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Innovative Construction Mobile Air Conditioner 创新建筑移动空调
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-232-237
Tamaz Isakadze, Givi Gugulashvili
Mobile air conditioner is a portable device that is used to cool the air in rooms where it is not possible to install an air conditioner. It can be used in apartments, offices, hotel rooms, camps and other places. The basic principle of operation of mobile air conditioner is to take air from the air-conditioned room through the built-in fan, then the air passes through the filters and is cooled or heated in the built-in evaporator. The processed air is supplied back to the room through a flexible duct. One of the main advantages of mobile air conditioner is its portability. It can be easily moved from one room to another, and such air conditioner can also be taken to any address. Mobile air conditioner does not require complex installation and can be connected to a regular mains electricity supply. In addition, some mobile air conditioners may have a heating function during the cold season. However, mobile air conditioner has some disadvantages. It is usually not as efficient as air conditioner that requires installation (such as split type air conditioners), especially, in large rooms. It can also be noisy and take huge space in a room. It consumes more energy than built-in air conditioners, which can lead to higher electricity bills.
移动空调是一种便携式设备,用于为无法安装空调的房间降温。它可用于公寓、办公室、酒店客房、营地和其他场所。移动空调的基本工作原理是通过内置风扇从空调房间内抽取空气,然后空气通过过滤器,在内置蒸发器中冷却或加热。处理后的空气通过柔性管道送回室内。移动空调的主要优点之一是便于携带。它可以很容易地从一个房间移动到另一个房间,这种空调也可以带到任何地方。移动空调不需要复杂的安装,可以连接到普通的主电源上。此外,有些移动空调在寒冷季节还具有加热功能。不过,移动空调也有一些缺点。它的效率通常不如需要安装的空调(如分体式空调),尤其是在大房间里。它还会产生噪音,占用房间很大的空间。它比嵌入式空调消耗更多能源,因此电费可能会更高。
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引用次数: 0
Modern Approaches to Banking Regulation in the Conditions of Digital Technologies 数字技术条件下的现代银行监管方法
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-42-49
Goga Gelitashvili, G. Abutidze, Medea Chelidze
The development of digital technologies has a great impact on traditional channels for providing banking services. The speed of introduction of innovative products and services, technological changes require great flexibility from banking regulators. Also, the active participation of the government in the development of digital technologies is one of the main factors of successful digitalization. In modern conditions, in order to ensure the development of innovation in the banking sector, new mechanisms and instruments for regulating innovative financial technologies, products and services are being created. The article specifies that the effective, safe operation and development of the digital financial space requires coordinated actions from all its participants, as well as the establishment of requirements for the assessment and monitoring of potential risks caused by innovations, timely improvement and refinement of regulatory requirements. This allows to maintain the stability of the financial system and protect the rights of consumers, and to promote the development and introduction of innovative financial products and services.
数字技术的发展对提供银行服务的传统渠道产生了巨大影响。创新产品和服务的推出速度以及技术变革要求银行监管机构具有极大的灵活性。此外,政府积极参与数字技术的发展也是数字化成功的主要因素之一。在现代条件下,为了确保银行业的创新发展,监管创新金融技术、产品和服务的新机制和新工具正在形成。文章明确指出,数字金融空间的有效、安全运行和发展需要所有参与者的协调行动,还需要制定评估和监测创新带来的潜在风险的要求,及时改进和完善监管要求。这样才能维护金融体系的稳定,保护消费者的权利,促进创新金融产品和服务的开发和引进。
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引用次数: 0
Zero Energy Buildings and Features of Their Arrangement 零能耗建筑及其布局特点
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-214-223
Alex Kopaliani, Mamuli Drdzelishvili, Vakhtang Nebieridze
Zero energy buildings belong to the class of low energy consumption buildings, and in them the cost of thermal energy for heating and ventilation systems is reduced to a minimum (almost zero) compared to buildings under construction today. The primary energy expenditure for heating and ventilation, electric and hot water supply of these buildings does not exceed 120 kWh/m2 per year. The said energy is produced on site at the expense of renewable energy, which eliminates the need for fossil heating, including natural gas, in these buildings. The amount of CO2 emitted from these buildings into the environment is zero. Such buildings significantly reduce energy consumption in heating and ventilation systems, that is, they reduce harmful emissions to the environment, which are caused by the burning of fossil fuels in the corresponding heat generators. Zero energy buildings, or zero buildings, as they are often called, are widely implemented in many countries of the world, and their implementation in Georgia is an important issue for the development of the country, which is provided by the law of Georgia on energy efficiency. The use of the materials presented in the article will contribute to the saving of heating and energy resources in the country in such an energy-intensive direction as construction.
零能耗建筑属于低能耗建筑,与目前在建的建筑相比,零能耗建筑中供暖和通风系统的热能成本降至最低(几乎为零)。这些建筑每年用于供暖、通风、供电和热水供应的主要能源消耗不超过 120 千瓦时/平方米。上述能源是在现场利用可再生能源生产的,因此这些建筑无需使用化石供暖,包括天然气。这些建筑向环境排放的二氧化碳量为零。这些建筑大大降低了供暖和通风系统的能耗,也就是减少了因相应的热发电机燃烧化石燃料而对环境造成的有害排放。零能耗建筑,或通常所说的零建筑,在世界许多国家都得到了广泛实施,在格鲁吉亚实施零能耗建筑也是国家发展的一个重要问题,这也是格鲁吉亚能效法所规定的。文章中介绍的材料的使用将有助于格鲁吉亚在建筑这种能源密集型领域节约供热和能源资源。
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引用次数: 0
For Flood Forecasting Issues 洪水预报问题
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-265-272
E. Kechkhoshvili, Irina Khutsishvili
. Global climate change has caused sharp increasing of natural calamities, including floods. In the course of recent period, over the entire world, every year there are occurring tens of cases of disastrous floods and waterflows characterized by damages worth of several millions and human losses. The issue of forecasting waterflows and floods, in general, is discussed in the article. There are given basic differentiating features-characteristics existing between spring floods and rain-caused waterflows. The methodology of forecasting related decision-making based on the Statistical Fuzzy Analysis is developed at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, which methodology can be used for flood forecasting. The methodology consists of two stages. At the first stage one and the same prognostic event is assessed using three methods, which allow to make independent forecast. At the second stage, according to the mentioned forecast, the final decision is made. The factors suggested for application of this methodology for flood forecasting are directly related to the climatic parameters of the territory and the state of a river bed and lower terrace. The basic goal of the methodology suggested for flood forecasting is timely reporting on an anticipated disaster.
.全球气候变化导致包括洪水在内的自然灾害急剧增加。近来,全世界每年都会发生数十起灾难性洪水和水流,造成数百万人死亡和财产损失。文章从总体上讨论了水流和洪水的预报问题。文章给出了春季洪水和雨水造成的水流之间存在的基本区别特征。第比利斯国立大学伊万-贾瓦希什维利(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University)根据统计模糊分析法制定了相关决策预报方法,该方法可用于洪水预报。该方法包括两个阶段。在第一阶段,使用三种方法对同一预报事件进行评估,从而进行独立预报。在第二阶段,根据上述预测做出最终决定。建议应用该方法进行洪水预报的因素与当地的气候参数以及河床和下游阶地的状况直接相关。所建议的洪水预报方法的基本目标是及时报告预期灾害。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership Style in Managing the Organization 管理组织的领导风格
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-94-100
Natia Kiladze
The leader has an important role in managing the organization. Since a strong leader forms the cornerstone of a cohesive and effective team, it is critical to analyze the leader's role in the organization's performance. It is a good leader’s job to determine the right strategy and to take successful steps together with the team. The progress of the organization is very often related to the role of the leader, his management style, however, it is clear that behind the one there is always a team that flashes out the visions of the leader and reflects all this in the achieved results. It is fascinating to examine leadership styles based on a survey of commercial and public sector organizations because leaders with their individual management styles are mostly responsible for creating organizational culture and a desirable work environment. The research helped to identify leadership styles the participants belong to. The topic is relevant because it is interesting to research what kind of leadership styles exist in Georgian organizations. Organizations often have several departments and several team leaders. This requires leaders to consider different management styles. Therefore, knowing more about organizational leadership can improve the performance of the organization. Leadership management styles can be very different, but they always have a significant impact on the culture of the organization. Understanding the different leadership styles and understanding when to use which style is a prerequisite for improving the company's culture.
领导者在组织管理中发挥着重要作用。由于一个强有力的领导者是一个有凝聚力和高效团队的基石,因此分析领导者在组织绩效中的作用至关重要。优秀领导者的职责是确定正确的战略,并与团队一起采取成功的措施。组织的进步往往与领导者的作用、管理风格有关,但很显然,在领导者的背后,总有一个团队在闪烁着领导者的愿景,并在取得的成果中反映出这一切。在对商业和公共部门组织进行调查的基础上研究领导风格是很有吸引力的,因为领导者的个人管理风格主要负责创造组织文化和理想的工作环境。这项研究有助于确定参与者所属的领导风格。该课题具有现实意义,因为研究格鲁吉亚组织中存在何种领导风格是一件很有意义的事。组织通常有多个部门和多个团队领导。这就要求领导者考虑不同的管理风格。因此,更多地了解组织领导可以提高组织的绩效。领导的管理风格可以千差万别,但它们总是对组织文化产生重大影响。了解不同的领导风格,并知道何时使用哪种风格,是改善公司文化的先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
Functional System of Auditing Companies and Modern Management Technologies 审计公司的职能系统和现代管理技术
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-56-62
Giorgi Sulashvili, Malkhaz Sulashvili, Darejan Pochkhidze
The functional system of audit companies can be presented as a unity of those processes, procedures, human resources, infrastructure and devices (including hardware and software) intended to ensure the functioning of audit companies. Issues related to the functional systems of auditing companies are insufficiently covered in the special scientific literature. Thus, the effectiveness of functional systems and the challenges they face remain understudied. The research aims to identify the general framework of the functional system of audit companies and audit procedures in accordance with international audit standards. The auditor obtains reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or other error. According to the research findings, the functional system of the companies is established in the form of certain provisions and modern management technologies, the use of which improves the quality of the audit and enables the identification of opportunities for the use of automation and analytics.
审计公司的职能系统可视为旨在确保审计公司运作的流程、程序、人力资源、基础设施和设备(包括硬件和软件)的统一体。与审计公司职能系统有关的问题在专门的科学文献中涉及不足。因此,功能系统的有效性及其面临的挑战仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在根据国际审计准则确定审计公司职能系统的总体框架和审计程序。审计师对财务报表整体是否不存在因欺诈或其他错误导致的重大错报获取合理保证。根据研究结果,公司职能系统是以某些规定和现代管理技术的形式建立的,使用这些规定和技术可以提高审计质量,并能发现使用自动化和分析技术的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Children's Welfare Program – One of the Indicators of Social Effectiveness of State Management 儿童福利计划--国家管理社会效益的指标之一
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-279-285
Khatia Terterashvili
For the last decade, various reforms in the direction of child protection and well-being have been intensively carried out in Georgia. Despite the fact that the current policy has definitely improved the legal status of children in Georgia, there are still a number of challenges in ensuring children's well-being. The Codex of Children's Rights ratified by the Parliament of Georgia is analyzed highlighting both its positive achievements and challenges. Additionally, the children's welfare program is explored as a pivotal benchmark for assessing the efficacy of governmental social management. Furthermore, the comprehensive metric for assessing the well-being of children – The Child Material and Social Deprivation Index – is discussed. This index signifies the presence of both material and social deficiencies in a child's life, indicating family's insufficient financial means to fulfill the child's fundamental needs for growth and development, encompassing essentials such as nourishment, clothing, age-appropriate literature, toys, and recreational activities. This approach facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of child well-being compared to solely focusing on monetary poverty. It encompasses not only access to fundamental necessities but also factors essential for the child's holistic bio-psychosocial development.
在过去十年中,格鲁吉亚在儿童保护和福利方面进行了大量改革。尽管现行政策确实改善了格鲁吉亚儿童的法律地位,但在确保儿童福祉方面仍存在一些挑战。本文对格鲁吉亚议会批准的《儿童权利法典》进行了分析,强调了其积极成就和挑战。此外,还探讨了儿童福利计划,将其作为评估政府社会管理效率的关键基准。此外,还讨论了评估儿童福祉的综合指标--儿童物质和社会匮乏指数。该指数表示儿童生活中存在物质和社会两方面的不足,表明家庭经济能力不足以满足儿童成长和发展的基本需求,包括营养、衣物、适龄读物、玩具和娱乐活动等必需品。与只关注金钱贫困相比,这种方法有助于更全面地了解儿童的福祉。它不仅包括获得基本必需品,还包括对儿童的整体生物-心理-社会发展至关重要的因素。
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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of the Synthesis of Traditional and Digital Marketing Methods on the Example of a Georgian Business Company 以格鲁吉亚一家商业公司为例,说明传统营销方法与数字营销方法相结合的效果
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-83-93
Vladimir Tsimakuridze
Models of traditional and digital marketing methods and tools are discussed individually and in terms of their synthesis. The performance indicators of each direction and their compliance with marketing goals are analyzed. It is important to note that only traditional or only digital marketing methodologies and tools, taken separately, cannot be assigned a decisive role in solving marketing problems. Therefore, when determining a marketing strategy, it is necessary to find the best and most effective methods and approaches, both from the point of view of the individual use of these methods and from the point of view of their synthesis. The goal of the article is to identify and establish types of models that will be applicable, highly effective and successful in the context of modern challenges, to solve any marketing problem. In general, the cases of individual use and synthesis of traditional and digital marketing tools and methods are examined, using the example and obtained results of one of the Georgian construction companies.
对传统和数字营销方法和工具的模式进行了单独讨论,并对其进行了综合分析。分析了每个方向的绩效指标及其与营销目标的一致性。值得注意的是,仅将传统营销方法和工具或仅将数字营销方法和工具分开来看,都无法在解决营销问题方面发挥决定性作用。因此,在确定营销战略时,无论是从单独使用这些方法的角度,还是从综合使用这些方法的角度,都必须找到最佳和最有效的方法和途径。本文的目标是确定和建立在现代挑战背景下适用、高效和成功的模型类型,以解决任何营销问题。总体而言,文章以格鲁吉亚一家建筑公司为例,对传统和数字营销工具和方法的单独使用和综合应用进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Organizational Analysis as an Element of Construction Company Management Perfection 组织分析是完善建筑公司管理的一个要素
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-36-41
Anzor Abralava, Paata Gogeshvili
. Aspects of the analysis of the organization state, which allow determining the level of management quality and directions for its improvement, are discussed in the paper. These aspects include generally accepted approaches (organizational performance analysis, organizational structure analysis, management compliance analysis with existing standards) and new approaches proposed by the author (analysis of management pathology, analysis of inversion level, organizational immunodeficiency, organization strength). The complexity and multidimensionality of the analysis makes it possible to improve construction management for the formation of key management competencies.
.本文讨论了组织状态分析的各个方面,这些分析有助于确定管理质量水平和改进方向。这些方面包括普遍接受的方法(组织绩效分析、组织结构分析、管理符合现有标准分析)和作者提出的新方法(管理病理分析、倒置水平分析、组织免疫缺陷、组织强度)。分析的复杂性和多维性使得提高施工管理以形成关键管理能力成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Electric Vehicle Development Trends in the World and in Georgia 世界和格鲁吉亚的电动汽车发展趋势
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-224-231
Zurab Bogvelishvili
The intensive growth of the global vehicle fleet and environmental pollution caused by harmful emissions from vehicles have become one of the global environmental problems. In addition to that, oil prices are continuing to rise. A radical way to solve the problems of environmental safety and fuel efficiency of cars is to use electric current as an energy source in a car. The complete replacement of the internal combustion engine with an electric motor – in electric cars or a combination of the two – in hybrid cars completely eliminates or significantly reduces fuel consumption and harmful emissions. Electric cars are replacing cars with internal combustion engines from all dynamically developing world markets. Replacing cars with internal combustion engines with electric ones is especially important for Georgia, where almost 100% of natural gas and oil products are imported and road transport accounts for the largest share of environmental pollution, especially in cities. The country has the potential to create significant additional energy capacity for electric vehicles. Georgia aims to become a regional leader in clean energy consumption – a “green” country and ensure compatibility with the European Union's carbon neutrality goal by 2050, in which electric vehicles play an important role.
全球汽车保有量的急剧增长和汽车有害排放物造成的环境污染已成为全球环境问题之一。除此之外,石油价格也在持续上涨。要从根本上解决汽车的环境安全和燃油效率问题,就要在汽车中使用电流作为能源。在电动汽车中,用电动机完全取代内燃机,在混合动力汽车中,用电动机完全取代内燃机,可以完全消除或大大减少燃料消耗和有害气体排放。电动汽车正在全球所有蓬勃发展的市场上取代内燃机汽车。用电动汽车取代内燃机汽车对格鲁吉亚尤为重要,因为该国几乎 100%的天然气和石油产品都依赖进口,公路运输在环境污染中占最大份额,尤其是在城市。格鲁吉亚有潜力为电动汽车创造大量额外的能源容量。格鲁吉亚的目标是成为清洁能源消费的地区领导者--一个 "绿色 "国家,并确保符合欧盟到 2050 年实现碳中和的目标,而电动汽车在其中发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
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