Sijie Liu, Le Zhou, Tingjun Zhong, Xin Wu, Kristiaan Neyts
This review introduces solid electrolytes based on sulfide/polymer composites which are used in all-solid-state lithium batteries, describing the use of polymers as plasticizer, the lithium-ion conductive channel, the preparation methods of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including dry methods and wet methods with their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the physicochemical stability of sulfide/polymer composite based solid-state electrolytes is analyzed. The sulfide/polymer composite based solid-state electrolyte can be utilized in lithium metal or lithium sulfur batteries. However, there are still many problems left to be solved in practical applications of these solid-state electrolytes. In this review, several solutions are explored. Firstly, the ultra-long life cycle of batteries can be achieved by thinning the composite electrolyte. Secondly, when sulfur is applied as the positive electrode, the thinning electrolyte can reduce polarization and other problems. Finally, an integrated battery is employed to reduce the interface impedance. By addressing these aspects, the review aims to provide valuable insights into the future development of high-performance solid-state electrolytes in lithium battery technology.
{"title":"Sulfide/Polymer Composite Solid-State Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries","authors":"Sijie Liu, Le Zhou, Tingjun Zhong, Xin Wu, Kristiaan Neyts","doi":"10.1002/aenm.202403602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202403602","url":null,"abstract":"This review introduces solid electrolytes based on sulfide/polymer composites which are used in all-solid-state lithium batteries, describing the use of polymers as plasticizer, the lithium-ion conductive channel, the preparation methods of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including dry methods and wet methods with their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the physicochemical stability of sulfide/polymer composite based solid-state electrolytes is analyzed. The sulfide/polymer composite based solid-state electrolyte can be utilized in lithium metal or lithium sulfur batteries. However, there are still many problems left to be solved in practical applications of these solid-state electrolytes. In this review, several solutions are explored. Firstly, the ultra-long life cycle of batteries can be achieved by thinning the composite electrolyte. Secondly, when sulfur is applied as the positive electrode, the thinning electrolyte can reduce polarization and other problems. Finally, an integrated battery is employed to reduce the interface impedance. By addressing these aspects, the review aims to provide valuable insights into the future development of high-performance solid-state electrolytes in lithium battery technology.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4707
Micheal Sandbank, James E Pustejovsky
{"title":"Evidence That Intervention Dosage Is Associated With Better Outcomes in Autism-Reply.","authors":"Micheal Sandbank, James E Pustejovsky","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4438
Gabriel Tse, Aydin Zahedivash, Arash Anoshiravani, Jennifer Carlson, William Haberkorn, Keith E Morse
{"title":"Large Language Model Responses to Adolescent Patient and Proxy Messages.","authors":"Gabriel Tse, Aydin Zahedivash, Arash Anoshiravani, Jennifer Carlson, William Haberkorn, Keith E Morse","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4438","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00280-8
{"title":"Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2024; published Oct 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00229-8.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00280-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00280-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4361
Susanna Tall, Suvi M Virtanen, Mikael Knip
Importance: A meta-analysis published in 2001 suggested that exposure to infections measured by day care attendance may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Several new studies on the topic have since been published.
Objective: To investigate the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes and to include all available literature up to March 10, 2024.
Data sources: Data from PubMed and Web of Science were used and supplemented by bibliographies of the retrieved articles and searched for studies assessing the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes.
Study selection: Studies that reported a measure of association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes were included.
Data extraction and synthesis: Details, including exposure and outcome assessment and adjustment for confounders, were extracted from the included studies. The multivariable association with the highest number of covariates, lowest number of covariates, and unadjusted estimates and corresponding 95% CIs were extracted. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analyses were performed and yielded conservative confidence intervals around relative risks.
Main outcomes and measures: The principal association measure was day care attendance vs no day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes.
Results: Seventeen articles including 22 observational studies of 100 575 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the participants, 3693 had type 1 diabetes and 96 882 were controls. An inverse association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes was found (combined odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.79; P < .001; adjusted for all available confounders). When the 3 cohort studies included were analyzed separately, the risk of type 1 diabetes was 15% lower in the group attending day care; however, the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.12; P = .37).
Conclusions and relevance: These results demonstrated that day care attendance appears to be associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes. Increased contacts with microbes in children attending day care compared with children who do not attend day care may explain these findings. However, further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the proposed association.
{"title":"Day Care Attendance and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.","authors":"Susanna Tall, Suvi M Virtanen, Mikael Knip","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4361","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>A meta-analysis published in 2001 suggested that exposure to infections measured by day care attendance may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Several new studies on the topic have since been published.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes and to include all available literature up to March 10, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Data from PubMed and Web of Science were used and supplemented by bibliographies of the retrieved articles and searched for studies assessing the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies that reported a measure of association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Details, including exposure and outcome assessment and adjustment for confounders, were extracted from the included studies. The multivariable association with the highest number of covariates, lowest number of covariates, and unadjusted estimates and corresponding 95% CIs were extracted. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analyses were performed and yielded conservative confidence intervals around relative risks.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The principal association measure was day care attendance vs no day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen articles including 22 observational studies of 100 575 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the participants, 3693 had type 1 diabetes and 96 882 were controls. An inverse association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes was found (combined odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.79; P < .001; adjusted for all available confounders). When the 3 cohort studies included were analyzed separately, the risk of type 1 diabetes was 15% lower in the group attending day care; however, the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.12; P = .37).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These results demonstrated that day care attendance appears to be associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes. Increased contacts with microbes in children attending day care compared with children who do not attend day care may explain these findings. However, further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the proposed association.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4368
Yaxing Meng, James E Sharman, Fiia Iiskala, Feitong Wu, Markus Juonala, Katja Pahkala, Suvi P Rovio, Brooklyn J Fraser, Rebecca K Kelly, Nina Hutri, Mika Kähönen, Tomi Laitinen, Antti Jula, Jorma S A Viikari, Olli T Raitakari, Costan G Magnussen
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Despite its relevance for pediatric blood pressure (BP) screening, the long-term predictive utility and natural progression of pediatric BP classification remain understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate BP tracking from childhood to midadulthood using the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) thresholds and estimate transition probabilities among BP classifications over time considering multiple time points.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>The analyses were performed in 2023 using data gathered from September 1980 to August 2018 within the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Participants had BP examined 9 times over 38 years, from childhood (aged 6-12 years) or adolescence (15-18 years) to young adulthood (21-27 years), late young adulthood (30-37 years), and midadulthood (39-56 years).</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>BP classifications (normal, elevated, hypertension) were based on AAP guidelines for children and adolescents and the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for adults.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Outcomes were BP classifications at follow-up visits. Tracking coefficients were calculated using generalized estimated equations. Transition probabilities among BP classifications were estimated using multistate Markov models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 2918 participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 10.7 [5.0] years; 1553 female [53.2%]). Over 38 years, the tracking coefficient (odds ratio [OR]) for maintaining elevated BP/hypertension was 2.16 (95% CI, 1.95-2.39). Males had a higher probability than females of progressing to and maintaining hypertension and a lower probability of reverting to normal BP from childhood to midadulthood (transition probability: from normal BP to stage 2 hypertension, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.17-0.22 vs 0.08; 95% CI, 0.07-0.10; maintaining stage 2 BP, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27-0.39 vs 0.14; 95% CI, 0.09-0.21; from stage 2 hypertension to normal BP, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.26 vs 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.62. For both sexes, the probability of transitioning from adolescent hypertension to normal BP in midadulthood was lower (transition probability, ranging from 0.16; 95% CI, 0.14-0.19 to 0.44; 95% CI, 0.39-0.48) compared with childhood hypertension (transition probability, ranging from 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.26 to 0.63; 95% CI, 0.61-0.66). The probability of maintaining normal BP sharply decreased in the first 5 to 10 years, stabilizing thereafter. Children with normal BP generally maintained this status into adolescence (male: transition probability, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60-0.67; female: transition probability, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.84) but decreased by young adulthood (male: transition probability, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.39-0.44; female: transition probability, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.67-0.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Results of this cohort study reveal an e
{"title":"Tracking and Transition Probability of Blood Pressure From Childhood to Midadulthood.","authors":"Yaxing Meng, James E Sharman, Fiia Iiskala, Feitong Wu, Markus Juonala, Katja Pahkala, Suvi P Rovio, Brooklyn J Fraser, Rebecca K Kelly, Nina Hutri, Mika Kähönen, Tomi Laitinen, Antti Jula, Jorma S A Viikari, Olli T Raitakari, Costan G Magnussen","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4368","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Despite its relevance for pediatric blood pressure (BP) screening, the long-term predictive utility and natural progression of pediatric BP classification remain understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate BP tracking from childhood to midadulthood using the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) thresholds and estimate transition probabilities among BP classifications over time considering multiple time points.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>The analyses were performed in 2023 using data gathered from September 1980 to August 2018 within the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Participants had BP examined 9 times over 38 years, from childhood (aged 6-12 years) or adolescence (15-18 years) to young adulthood (21-27 years), late young adulthood (30-37 years), and midadulthood (39-56 years).</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>BP classifications (normal, elevated, hypertension) were based on AAP guidelines for children and adolescents and the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for adults.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Outcomes were BP classifications at follow-up visits. Tracking coefficients were calculated using generalized estimated equations. Transition probabilities among BP classifications were estimated using multistate Markov models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 2918 participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 10.7 [5.0] years; 1553 female [53.2%]). Over 38 years, the tracking coefficient (odds ratio [OR]) for maintaining elevated BP/hypertension was 2.16 (95% CI, 1.95-2.39). Males had a higher probability than females of progressing to and maintaining hypertension and a lower probability of reverting to normal BP from childhood to midadulthood (transition probability: from normal BP to stage 2 hypertension, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.17-0.22 vs 0.08; 95% CI, 0.07-0.10; maintaining stage 2 BP, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27-0.39 vs 0.14; 95% CI, 0.09-0.21; from stage 2 hypertension to normal BP, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.26 vs 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.62. For both sexes, the probability of transitioning from adolescent hypertension to normal BP in midadulthood was lower (transition probability, ranging from 0.16; 95% CI, 0.14-0.19 to 0.44; 95% CI, 0.39-0.48) compared with childhood hypertension (transition probability, ranging from 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.26 to 0.63; 95% CI, 0.61-0.66). The probability of maintaining normal BP sharply decreased in the first 5 to 10 years, stabilizing thereafter. Children with normal BP generally maintained this status into adolescence (male: transition probability, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60-0.67; female: transition probability, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.84) but decreased by young adulthood (male: transition probability, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.39-0.44; female: transition probability, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.67-0.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>Results of this cohort study reveal an e","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Arafat Mahmud, Jianghui Zheng, Jia-Fu Chang, Guoliang Wang, Chwenhaw Liao, Md Habibur Rahman, Walia Binte Tarique, Shi Tang, Jueming Bing, Christopher G. Bailey, Zhuofeng Li, Limei Yang, Nina Novikova, Tik Lun Leung, Hongjun Chen, Jianpeng Yi, Runmin Tao, Marko Jankovec, Stephen P. Bremner, Julie Cairney, Ashraf Uddin, Hieu T. Nguyen, Trevor Smith, Chu-Chen Chueh, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie
Perovskite whentandemed with organic photovoltaics (OPV) for double-junctions have efficiencypotentials over 40%. However, there is still room for improvement suchas better current matching, higher fill factor, as well as lower voltage and fill factor losses in the top perovskite cell. Here weaddress the issue associated with the top perovskite cell by utilising anovel halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, 1-naphthylammoniumchloride (NA─Cl) playing dual roles of surface modification for the hole selectivelayer (HSL) and passivation of HSL/perovskiteinterface. Results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functionaltheory calculations reveal that NA─Cl retains self-assembly property for the HSLwhile demonstrating high dipole moment and polarizability. This induces asurface dipole at the HSL/perovskite interface reducing the energetic barrierfor hole extraction by 210 meV thereby enhancing voltage output and fill factorof the device. Such scheme when implemented in a high bandgap (1.78 eV)perovskite solar cell, results in a respectable efficiency of 19.7% and thehighest fill factor of 85.4% amongst those of 1.78 eV perovskite cells reported.We have also achieved 23% cell efficient monolithic perovskite-OPV tandem withan impressive fill factor of 84%, which is the highest for perovskite-OPVtandem cells reported to-date.
{"title":"Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Hole Selective Layer/Perovskite Interface Modification and Passivation for Efficient Perovskite-Organic Tandem Solar Cells with Record Fill Factor","authors":"Md Arafat Mahmud, Jianghui Zheng, Jia-Fu Chang, Guoliang Wang, Chwenhaw Liao, Md Habibur Rahman, Walia Binte Tarique, Shi Tang, Jueming Bing, Christopher G. Bailey, Zhuofeng Li, Limei Yang, Nina Novikova, Tik Lun Leung, Hongjun Chen, Jianpeng Yi, Runmin Tao, Marko Jankovec, Stephen P. Bremner, Julie Cairney, Ashraf Uddin, Hieu T. Nguyen, Trevor Smith, Chu-Chen Chueh, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie","doi":"10.1002/aenm.202400691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400691","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite whentandemed with organic photovoltaics (OPV) for double-junctions have efficiencypotentials over 40%. However, there is still room for improvement suchas better current matching, higher fill factor, as well as lower voltage and fill factor losses in the top perovskite cell. Here weaddress the issue associated with the top perovskite cell by utilising anovel halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, 1-naphthylammoniumchloride (NA─Cl) playing dual roles of surface modification for the hole selectivelayer (HSL) and passivation of HSL/perovskiteinterface. Results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functionaltheory calculations reveal that NA─Cl retains self-assembly property for the HSLwhile demonstrating high dipole moment and polarizability. This induces asurface dipole at the HSL/perovskite interface reducing the energetic barrierfor hole extraction by 210 meV thereby enhancing voltage output and fill factorof the device. Such scheme when implemented in a high bandgap (1.78 eV)perovskite solar cell, results in a respectable efficiency of 19.7% and thehighest fill factor of 85.4% amongst those of 1.78 eV perovskite cells reported.We have also achieved 23% cell efficient monolithic perovskite-OPV tandem withan impressive fill factor of 84%, which is the highest for perovskite-OPVtandem cells reported to-date.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00245-6
Ruben Malmberg PharmD , Jurrien H Loosveld MD , Hans-Peter Schilte BBA , Prof Alex Burdorf PhD , Roelof W F van Leeuwen PharmD
Background
Hospitals contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions and face a moral obligation to prioritise emission reduction. Drugs constitute an important component of the greenhouse gas emissions of hospitals. Alternative dosing strategies (ADS) have been implemented to improve the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab and nivolumab. However, the impact of these ADS on greenhouse gas emissions remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the effect of ADS implementation on the carbon emissions of treatment with pembrolizumab and nivolumab.
Methods
We used a process-based lifecycle assessment to quantify the environmental impact of pembrolizumab and nivolumab, focused on equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e). Lifecycle inventory and impact data from Erasmus University Medical Center (Rotterdam, Netherlands) were used to calculate the CO2e for pembrolizumab and nivolumab, their dosing intervals, and the impact of ADS on CO2e. The functional unit of the study was the administration of a single dose of pembrolizumab or nivolumab.
Findings
In 2022, the annual carbon emissions related to pembrolizumab and nivolumab treatment in the Erasmus University Medical Center were 445 tons of CO2e, averaging 94 kg of CO2e per dose. Pharmaceutical production was the main driver of treatment-related carbon emissions (mean 92·9% of total emissions). Applying ADS resulted in 21–26% and 9–11% CO2e reductions for pembrolizumab and nivolumab, respectively.
Interpretation
This study shows the environmental impact of pembrolizumab and nivolumab treatment and calls for further implementation of ADS for pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and other anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies, and more sustainable pharmaceutical production processes. Our findings create environmental awareness and contribute to the promotion and understanding of health-care practices with lower carbon emissions.
{"title":"Effect of alternative dosing strategies of pembrolizumab and nivolumab on health-care emissions in the Netherlands: a carbon footprint analysis","authors":"Ruben Malmberg PharmD , Jurrien H Loosveld MD , Hans-Peter Schilte BBA , Prof Alex Burdorf PhD , Roelof W F van Leeuwen PharmD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00245-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00245-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hospitals contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions and face a moral obligation to prioritise emission reduction. Drugs constitute an important component of the greenhouse gas emissions of hospitals. Alternative dosing strategies (ADS) have been implemented to improve the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab and nivolumab. However, the impact of these ADS on greenhouse gas emissions remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the effect of ADS implementation on the carbon emissions of treatment with pembrolizumab and nivolumab.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a process-based lifecycle assessment to quantify the environmental impact of pembrolizumab and nivolumab, focused on equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>e). Lifecycle inventory and impact data from Erasmus University Medical Center (Rotterdam, Netherlands) were used to calculate the CO<sub>2</sub>e for pembrolizumab and nivolumab, their dosing intervals, and the impact of ADS on CO<sub>2</sub>e. The functional unit of the study was the administration of a single dose of pembrolizumab or nivolumab.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In 2022, the annual carbon emissions related to pembrolizumab and nivolumab treatment in the Erasmus University Medical Center were 445 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>e, averaging 94 kg of CO<sub>2</sub>e per dose. Pharmaceutical production was the main driver of treatment-related carbon emissions (mean 92·9% of total emissions). Applying ADS resulted in 21–26% and 9–11% CO<sub>2</sub>e reductions for pembrolizumab and nivolumab, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study shows the environmental impact of pembrolizumab and nivolumab treatment and calls for further implementation of ADS for pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and other anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies, and more sustainable pharmaceutical production processes. Our findings create environmental awareness and contribute to the promotion and understanding of health-care practices with lower carbon emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages e915-e923"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3618
John J Reilly
{"title":"Prevalence of Obesity Is Higher Than Published Estimates Suggest.","authors":"John J Reilly","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3618","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":"1232"},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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