Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.20959/WJPR20219-21032
Andrew P. Smith, G. Christopher, D. Sutherland
Background: Research on the behavioural effects of caffeine is well documented and reviewed. One area rarely covered in the reviews is the effects of caffeine on the acceptability of novel drinks. Findings from such studies have been used to support the view that caffeine deprivation, and its reversal by the ingestion of caffeine, is a major mechanism underlying behavioural changes associated with caffeine. Methods: The present study continued this research on the repeated pairing of novel flavours with caffeine or placebo in groups differing in level of regular caffeine consumption (non-consumers, low consumers, and high consumers). Three groups of volunteers were recruited: non-consumers of caffeine (N=23); low consumers ( 300mg/day; N=33). After abstaining from caffeine overnight, the volunteers visited the laboratory at 09.00 and consumed a fruit juice with either caffeine (100 mg) or placebo. The caffeine manipulation was double-blind. Participants rated the pleasantness of the drink after their initial taste and after they had consumed it. Two hours later, they returned to the laboratory and repeated the procedure with a fruit tea being consumed, again with or without caffeine. The procedure was repeated for five consecutive days. Results: The analysis of the fruit juice data showed that drink acceptability increased over days and decreased when caffeine was added to the drink. There were no interactions with consumer status. Similar results were found for the ratings of the fruit tea. In addition, those who had caffeine in the fruit juice rated the fruit tea as more acceptable. Again, there were no interactions with consumer status. Conclusion: These results do not confirm the previous finding that caffeine-deprived participants develop a dislike for novel drinks not paired with caffeine, nor that caffeine increases the liking of a novel drink consumed by caffeine-deprived individuals. Rather the results suggest that the taste of caffeine reduces the acceptability of the current drink and leads to an increased liking of a subsequent drink due to the contrast with the previous one.
{"title":"Effect of caffeine on the acceptability of novel flavoured drinks.","authors":"Andrew P. Smith, G. Christopher, D. Sutherland","doi":"10.20959/WJPR20219-21032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR20219-21032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research on the behavioural effects of caffeine is well documented and reviewed. One area rarely covered in the reviews is the effects of caffeine on the acceptability of novel drinks. Findings from such studies have been used to support the view that caffeine deprivation, and its reversal by the ingestion of caffeine, is a major mechanism underlying behavioural changes associated with caffeine. Methods: The present study continued this research on the repeated pairing of novel flavours with caffeine or placebo in groups differing in level of regular caffeine consumption (non-consumers, low consumers, and high consumers). Three groups of volunteers were recruited: non-consumers of caffeine (N=23); low consumers ( 300mg/day; N=33). After abstaining from caffeine overnight, the volunteers visited the laboratory at 09.00 and consumed a fruit juice with either caffeine (100 mg) or placebo. The caffeine manipulation was double-blind. Participants rated the pleasantness of the drink after their initial taste and after they had consumed it. Two hours later, they returned to the laboratory and repeated the procedure with a fruit tea being consumed, again with or without caffeine. The procedure was repeated for five consecutive days. Results: The analysis of the fruit juice data showed that drink acceptability increased over days and decreased when caffeine was added to the drink. There were no interactions with consumer status. Similar results were found for the ratings of the fruit tea. In addition, those who had caffeine in the fruit juice rated the fruit tea as more acceptable. Again, there were no interactions with consumer status. Conclusion: These results do not confirm the previous finding that caffeine-deprived participants develop a dislike for novel drinks not paired with caffeine, nor that caffeine increases the liking of a novel drink consumed by caffeine-deprived individuals. Rather the results suggest that the taste of caffeine reduces the acceptability of the current drink and leads to an increased liking of a subsequent drink due to the contrast with the previous one.","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82813017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9561
S. Chauhan
The oral route of drug administration is the most important method of administering drug for systematic effect. The present study was undertaken to prolong the release of orally administer. Captopril in the floating tablets by using different grade of HPMC. Formulation were optimized using different viscosity grades of HPMC. Lactose and citric acid and also natural polymers chitosan and carbopole. were used in different concentration as a channeling and chelating agent to obtain best optimized formulation and designed to prolong the gastric residence time (GRT). KEYWORD: gastroretentive floating drung delivery system, Gastric retention time, HPMC, Lactose, Carbopole, Chitosan.
{"title":"A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLET OF CAPTOPRIL USING NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER WITH COMPARISION OF POLYMER EFFICACY","authors":"S. Chauhan","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9561","url":null,"abstract":"The oral route of drug administration is the most important method of administering drug for systematic effect. The present study was undertaken to prolong the release of orally administer. Captopril in the floating tablets by using different grade of HPMC. Formulation were optimized using different viscosity grades of HPMC. Lactose and citric acid and also natural polymers chitosan and carbopole. were used in different concentration as a channeling and chelating agent to obtain best optimized formulation and designed to prolong the gastric residence time (GRT). KEYWORD: gastroretentive floating drung delivery system, Gastric retention time, HPMC, Lactose, Carbopole, Chitosan.","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73098022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9508
K. Rakesh
{"title":"EFFICACY OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE VITEX NEGUNDO EXTRACT ON PAIN CONTROL BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL MODEL HAFFNER’S TAIL CLIP","authors":"K. Rakesh","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78045443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9557
V. Arya
The function of Mamsa dhatu (muscle tissue) is plastering or lepana (binding). Muscles are like a gelatinous covering and serve to cover and give strength to basic bodily frame. They give capacity to work and action. When Mamsa dhatu (muscle tissue) is deficient one lacks cohesion and integration of body structure. When it is in sufficient quantity, courage, confidence and strength, along with the capacity for openness, forgiveness and happiness comes. The term Mamsa itself comes from the root „mam‟ meaning to hold firm. It was found that the strength of muscles became weak and atrophied in many diseases, for example, as seen in Pakshaghata (Post Stroke Hemiplegia) which is a Vata disorder. A stroke patient may have problems with the simplest of daily activities, such as walking, dressing, eating, and using the bathroom. Muscles nevertheless, play a key role in some movement and knowledge of this is of considerable importance in the diagnosis of muscle paralysisan essential element in determining the presence, site, and degree of injury to nerves. Human body has also been considered as most vulnerable because Acharya Charaka had stated “Leaving everything else, one should maintain the body, because everything available in the world is due to this body, if it got destroyed nothing can be achieved from this world.” In the body, the practice of Yogic Asanas promotes positive health to prevent debilitating disorders. In the present study, Asanas are practiced by the hemiplegic patients and healthy volunteers and after follow ups muscle strength is measured. For clinical study total 120 cases were registered. 120 cases were divided into two groups of 60 cases each. Out of 120 cases 60 cases from OPD of Neurology, S.S. Hospital, BHU and 60 cases from Department of Rachana Sharir IMS, BHU. Patients of group A were randomly selected World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 11, 763-785. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author Dr. Vaishali Arya JR 3 rd , Department of Rachana Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU. Article Received on 01 August 2017, Revised on 22 August 2017, Accepted on 12 Sep. 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201711-9557
{"title":"A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ASANAS ON MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS OF POST STROKE HEMIPLEGIA (PAKSHAGHATA)","authors":"V. Arya","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9557","url":null,"abstract":"The function of Mamsa dhatu (muscle tissue) is plastering or lepana (binding). Muscles are like a gelatinous covering and serve to cover and give strength to basic bodily frame. They give capacity to work and action. When Mamsa dhatu (muscle tissue) is deficient one lacks cohesion and integration of body structure. When it is in sufficient quantity, courage, confidence and strength, along with the capacity for openness, forgiveness and happiness comes. The term Mamsa itself comes from the root „mam‟ meaning to hold firm. It was found that the strength of muscles became weak and atrophied in many diseases, for example, as seen in Pakshaghata (Post Stroke Hemiplegia) which is a Vata disorder. A stroke patient may have problems with the simplest of daily activities, such as walking, dressing, eating, and using the bathroom. Muscles nevertheless, play a key role in some movement and knowledge of this is of considerable importance in the diagnosis of muscle paralysisan essential element in determining the presence, site, and degree of injury to nerves. Human body has also been considered as most vulnerable because Acharya Charaka had stated “Leaving everything else, one should maintain the body, because everything available in the world is due to this body, if it got destroyed nothing can be achieved from this world.” In the body, the practice of Yogic Asanas promotes positive health to prevent debilitating disorders. In the present study, Asanas are practiced by the hemiplegic patients and healthy volunteers and after follow ups muscle strength is measured. For clinical study total 120 cases were registered. 120 cases were divided into two groups of 60 cases each. Out of 120 cases 60 cases from OPD of Neurology, S.S. Hospital, BHU and 60 cases from Department of Rachana Sharir IMS, BHU. Patients of group A were randomly selected World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 11, 763-785. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author Dr. Vaishali Arya JR 3 rd , Department of Rachana Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU. Article Received on 01 August 2017, Revised on 22 August 2017, Accepted on 12 Sep. 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201711-9557","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77846167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9583
S. Bahuguna
{"title":"A REVIEW ON TREATMENT OF RENAL ANEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEMODIALYSIS","authors":"S. Bahuguna","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76708942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9582
G. Subramanian
{"title":"STUDIES ON PHARMACEUTICAL AND COMMERCIAL SIGNIFICANCE AMINO ACIDS FROM MARINE GREEN ALGAL SPECIES OF CAULERPACEAE","authors":"G. Subramanian","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76555497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9628
S. Kumar
The aim of the present study was to identify the antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Scindapsus aureus leaves. The extract was examined for DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity and for phenol and flavonoid content. Scindapsus aureus is plant belonging to family Araceae. To give a scientific basis for usage of this plant, the leaf extract were appreciated for its antioxidant activity. In the present study we estimate the qualitative analysis and the phytochemical compounds such as steroids, carbohydrates, triterpenoids, coumarins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, nthroquinones, Proteins and lipids were screened in leaves of Scindapsus aureus. Quantitative analysis of phenols, flavonoids and Triterpenoids was further performed. Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaves were by methanolic extracts which identified 11 major functional groups, amongst them flavonoid, phytosterols, saponins and coumarins. Additionally inorganic elements like iron, chloride and sulphate were identified by total ash analysis. The extract showed a dose dependent radical scavenging effect in DPPH assay. IC50 for free radicals achieved by the extract is 144.72 μg/ml. The extract showed significant reducing power activity as compared to ascorbic acid and proportionally increased with the increasing concentration of the extract. Increase in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 11, 942-955. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author
{"title":"STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TEST FOR INORGANIC ELEMENTS, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS, TOTAL PHENOL, TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF SCINDAPSUS AUREUS LEAVES.","authors":"S. Kumar","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9628","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to identify the antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Scindapsus aureus leaves. The extract was examined for DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity and for phenol and flavonoid content. Scindapsus aureus is plant belonging to family Araceae. To give a scientific basis for usage of this plant, the leaf extract were appreciated for its antioxidant activity. In the present study we estimate the qualitative analysis and the phytochemical compounds such as steroids, carbohydrates, triterpenoids, coumarins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, nthroquinones, Proteins and lipids were screened in leaves of Scindapsus aureus. Quantitative analysis of phenols, flavonoids and Triterpenoids was further performed. Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaves were by methanolic extracts which identified 11 major functional groups, amongst them flavonoid, phytosterols, saponins and coumarins. Additionally inorganic elements like iron, chloride and sulphate were identified by total ash analysis. The extract showed a dose dependent radical scavenging effect in DPPH assay. IC50 for free radicals achieved by the extract is 144.72 μg/ml. The extract showed significant reducing power activity as compared to ascorbic acid and proportionally increased with the increasing concentration of the extract. Increase in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 11, 942-955. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87270919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201711-9627
G. Madhubabu
{"title":"EVALUATION OF CLINICAL EFFICACY OF GANDHAKAKALPA IN VICHARCHIKA","authors":"G. Madhubabu","doi":"10.20959/wjpr201711-9627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr201711-9627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73051471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/WJPR201711-9429
K. Murugan
{"title":"HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM IN VITRO CULTURES OF BRIDELIA RETUSA (L.) SPRENG. IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS","authors":"K. Murugan","doi":"10.20959/WJPR201711-9429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/WJPR201711-9429","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84111199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201711-9658
Rajveer Gupta
Apart from economic advancements and the ability to trade worldwide, the world has come along way in science and more specifically medicine, economic development has led to a high rate of lifestyle changes comes a crop of Diseases. These Diseases have been dubbed lifestyle Diseases or Diseases of civilization or Diseases of longevity. The changes in lifestyle and dietary choices greatly increases the risk for non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type ॥ diabetes, Hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep-apnea, osteo-arthritis and some type of cancer. Almost to third deaths were because of NCDs. A healthy lifestyle promotes building and maintaining healthy bones, muscles and joints as well as help in controlling weight. It increases self esteem reduces stress and promotes social well being. Ayurveda has great potential In preventing lifestyle Disorders.
{"title":"DESEASE’S OF CIVILIZATION AND PREVENTION BY AYURVEDA","authors":"Rajveer Gupta","doi":"10.20959/wjpr201711-9658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr201711-9658","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from economic advancements and the ability to trade worldwide, the world has come along way in science and more specifically medicine, economic development has led to a high rate of lifestyle changes comes a crop of Diseases. These Diseases have been dubbed lifestyle Diseases or Diseases of civilization or Diseases of longevity. The changes in lifestyle and dietary choices greatly increases the risk for non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type ॥ diabetes, Hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep-apnea, osteo-arthritis and some type of cancer. Almost to third deaths were because of NCDs. A healthy lifestyle promotes building and maintaining healthy bones, muscles and joints as well as help in controlling weight. It increases self esteem reduces stress and promotes social well being. Ayurveda has great potential In preventing lifestyle Disorders.","PeriodicalId":23796,"journal":{"name":"World journal of pharmaceutical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78827878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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