IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206439

Zicheng Ling , Shanqing Li , Jian Liu , Weiping Chen , Zhiqiang Fu

Molten Al-induced liquid metal corrosion poses a severe degradation challenge to the green manufacturing of Al matrix composites and the safety of key industrial equipment. This study pioneers a Ti-Nb-Cr refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) series (Ti_64-xNb_24+xCr₁₂, x = 0, 8, 16) to elucidate the role of Ti/Nb atomic ratios in governing microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and extreme molten Al tribo-corrosion behavior. Key breakthroughs include: Nb optimization (24 → 40 at.%) elevates strength-ductility synergy (+23 % compressive strength, +46 % microhardness, peak elongatioñ13.6 %). Crucially, the 40 at.% Nb alloy exhibites exceptional resistance to molten Al attack. Under dynamic tribo-corrosion conditions (sliding speed: 150 mm/s, applied load: 10 N, temperature: 750 °C, in molten Al), the volume loss of 40 at.% Nb alloy was reduced by 52 % compared to TC4 alloy and 91 % relative to H13 tool steel. This paradigm-shifting performance stems from a critical Nb concentration (40 at.%) that orchestrates a triple-synergistic interfacial armoring mechanism rooted in fundamental physical metallurgy and phase stability: (1) Thermodynamic stabilization of the alloy/melt interface (promoting Nb solubility equilibrium and suppressing rapid dissolution kinetics); (2) Enhanced high-temperature strength (resisting mechanical wear and plastic deformation under impingement); and (3) Formation of a dense, adherent, and crack-resistant Al₃(Ti,Nb) intermetallic barrier layer (kinetically inhibiting Al penetration, driven by favorable Ti/Nb-Al phase equilibria and stabilized by Nb incorporation).

熔融铝诱导液态金属腐蚀对铝基复合材料的绿色制造和关键工业设备的安全性提出了严峻的降解挑战。本研究率先建立了Ti-Nb- cr耐火多主元素合金（RMPEAs）系列（Ti64-xNb24+xCr12, x = 0,8,16），以阐明Ti/Nb原子比在控制微观组织演变、力学性能和极端熔融Al摩擦腐蚀行为中的作用。关键突破包括：Nb优化（24→40 at）；%)提高强度-延性协同作用（+ 23%抗压强度，+ 46%显微硬度，峰值elongatioñ13.6 %）。最关键的是，40岁的孩子。Nb合金表现出优异的抗熔铝腐蚀性能。在动态摩擦腐蚀条件下（滑动速度：150mm /s，施加载荷：10n，温度：750℃，在熔融Al中），体积损失为40at。Nb合金与TC4合金相比降低了52%，与H13工具钢相比降低了91%。这种范式转换性能源于临界Nb浓度（40 at）。(1)合金/熔体界面的热力学稳定（促进Nb溶解度平衡，抑制快速溶解动力学）；(2)高温强度增强（抗机械磨损和抗冲击下的塑性变形）；(3)形成致密的、粘附的、抗裂的Al3（Ti,Nb）金属间势垒层（由有利的Ti/Nb-Al相平衡驱动，并由Nb的掺入稳定）。

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引用次数: 0

Fretting Wear of a 304L stainless steel in 200-bar pressurized hydrogen: A typical nodular third body structure 304L不锈钢在200bar加压氢气中的微动磨损：一种典型的球状第三体结构

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206435

Mohammed Fartas , Siegfried Fouvry , Pierre Arnaud , Maria Isabel De Barros , Louis Cornet , Yazid Madi

The aim of this study is to investigate the friction and fretting wear behavior of 304L austenitic stainless steel under high hydrogen gas pressure. Fretting tests were performed using a novel sphere-on-flat test setup in ambient air, pressurized hydrogen (200 bar), and helium (200 bar). Analysis of wear volume, frictional response, and interface morphology revealed a distinctive tribological behavior under high hydrogen pressure. At the beginning of the test, seizure phenomena occurred, leading to high coefficients of friction and severe plastic deformation inducing tribologically transformed structures (TTS). The hydrogen-embrittled ferritic TTS layer facilitated the generation of large amounts of flat wear debris. These debris particles, entrapped within the fretted interface, progressively agglomerated into nodule-like structures. Acting through a ball-bearing mechanism, these nodular debris accommodated the interface, thereby reducing both the coefficient of friction and the wear rate. Overall, while the early fretting response in hydrogen resembled that in helium, the rapid formation of a stable nodular debris layer ultimately produced friction and wear levels similar to those in air, though governed by fundamentally different mechanisms.

研究了304L奥氏体不锈钢在高氢气压力下的摩擦和微动磨损行为。微动测试采用一种新型的球形平板测试装置，分别在环境空气、加压氢气（200 bar）和氦气（200 bar）中进行。通过对磨损体积、摩擦响应和界面形貌的分析，揭示了高氢压力下的独特摩擦学行为。在试验开始时，出现了癫痫现象，导致高摩擦系数和严重的塑性变形，从而产生摩擦学转化结构（TTS）。氢脆铁素体TTS层促进了大量扁平磨损碎屑的产生。这些碎片颗粒被困在微动界面内，逐渐聚集成结节状结构。通过球轴承机构，这些球状碎片容纳了界面，从而降低了摩擦系数和磨损率。总的来说，虽然氢气中的早期微动反应与氦中的相似，但稳定的结核状碎片层的快速形成最终产生了与空气中相似的摩擦和磨损水平，尽管受根本不同的机制控制。

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引用次数: 0

Surface damage induced by a cavitation bubble in a flow through a gap 在通过间隙的流动中，由空化泡引起的表面损伤

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206441

Dominik Gebensleben, Fabian Reuter, Claus-Dieter Ohl

We study cavitation damage on a metal surface induced by a single bubble that is laser-seeded in a narrow, water-filled gap with background flow of adjustable velocity. The bubble dynamics and collapse shock wave emission is observed using high-speed imaging from two perspectives of the bubble. Surface damage is inspected ex-situ using 3D surface profilometry. First, in stagnant liquid the bubble dynamics and resulting surface damage are studied for different bubble-to-wall distances. Then, the effect of the flow on the bubble dynamics and the surface damage is studied for increasing flow velocities. Different damage patterns are found that can be matched to the different bubble dynamics. In stagnant liquid at small enough stand-off distances, the surface damage appears as a single deep hole with its volume increasing for decreasing initial bubble-to-wall distance. In a moderate background flow of a few meters per second, the surface damage occurs as an indentation cloud, i.e., multiple smaller indentations are scattered over a large area. The indentation cloud is shifted downstream from the nucleation site due to the translation of the bubble with the flow. High-speed imaging at sub-picosecond exposure times reveals the influence of the background flow on the final stage of the bubble collapse and the shock wave self-focusing mechanism.

我们研究了在一个狭窄的、充满水的、背景流速度可调的间隙中激光播种单个气泡对金属表面造成的空化损伤。利用高速成像技术从两个角度观察了气泡的动力学和坍缩冲击波发射。使用3D表面轮廓术检测非原位表面损伤。首先，研究了停滞液体中不同气泡与壁面距离下气泡的动力学特性及其对表面的损伤。在此基础上，研究了增加流速对气泡动力学和表面损伤的影响。发现不同的损伤模式可以与不同的气泡动力学相匹配。在足够小的隔离距离处的滞流液体中，表面损伤表现为单个深孔，随着初始气泡到壁面距离的减小，其体积增加。在几米/秒的中等背景流中，表面损伤以压痕云的形式出现，即多个较小的压痕分散在大面积上。由于气泡随气流的平移，压痕云从成核位置向下游移动。亚皮秒曝光时间下的高速成像揭示了背景流对气泡破裂最后阶段的影响以及激波自聚焦机制。

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引用次数: 0

Friction and wear study of a modified pin on disc tribometer under the effect of a magnetic field with an inclined pin 斜销磁场作用下改进型盘式摩擦计的摩擦磨损研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206433

Bittu Kumar Singh, Chiranjit Sarkar

A modified pin-on-disc tribometer was developed to investigate the friction and wear characteristics of magnetorheological (MR) fluids under controlled magnetic fields. The design incorporates an inclined pin (0.1°) to establish hydrodynamic conditions, achieving a maximum magnetic flux density of 138 mT at the pin–disc interface. Experiments were performed using steel, aluminium, and brass specimens under varying loads, rotational speeds, and magnetic field strengths. The coefficient of friction decreased with increasing load but increased slightly with magnetic field due to particle aggregation in the contact zone, whereas the effect of speed was negligible. Finite element simulations and hydrodynamic analysis confirmed the parabolic pressure distribution and film thickness increase with field strength, indicating a transition from boundary to mixed lubrication. SEM and surface roughness analyses revealed abrasive wear caused by field-induced particle chain formation. The study highlights the combined influence of magnetic field strength and material hardness on tribological performance, providing design insights for MR fluid-based braking, clutch, and damping systems.

为了研究可控磁场下磁流变液的摩擦磨损特性，研制了一种改进的针盘式摩擦计。该设计采用了一个倾斜销（0.1°）来建立流体动力条件，在销盘界面处实现了138 mT的最大磁通密度。实验用钢、铝和黄铜试样在不同的载荷、转速和磁场强度下进行。摩擦系数随载荷的增加而减小，但由于接触区颗粒聚集，摩擦系数随磁场的增加而略有增加，而速度的影响可以忽略不计。有限元模拟和流体动力分析证实，压力呈抛物线状分布，油膜厚度随场强增大而增大，表明由边界润滑向混合润滑过渡。扫描电镜和表面粗糙度分析表明，场致颗粒链形成引起磨粒磨损。该研究强调了磁场强度和材料硬度对摩擦学性能的综合影响，为基于磁流变液的制动、离合器和阻尼系统的设计提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Asphalt wear evaluation using functional volume parameters: Overcoming the limits of the three-line method 用函数体积参数评价沥青磨损：克服三线法的局限性

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206436

Yandi Zhang , Ziye Ma , Yang Zou , Bing Hui , Yuzhen Xiao , Hainian Wang

Conventional texture-based methods for asphalt pavement wear evaluation often suffer from limited spatial representativeness, high data randomness, and a narrow dependence on elevation indicators. To address these limitations, this study proposes a volumetric wear evaluation framework based on three-dimensional laser point cloud data. A new dynamic index (K) is developed by integrating four functional volume parameters (Vmp, Vmc, Vvc, and Vvv) to capture the total material loss across progressive wear stages. Both linear and non-linear statistical analyses, including a linear mixed-effects model and Levene's test, are employed to assess the sensitivity and robustness of these parameters under different Smr thresholds. The results show that Vmc and Vvc, particularly within the Smr = 5 %–80 % range, are highly sensitive to increasing wear cycles. The proposed index K exhibits a stable upward trend with wear progression, maintaining a coefficient of variation of 0.33 and negative kurtosis (−0.82), indicating strong robustness and low concentration bias. In contrast, traditional line-based indices (e.g., WRt, WR_MTD, WR_SMPD) show higher variability and sensitivity to local noise. Overall, the volume-based index K provides a more comprehensive and stable representation of surface wear. It offers practical value for the durability evaluation of thin asphalt overlays and supports the development of preventive maintenance strategies.

传统的基于纹理的沥青路面磨损评价方法往往存在空间代表性有限、数据随机性大、对高程指标依赖较窄等问题。为了解决这些局限性，本研究提出了一种基于三维激光点云数据的体积磨损评估框架。通过整合四个功能体积参数（Vmp, Vmc， Vvc和Vvv），开发了一个新的动态指数(K)，以捕获在渐进磨损阶段的总材料损失。采用线性和非线性统计分析，包括线性混合效应模型和Levene检验，评估这些参数在不同Smr阈值下的敏感性和稳健性。结果表明，Vmc和Vvc，特别是在Smr = 5% ~ 80%范围内，对增加磨损次数高度敏感。随着磨损的增加，K指数呈现稳定的上升趋势，其变异系数为0.33，峰度为负（- 0.82），具有较强的稳健性和较低的浓度偏差。相比之下，传统的基于线的指数（如WRt、WRMTD、WRSMPD）表现出更高的变异性和对局部噪声的敏感性。总体而言，基于体积的指标K提供了更全面、更稳定的表面磨损表征。为薄沥青覆盖层耐久性评价提供了实用价值，并为预防性养护策略的制定提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance of 60NiTi alloy via ion implantation 离子注入增强了60NiTi合金的耐腐蚀和耐摩擦腐蚀性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206438

Chao Yan , Zhongwang Tian , Qunfeng Zeng , Yajun Zhang , Jiaojiao Li , Xiangmeng Li , Huiyun Zhang

In this study, three distinct ion species (Cr, C, and N) were implanted into a solution-treated 60NiTi alloy. Ion implantation was found to induce the formation of crystallographic defects and promote the development of nanoscale hard phases within the modified surface layer. Consequently, the near-surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the 60NiTi alloy were significantly enhanced. However, both the untreated and ion-implanted samples exhibited a notable decrease in corrosion resistance under frictional conditions. Furthermore, the transformation of free carbon into graphite-like carbon was observed on the worn surface of the carbon ion-implanted sample following annealing. This structural evolution contributes to enhanced anti-friction performance, reduced wear loss, and improved corrosion resistance in the carbon ion-implanted and post-annealed sample under mechanical friction conditions.

在这项研究中，三种不同的离子（Cr， C和N）被注入到溶液处理的60NiTi合金中。离子注入可诱导晶体缺陷的形成，并促进改性表面层内纳米级硬相的发展。因此，60NiTi合金的近表面硬度和耐蚀性显著提高。然而，在摩擦条件下，未经处理和离子注入的样品的耐腐蚀性都明显下降。此外，在碳离子注入样品退火后的磨损表面观察到游离碳向类石墨碳的转变。在机械摩擦条件下，这种结构的演变有助于增强碳离子注入和退火后样品的抗摩擦性能，减少磨损，提高耐腐蚀性。

引用次数: 0

Wear analysis of coated carbide tools in sustainable machining of Al7075+Al2O3+B4C hybrid nano-composites 涂层硬质合金刀具在Al7075+Al2O3+B4C复合纳米材料可持续加工中的磨损分析

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206419

N.S. Ross , Munish Kumar Gupta , Jolanta B. Krolczyk

In recent years, nano-hybrid metal matrix composites (nHMMCs) have gained prominence for their wear resistance, strength-to-weight ratio, and thermal stability in aerospace and automotive applications, demanding a focused machinability analysis. The analysis of tool wear and surface roughness is particularly crucial since these two parameters directly affect the quality, efficiency, and cost of the manufacturing process. Therefore, the present work deals with the analysis of tool wear geometry and surface roughness during the sustainable machining of nHMMCs. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to quantify tool wear patterns and surface integrity under various eco-friendly machining conditions, such as dry, rice bran oil (RBO), and a unique combination of RBO and glycerol (RBO + GLY). The novel blend of RBO + GLY is selected for its ability to improve viscosity and film strength when machining. Further, the effect of process parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate on tool wear progression and surface finish was evaluated using in-depth analysis with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy mapping (EDX mapping). The results indicate that RBO + GLY offers good wear resistance by maintaining a strong film and dissipating heat, reducing coating delamination. The experimental results also demonstrate that RBO + GLY is helpful in extending the tool life and surface finish compared to other conditions.

近年来，纳米混合金属基复合材料（nHMMCs）因其耐磨性、强度重量比和热稳定性在航空航天和汽车应用中获得了突出的地位，需要集中的可加工性分析。刀具磨损和表面粗糙度的分析尤为重要，因为这两个参数直接影响制造过程的质量、效率和成本。因此，本研究主要针对非接触式复合材料可持续加工过程中刀具磨损几何形状和表面粗糙度进行分析。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）量化了各种环保加工条件下的刀具磨损模式和表面完整性，如干燥、米糠油（RBO）和RBO和甘油（RBO + GLY）的独特组合。选择RBO + GLY的新型共混物是因为它在加工时能够提高粘度和膜强度。此外，通过能量色散x射线光谱（EDX mapping）深入分析，评估了切削速度和进给速率等工艺参数对刀具磨损进程和表面光洁度的影响。结果表明，RBO + GLY具有良好的耐磨性，可以保持涂层的坚固性和散热性，减少涂层的分层。实验结果还表明，与其他条件相比，RBO + GLY有助于延长刀具寿命和表面光洁度。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring the effect of runout on a Diamond-Coated Burrs’ wear progression with Acoustic Emission 用声发射监测跳动对金刚石涂层毛刺磨损过程的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206420

Thomas Jessel , Carl Byrne , Mark Eaton , Ben Merrifield , Rhys Pullin

Recent Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) approaches aim to optimise tool replacement by reducing unutilised Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and preventing unexpected failures of Diamond-Coated Burrs (DCBs). Acoustic Emission (AE) has been established as an indirect monitoring method for DCB wear through precision tool measurements. This study assesses the impact of changing initial runout on both wear progression and AE-based monitoring. Twelve wear tests were conducted using an adjustable tool-holder to vary initial runout between 1–78 µm, with AE and frequent on-machine surface measurements collected throughout. Results show that increased initial runout negatively affects total tool life and introduces greater variability in wear behaviour under identical conditions. Using a Renishaw NC4+ Blue (NC4) system, a high frequency of measurements enabled tracking of each DCB’s progression through the three wear phases. Surface crater formation and circumferential wear band expansion were consistently observed in the final wear phase of all DCBs. AE proved effective in monitoring both runout severity and the wear progression of the tool’s high spot. AE features also identified key wear points throughout the tool’s life, regardless of initial runout. These findings highlight the critical influence of runout on small-diameter DCB performance and support AE as a reliable, indirect, on-machine sensing method for tool wear monitoring, capable of identifying varying initial tool conditions.

最近的工具状态监测（TCM）方法旨在通过减少未使用的剩余使用寿命（RUL）和防止金刚石涂层毛刺（DCBs）的意外故障来优化工具更换。通过精密刀具测量，建立了声发射（AE）作为DCB磨损的间接监测方法。本研究评估了改变初始跳动对磨损进展和基于ae的监测的影响。使用可调节的刀架进行了12次磨损测试，以改变1-78 μ m之间的初始跳动，并在整个过程中收集声发射和频繁的机器表面测量。结果表明，初始跳动的增加会对刀具的总寿命产生负面影响，并在相同条件下引入更大的磨损性能变化。使用雷尼绍NC4+ Blue （NC4）系统，高频率的测量可以跟踪每个DCB在三个磨损阶段的进展。在所有dcb的最后磨损阶段均观察到表面形成陨石坑和周向磨损带扩展。事实证明，声发射在监测跳动严重程度和工具高点的磨损进展方面都是有效的。无论初始跳动如何，声发射特征还可以识别刀具整个使用寿命中的关键磨损点。这些发现强调了跳动对小直径DCB性能的关键影响，并支持声发射作为一种可靠的、间接的、机器感知的工具磨损监测方法，能够识别不同的初始工具条件。

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引用次数: 0

Wear morphology evolution and rock-cutting performance degradation of conical pick tips under iron ore tunneling conditions 铁矿掘进条件下锥形截尖磨损形态演化及截岩性能退化

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206430

Yuan Youlu , Wang Hongchao , Xia Yunfei , Zhou Xiangman , Lyu Lei , Zhang Yi

The carbide tip of the conical pick, a critical rock-cutting component in tunneling machines, undergoes severe geometric degradation during iron ore hard rock excavation, resulting in accelerated wear and reduced efficiency. To clarify the effects of wear on rock-cutting performance, pick tips collected from field operations were classified as unworn, moderately worn (50 % worn), and fully worn (100 % worn). High-precision 3D laser scanning was used to reconstruct the worn tip geometries, and a numerical model incorporating zero-thickness cohesive elements in ABAQUS was established to simulate rock fracture behavior. The model accuracy was verified through Brazilian splitting and uniaxial compression tests. Key results indicate that the wear morphology of the pick tip evolves nonlinearly and exponentially, which increases the curvature radius and tip angle, leading to geometric blunting and cutting-efficiency degradation. The enlarged contact area and decreased stress concentration shift the dominant rock failure mode from localized splitting to a diffuse compressive-shear mechanism. Furthermore, the specific energy of cutting exhibits a logistic decay trend with penetration depth, characterized by a rapid initial drop followed by gradual stabilization. This study provides an integrated framework coupling geometric wear evolution, contact mechanics, and fracture analysis, offering a theoretical basis for optimizing conical pick design and improving energy efficiency in hard rock tunneling.

作为隧道掘进机中关键的岩石切割部件，锥形镐的硬质合金尖端在铁矿硬岩开挖过程中会发生严重的几何退化，导致磨损加速，效率降低。为了明确磨损对岩石切割性能的影响，从现场作业中收集的镐尖被分为未磨损、中度磨损（50%磨损）和完全磨损（100%磨损）。采用高精度三维激光扫描重建磨损尖端几何形状，并在ABAQUS中建立零厚度内聚元数值模型，模拟岩石断裂行为。通过巴西劈裂和单轴压缩试验验证了模型的准确性。关键结果表明：镐尖磨损形态呈非线性指数演化，曲率半径和尖头角增大，导致几何钝化和切削效率下降；接触面积的扩大和应力集中的降低使岩石的主要破坏模式从局部分裂转变为扩散压剪机制。随着侵彻深度的增加，切削比能呈现出先快速下降后逐渐稳定的衰减趋势。该研究提供了几何磨损演化、接触力学和断裂分析相结合的综合框架，为硬岩隧道锥形截齿优化设计和提高能效提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Development of oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets as water-based nano-lubricant additive for titanium alloy rolling 氧化黑磷纳米片作为钛合金轧制水基纳米润滑添加剂的研制

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206432

Penghui Gong , Shijie Ding , Wei Wang , Shaowen Dong , Yuan Gao , Kuaishe Wang

Black phosphorus (BP) powder underwent oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The resulting oxidized BP (oBP) was exfoliated into nanosheets. The lubrication properties of oBP nanosheets and phosphate esters as water-based nano-lubricant additives were assessed utilizing a ball-on-disc Mult-Function Tribometer. The addition of oBP nanosheets to the phosphate ester solution decreased the coefficient of friction and wear rate by 25.4 % and 45.7 %, respectively. The ultralow wear rate (2.21 × 10⁻¹⁰ mm³/N·m) was obtained on titanium alloy surfaces. Additionally, the 7–15 nm thickness tribofilm was identified on the worn surface through transmission electron microscopy images. Similarly, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the friction force decreased by 20.2 % when the oBP was introduced into the system. Compared with the unlubricated condition, the cold rolling experiment showed that the cold rolling force, thickness deviation, and surface roughness were reduced by 36.4 %, 74.29 % and 71.6 %, respectively, under the oBP nanofluid lubrication condition. The lubrication mechanisms involved the generation of a tribochemical film on the Ti surface and the development of a restricted water layer on the oBP nanosheet surface. Furthermore, the lower interlaminar shear of black phosphorus contributes to reducing friction and wear. Additionally, the free water lubricating layer was formed on the GCr15 ball, serving to prevent direct contact at the friction interface. These findings suggest a novel approach for the development of environmentally friendly, high-performance water-based nano-lubricants for titanium alloy rolling.

用双氧水氧化黑磷（BP）粉末。得到的氧化BP （oBP）被剥离成纳米片。利用球盘式多功能摩擦计对oBP纳米片和磷酸酯作为水基纳米润滑添加剂的润滑性能进行了评估。在磷酸酯溶液中加入oBP纳米片，摩擦系数和磨损率分别降低了25.4%和45.7%。在钛合金表面获得了极低的磨损率（2.21 × 10−10 mm3/N·m）。另外，通过透射电镜图像在磨损表面鉴定出7-15 nm厚度的摩擦膜。同样，分子动力学模拟显示，当oBP被引入系统后，摩擦力降低了20.2%。冷轧实验结果表明，与无润滑条件相比，oBP纳米流体润滑条件下的冷轧力、厚度偏差和表面粗糙度分别降低了36.4%、74.29%和71.6%。润滑机制包括在Ti表面形成摩擦化学膜和在oBP纳米片表面形成受限水层。此外，黑磷的低层间剪切有助于减少摩擦和磨损。另外，在GCr15球上形成自由水润滑层，防止摩擦界面处的直接接触。这些发现为开发环保、高性能的水基纳米钛合金轧制润滑剂提供了一条新途径。

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引用次数: 0

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