Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781038
Di Wu, Hao Chen, T. Das, D. Aliprantis
This paper proposes methodologies to realize bidirectional power transfer between hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and the power grid for the most common HEV configurations. Only the internal power electronics and electric machines of the vehicle's propulsion system are being used, thus avoiding additional external power converters. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies.
{"title":"Bidirectional Power Transfer between HEVs and Grid without External Power Converters","authors":"Di Wu, Hao Chen, T. Das, D. Aliprantis","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes methodologies to realize bidirectional power transfer between hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and the power grid for the most common HEV configurations. Only the internal power electronics and electric machines of the vehicle's propulsion system are being used, thus avoiding additional external power converters. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121668177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781040
R. Kirkman
In response to Vice President Cheney's famous dismissal of conservation as a mere "sign of personal virtue," I argue that personal virtue may be a necessary even if not a sufficient condition for "a sound, comprehensive energy policy." The most effective and worthwhile approach to energy policy is one that seeks both to change the overall system of energy production and distribution and to foster cultural change and personal virtue. I conclude with a selective list of personal virtues that may contribute to the development of a sustainable energy infrastructure.
{"title":"A Case for Personal Virtue","authors":"R. Kirkman","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781040","url":null,"abstract":"In response to Vice President Cheney's famous dismissal of conservation as a mere \"sign of personal virtue,\" I argue that personal virtue may be a necessary even if not a sufficient condition for \"a sound, comprehensive energy policy.\" The most effective and worthwhile approach to energy policy is one that seeks both to change the overall system of energy production and distribution and to foster cultural change and personal virtue. I conclude with a selective list of personal virtues that may contribute to the development of a sustainable energy infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133506089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781066
D. Das, J. Mazumdar, W. Koellner
A typical mining facility uses excavation machines like shovels, draglines etc. for removing overburden and ores during the mining process. These machines are characterized by cyclic loads consisting of high peak power demands as well as regenerative energy. The peak power demand is often as high as double the average demand. The regenerated energy is as high as 60% of the peak motoring power. This regenerated energy can be stored temporarily and then reused during peak motoring demand thus leading to peak-shaving of the load. The recent development in the field of ultracapacitors has led to commercial availability of high power ultracapacitor modules rated for reasonably high voltages. The paper proposes the use of ultracapacitors in order to peak load shaving thereby reducing energy costs. The paper also discusses the economic benefits achieved by adopting this technology.
{"title":"Energy Budget Reduction by Using Ultracapacitors in Mining Converters","authors":"D. Das, J. Mazumdar, W. Koellner","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781066","url":null,"abstract":"A typical mining facility uses excavation machines like shovels, draglines etc. for removing overburden and ores during the mining process. These machines are characterized by cyclic loads consisting of high peak power demands as well as regenerative energy. The peak power demand is often as high as double the average demand. The regenerated energy is as high as 60% of the peak motoring power. This regenerated energy can be stored temporarily and then reused during peak motoring demand thus leading to peak-shaving of the load. The recent development in the field of ultracapacitors has led to commercial availability of high power ultracapacitor modules rated for reasonably high voltages. The paper proposes the use of ultracapacitors in order to peak load shaving thereby reducing energy costs. The paper also discusses the economic benefits achieved by adopting this technology.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"326 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133434293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780995
Yihsu Chen, Lizhi Wang
Models based on complementarity formulation have been a useful tool to simulate the interactions between environmental policies and the power market. This paper presents a power market model that considers renewable portfolio standards (RPS), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cap-and-trade and green pricing programs. These are three concurrent policies in the United States that are expected to be implemented to reduce our reliance of electricity on carbon intensity sources. Under these policies, electricity generated from renewable sources would incur little or no GHG costs, and also can be used to meet RPS, or sell into green pricing programs. Therefore, load serving entities (LSEs) would view electricity as differential products and price it differently based on its emission rate. As an illustration, the model is applied to analyze the interactions of three policies using a three-node power system. The result suggests that the green premium and the price of renewable energy credits (RECs) are closely related and the interactions among three policies can effectively increase profits earned by renewables generators. RECs market needs to be carefully designed to prevent double counting.
{"title":"A Power Market Model with Renewable Portfolio Standards, Green Pricing and GHG Emissions Trading Programs","authors":"Yihsu Chen, Lizhi Wang","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780995","url":null,"abstract":"Models based on complementarity formulation have been a useful tool to simulate the interactions between environmental policies and the power market. This paper presents a power market model that considers renewable portfolio standards (RPS), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cap-and-trade and green pricing programs. These are three concurrent policies in the United States that are expected to be implemented to reduce our reliance of electricity on carbon intensity sources. Under these policies, electricity generated from renewable sources would incur little or no GHG costs, and also can be used to meet RPS, or sell into green pricing programs. Therefore, load serving entities (LSEs) would view electricity as differential products and price it differently based on its emission rate. As an illustration, the model is applied to analyze the interactions of three policies using a three-node power system. The result suggests that the green premium and the price of renewable energy credits (RECs) are closely related and the interactions among three policies can effectively increase profits earned by renewables generators. RECs market needs to be carefully designed to prevent double counting.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115801968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780993
K. Closson
This article examines the role of national and transnational intellectual property policy on the development of a global sustainable energy infrastructure. A review of current intellectual property policy for selected jurisdictions is presented. The issues of patent pools, open source development, and government intervention are all explored. The author finds that thought leadership on the issue is lacking and current government policies are not designed to support the requirements of a transition to sustainable energy. National policies may be inconsistent or completely absent. Furthermore, one nation's policies can work at cross-purposes to other nations' policies. A coherent policy outline is required for the timely development of the transition to global sustainable energy. The author presents the components of such a policy.
{"title":"The Role of Intellectual Property Policy in Creating a Global Sustainable Energy Infrastructure","authors":"K. Closson","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780993","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of national and transnational intellectual property policy on the development of a global sustainable energy infrastructure. A review of current intellectual property policy for selected jurisdictions is presented. The issues of patent pools, open source development, and government intervention are all explored. The author finds that thought leadership on the issue is lacking and current government policies are not designed to support the requirements of a transition to sustainable energy. National policies may be inconsistent or completely absent. Furthermore, one nation's policies can work at cross-purposes to other nations' policies. A coherent policy outline is required for the timely development of the transition to global sustainable energy. The author presents the components of such a policy.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124566070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781019
R. Weissbach, R. Teodorescu, J. Sonnenmeier
The use of energy storage in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar is receiving more attention to help mitigate the effects of the intermittent nature of these sources. When considering energy storage, one wishes to maximize the probability that there will be enough energy available to meet the residential load demand while minimizing the cost of both the renewable energy sources as well as the energy storage device(s). In this paper, an off-grid residence with wind energy supply and energy storage is studied. Two different methods of estimating the number of hours the load is unable to be supplied are compared. Both involve Monte Carlo simulations, with one being based on a first order Markov Chain of the wind distribution at a particular site. Simulations indicate that the two methods yield vastly different results for the number of hours the residential load cannot be supplied.
{"title":"Comparison of Time-Based Probability Methods for Estimating Energy Storage Requirements for an Off-Grid Residence","authors":"R. Weissbach, R. Teodorescu, J. Sonnenmeier","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781019","url":null,"abstract":"The use of energy storage in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar is receiving more attention to help mitigate the effects of the intermittent nature of these sources. When considering energy storage, one wishes to maximize the probability that there will be enough energy available to meet the residential load demand while minimizing the cost of both the renewable energy sources as well as the energy storage device(s). In this paper, an off-grid residence with wind energy supply and energy storage is studied. Two different methods of estimating the number of hours the load is unable to be supplied are compared. Both involve Monte Carlo simulations, with one being based on a first order Markov Chain of the wind distribution at a particular site. Simulations indicate that the two methods yield vastly different results for the number of hours the residential load cannot be supplied.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781020
Xiaoming Feng, M. Subramanian
Commercial business rule management systems (BRMS) are software designed to manage and process rules, usually expressed in "if (condition) then (actions)" format. BRMS enables a more open IT solution architecture where business logic can be changed quickly by business analysts without making any change to the applications that invoke the logic processing. This approach offers some obvious advantage over traditional approach where the logic is hardwired in the application programs. Due to the benefits BRMS brings, rule based IT solutions are gaining popularity in banking, financial market, federal government, and other business that have to frequently modify business logic in response to fast changing business and regulation policies. The use of BRMS in real time network management environment has been hindered by demanding performance requirement by mission critical applications. This paper presents the application of BRMS in control center applications using remedial action processing as an example and discusses the novel integration architecture to achieve both online performance target and adaptive solution.
{"title":"Incorporating Business Rule Engine Technology in Control Center Applications-Toward Adaptive IT solutions","authors":"Xiaoming Feng, M. Subramanian","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781020","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial business rule management systems (BRMS) are software designed to manage and process rules, usually expressed in \"if (condition) then (actions)\" format. BRMS enables a more open IT solution architecture where business logic can be changed quickly by business analysts without making any change to the applications that invoke the logic processing. This approach offers some obvious advantage over traditional approach where the logic is hardwired in the application programs. Due to the benefits BRMS brings, rule based IT solutions are gaining popularity in banking, financial market, federal government, and other business that have to frequently modify business logic in response to fast changing business and regulation policies. The use of BRMS in real time network management environment has been hindered by demanding performance requirement by mission critical applications. This paper presents the application of BRMS in control center applications using remedial action processing as an example and discusses the novel integration architecture to achieve both online performance target and adaptive solution.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124632647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781072
A. Domínguez-García, P. Grainger
This paper proposes a framework for multi-level reliability evaluation of electrical energy systems. Reliability, independent of the criteria (deterministic or probabilistic) used to measure it, is often treated as a binary variable, i.e, the system is considered to be reliable if it meets some intended function and unreliable otherwise. This binary approach is appropriate in systems with a single intended function or in which degraded performance is not allowed. Electrical energy systems are highly distributed and have multiple functions, i.e., deliver power to different loads. Furthermore, electrical energy systems are dynamic, both in operational conditions and physical structure, which has an additional impact on system performance, and therefore on reliability. In this context, the paper presents multiple levels of reliability and defines the concept of degraded performance for power systems work. The proposed multi-level reliability evaluation framework explicitly models both structural and operational uncertainty. It will become increasingly important as user-based reliability considerations become more prominent in electric power systems.
{"title":"A Framework for Multi-Level Reliability Evaluation of Electrical Energy Systems","authors":"A. Domínguez-García, P. Grainger","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781072","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a framework for multi-level reliability evaluation of electrical energy systems. Reliability, independent of the criteria (deterministic or probabilistic) used to measure it, is often treated as a binary variable, i.e, the system is considered to be reliable if it meets some intended function and unreliable otherwise. This binary approach is appropriate in systems with a single intended function or in which degraded performance is not allowed. Electrical energy systems are highly distributed and have multiple functions, i.e., deliver power to different loads. Furthermore, electrical energy systems are dynamic, both in operational conditions and physical structure, which has an additional impact on system performance, and therefore on reliability. In this context, the paper presents multiple levels of reliability and defines the concept of degraded performance for power systems work. The proposed multi-level reliability evaluation framework explicitly models both structural and operational uncertainty. It will become increasingly important as user-based reliability considerations become more prominent in electric power systems.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129274839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780987
D. S. Angelo, M. Clayton, P. Higgs, J. Jones, J. Lynch, S. MacDiarmid
Climate change is a central issue in domestic and international policy, affecting trade, environment, and energy supply strategy. The predominant contributor to climate change is anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Retrofit table processes that capture CO2 from flue gas of coal burning power plants, cement plants and steel plants can lead to significant reductions in CO2 emissions and help reverse climate change. The skyMinetrade process relies on well-understood chemical reactions and unit operations to capture and mineralize CO2 at a competitive energy penalty. The process includes the production of marketable chemicals such as hydrogen, chlorine, and sodium bicarbonate. The process also prevents the release of the acid gases associated with the burning of coal, regulated heavy metals [e.g. mercury], and other not yet regulated heavy metals [e.g. selenium, chromium]. The combination of remediating CO2, acid gases, and metals yields an all-in-one cost effective, profitable solution. The chemistry, thermodynamics, material balance and financials for the skyMinetrade process is presented and the field results from a pilot demonstration plant are reviewed.
{"title":"CO2 Capture in Solid Form - An Overview of the SkyMine- Process","authors":"D. S. Angelo, M. Clayton, P. Higgs, J. Jones, J. Lynch, S. MacDiarmid","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780987","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a central issue in domestic and international policy, affecting trade, environment, and energy supply strategy. The predominant contributor to climate change is anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Retrofit table processes that capture CO2 from flue gas of coal burning power plants, cement plants and steel plants can lead to significant reductions in CO2 emissions and help reverse climate change. The skyMinetrade process relies on well-understood chemical reactions and unit operations to capture and mineralize CO2 at a competitive energy penalty. The process includes the production of marketable chemicals such as hydrogen, chlorine, and sodium bicarbonate. The process also prevents the release of the acid gases associated with the burning of coal, regulated heavy metals [e.g. mercury], and other not yet regulated heavy metals [e.g. selenium, chromium]. The combination of remediating CO2, acid gases, and metals yields an all-in-one cost effective, profitable solution. The chemistry, thermodynamics, material balance and financials for the skyMinetrade process is presented and the field results from a pilot demonstration plant are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122999337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781065
P. Rodríguez, A. Luna, R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg
This work employs the double synchronous reference frame PLL (DSRF-PLL) as an effective method for grid synchronization of WT's power converters in the presence of transient faults in the grid. The DSRF-PLL exploits a dual synchronous reference frame voltage characterization, adding a decoupling network to a standard SRF-PLL in order to effectively separate the positive- and negative-sequence voltage components in a fast and accurate way. Experimental evaluation of the proposed grid synchronization method and simulations regarding its application to ride through transient faults verify and validate the excellent behavior of the DSRF-PLL in the grid synchronization of WT's power converters under unfavorable grid conditions.
{"title":"Grid Synchronization of Wind Turbine Converters under Transient Grid Faults using a Double Synchronous Reference Frame PLL","authors":"P. Rodríguez, A. Luna, R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781065","url":null,"abstract":"This work employs the double synchronous reference frame PLL (DSRF-PLL) as an effective method for grid synchronization of WT's power converters in the presence of transient faults in the grid. The DSRF-PLL exploits a dual synchronous reference frame voltage characterization, adding a decoupling network to a standard SRF-PLL in order to effectively separate the positive- and negative-sequence voltage components in a fast and accurate way. Experimental evaluation of the proposed grid synchronization method and simulations regarding its application to ride through transient faults verify and validate the excellent behavior of the DSRF-PLL in the grid synchronization of WT's power converters under unfavorable grid conditions.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115222745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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