，采取可持续管理和控制Kyasanur森林病害的综合办法

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110749

Sourav Chattaraj , Mousumi Ganguly , Manasi Chattaraj , Debasis Mitra , Riyan Kaibarta , Arindam Ganguly

Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus that is endemic to India, primarily affecting rural communities in forested regions. The virus is transmitted through the bite of infected Haemaphysalis spinigera ticks, leading to a severe febrile illness characterized by symptoms that can range from mild to life-threatening. In approximately 20 % of cases, patients exhibit biphasic symptoms, which can progress to serious complications, including encephalitis and hemorrhagic manifestations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical presentation of Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), examining its geographical distribution and the risk factors associated with transmission. It highlights the complex interplay between environmental factors, tick ecology, and human behavior that contributes to the spread of the disease. Additionally, the review underscores the urgent need for further research focused on understanding the biphasic nature of KFD, which remains poorly characterized. It also calls for the development of cost-effective diagnostic tools as well as the creation of new vaccines to protect at-risk populations. Developing a rapid diagnostic kit for KFD, coupled with a mobile app for data collection and analysis, can streamline surveillance efforts, enabling real-time monitoring of outbreaks and facilitating timely public health responses in affected regions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of KFD is crucial for enhancing disease management strategies and implementing effective prevention measures to reduce the incidence and impact of this significant public health threat. This is the first comprehensive study to establish the alignment of KFDV research with SDGs. The study aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 15 (Life on Land), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), by addressing KFDV through improved diagnostics, vaccination, ecological understanding, technological innovation, and collaborative public health strategies.

喀萨努尔森林病病毒（KFDV）是印度特有的一种高致病性蜱传黄病毒，主要影响森林地区的农村社区。该病毒通过受感染的刺血蜱叮咬传播，导致严重的发热性疾病，其症状可以从轻微到危及生命。在大约20%的病例中，患者表现为两期症状，可发展为严重并发症，包括脑炎和出血性症状。本综述旨在全面分析Kyasanur森林病（KFD）的临床表现，检查其地理分布和与传播相关的危险因素。它强调了环境因素、蜱虫生态和人类行为之间复杂的相互作用，这些因素有助于疾病的传播。此外，该综述强调迫切需要进一步研究，以了解KFD的双相性质，这仍然是缺乏特征的。它还呼吁开发具有成本效益的诊断工具以及研制新疫苗以保护高危人群。为KFD开发一套快速诊断工具包，再加上用于数据收集和分析的移动应用程序，可以简化监测工作，实现对疫情的实时监测，并促进受影响地区及时采取公共卫生应对措施。最终，深入了解KFD对于加强疾病管理策略和实施有效的预防措施以减少这一重大公共卫生威胁的发病率和影响至关重要。这是第一个将KFDV研究与可持续发展目标相结合的综合研究。该研究与多个可持续发展目标（SDG）保持一致，包括可持续发展目标3（良好健康和福祉）、可持续发展目标13（气候行动）、可持续发展目标15（陆地上的生命）、可持续发展目标9（工业、创新和基础设施）和可持续发展目标17（目标伙伴关系），通过改进诊断、疫苗接种、生态理解、技术创新和协作公共卫生战略来解决KFDV问题。

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引用次数: 0

PRRSV interaction with the adaptive immune system of host: an update review PRRSV与宿主适应性免疫系统的相互作用：最新综述

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110745

Yifei Li , Wenhuan Chen , Qifan Wu , Jiayi Tang , Min Chen , Hongcui Liang , Xue Liang , Yize Zhang , Kunpeng Liu

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a highly variable RNA virus, causes a significant threat to the global swine industry. PRRSV suppresses both innate and adaptive immune responses in the host. While only the regulation of innate immunity by PRRSV has been summarized. This article systematically reviews the regulatory roles of PRRSV on the host's adaptive immune system, and summarizes its impact on the behavior of T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells (NK cells). PRRSV evades antiviral immunity through multiple mechanisms, including down-regulating antigen-presenting molecules such as major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) -I/II, inducing immunosuppressive microenvironments such as up-regulating interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), and interfering with the generation of neutralizing antibodies, thereby weakening the host's antiviral immune response and leading to persistent viral infection. Furthermore, this article explores novel immunology-based control strategies, such as the screening of broadly neutralizing antibodies, multi-epitope vaccine design, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy, and vaccines aimed at enhancing T-cell immunity. By targeting conserved antigenic epitopes or engineering immune cells, these approaches seek to overcome the limitations of conventional vaccines, offering new directions for PRRSV prevention and control.

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是一种高度可变的RNA病毒，对全球养猪业造成重大威胁。PRRSV抑制宿主的先天和适应性免疫反应。而目前只对PRRSV对先天免疫的调控进行了总结。本文系统综述了PRRSV对宿主适应性免疫系统的调控作用，并总结了其对T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）行为的影响。PRRSV通过多种机制逃避抗病毒免疫，包括下调抗原呈递分子如主要组织相容性复合体类(MHC) -I/II，诱导免疫抑制微环境如上调白细胞介素-10 （IL-10）和程序性死亡配体1 (PD-L1)，干扰中和抗体的产生，从而削弱宿主的抗病毒免疫应答，导致病毒持续感染。此外，本文还探讨了新的基于免疫的控制策略，如广泛中和抗体的筛选，多表位疫苗的设计，嵌合抗原受体T （CAR-T）细胞治疗，以及旨在增强T细胞免疫的疫苗。通过靶向保守的抗原表位或工程免疫细胞，这些方法试图克服传统疫苗的局限性，为PRRSV的预防和控制提供新的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Structural and immunogenic characteristics of goose parvovirus virus-like particles 鹅细小病毒样颗粒的结构和免疫原性特征。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110727

Junyi Li , Qi Yang , Zhibo Yang , Yangnan Huyan , Yi Xiong , Miao Sun , Yueping Zhang , Xinzheng Zhang , Geng Meng

Goose parvovirus (GPV) is a highly lethal infectious pathogen primarily affecting goslings under one month old, with infection resulting in nearly 100 % mortality. However, no recombinant vaccine has been proven effective in preventing GPV infection. This study aims to structurally characterize GPV virus-like particles (VLPs) produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and three-dimensional reconstruction, to explore potential binding receptors, and to preliminarily verify the immunogenicity of GPV VLPs. The results show that GPV VLPs produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have the correct conformation and structural assembly, share structural features common to the Parvoviridae family and exhibits significant sequence and structural similarity to adeno-associated virus (AAV). The results of ELISA demonstrated that GPV doesn't bind to sialic acid (SIA), heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and homolog of AAV receptor (AAVR) in vitro. Additionally, our animal trials demonstrate that GPV VLPs produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can trigger effective protection for geese from GPV infection. This study investigates the structural and immunological characteristics of GPV VLPs, presenting an innovative approach for the development of efficacious and cost-effective genetically engineered vaccines.

鹅细小病毒（GPV）是一种高度致命的传染性病原体，主要影响一个月以下的雏鹅，感染导致近100%的死亡率。然而，没有任何重组疫苗被证明能有效预防GPV感染。本研究旨在利用低温电子显微镜（Cryo-EM）和三维重建技术对酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）生产的GPV病毒样颗粒（VLPs）进行结构表征，探索潜在的结合受体，初步验证GPV病毒样颗粒的免疫原性。结果表明，产自酿酒酵母的GPV VLPs具有正确的构象和结构组装，具有细小病毒科的结构特征，与腺相关病毒（adeno-associated virus， AAV）具有显著的序列和结构相似性。ELISA结果表明，GPV在体外不与唾液酸（SIA）、硫酸肝素蛋白多糖（HSPG）及AAV受体（AAVR）同源物结合。此外，我们的动物试验表明，由酿酒酵母生产的GPV VLPs可以有效地保护鹅免受GPV感染。本研究探讨了GPV VLPs的结构和免疫学特性，为开发有效且具有成本效益的基因工程疫苗提供了一种创新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Biological characteristics and genomic study of two Vibrio alginolyticus phages 两种溶藻弧菌噬菌体的生物学特性及基因组学研究。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110744

Yue Zhang , Yongqi Luo , Chang Liu , Guangfeng Liu , Liling Jiang , Xing Wang , Mengyao Li , Hongsai Zhang , Xiaofang Lai , Jingzhe Jiang

Vibrio alginolyticus, as a significant pathogen causing highly virulent bacterial diseases in the culture of Babylonia areolata, poses a great challenge to the environment and public health due to the emergence of its drug-resistant strains. In this study, two phages, vB_VapS_BA4 and vB_VapS_BA30, were isolated and identified using V. alginolyticus as the host bacterium. Using techniques such as electron microscopy, biological tests, and genomic analysis, we identified their classification, lytic features, and environmental stability. The results show that phage vB_VapS_BA4 belongs to the genus Vasivirus within the family Inoviridae, with a circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. This phage has a latent period ranging from 0 to 20 min and a burst size up to 523.38 PFU/cell, indicating strong antibacterial activity. vB_VapS_BA30 is identified as a new member of the class Caudoviricetes, containing a circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome with unique genomic features. It has a latent period of less than 10 min and a burst size of 32.97 PFU/cell. Both phages can withstand pH levels from 2 to 12 and temperatures between 4 and 65 °C, showing high environmental adaptability. Additionally, genomic analysis revealed no antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors, suggesting a safe profile. This study offers a theoretical basis and practical insights for developing innovative phage-based control methods that could reduce antibiotic use, lower the risk of resistance, and support sustainable progress in aquaculture.

溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyticus）是乳霜巴比伦菌（Babylonia areolata）培养中引起高毒力细菌性疾病的重要病原体，其耐药菌株的出现对环境和公共卫生构成了巨大挑战。本研究以溶藻弧菌为宿主菌，分离鉴定了两个噬菌体vB_VapS_BA4和vB_VapS_BA30。利用电子显微镜、生物测试和基因组分析等技术，我们确定了它们的分类、裂解特征和环境稳定性。结果表明，噬菌体vB_VapS_BA4属于牛痘病毒科vasi病毒属，具有环状单链DNA （ssDNA）基因组。该噬菌体潜伏期为0 ~ 20 min，爆发大小为523.38 PFU/细胞，具有较强的抗菌活性。vB_VapS_BA30被鉴定为Caudoviricetes纲的新成员，包含一个具有独特基因组特征的环状双链DNA （dsDNA）基因组。潜伏期小于10 min，爆发大小为32.97 PFU/细胞。这两种噬菌体都能承受2 - 12的pH值和4 - 65℃的温度，表现出很高的环境适应性。此外，基因组分析未发现抗生素耐药基因或毒力因子，表明其安全性。该研究为开发基于噬菌体的创新控制方法提供了理论基础和实践见解，这些方法可以减少抗生素的使用，降低耐药性风险，并支持水产养殖的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic characterization of an Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate from the cotton leafworm, Alabama argillacea with cross-species infectivity potential for pest management 一株具有跨种感染潜力的棉花叶虫多核多角体病毒的基因组分析。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110740

Alini de Almeida , Hugo de Paula Oliveira , Ricardo Pires dos Reis , Miguel de Souza Andrade , Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira , Bergmann Morais Ribeiro , Daniel R. Sosa-Gómez , Daniel M.P. Ardisson-Araújo

The cotton leafworm Alabama argillacea is an important pest of cotton in South America, traditionally controlled using chemical insecticides, which reinforces the demand for environmentally safe alternatives. Baculoviruses are widely used in microbial pest control due to their efficacy and biosafety, with Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) being the most successful viral biocontrol agent applied in large-scale agriculture. Here, we report the first genomic and biological characterization of a baculovirus originally isolated from A. argillacea in the 1980s and designated AlarNPV-94. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed typical alphabaculovirus morphology, with polyhedral occlusion bodies and multiple nucleocapsids per virion. The genome consists of 129,743 bp of circular dsDNA encoding 155 predicted ORFs and five homologous regions, sharing >96.9 % nucleotide identity and strict collinearity with AgMNPV isolates. Phylogenetic inference grouped AlarNPV-94 with Uruguayan isolates AgMNPV-30 and AgMNPV-38, supporting its classification within Alphabaculovirus anagmemmatalis. Comparative genomics revealed structural variation in pe38 and he65, non-coding RNAs (tRNA, miRNA candidates), and signatures of diversifying selection in auxiliary and core infection genes, including pif-1, suggesting adaptive processes shaping host interactions. Bioassays demonstrated that AlarNPV-94 is significantly more potent against A. gemmatalis than naturally occurring AgMNPV field isolates (AgMNPV-113 and AgMNPV-114), requiring lower doses to achieve comparable mortality. Survival analysis indicated enhanced lethality in viral mixtures at sublethal concentrations, revealing additive-like or interaction-dependent effects. Together, these findings establish AlarNPV-94 as a genetically distinct but conspecific AgMNPV isolate with superior virulence and promising potential for integrated pest management in soybean and cotton agroecosystems.

在南美，棉花叶虫阿拉巴马argillacea是一种重要的棉花害虫，传统上使用化学杀虫剂进行控制，这加强了对环境安全替代品的需求。杆状病毒因其高效性和生物安全性而被广泛应用于微生物害虫防治中，其中抗毛虫多核多角体病毒（AgMNPV）是目前在大规模农业中应用最成功的病毒生物防治剂。在这里，我们首次报道了一种杆状病毒的基因组学和生物学特性，该病毒最初是在20世纪80年代从瓢虫中分离出来的，命名为AlarNPV-94。超微结构分析证实了典型的甲型杆状病毒形态，具有多面体闭塞体和每个病毒粒子具有多个核衣壳。该基因组由129,743 bp的环状dsDNA组成，编码155个预测orf和5个同源区域，与AgMNPV分离株具有> 96.9%的核苷酸同源性和严格的共线性。系统发育推断将AlarNPV-94与乌拉圭分离株AgMNPV-30和AgMNPV-38归为一类，支持其在厌足甲型杆状病毒中的分类。比较基因组学揭示了pe38和he65、非编码rna （tRNA、miRNA候选基因）的结构变化，以及辅助和核心感染基因（包括pif-1）多样化选择的特征，表明适应性过程塑造了宿主相互作用。生物测定表明，与自然产生的AgMNPV田间分离株（AgMNPV-113和AgMNPV-114）相比，AlarNPV-94对芽孢单胞菌的作用明显更强，需要更低剂量才能达到相当的死亡率。生存分析表明，在亚致死浓度的病毒混合物中，毒性增强，揭示了类似添加剂或相互作用的作用。综上所述，这些发现表明AlarNPV-94是一种遗传上独特但同种的AgMNPV分离物，具有优越的毒力，在大豆和棉花农业生态系统中具有良好的病虫害综合治理潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress in NSP2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP2的研究进展

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110743

Fang Liang , Jiaman Li , Xiaolin Lan , Yaqiong Ye , Gan Li , Feng Li , Chen Lv , Kexin Liu , Zhiyu Yang , Ruyu Sun , Yajie Zheng , Lin Wang , Huawei Li , Ruining Wang , Keshan Zhang , Mengmeng Zhao

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Nonstructural Protein 2 (NSP2), a multifunctional protein encoded by a highly variable gene, plays pivotal roles in viral pathogenesis. This review synthesizes current progress on NSP2 genetic variations, including mutations, deletions, and interstrain recombination—with emphasis on its hypervariable regions. NSP2 interactions with viral proteins and its truncated isoform (NSP2TF) are analyzed in the context of viral assembly and budding. Concurrently, NSP2 binds host proteins to manipulate host pathways, thereby facilitating viral replication, autophagy, tropism, and immune evasion through interferon suppression and cytokine modulation. The potential of NSP2 as a marker vaccine candidate and diagnostic target is evaluated, demonstrating its applicability in developing novel PRRSV NSP2 control strategies. This comprehensive analysis advances the understanding of PRRSV pathogenesis and provides a foundation for future vaccine development.

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）非结构蛋白2 （NSP2）是一种由高度可变基因编码的多功能蛋白，在病毒的发病机制中起着关键作用。本文综述了NSP2基因变异的最新研究进展，包括突变、缺失和株间重组，重点关注其高变区。在病毒组装和出芽的背景下，分析了NSP2与病毒蛋白及其截断异构体（NSP2TF）的相互作用。同时，NSP2结合宿主蛋白操纵宿主途径，从而通过干扰素抑制和细胞因子调节促进病毒复制、自噬、趋向性和免疫逃避。评估了NSP2作为标记疫苗候选和诊断靶点的潜力，证明了其在制定新的PRRSV NSP2控制策略中的适用性。这一综合分析促进了对PRRSV发病机制的认识，为今后的疫苗开发奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0