Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107003
Qiurong Zhang , Xin Zhou , Yu Sun , Qingfang Deng , Qing Wu , Zhirui Wen , Huaguo Chen
The presence of microplastics in the aquatic environment has attracted widespread attention. A large number of studies have assessed the effects of microplastics on the respiratory system of aquatic animals, but the results are not directly comparable across studies due to inconsistent evaluation criteria. Therefore, we adopted an integrated research approach that can integrate and parse complex data to improve reliability, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 published studies, and elucidated the mechanisms of microplastic damage to cells. The results showed that PE had the greatest impact on aquatic animals, and fish were the most sensitive to the effects caused by microplastics, with oxidative stress induced by exposure concentrations exceeding 1000 µg/L or exposure times exceeding 28 days, leading to depletion of antioxidant defenses, cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and behavioral abnormalities. As this review is based on existing studies, there may be limitations in terms of literature quality, data availability and timeliness. In conclusion, we suggest to combat microplastic pollution by limiting plastic use, promoting plastic substitution and recycling, and enhancing microplastic capture degradation technologies.
{"title":"Harmful effects of microplastics on respiratory system of aquatic animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Qiurong Zhang , Xin Zhou , Yu Sun , Qingfang Deng , Qing Wu , Zhirui Wen , Huaguo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of microplastics in the aquatic environment has attracted widespread attention. A large number of studies have assessed the effects of microplastics on the respiratory system of aquatic animals, but the results are not directly comparable across studies due to inconsistent evaluation criteria. Therefore, we adopted an integrated research approach that can integrate and parse complex data to improve reliability, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 published studies, and elucidated the mechanisms of microplastic damage to cells. The results showed that PE had the greatest impact on aquatic animals, and fish were the most sensitive to the effects caused by microplastics, with oxidative stress induced by exposure concentrations exceeding 1000 µg/L or exposure times exceeding 28 days, leading to depletion of antioxidant defenses, cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and behavioral abnormalities. As this review is based on existing studies, there may be limitations in terms of literature quality, data availability and timeliness. In conclusion, we suggest to combat microplastic pollution by limiting plastic use, promoting plastic substitution and recycling, and enhancing microplastic capture degradation technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107001
Go-Eun Kim , Dae-Wook Kim , Seonggeun Zee , Kanghee Kim , June-Woo Park , Chang-Beom Park
Since the run off of microplastic and plastic additives into the aquatic environment through the disposal of plastic products, we investigated the adverse effects of co-exposure to microplastics and plastic additives on zebrafish embryonic development. To elucidate the combined effects between microplastic mixtures composed of microplastics and plastic additives in zebrafish embryonic development, polystyrene (PS), bisphenol S (BPS), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were chosen as a target contaminant. Based on non-toxic concentration of each contaminant in zebrafish embryos, microplastic mixtures which is consisted of binary and ternary mixed forms were prepared. A strong phenotypic toxicity to zebrafish embryos was observed in the mixtures composed with non-toxic concentration of each contaminant. In particular, the mixture combination with ≤ EC10 values for BPS and MEHP showed a with a strong synergistic effect. Based on phenotypic toxicity to zebrafish embryos, change of transcription levels for target genes related to cell damage and thyroid hormone synthesis were analyzed in the ternary mixtures with low concentrations that were observed non-toxicity. Compared with the control group, cell damage genes linked to the oxidative stress response and thyroid hormone transcription factors were remarkably down-regulated in the ternary mixture-exposed groups, whereas the transcriptional levels of cyp1a1 and p53 were significantly up-regulated in the ternary mixture-exposed groups (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that even at low concentrations, exposure to microplastic mixtures can cause embryonic damage and developmental malformations in zebrafish, depending on the mixed concentration-combination. Consequently, our findings will provide data to examine the action mode of zebrafish developmental toxicity caused by microplastic mixtures exposure composed with microplastics and plastic additives.
{"title":"Co-exposure to microplastic and plastic additives causes development impairment in zebrafish embryos","authors":"Go-Eun Kim , Dae-Wook Kim , Seonggeun Zee , Kanghee Kim , June-Woo Park , Chang-Beom Park","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the run off of microplastic and plastic additives into the aquatic environment through the disposal of plastic products, we investigated the adverse effects of co-exposure to microplastics and plastic additives on zebrafish embryonic development. To elucidate the combined effects between microplastic mixtures composed of microplastics and plastic additives in zebrafish embryonic development, polystyrene (PS), bisphenol S (BPS), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were chosen as a target contaminant. Based on non-toxic concentration of each contaminant in zebrafish embryos, microplastic mixtures which is consisted of binary and ternary mixed forms were prepared. A strong phenotypic toxicity to zebrafish embryos was observed in the mixtures composed with non-toxic concentration of each contaminant. In particular, the mixture combination with ≤ EC10 values for BPS and MEHP showed a with a strong synergistic effect. Based on phenotypic toxicity to zebrafish embryos, change of transcription levels for target genes related to cell damage and thyroid hormone synthesis were analyzed in the ternary mixtures with low concentrations that were observed non-toxicity. Compared with the control group, cell damage genes linked to the oxidative stress response and thyroid hormone transcription factors were remarkably down-regulated in the ternary mixture-exposed groups, whereas the transcriptional levels of <em>cyp1a1</em> and <em>p53</em> were significantly up-regulated in the ternary mixture-exposed groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These results demonstrate that even at low concentrations, exposure to microplastic mixtures can cause embryonic damage and developmental malformations in zebrafish, depending on the mixed concentration-combination. Consequently, our findings will provide data to examine the action mode of zebrafish developmental toxicity caused by microplastic mixtures exposure composed with microplastics and plastic additives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106999
Qianqian Geng , Liang Zou , Mengmeng Guo , Jixing Peng , Fengling Li , Yujie Bi , Shuqi Jiang , Hanlin Qin , Zhijun Tan
The coexistence of multiple emerging contaminants imposes a substantial burden on the ecophysiological functions in organisms. The combined toxicity and underlying mechanism requires in-depth understanding. Here, marine blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) was selected and exposed to 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) individually and in combination at environmental related concentrations to elucidate differences in stress responses and potential toxicological mechanisms. Characterization and comparison of accumulation, biomarkers, histopathology, transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed. Co-exposure resulted in differential accumulation patterns, exacerbated histopathological alterations, and different responses in oxidative stress and biomarkers for xenobiotic transportation. Moreover, the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DEMs) in mussels were found to be annotated to different metabolic pathways. Correlation analyses further indicated that DEGs and DEMs were significantly correlated with the above biomarkers. BDE-47 and PFOA altered the genes and metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, energy and purine metabolism, ABC transporters, and glutathione metabolism to varying degrees, subsequently inducing accumulation differences and combined toxicity. Furthermore, the present work highlighted the pivotal role of Nrf2-keap1 detoxification pathway in the acclimation of M. galloprovincialis to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress induced by BDE-47 and PFOA. This study enabled more comprehensive understanding of combined toxic mechanism of multi emerging contaminants pollution.
{"title":"Insights into the combined toxicity and mechanisms of BDE-47 and PFOA in marine blue mussel: An integrated study at the physiochemical and molecular levels","authors":"Qianqian Geng , Liang Zou , Mengmeng Guo , Jixing Peng , Fengling Li , Yujie Bi , Shuqi Jiang , Hanlin Qin , Zhijun Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coexistence of multiple emerging contaminants imposes a substantial burden on the ecophysiological functions in organisms. The combined toxicity and underlying mechanism requires in-depth understanding. Here, marine blue mussel (<em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> L.) was selected and exposed to 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) individually and in combination at environmental related concentrations to elucidate differences in stress responses and potential toxicological mechanisms. Characterization and comparison of accumulation, biomarkers, histopathology, transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed. Co-exposure resulted in differential accumulation patterns, exacerbated histopathological alterations, and different responses in oxidative stress and biomarkers for xenobiotic transportation. Moreover, the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DEMs) in mussels were found to be annotated to different metabolic pathways. Correlation analyses further indicated that DEGs and DEMs were significantly correlated with the above biomarkers. BDE-47 and PFOA altered the genes and metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, energy and purine metabolism, ABC transporters, and glutathione metabolism to varying degrees, subsequently inducing accumulation differences and combined toxicity. Furthermore, the present work highlighted the pivotal role of Nrf2-keap1 detoxification pathway in the acclimation of <em>M. galloprovincialis</em> to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress induced by BDE-47 and PFOA. This study enabled more comprehensive understanding of combined toxic mechanism of multi emerging contaminants pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nodularin is a potent cyanotoxin that has been detected in aquatic environments as well as in the body of aquatic organisms throughout the world, but its effects on the reproductive system are yet to be explored. The present study investigated the toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of nodularin on the reproductive endocrine system of female zebrafish (Danio rerio). After exposure to nodularin for 14 days, decreased gonadosomatic Index (GSI), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and decreased level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-estradiol (E2) level and increased testosterone (T) content in female zebrafish suggested that nodularin may disrupt both oocyte growth and maturation. In support of this data, alteration in different marker gene expression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis was observed. Transcriptional levels of genes related to steroidogenesis including cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19a1a) in the ovary and primary vitellogenin genes (vtg1, vtg2, and vtg3) in the liver were down-regulated and marker genes for oxidative stress (sod, cat, and gpx) were up-regulated on HPGL axis. These findings revealed for the first time that nodularin is a potent endocrine-disrupting compound posing oxidative stress and causes reproductive endocrine toxicity in female zebrafish, emphasizing the importance of assessing its environmental risks.
{"title":"Toxicological effects of nodularin on the reproductive endocrine system of female zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Chayan Biswas, Madhuchhanda Adhikari, Kousik Pramanick","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nodularin is a potent cyanotoxin that has been detected in aquatic environments as well as in the body of aquatic organisms throughout the world, but its effects on the reproductive system are yet to be explored. The present study investigated the toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of nodularin on the reproductive endocrine system of female zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). After exposure to nodularin for 14 days, decreased gonadosomatic Index (GSI), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and decreased level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-estradiol (E2) level and increased testosterone (T) content in female zebrafish suggested that nodularin may disrupt both oocyte growth and maturation. In support of this data, alteration in different marker gene expression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis was observed. Transcriptional levels of genes related to steroidogenesis including cytochrome P450 aromatase (<em>cyp19a1a</em>) in the ovary and primary vitellogenin genes (<em>vtg1, vtg2,</em> and <em>vtg3)</em> in the liver were down-regulated and marker genes for oxidative stress (<em>sod, cat,</em> and <em>gpx</em>) were up-regulated on HPGL axis. These findings revealed for the first time that nodularin is a potent endocrine-disrupting compound posing oxidative stress and causes reproductive endocrine toxicity in female zebrafish, emphasizing the importance of assessing its environmental risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141320119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106996
Huanxin Zhang , Lihua Cui , Panpan Si , Yumiao Zhou , Yu Zhang , Youru Zhang , Qiang Kong
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are important pollutants in marine crude oils and have obvious toxic effects on marine organisms. However, the effects of NAs on the intestine are largely unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effects of NAs exposure in the intestines of marine medaka. Fish were experimentally exposed to NAs (0.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 10 mg/L) for 96 h and monitored for changes in intestinal histology, markers of oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiome responses. Significant mucosal damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress were observed in the intestines of marine medaka after exposure to NAs. In addition, significant changes in the gut microbiota were observed. Specifically, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased, while that of Verrucomicrobiota increased in the high-concentration exposure group. In addition, nutrient synthesis and metabolism in the gut were affected. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the ecological risk of different concentrations of NAs to marine organisms.
Capsule abstract
Changes in the gut microbial community of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) caused by naphthenic acids in the marine environment were investigated through the assessment of gut inflammatory factors and comprehensive analysis using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated the induction of intestinal inflammation and changes in the structural composition of the intestinal flora.
环烷酸(NAs)是海洋原油中的重要污染物,对海洋生物有明显的毒性作用。然而,NAs 对肠道的影响在很大程度上是未知的。因此,我们评估了暴露于 NAs 对青鱼肠道的影响。鱼类实验性地暴露于NAs(0.5毫克/升、5毫克/升和10毫克/升)96小时,并监测肠道组织学、氧化应激标志物和肠道微生物组反应的变化。暴露于NAs后,海鳉肠道中出现了明显的粘膜损伤、炎症和氧化应激。此外,还观察到肠道微生物群发生了重大变化。具体来说,在高浓度接触组中,蛋白质细菌的相对丰度下降,而疣状微生物群的相对丰度上升。此外,肠道中营养物质的合成和代谢也受到了影响。该研究结果有助于更好地理解不同浓度的环烷酸对海洋生物的生态风险。胶囊摘要通过评估肠道炎症因子和使用 16S rDNA 高通量测序进行综合分析,研究了海洋环境中环烷酸引起的青鳉肠道微生物群落的变化。结果表明,环烷酸诱发了肠道炎症,并改变了肠道菌群的结构组成。
{"title":"Environmentally relevant concentrations of naphthenic acids initiate intestinal injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)","authors":"Huanxin Zhang , Lihua Cui , Panpan Si , Yumiao Zhou , Yu Zhang , Youru Zhang , Qiang Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Naphthenic acids (NAs) are important pollutants in marine crude oils and have obvious toxic effects on marine organisms. However, the effects of NAs on the intestine are largely unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effects of NAs exposure in the intestines of marine medaka. Fish were experimentally exposed to NAs (0.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 10 mg/L) for 96 h and monitored for changes in intestinal histology, markers of oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiome responses. Significant mucosal damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress were observed in the intestines of marine medaka after exposure to NAs. In addition, significant changes in the gut microbiota were observed. Specifically, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased, while that of Verrucomicrobiota increased in the high-concentration exposure group. In addition, nutrient synthesis and metabolism in the gut were affected. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the ecological risk of different concentrations of NAs to marine organisms.</p></div><div><h3>Capsule abstract</h3><p>Changes in the gut microbial community of marine medaka (<em>Oryzias melastigma</em>) caused by naphthenic acids in the marine environment were investigated through the assessment of gut inflammatory factors and comprehensive analysis using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated the induction of intestinal inflammation and changes in the structural composition of the intestinal flora.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106988
Sabiha Akter, Katharina Wilfert, Olayemi Razaq Saliu, Jonas Schoelynck, Gudrun De Boeck
Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic eutrophication, including high nitrogen. In addition, climate change is leading to more intense and frequent heatwaves, which have enormous impacts on all trophic levels of the ecosystem. Any change in the lower trophic levels, e.g., the phytoplankton, also introduces stress to higher trophic levels e.g., the zooplankton crustacean Daphnia. Individual effects of heatwaves, high nitrate, and changing feed quality have been studied in daphnia, but less is known about their interactive effects. This study used a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design in which daphnia were exposed to combinations of ecologically relevant nitrate concentrations (0, 50, or 200 mg/L) and different heatwave scenarios (no, short-moderate, or long-intense) in which individuals were either fed with microalgae (P. subcapitata and C. reinhardtii) grown at 20 °C and 50 mg/L nitrate (control feed) or the same conditions as daphnia was exposed to (experimental feed). Throughout the experiment, the interactive effects of high nitrate, heatwave, and feed on mortality, maturation, offspring, and body size were evaluated. In general, heatwaves shorten the lifespan of daphnia. Exposing daphnia to a long-intense heatwave combined with high nitrate resulted in poor performance. In the nitrate-limited condition, however, the restricted proliferation of microalgae reduced feed availability, which also had a major impact on daphnia's life history traits. Daphnia cultured in high nitrate and fed control feed performed better than when fed experimental feed, suggesting that in a high nitrate condition, the microalgae grown under the same experimental conditions was either unable to meet energy requirements or introduced extra stress for the daphnia. Most importantly, the effect of nitrate and heatwave as stressors on the availability and quality of the feed had a greater impact on daphnia than its direct impact. Interestingly, a transgenerational adaptation to nitrate was observed which may help to maintain ecological balance in the long run.
{"title":"Feeding on stressed algae exerts important effects on life history traits of Daphnia magna in a multi-stressor environment","authors":"Sabiha Akter, Katharina Wilfert, Olayemi Razaq Saliu, Jonas Schoelynck, Gudrun De Boeck","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic eutrophication, including high nitrogen. In addition, climate change is leading to more intense and frequent heatwaves, which have enormous impacts on all trophic levels of the ecosystem. Any change in the lower trophic levels, e.g., the phytoplankton, also introduces stress to higher trophic levels e.g., the zooplankton crustacean Daphnia. Individual effects of heatwaves, high nitrate, and changing feed quality have been studied in daphnia, but less is known about their interactive effects. This study used a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design in which daphnia were exposed to combinations of ecologically relevant nitrate concentrations (0, 50, or 200 mg/L) and different heatwave scenarios (no, short-moderate, or long-intense) in which individuals were either fed with microalgae (<em>P. subcapitata</em> and <em>C. reinhardtii</em>) grown at 20 °C and 50 mg/L nitrate (control feed) or the same conditions as daphnia was exposed to (experimental feed). Throughout the experiment, the interactive effects of high nitrate, heatwave, and feed on mortality, maturation, offspring, and body size were evaluated. In general, heatwaves shorten the lifespan of daphnia. Exposing daphnia to a long-intense heatwave combined with high nitrate resulted in poor performance. In the nitrate-limited condition, however, the restricted proliferation of microalgae reduced feed availability, which also had a major impact on daphnia's life history traits. Daphnia cultured in high nitrate and fed control feed performed better than when fed experimental feed, suggesting that in a high nitrate condition, the microalgae grown under the same experimental conditions was either unable to meet energy requirements or introduced extra stress for the daphnia. Most importantly, the effect of nitrate and heatwave as stressors on the availability and quality of the feed had a greater impact on daphnia than its direct impact. Interestingly, a transgenerational adaptation to nitrate was observed which may help to maintain ecological balance in the long run.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106987
Dokuboba Amachree , Alan John Moody , Richard D. Handy
In the natural ecosystem, aquatic organisms are exposed to a cocktail of chemicals that may result in toxicological responses differing from those of individual chemicals. In the present study, mussels were exposed using a semi-static and triplicated design to either control (no added metal), 50 µg l−1 (Hg alone), 50 µg l−1 (Cd alone), or 50 µg l−1 Hg plus 50 µg l−1 Cd (Hg + Cd) mixture for 14 days. Tissues were collected on days 0, 2, 4, 8, and 14 for metal analysis and sub-lethal responses using a suite of assays. Tissue metal concentrations were not significantly different in the single metal (Hg or Cd) compared to the Hg plus Cd mixture treatment for all tissues, apart from the gill of the Cd alone treatment. At the end of the experiment, the gill Cd concentration was significantly increased in the Hg plus Cd mixture compared to the Cd alone treatment, suggesting the influence of Hg on Cd uptake. The percentage increases of the Hg plus Cd mixture compared to the arithmetic sum of the individual metals were ( %): 20.2, 9.3, 25.1, 23.8, 10.7, and 12.4 for adductor muscle, digestive gland, gill, gonad, remaining soft tissue, and haemolymph, respectively. There were no observed treatment effects on total haemocyte count, haemolymph protein, or glucose concentration in the cell-free haemolymph. Neither was there any treatment effect on osmotic pressure, ions in the tissues, or in the cell-free haemolymph. At the end of the experiment, Hg-mediated oxidative damage, as an increase of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and apparent depletion of total glutathione. This was observed in the gill and digestive gland of the Hg alone and Hg plus Cd mixture. Histopathology examination showed similar pathology in the Hg alone and the Hg plus Cd treatment. In conclusion, despite some oxidative stress and pathology during metal exposure, the accumulation of metals and effects on mussel health were similar between single exposures and a mixture of Hg plus Cd. In terms of risk assessment, regulations for the individual metals should suffice to protect against the mixture of Hg plus Cd, at least for adult M. edulis in full-strength seawater.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation and sub-lethal physiological effects of metal mixtures on mussel, Mytilus edulis: Continuous exposure to a binary mixture of mercury and cadmium","authors":"Dokuboba Amachree , Alan John Moody , Richard D. Handy","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the natural ecosystem, aquatic organisms are exposed to a cocktail of chemicals that may result in toxicological responses differing from those of individual chemicals. In the present study, mussels were exposed using a semi-static and triplicated design to either control (no added metal), 50 µg l<sup>−1</sup> (Hg alone), 50 µg l<sup>−1</sup> (Cd alone), or 50 µg l<sup>−1</sup> Hg plus 50 µg l<sup>−1</sup> Cd (Hg + Cd) mixture for 14 days. Tissues were collected on days 0, 2, 4, 8, and 14 for metal analysis and sub-lethal responses using a suite of assays. Tissue metal concentrations were not significantly different in the single metal (Hg or Cd) compared to the Hg plus Cd mixture treatment for all tissues, apart from the gill of the Cd alone treatment. At the end of the experiment, the gill Cd concentration was significantly increased in the Hg plus Cd mixture compared to the Cd alone treatment, suggesting the influence of Hg on Cd uptake. The percentage increases of the Hg plus Cd mixture compared to the arithmetic sum of the individual metals were ( %): 20.2, 9.3, 25.1, 23.8, 10.7, and 12.4 for adductor muscle, digestive gland, gill, gonad, remaining soft tissue, and haemolymph, respectively. There were no observed treatment effects on total haemocyte count, haemolymph protein, or glucose concentration in the cell-free haemolymph. Neither was there any treatment effect on osmotic pressure, ions in the tissues, or in the cell-free haemolymph. At the end of the experiment, Hg-mediated oxidative damage, as an increase of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and apparent depletion of total glutathione. This was observed in the gill and digestive gland of the Hg alone and Hg plus Cd mixture. Histopathology examination showed similar pathology in the Hg alone and the Hg plus Cd treatment. In conclusion, despite some oxidative stress and pathology during metal exposure, the accumulation of metals and effects on mussel health were similar between single exposures and a mixture of Hg plus Cd. In terms of risk assessment, regulations for the individual metals should suffice to protect against the mixture of Hg plus Cd, at least for adult <em>M. edulis</em> in full-strength seawater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X24001577/pdfft?md5=180c72cd799006c156004acd09811b2f&pid=1-s2.0-S0166445X24001577-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106986
Pius Abraham Tetteh , Zahra Kalvani , Don Stevens , Ravinder Sappal , Collins Kamunde
For continuous pumping of blood, the heart needs a constant supply of energy (ATP) that is primarily met via oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. However, sustained high rates of electron transport for energy conversion redox reactions predisposes the heart to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ROS are fundamental drivers of responses to environmental stressors including metals but knowledge of how combinations of metals alter mitochondrial ROS homeodynamics remains sparse. We explored the effects and interactions of binary mixtures of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), metals that are common contaminants of aquatic systems, on ROS (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) homeodynamics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart mitochondria. Isolated mitochondria were energized with glutamate-malate or succinate and exposed to a range of concentrations of the metals singly and in equimolar binary concentrations. Speciation analysis revealed that Cu was highly complexed by glutamate or Tris resulting in Cu2+ concentrations in the picomolar to nanomolar range. The concentration of Cd2+ was 7.2–7.5 % of the total while Zn2+ was 15 % and 21 % of the total during glutamate-malate and succinate oxidation, respectively. The concentration-effect relationships for Cu and Cd on mitochondrial H2O2 emission depended on the substrate while those for Zn were similar during glutamate-malate and succinate oxidation. Cu + Zn and Cu + Cd mixtures exhibited antagonistic interactions wherein Cu reduced the effects of both Cd and Zn, suggesting that Cu can mitigate oxidative distress caused by Cd or Zn. Binary combinations of the metals acted additively to reduce the rate constant and increase the half-life of H2O2 consumption while concomitantly suppressing thioredoxin reductase and stimulating glutathione peroxidase activities. Collectively, our study indicates that binary mixtures of Cu, Zn, and Cd act additively or antagonistically to modulate H2O2 homeodynamics in heart mitochondria.
为了持续泵血,心脏需要持续供应能量(ATP),这主要是通过心肌细胞线粒体中的氧化磷酸化来实现的。然而,能量转换氧化还原反应的电子传递速率过高,容易导致心脏产生活性氧(ROS)和氧化应激。线粒体 ROS 是对包括金属在内的环境应激源做出反应的基本驱动力,但有关金属组合如何改变线粒体 ROS 家动力学的知识仍然很少。我们探讨了铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)和锌(Zn)这些水生系统常见污染物的二元混合物对虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)心脏线粒体中 ROS(过氧化氢,H2O2)同源动力学的影响和相互作用。分离的线粒体由谷氨酸-苹果酸或琥珀酸激发,并暴露于一定浓度的单金属和等摩尔二元金属中。分析表明,铜与谷氨酸或三羟甲基氨基甲烷高度络合,导致 Cu2+ 浓度在皮摩尔至纳摩尔范围内。在谷氨酸-苹果酸和琥珀酸氧化过程中,Cd2+ 的浓度占总浓度的 7.2-7.5%,而 Zn2+ 的浓度分别占总浓度的 15% 和 21%。Cu 和 Cd 对线粒体 H2O2 释放的浓度-效应关系取决于底物,而 Zn 在谷氨酸-苹果酸和琥珀酸氧化过程中的浓度-效应关系相似。Cu + Zn 和 Cu + Cd 混合物表现出拮抗作用,其中 Cu 可减少 Cd 和 Zn 的影响,这表明 Cu 可减轻 Cd 或 Zn 造成的氧化损伤。金属的二元组合具有相加作用,可降低 H2O2 消耗的速率常数并延长其半衰期,同时抑制硫代氧化还原酶的活性并刺激谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。总之,我们的研究表明,铜、锌和镉的二元混合物在调节心脏线粒体中的 H2O2 家动力学方面起着相加或拮抗的作用。
{"title":"Interactions of binary mixtures of metals on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart mitochondrial H2O2 homeodynamics","authors":"Pius Abraham Tetteh , Zahra Kalvani , Don Stevens , Ravinder Sappal , Collins Kamunde","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For continuous pumping of blood, the heart needs a constant supply of energy (ATP) that is primarily met via oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. However, sustained high rates of electron transport for energy conversion redox reactions predisposes the heart to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ROS are fundamental drivers of responses to environmental stressors including metals but knowledge of how combinations of metals alter mitochondrial ROS homeodynamics remains sparse. We explored the effects and interactions of binary mixtures of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), metals that are common contaminants of aquatic systems, on ROS (hydrogen peroxide, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) homeodynamics in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) heart mitochondria. Isolated mitochondria were energized with glutamate-malate or succinate and exposed to a range of concentrations of the metals singly and in equimolar binary concentrations. Speciation analysis revealed that Cu was highly complexed by glutamate or Tris resulting in Cu<sup>2+</sup> concentrations in the picomolar to nanomolar range. The concentration of Cd<sup>2+</sup> was 7.2–7.5 % of the total while Zn<sup>2+</sup> was 15 % and 21 % of the total during glutamate-malate and succinate oxidation, respectively. The concentration-effect relationships for Cu and Cd on mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> emission depended on the substrate while those for Zn were similar during glutamate-malate and succinate oxidation. Cu + Zn and Cu + Cd mixtures exhibited antagonistic interactions wherein Cu reduced the effects of both Cd and Zn, suggesting that Cu can mitigate oxidative distress caused by Cd or Zn. Binary combinations of the metals acted additively to reduce the rate constant and increase the half-life of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> consumption while concomitantly suppressing thioredoxin reductase and stimulating glutathione peroxidase activities. Collectively, our study indicates that binary mixtures of Cu, Zn, and Cd act additively or antagonistically to modulate H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> homeodynamics in heart mitochondria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106982
Jacqueline Bikker , Helen MacDougall-Shackleton , Leslie M. Bragg , Mark R. Servos , Bob B.M. Wong , Sigal Balshine
Pollution from regularly used substances such as pharmaceuticals, cleaning agents, and even food and beverages is an increasing problem in the environment. Caffeine, a commonly ingested stimulant, is one such contaminant that has been detected in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about how ecologically relevant concentrations of caffeine influence the morphology, behaviour, and physiology of exposed organisms. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to three caffeine treatments: a freshwater control (nominal: 0 ng/L), a low (nominal: 1,000 ng/L) and high environmentally relevant dose (nominal: 10,000 ng/L), for 35 days. We tested the learning abilities, anxiety, metabolic rates, and morphological features of exposed vs. control fish. Caffeine exposure did not affect the ability of fish to learn but did influence anxiety levels. Over the course of repeated anxiety testing, unexposed control fish visited a black square more often while fish exposed to low levels of caffeine did not, potentially indicating that these fish remained in a more anxious state. While caffeine did not impact metabolism, fish growth, or body size, it was associated with lower liver investment—although this response was only observed in our low caffeine treatment. Overall, our results suggest that even relatively low concentrations of caffeine may impact the liver size and anxiety of exposed fish, but further research is needed to assess how extended exposure to caffeine impacts fitness. Given the increase in anthropogenic contaminants in aquatic environments, it is important that we continue to investigate their effects on the organisms exposed to them.
{"title":"Impacts of caffeine on fathead minnow behaviour and physiology","authors":"Jacqueline Bikker , Helen MacDougall-Shackleton , Leslie M. Bragg , Mark R. Servos , Bob B.M. Wong , Sigal Balshine","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollution from regularly used substances such as pharmaceuticals, cleaning agents, and even food and beverages is an increasing problem in the environment. Caffeine, a commonly ingested stimulant, is one such contaminant that has been detected in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about how ecologically relevant concentrations of caffeine influence the morphology, behaviour, and physiology of exposed organisms. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed fathead minnow (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>) to three caffeine treatments: a freshwater control (nominal: 0 ng/L), a low (nominal: 1,000 ng/L) and high environmentally relevant dose (nominal: 10,000 ng/L), for 35 days. We tested the learning abilities, anxiety, metabolic rates, and morphological features of exposed vs. control fish. Caffeine exposure did not affect the ability of fish to learn but did influence anxiety levels. Over the course of repeated anxiety testing, unexposed control fish visited a black square more often while fish exposed to low levels of caffeine did not, potentially indicating that these fish remained in a more anxious state. While caffeine did not impact metabolism, fish growth, or body size, it was associated with lower liver investment—although this response was only observed in our low caffeine treatment. Overall, our results suggest that even relatively low concentrations of caffeine may impact the liver size and anxiety of exposed fish, but further research is needed to assess how extended exposure to caffeine impacts fitness. Given the increase in anthropogenic contaminants in aquatic environments, it is important that we continue to investigate their effects on the organisms exposed to them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X24001528/pdfft?md5=9b6f342058735b19268a9bfacf20fb3b&pid=1-s2.0-S0166445X24001528-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106985
Ankur Kumar , Probir Kumar Ojha , Kunal Roy
In the modern era, chemicals and their products have been used everywhere like agriculture, healthcare, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, household products, clothing industry, etc. These chemicals find their way to reach the aquatic ecosystem (directly/indirectly) and cause severe chronic and prolonged toxic effects to aquatic species which is also then translated to human beings. Prolonged and chronic toxicity data of many chemicals that are used daily is not available due to high experimentation testing costs, time investment, and the requirement of a large number of animal sacrifices. Thus, in silico approaches (e.g., QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship)) are the best alternative for chronic and prolonged toxicity predictions. The present work offers multi-endpoint (five endpoints: chronic_LOEC, prolonged_14D_LC50, prolonged_14D_NOEC, prolonged_21D_LC50, prolonged_21D_NOEC) QSAR models for addressing the prolonged and chronic aquatic toxicity of chemicals toward fish (O. latipes). The statistical results ( =0.738–0.869, =0.712–0.831, =0.618–0.731) of the developed models show that they were robust, reliable, reproducible, accurate, and predictive. Some of the features that are responsible for prolonged and chronic toxicity of chemicals towards O. latipes are as follows: the presence of substituted benzene, hydrophobicity, unsaturation, electronegativity, the presence of long-chain fragments, the presence of a greater number of atoms at conjugation, and the presence of halogen atoms. On the other hand, hydrophilicity and graph density descriptors retard the aquatic chronic and prolonged toxicity of chemicals toward O. latipes. The PPDB (pesticide properties database) and experimental and investigational classes of drugs from the DrugBank database were also screened using the developed model. Thus, these multi-endpoint models will be helpful for data-gap filling and provide a broad range of applicability. Therefore, this research will aid in the in silico QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) prediction (non-animal testing) of the prolonged and chronic toxicity of untested and new toxic chemicals/drugs/pesticides, design and development of eco-friendly, novel, and safer chemicals, and help to protect the aquatic ecosystem from exposure to toxic and hazardous chemicals.
{"title":"Safer and greener chemicals for the aquatic ecosystem: Chemometric modeling of the prolonged and chronic aquatic toxicity of chemicals on Oryzias latipes","authors":"Ankur Kumar , Probir Kumar Ojha , Kunal Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the modern era, chemicals and their products have been used everywhere like agriculture, healthcare, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, household products, clothing industry, etc. These chemicals find their way to reach the aquatic ecosystem (directly/indirectly) and cause severe chronic and prolonged toxic effects to aquatic species which is also then translated to human beings. Prolonged and chronic toxicity data of many chemicals that are used daily is not available due to high experimentation testing costs, time investment, and the requirement of a large number of animal sacrifices. Thus, in silico approaches (e.g., QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship)) are the best alternative for chronic and prolonged toxicity predictions. The present work offers multi-endpoint (five endpoints: chronic_LOEC, prolonged_14D_LC<sub>50</sub>, prolonged_14D_NOEC, prolonged_21D_LC<sub>50</sub>, prolonged_21D_NOEC) QSAR models for addressing the prolonged and chronic aquatic toxicity of chemicals toward fish (<em>O. latipes)</em>. The statistical results (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> =0.738–0.869, <span><math><msubsup><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>LOO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></math></span> =0.712–0.831, <span><math><msubsup><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>F</mi><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></math></span> =0.618–0.731) of the developed models show that they were robust, reliable, reproducible, accurate, and predictive. Some of the features that are responsible for prolonged and chronic toxicity of chemicals towards <em>O. latipes</em> are as follows: the presence of substituted benzene, hydrophobicity, unsaturation, electronegativity, the presence of long-chain fragments, the presence of a greater number of atoms at conjugation, and the presence of halogen atoms. On the other hand, hydrophilicity and graph density descriptors retard the aquatic chronic and prolonged toxicity of chemicals toward <em>O. latipes</em>. The PPDB (pesticide properties database) and experimental and investigational classes of drugs from the DrugBank database were also screened using the developed model. Thus, these multi-endpoint models will be helpful for data-gap filling and provide a broad range of applicability. Therefore, this research will aid in the in silico QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) prediction (non-animal testing) of the prolonged and chronic toxicity of untested and new toxic chemicals/drugs/pesticides, design and development of eco-friendly, novel, and safer chemicals, and help to protect the aquatic ecosystem from exposure to toxic and hazardous chemicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}