The yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based mixed potential gas sensor represents a promising platform for portable acetone detection systems, owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity. However, the practical deployment of these systems is hindered by sensor output drift, circuit noise, and signal fluctuations caused by variations in operating temperature and ambient humidity. To address these challenges, we developed GT-KANet, a novel hybrid deep-learning algorithm designed for robust temperature−humidity compensation and accurate acetone concentration prediction. The GT-KANet architecture integrates Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks for initial temporal feature extraction, transformer layers enhanced with ContraNorm to mitigate oversmoothing during deep feature learning, and a Kolmogorov−Arnold Network (KAN) module for final concentration prediction. Trained on a comprehensive dataset acquired from our independently developed YSZ sensor under controlled conditions, the proposed GT-KANet achieved exceptional predictive accuracy (RMSE = 0.0920 ppm, MAE = 0.0542 ppm) across varying operating temperatures, ambient humidity, and gas concentrations, demonstrating excellent stability and adaptability. Furthermore, by leveraging knowledge distillation, we achieved a 55% reduction in the model’s parameter size while maintaining exceptional prediction accuracy, significantly enhancing its feasibility for deployment on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A detailed comparative analysis during development systematically validated the efficacy of each module in boosting prediction accuracy. This work offers a competitive approach for temperature and humidity compensation using YSZ-based acetone sensors, demonstrating excellent application potential in rigorous detection scenarios.
基于钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）的混合电位气体传感器具有较高的灵敏度和选择性，是一种很有前途的便携式丙酮检测系统平台。然而，这些系统的实际部署受到传感器输出漂移、电路噪声以及由工作温度和环境湿度变化引起的信号波动的阻碍。为了解决这些挑战，我们开发了GT-KANet，这是一种新型的混合深度学习算法，旨在实现稳健的温度-湿度补偿和准确的丙酮浓度预测。GT-KANet架构集成了用于初始时间特征提取的门控循环单元（GRU）网络，增强了contransform的变压器层，以减轻深度特征学习期间的过平滑，以及用于最终浓度预测的Kolmogorov - Arnold网络（KAN）模块。在受控条件下，根据独立开发的YSZ传感器获得的综合数据集进行训练，所提出的GT-KANet在不同的工作温度、环境湿度和气体浓度下实现了卓越的预测精度（RMSE = 0.0920 ppm, MAE = 0.0542 ppm），表现出出色的稳定性和适应性。此外，通过利用知识蒸馏，我们将模型的参数大小减少了55%，同时保持了出色的预测准确性，显著提高了其在资源受限的嵌入式平台上部署的可行性。在开发过程中进行了详细的对比分析，系统地验证了各个模块在提高预测精度方面的有效性。这项工作为使用基于ysz的丙酮传感器进行温度和湿度补偿提供了一种有竞争力的方法，在严格的检测场景中展示了出色的应用潜力。
{"title":"GT-KANet: Robust Acetone Prediction for the Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia-Based Mixed Potential Type Sensor","authors":"Qi Pu,Menglin Zhou,Daping Chen,Jing Wang,Bin Wang,Xiaolong Hu,Peng Sun,Qingrun Li,Liang Zhu,Fangmeng Liu,Geyu Lu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03099","url":null,"abstract":"The yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based mixed potential gas sensor represents a promising platform for portable acetone detection systems, owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity. However, the practical deployment of these systems is hindered by sensor output drift, circuit noise, and signal fluctuations caused by variations in operating temperature and ambient humidity. To address these challenges, we developed GT-KANet, a novel hybrid deep-learning algorithm designed for robust temperature−humidity compensation and accurate acetone concentration prediction. The GT-KANet architecture integrates Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks for initial temporal feature extraction, transformer layers enhanced with ContraNorm to mitigate oversmoothing during deep feature learning, and a Kolmogorov−Arnold Network (KAN) module for final concentration prediction. Trained on a comprehensive dataset acquired from our independently developed YSZ sensor under controlled conditions, the proposed GT-KANet achieved exceptional predictive accuracy (RMSE = 0.0920 ppm, MAE = 0.0542 ppm) across varying operating temperatures, ambient humidity, and gas concentrations, demonstrating excellent stability and adaptability. Furthermore, by leveraging knowledge distillation, we achieved a 55% reduction in the model’s parameter size while maintaining exceptional prediction accuracy, significantly enhancing its feasibility for deployment on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A detailed comparative analysis during development systematically validated the efficacy of each module in boosting prediction accuracy. This work offers a competitive approach for temperature and humidity compensation using YSZ-based acetone sensors, demonstrating excellent application potential in rigorous detection scenarios.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c04659
Min Chen,Mengya Li,Guixiang Wang,Rui Han,Zhengya Wang,Mingjing Zou,Hongrun Cui,Xiliang Luo
Nonspecific adsorption remains a persistent obstacle in biosensing applications, as it adversely impacts key performance indicators of biosensors such as sensitivity, specificity, and operational stability. Although conventional antifouling peptides have achieved much success, their practical utility is often constrained by susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis as natural enzymes exist in biological fluids. Herein, a robust nonfouling biosensor is proposed based on a newly designed peptide (δ-P) with both antifouling, antienzymatic degradation and recognition capabilities, functionalized with a δ-L-lysinyl-L-glutamic acid dimer. Crucially, the antifouling domain of the peptide is composed of a δ-L-lysinyl-L-glutamic acid dimer (glutamic acid with the lysine side chain), and the recognition domain specific for the protein ANXA1 is composed of D-type amino acids, and both of them are capable of resisting enzymatic degradation. Two types of proteases (alkaline protease and trypsin), which represent less site-specific and site-specific cleavage proteases, respectively, were tested to illustrate proteolysis. Taking advantages of the designed peptide, a highly sensitive and low-fouling electrochemical biosensor (with a linear range of 0.001−1000 ng mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.32 pg mL−1), capable of assaying protein ANXA1 in human sera, was prepared by attaching the peptide onto the electrode modified with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-sodium alginate (PEDOT@SA) film and gold nanoparticles. More interestingly, the biosensor showed satisfactory accuracy for the detection of ANXA1 in undiluted clinical serum samples (verified by the ELISA method). It is anticipated that the peptide designing strategy presented in this work can be easily extended to the development of various robust antifouling biosensors capable of assaying targets in complex biological environments.
{"title":"Design of δ-L-Lysinyl-L-glutamic Acid Dimer-Functionalized Peptides with Antifouling and Antienzymatic Degradation Capabilities for Robust Electrochemical Sensing of Proteins in Undiluted Clinical Sera","authors":"Min Chen,Mengya Li,Guixiang Wang,Rui Han,Zhengya Wang,Mingjing Zou,Hongrun Cui,Xiliang Luo","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c04659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c04659","url":null,"abstract":"Nonspecific adsorption remains a persistent obstacle in biosensing applications, as it adversely impacts key performance indicators of biosensors such as sensitivity, specificity, and operational stability. Although conventional antifouling peptides have achieved much success, their practical utility is often constrained by susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis as natural enzymes exist in biological fluids. Herein, a robust nonfouling biosensor is proposed based on a newly designed peptide (δ-P) with both antifouling, antienzymatic degradation and recognition capabilities, functionalized with a δ-L-lysinyl-L-glutamic acid dimer. Crucially, the antifouling domain of the peptide is composed of a δ-L-lysinyl-L-glutamic acid dimer (glutamic acid with the lysine side chain), and the recognition domain specific for the protein ANXA1 is composed of D-type amino acids, and both of them are capable of resisting enzymatic degradation. Two types of proteases (alkaline protease and trypsin), which represent less site-specific and site-specific cleavage proteases, respectively, were tested to illustrate proteolysis. Taking advantages of the designed peptide, a highly sensitive and low-fouling electrochemical biosensor (with a linear range of 0.001−1000 ng mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.32 pg mL−1), capable of assaying protein ANXA1 in human sera, was prepared by attaching the peptide onto the electrode modified with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-sodium alginate (PEDOT@SA) film and gold nanoparticles. More interestingly, the biosensor showed satisfactory accuracy for the detection of ANXA1 in undiluted clinical serum samples (verified by the ELISA method). It is anticipated that the peptide designing strategy presented in this work can be easily extended to the development of various robust antifouling biosensors capable of assaying targets in complex biological environments.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensors usually suffer from limited sensitivity and sluggish recovery at ppb levels due to the intrinsic interlayer restacking and poor out-of-plane charge transport. Herein, TiO2 nanotubular arrays (NTAs) acting as a scaffold were applied to grown 2D highly dispersed curved BiOBr nanosheets to form heterojunctions, thereby achieving full surface utilization in gaseous sensing reactions. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy verified the presence of three types of defects (VO, VBr, and VBrBiBr) in the as-formed BiOBr nanosheets; Monte Carlo simulations further revealed that these curved nanosheets exhibited a substantially increased target collision frequency and higher adsorption probability compared to planar structures. Using gaseous NO2 molecules as the model target, the interface−defect−morphology synergistic effect enabled the resulting BiOBr/TiO2 NTA composite to exhibit high activity in NO2 sensing reactions even at room temperature, with a detection linear range from 1 ppb to 10 ppm (LOD = 0.12 ppb), sensitive response, excellent selectivity, satisfactory humidity tolerance, and superior operational stability (>60 days). In situ Raman analysis demonstrated that vacancy-mediated NO2 adsorption contributed to the excellent sensing performance, which was further confirmed by strong NO2 adsorption energy (−2.553 eV) and midgap defect state-triggered efficient charge transfer. This work not only provides an effective route for designing gas sensing materials but also paves a new way for preparing 2D materials with abundant active surfaces for catalytic applications.
{"title":"Interface−Defect−Morphology Multivariable Engineering of Two-Dimensional BiOBr Nanosheets on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for ppb-Level NO2 Detection at Room Temperature","authors":"Yahui Cai,Yue Zhang,Jilong Zheng,Rongyang Kou,Zhida Gao,Yan-Yan Song,Chenxi Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03826","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensors usually suffer from limited sensitivity and sluggish recovery at ppb levels due to the intrinsic interlayer restacking and poor out-of-plane charge transport. Herein, TiO2 nanotubular arrays (NTAs) acting as a scaffold were applied to grown 2D highly dispersed curved BiOBr nanosheets to form heterojunctions, thereby achieving full surface utilization in gaseous sensing reactions. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy verified the presence of three types of defects (VO, VBr, and VBrBiBr) in the as-formed BiOBr nanosheets; Monte Carlo simulations further revealed that these curved nanosheets exhibited a substantially increased target collision frequency and higher adsorption probability compared to planar structures. Using gaseous NO2 molecules as the model target, the interface−defect−morphology synergistic effect enabled the resulting BiOBr/TiO2 NTA composite to exhibit high activity in NO2 sensing reactions even at room temperature, with a detection linear range from 1 ppb to 10 ppm (LOD = 0.12 ppb), sensitive response, excellent selectivity, satisfactory humidity tolerance, and superior operational stability (>60 days). In situ Raman analysis demonstrated that vacancy-mediated NO2 adsorption contributed to the excellent sensing performance, which was further confirmed by strong NO2 adsorption energy (−2.553 eV) and midgap defect state-triggered efficient charge transfer. This work not only provides an effective route for designing gas sensing materials but also paves a new way for preparing 2D materials with abundant active surfaces for catalytic applications.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single-fiber photoacoustic (PA) gas sensing probes have been proven to have the characteristics of miniaturization, telemetry, and high sensitivity in situ detection. However, cantilever beams and diaphragms create an air damping effect and have mechanical miniaturization limitations, which hinder further improvement of the acoustic sensitivity. The double enhancement of PA excitation and detection based on microcavity multiple light reflection and ultrasensitive acoustic detection is applied to miniature single-fiber PA gas sensors to improve gas detection sensitivity. To leverage the high sensitivity of silicon cantilever beams, the embedded single-fiber novel structure design with an enlarged inner cavity reduces air damping at the resonance. The novel simple structure is characterized by inserting an optical fiber into a gold-plated PA microcavity to form a miniature optical cage, which amplifies local PA waves. The effects of inner cavity volume on the acoustic sensitivity of silicon cantilever beams and the Fabry−Perot (F-P) cavity length limitation based on the white-light interferometric demodulation method are analyzed by theory and simulation. The experimental results show a sensitivity of 3115 nm/Pa, achieving an 81 ppb methane detection limit with a 60 s integration time. The gas detection system exhibits 20 s response time and achieves a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 5.7 × 10−9 cm−1 W/Hz1/2, establishing superior performance metrics for ultra-compact PA gas sensors.
{"title":"Embedded Single-Fiber Gas Sensor with Dual Enhancement of Photoacoustic Excitation and Detection","authors":"Yufu Xu,Xinyu Zhao,Chenxi Li,Yajie Zhang,Min Guo,Hongchao Qi,Wei Peng,Ke Chen","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03790","url":null,"abstract":"Single-fiber photoacoustic (PA) gas sensing probes have been proven to have the characteristics of miniaturization, telemetry, and high sensitivity in situ detection. However, cantilever beams and diaphragms create an air damping effect and have mechanical miniaturization limitations, which hinder further improvement of the acoustic sensitivity. The double enhancement of PA excitation and detection based on microcavity multiple light reflection and ultrasensitive acoustic detection is applied to miniature single-fiber PA gas sensors to improve gas detection sensitivity. To leverage the high sensitivity of silicon cantilever beams, the embedded single-fiber novel structure design with an enlarged inner cavity reduces air damping at the resonance. The novel simple structure is characterized by inserting an optical fiber into a gold-plated PA microcavity to form a miniature optical cage, which amplifies local PA waves. The effects of inner cavity volume on the acoustic sensitivity of silicon cantilever beams and the Fabry−Perot (F-P) cavity length limitation based on the white-light interferometric demodulation method are analyzed by theory and simulation. The experimental results show a sensitivity of 3115 nm/Pa, achieving an 81 ppb methane detection limit with a 60 s integration time. The gas detection system exhibits 20 s response time and achieves a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 5.7 × 10−9 cm−1 W/Hz1/2, establishing superior performance metrics for ultra-compact PA gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02661
Kun Chen,Jingying Xu,Zhaohui Zhou,Jialin Li,Zhaogang Tang,Yige Liu,Chang Zhou,Rui Li,Yuxin Wei,Wei Sun,Xinghua Hong
Silk fabric electronic skins (E-skins) enable a more natural and delicate interactive experience for smart devices. However, achieving precise structural design, interfacial stability, and skin-like functionality often requires intricate manufacturing processes and sophisticated equipment. Herein, a mass-produced, highly flexible texture-programmed silk fabric E-skin is developed by employing an advanced jacquard process coupled with a polyphenol coordination-mediated deposition strategy. The E-skin features broad strain-sensing capabilities, enabling it to monitor both light and heavy rhythmic vibration signals, facilitate information interaction via Morse code, and exhibit a fast response time of 60 ms. In addition, this E-skin possesses multimodal information sensing capabilities and can accurately identify objects with varying surface roughness (10−90 μm) and hardness (2.0 HA−42.7 HD). Notably, by utilizing machine learning algorithms, it can specifically differentiate between four fabrics that have the same raw materials and weaving density but differ in micron-scale circular structures (accuracy > 95%). Overall, the texture-programmed silk E-skin offers advanced multimodal sensing for health monitoring, motion tracking, and tactile sensing.
真丝织物电子皮肤（e -skin）为智能设备带来更加自然细腻的交互体验。然而，要实现精确的结构设计、界面稳定性和类似皮肤的功能，通常需要复杂的制造工艺和精密的设备。本文采用先进的提花工艺和多酚配位介导的沉积策略，开发了一种量产的、高度柔性的纹理编程真丝织物E-skin。E-skin具有广泛的应变传感能力，使其能够监测轻和重节奏振动信号，通过莫尔斯电码促进信息交互，并表现出60毫秒的快速响应时间。此外，该电子皮肤具有多模态信息传感能力，可以准确识别不同表面粗糙度（10 ~ 90 μm）和硬度（2.0 HA ~ 42.7 HD）的物体。值得注意的是，通过利用机器学习算法，它可以明确区分具有相同原材料和编织密度但在微米级圆形结构上不同的四种织物（精度> 95%）。总的来说，纹理编程的丝绸电子皮肤提供了先进的多模态感应健康监测，运动跟踪和触觉感应。
{"title":"Silk Fabric E-Skin with Bioinspired Fingerprint Design Enabled by a Mixed-Dimensional Assembly Strategy","authors":"Kun Chen,Jingying Xu,Zhaohui Zhou,Jialin Li,Zhaogang Tang,Yige Liu,Chang Zhou,Rui Li,Yuxin Wei,Wei Sun,Xinghua Hong","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c02661","url":null,"abstract":"Silk fabric electronic skins (E-skins) enable a more natural and delicate interactive experience for smart devices. However, achieving precise structural design, interfacial stability, and skin-like functionality often requires intricate manufacturing processes and sophisticated equipment. Herein, a mass-produced, highly flexible texture-programmed silk fabric E-skin is developed by employing an advanced jacquard process coupled with a polyphenol coordination-mediated deposition strategy. The E-skin features broad strain-sensing capabilities, enabling it to monitor both light and heavy rhythmic vibration signals, facilitate information interaction via Morse code, and exhibit a fast response time of 60 ms. In addition, this E-skin possesses multimodal information sensing capabilities and can accurately identify objects with varying surface roughness (10−90 μm) and hardness (2.0 HA−42.7 HD). Notably, by utilizing machine learning algorithms, it can specifically differentiate between four fabrics that have the same raw materials and weaving density but differ in micron-scale circular structures (accuracy > 95%). Overall, the texture-programmed silk E-skin offers advanced multimodal sensing for health monitoring, motion tracking, and tactile sensing.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03454
Ting Xie, Huan Luo, Chenglin An, Jiangtao Wu, Chenggang Xu
The development of a high-performance formaldehyde gas sensor is essential for protecting human health and monitoring environmental quality. Beyond conventional chemical modification strategies, the inherent magnetoelectric coupling effect of multiferroic materials offers another promising approach, even though magnetic fields have not conventionally been considered as direct triggers for the sensing processes. In this study, we demonstrate that gas sensors fabricated with 5% samarium (Sm)-doped BiFeO3 exhibit a distinctive butterfly-hysteretic magnetic field-dependent response behavior toward formaldehyde. Under an external magnetic field of 100 mT, the detection limit decreased from 90 to 50 ppb, the overall response kinetics accelerated by 207%, and the gas response to 20 ppm formaldehyde increased by 161%. These enhancements are attributed to magnetic field-generated surface polarization and domain wall motion resulting from the intrinsic magnetoelectric effect. This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of high-performance gas sensors and expands the application potential of multiferroics and magnetoelectric materials.
{"title":"Magnetic Field Modulates Butterfly-Hysteretic Formaldehyde Response in Sm-Doped BiFeO3 Sensors","authors":"Ting Xie, Huan Luo, Chenglin An, Jiangtao Wu, Chenggang Xu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03454","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a high-performance formaldehyde gas sensor is essential for protecting human health and monitoring environmental quality. Beyond conventional chemical modification strategies, the inherent magnetoelectric coupling effect of multiferroic materials offers another promising approach, even though magnetic fields have not conventionally been considered as direct triggers for the sensing processes. In this study, we demonstrate that gas sensors fabricated with 5% samarium (Sm)-doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> exhibit a distinctive butterfly-hysteretic magnetic field-dependent response behavior toward formaldehyde. Under an external magnetic field of 100 mT, the detection limit decreased from 90 to 50 ppb, the overall response kinetics accelerated by 207%, and the gas response to 20 ppm formaldehyde increased by 161%. These enhancements are attributed to magnetic field-generated surface polarization and domain wall motion resulting from the intrinsic magnetoelectric effect. This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of high-performance gas sensors and expands the application potential of multiferroics and magnetoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03531
Chunjin Dong, Shixiang Sun, Yueying Zhang, Yong Liu, Bin Wang, Jing Wang, Peng Sun, Fangmeng Liu, Geyu Lu
Simultaneous respiration and motion monitoring is essential for self-management of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), enabling feedback-driven exercise therapy and symptom alleviation. However, current home-based systems lack integrated sensing and require external power, limiting personalized rehabilitation. Here, we develop a dual-functional, self-powered sensor system integrating n-type conducting polymer poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO)-based humidity and pressure sensors for concurrent respiration and motion tracking. The humidity sensor employs a localized surface dipole disruption mechanism. Specifically, the weak hydrophilicity of PBFDO confines water interactions to the surface, while its doped π-conjugated skeleton ensures efficient lateral charge transport. Adsorbed water forms local dipoles that scatter carriers, disrupt π–π conduction, and increase resistance. This enables simultaneous achievement of low hysteresis (4.5% RH), high resolution (1%), fast response/recovery (30 s), and a wide linear detection range (11–98% RH), ensuring precise respiratory monitoring. Simultaneously, PBFDO serves as an effective filler in triboelectric self-powered pressure sensors. Its π–π stacking and lamellar ordering enhance interfacial charge transfer and mechanical robustness, achieving a high voltage (160 V), power density (125 mW/m2), and <2.5% output deviation over 2000 cycles. Notably, harvested biomechanical energy directly powers the humidity sensor, enabling continuous and compact operation. This IoT-integrated system offers a scalable self-management solution for long-term SAS rehabilitation.
{"title":"Self-Powered Wireless System for Sleep Apnea Syndrome Self-Management Using π-Conjugated Poly(benzodifurandione)-Based Low-Hysteresis Humidity Sensors and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors","authors":"Chunjin Dong, Shixiang Sun, Yueying Zhang, Yong Liu, Bin Wang, Jing Wang, Peng Sun, Fangmeng Liu, Geyu Lu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03531","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous respiration and motion monitoring is essential for self-management of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), enabling feedback-driven exercise therapy and symptom alleviation. However, current home-based systems lack integrated sensing and require external power, limiting personalized rehabilitation. Here, we develop a dual-functional, self-powered sensor system integrating n-type conducting polymer poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO)-based humidity and pressure sensors for concurrent respiration and motion tracking. The humidity sensor employs a localized surface dipole disruption mechanism. Specifically, the weak hydrophilicity of PBFDO confines water interactions to the surface, while its doped π-conjugated skeleton ensures efficient lateral charge transport. Adsorbed water forms local dipoles that scatter carriers, disrupt π–π conduction, and increase resistance. This enables simultaneous achievement of low hysteresis (4.5% RH), high resolution (1%), fast response/recovery (30 s), and a wide linear detection range (11–98% RH), ensuring precise respiratory monitoring. Simultaneously, PBFDO serves as an effective filler in triboelectric self-powered pressure sensors. Its π–π stacking and lamellar ordering enhance interfacial charge transfer and mechanical robustness, achieving a high voltage (160 V), power density (125 mW/m<sup>2</sup>), and <2.5% output deviation over 2000 cycles. Notably, harvested biomechanical energy directly powers the humidity sensor, enabling continuous and compact operation. This IoT-integrated system offers a scalable self-management solution for long-term SAS rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02698
Zhi-Fan Zhang,Xiao-Bin Ye,Jia Wang,Wen Ye,Jing-Hui He
Conductive metallophthalocyanine (MPc)-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) synthesized via solid-state reactions provide a novel platform for high-performance gas sensing under real-world conditions. Among the series developed, PdPc exhibits exceptional chemiresistive properties for room-temperature NO2 detection, achieving a low experimental detection limit of 70 ppb, with long-term stability and outstanding selectivity. Notably, the PdPc sensor demonstrates higher response levels and prominent reversibility in high-humidity environments (≥54% RH), surpassing conventional metal oxide sensors. This enhanced performance is attributed to the material’s intrinsic hydrophilicity and well-defined metal active sites, which promote proton conduction via hydrogen-bond networks under humidity conditions. Density functional theory calculations reveal strong binding affinity and significant charge transfer between PdPc and NO2, underpinning its high sensitivity and selectivity. This work introduces a generalizable strategy for designing humidity-tolerant, conductive COF sensors, establishing a new benchmark for reliable NO2 detection in challenging environments.
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Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03681
Hexin Li,Li Jiang,Huiwen Ren
Flexible pressure sensors play a key role in fields such as health monitoring, smart wearables, environmental sensing, and human−computer interaction. These applications require sensors capable of accurately detecting a wide range of signals across diverse scenarios. However, achieving both high sensitivity and good linearity across a wide pressure range remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the limited compressibility of conventional sensor materials and structures. Herein, we report iontronic pressure sensors based on hollow microstructures. The hollow microstructure effectively enhances the compressibility of the dielectric layer, yielding a high sensitivity (131.1−3364.1 kPa−1) over a wide pressure range (2000 kPa). Moreover, by designing programmable gradient hollow microstructures, we simultaneously achieve high sensitivity (626.9 kPa−1) and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.998) over a wide pressure range (620 kPa). These resulting sensors exhibit ultrahigh pressure resolution (>0.004%) over the full pressure range. These sensors are capable of detecting a variety of signals, including pulse, swallowing, muscle movement, and bending, and can be applied to applications across varied pressure ranges. This demonstrates their substantial potential for applications in health monitoring and human−computer interaction. The proposed design strategy is generalizable and is expected to enhance the performance of sensors based on different sensing mechanisms.
{"title":"Hollow Microstructure-Based Iontronic Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and High Linearity over a Broad Range","authors":"Hexin Li,Li Jiang,Huiwen Ren","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03681","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible pressure sensors play a key role in fields such as health monitoring, smart wearables, environmental sensing, and human−computer interaction. These applications require sensors capable of accurately detecting a wide range of signals across diverse scenarios. However, achieving both high sensitivity and good linearity across a wide pressure range remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the limited compressibility of conventional sensor materials and structures. Herein, we report iontronic pressure sensors based on hollow microstructures. The hollow microstructure effectively enhances the compressibility of the dielectric layer, yielding a high sensitivity (131.1−3364.1 kPa−1) over a wide pressure range (2000 kPa). Moreover, by designing programmable gradient hollow microstructures, we simultaneously achieve high sensitivity (626.9 kPa−1) and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.998) over a wide pressure range (620 kPa). These resulting sensors exhibit ultrahigh pressure resolution (>0.004%) over the full pressure range. These sensors are capable of detecting a variety of signals, including pulse, swallowing, muscle movement, and bending, and can be applied to applications across varied pressure ranges. This demonstrates their substantial potential for applications in health monitoring and human−computer interaction. The proposed design strategy is generalizable and is expected to enhance the performance of sensors based on different sensing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03325
Dennis Botman,Annemoon Tielman,Joachim Goedhart,Bas Teusink
Glucose is an important substrate for organisms to acquire energy needed for cellular growth. Despite the importance of this metabolite, single-cell information at a fast time-scale about the dynamics of intracellular glucose levels is difficult to obtain as the current available sensors have drawbacks in terms of pH sensitivity or unmatched glucose affinity. To address this, we developed a convenient method to create and screen biosensor libraries using yeast as a workhorse. This resulted in TINGL (Turquoise INdicator for GLucose), a robust and specific biosensor with an affinity that is compatible with intracellular glucose detection. We show that the sensor can be calibrated in vivo (i.e., intracellular) through equilibration of internal and external glucose in a yeast mutant unable to phosphorylate glucose. Using this method, we estimated dynamic glucose levels in budding yeast during transitions to glucose. We found that glucose concentrations reached levels up to approximately 1 mM as previously determined biochemically. Furthermore, the sensor showed that intracellular glucose dynamics differ based on whether cells are glucose-repressed or not. Finally, the human codon-optimized version (THINGL, Turquoise Human INdicator for GLucose) also showed a robust response after glucose addition to starved human cells, showing the versatility of the sensors. We believe that this sensor can aid researchers interested in cellular carbohydrate metabolism.
葡萄糖是生物体获取细胞生长所需能量的重要底物。尽管这种代谢物很重要，但由于目前可用的传感器在pH敏感性或无与伦比的葡萄糖亲和力方面存在缺陷，因此很难获得关于细胞内葡萄糖水平动态的快速时间尺度的单细胞信息。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种方便的方法来创建和筛选生物传感器库，使用酵母作为主力。这就产生了TINGL (Turquoise INdicator for GLucose)，这是一种强大而特异的生物传感器，具有与细胞内葡萄糖检测兼容的亲和力。我们表明，该传感器可以在体内（即细胞内）校准，通过平衡内部和外部葡萄糖在酵母突变体不能磷酸化葡萄糖。使用这种方法，我们估计动态葡萄糖水平在芽殖酵母过渡到葡萄糖。我们发现葡萄糖浓度达到了大约1mm的水平，这是之前生物化学测定的。此外，该传感器显示，细胞内葡萄糖动力学根据细胞是否葡萄糖抑制而不同。最后，人类密码子优化版本（THINGL, Turquoise human INdicator for GLucose）在向饥饿的人类细胞添加葡萄糖后也显示出强劲的反应，显示了传感器的多功能性。我们相信这种传感器可以帮助研究人员对细胞碳水化合物代谢感兴趣。
{"title":"An mTurquoise2-Based Glucose Biosensor","authors":"Dennis Botman,Annemoon Tielman,Joachim Goedhart,Bas Teusink","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c03325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c03325","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose is an important substrate for organisms to acquire energy needed for cellular growth. Despite the importance of this metabolite, single-cell information at a fast time-scale about the dynamics of intracellular glucose levels is difficult to obtain as the current available sensors have drawbacks in terms of pH sensitivity or unmatched glucose affinity. To address this, we developed a convenient method to create and screen biosensor libraries using yeast as a workhorse. This resulted in TINGL (Turquoise INdicator for GLucose), a robust and specific biosensor with an affinity that is compatible with intracellular glucose detection. We show that the sensor can be calibrated in vivo (i.e., intracellular) through equilibration of internal and external glucose in a yeast mutant unable to phosphorylate glucose. Using this method, we estimated dynamic glucose levels in budding yeast during transitions to glucose. We found that glucose concentrations reached levels up to approximately 1 mM as previously determined biochemically. Furthermore, the sensor showed that intracellular glucose dynamics differ based on whether cells are glucose-repressed or not. Finally, the human codon-optimized version (THINGL, Turquoise Human INdicator for GLucose) also showed a robust response after glucose addition to starved human cells, showing the versatility of the sensors. We believe that this sensor can aid researchers interested in cellular carbohydrate metabolism.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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