Acetone gas sensitivity detection holds significant application value in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and health assessment. This study presents the first report on the assembly of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on the surface of hollow hexagonal Co(OH)F for efficient acetone gas detection. The fabricated sensor exhibits the ability to detect acetone at a low concentration of 200 ppb at 120 °C, demonstrating excellent moisture resistance and long-term stability. The incorporation of CQDs not only reduces the operating temperature but also enhances the gas-sensing performance of Co(OH)F, offering a simple and eco-friendly strategy for optimizing gas sensors. We systematically analyzed the synergistic effect between CQDs and Co(OH)F and their role in acetone detection. The surface functional groups of CQDs combine with the Co(OH)F surface, improving electron transfer efficiency and potentially lowering the activation energy of acetone molecule reactions through catalytic effects, enabling efficient low-temperature detection. The modification of Co(OH)F surface chemistry by CQDs strengthens the gas recognition capability. The coupling of CQDs with metal hydroxyl fluoride plays a crucial role through multiple mechanisms, providing an innovative approach for the development of high-performance gas sensors.
{"title":"Performance and Mechanism Analysis of Hexagonal Co(OH)F/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Sensor Synthesized by PVP-Assisted Method for Acetone Gas Detection","authors":"Zhijia Liao, Ninghao Chu, Yuxiang Hu, Zhenyu Yuan, Yanbai Shen, Fanli Meng","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00235","url":null,"abstract":"Acetone gas sensitivity detection holds significant application value in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and health assessment. This study presents the first report on the assembly of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on the surface of hollow hexagonal Co(OH)F for efficient acetone gas detection. The fabricated sensor exhibits the ability to detect acetone at a low concentration of 200 ppb at 120 °C, demonstrating excellent moisture resistance and long-term stability. The incorporation of CQDs not only reduces the operating temperature but also enhances the gas-sensing performance of Co(OH)F, offering a simple and eco-friendly strategy for optimizing gas sensors. We systematically analyzed the synergistic effect between CQDs and Co(OH)F and their role in acetone detection. The surface functional groups of CQDs combine with the Co(OH)F surface, improving electron transfer efficiency and potentially lowering the activation energy of acetone molecule reactions through catalytic effects, enabling efficient low-temperature detection. The modification of Co(OH)F surface chemistry by CQDs strengthens the gas recognition capability. The coupling of CQDs with metal hydroxyl fluoride plays a crucial role through multiple mechanisms, providing an innovative approach for the development of high-performance gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03702
Emily E. A. Robinson, Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy, Philippe Bühlmann
Solid contacts made of nonredox-active high-surface-area materials provide ion-selective electrodes comprising an ionophore-doped sensing membrane with a high capacitance. As emphasized in the literature, this minimizes changes in the measured potential that result from the minimal but unavoidable currents of real-life potentiometric measurements. However, as shown here for solid contacts made of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), solid contacts actively charged up over several minutes to voltages as small as ±100 mV do not hold this charge for longer than a few hours. Potential discharge occurs due to Faradaic processes and charge redistribution within the narrow confines of the SWCNT layer. The composition of the sensor membranes and atmospheric conditions have only a small impact on the kinetics of this spontaneous discharge, suggesting that redox reactions involving oxygen and the sensing membrane components do not play critical roles. Because both ion mobilities and the rate of redox reactions are expected to increase with temperature, the significant acceleration of discharge at higher temperature does not clarify whether charge redistribution or redox reactions dominate this discharge. However, contact angle measurements show that SWCNT-modified electrodes without an ion-selective membrane exhibit a substantial decrease in hydrophobicity after prolonged application of a bias potential as small as +100 mV, while application of a negative voltage had only a minor effect. This is consistent with very slow oxidation of the SWCNTs. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the surface chemistry of high-surface-area solid contacts in view of high long-term stabilities. We propose quick charging of solid contacts to moderate potentials, followed by long-term potential monitoring under zero-current conditions, as a more thorough approach to characterize ISEs with high-surface-area solid contacts, offering insights not available with conventional chronopotentiometry measurements.
{"title":"Detection and Explanation of the Hidden Self-Discharge of Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube Solid Contacts in Ion-Selective Electrodes","authors":"Emily E. A. Robinson, Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy, Philippe Bühlmann","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03702","url":null,"abstract":"Solid contacts made of nonredox-active high-surface-area materials provide ion-selective electrodes comprising an ionophore-doped sensing membrane with a high capacitance. As emphasized in the literature, this minimizes changes in the measured potential that result from the minimal but unavoidable currents of real-life potentiometric measurements. However, as shown here for solid contacts made of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), solid contacts actively charged up over several minutes to voltages as small as ±100 mV do not hold this charge for longer than a few hours. Potential discharge occurs due to Faradaic processes and charge redistribution within the narrow confines of the SWCNT layer. The composition of the sensor membranes and atmospheric conditions have only a small impact on the kinetics of this spontaneous discharge, suggesting that redox reactions involving oxygen and the sensing membrane components do not play critical roles. Because both ion mobilities and the rate of redox reactions are expected to increase with temperature, the significant acceleration of discharge at higher temperature does not clarify whether charge redistribution or redox reactions dominate this discharge. However, contact angle measurements show that SWCNT-modified electrodes without an ion-selective membrane exhibit a substantial decrease in hydrophobicity after prolonged application of a bias potential as small as +100 mV, while application of a negative voltage had only a minor effect. This is consistent with very slow oxidation of the SWCNTs. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the surface chemistry of high-surface-area solid contacts in view of high long-term stabilities. We propose quick charging of solid contacts to moderate potentials, followed by long-term potential monitoring under zero-current conditions, as a more thorough approach to characterize ISEs with high-surface-area solid contacts, offering insights not available with conventional chronopotentiometry measurements.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03306
Ruonan Peng, FNU Yuqing, Taralyn J. Wiggins, Negin Bahadori, Joshua S. Rogers, Jacob Waitkus, Yun Chen, Gregory J. Tobin, Stephen J. Dollery, Ke Du
Leishmaniasis poses a significant global health threat, infecting millions of people annually, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Timely and accurate detection of the Leishmania species is crucial for effective treatment and control of this debilitating disease. This study introduces the multi-channel funnel adapted sensing tube (MFAST) chip, a simple diagnostic tool designed for the rapid detection of Leishmania panamensis. MFAST is fabricated through 3D printing and sacrificial molding of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and the reagents are transported between reservoirs by gravity. We combine experiments and finite element analysis to facilitate smoother fluid flow, improving the overall performance of the device. Highly sensitive and specific RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay is utilized in the chip, achieving a detection limit as low as 1000 parasites/mL (detecting as few as 5 parasites per reaction). The multichannel design enables duplex detection, allowing for simultaneous identification of both L. braziliensis and L. panamensis through distinct channels. Furthermore, stability tests indicate that lyophilized reagents retain functionality for up to 15 days when stored at 4 °C, underscoring the potential of this chip for practical diagnostic applications in low-resource settings.
{"title":"Multiple-Channel Funnel Adapted Sensing Tube (MFAST) for the Simple and Duplex Detection of Parasites","authors":"Ruonan Peng, FNU Yuqing, Taralyn J. Wiggins, Negin Bahadori, Joshua S. Rogers, Jacob Waitkus, Yun Chen, Gregory J. Tobin, Stephen J. Dollery, Ke Du","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03306","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmaniasis poses a significant global health threat, infecting millions of people annually, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Timely and accurate detection of the <i>Leishmania</i> species is crucial for effective treatment and control of this debilitating disease. This study introduces the multi-channel funnel adapted sensing tube (MFAST) chip, a simple diagnostic tool designed for the rapid detection of <i>Leishmania panamensis</i>. MFAST is fabricated through 3D printing and sacrificial molding of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and the reagents are transported between reservoirs by gravity. We combine experiments and finite element analysis to facilitate smoother fluid flow, improving the overall performance of the device. Highly sensitive and specific RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay is utilized in the chip, achieving a detection limit as low as 1000 parasites/mL (detecting as few as 5 parasites per reaction). The multichannel design enables duplex detection, allowing for simultaneous identification of both <i>L. braziliensis</i> and <i>L. panamensis</i> through distinct channels. Furthermore, stability tests indicate that lyophilized reagents retain functionality for up to 15 days when stored at 4 °C, underscoring the potential of this chip for practical diagnostic applications in low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00355
Mohammadreza Farrokhnia, Bahareh Babamiri, Mehdi Mohammadi, Amir Sanati Nezhad
The precise quantification of metabolites in bodily fluids is essential for advancing digital health monitoring and clinical diagnostics. Among these fluids, whole blood stands out as a valuable source of predictive metabolite biomarkers, providing critical insights into disease diagnosis and progression. However, traditional blood testing methods often require expensive instrumentation and specialized training, primarily due to the need for plasma extraction to remove interfering blood cells. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel, sensitive, rapid, reagent-free, and cost-effective capillary microfluidic-integrated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor (MIP-Chip) designed for metabolite detection in whole blood. The MIP-Chip integrates two key components: (1) a highly efficient plasma separation module capable of extracting plasma from whole blood (∼95% efficiency) without requiring sample pretreatment or external active forces and (2) an electrochemical MIP sensor employing an ultrasensitive electrode with on-electrode Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) as embedded redox probes for sensitive and specific metabolite detection in the extracted plasma. Using this platform, we successfully quantified succinate, a critical metabolite, across a wide linear concentration range (50 nM–250 μM) with a limit of detection of 5 nM. The device processed 120 μL of whole blood, delivering 8 μL of plasma, and completed the entire workflow-from sample introduction to biomarker detection within 25 min. The MIP-Chip demonstrated exceptional performance, including self-powered assay automation, high specificity for succinate quantification in whole blood, excellent reproducibility, and long-term stability of the MIP-based sensor. These features establish the MIP-Chip as a powerful analytical platform for point-of-care diagnostics, offering a significant step forward in clinical metabolite detection and digital health monitoring.
{"title":"MIP-Chip: Integrated Microfluidic Plasma Separation and Redox-Enhanced Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Succinate Sensor for Whole Blood Metabolite Analysis","authors":"Mohammadreza Farrokhnia, Bahareh Babamiri, Mehdi Mohammadi, Amir Sanati Nezhad","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00355","url":null,"abstract":"The precise quantification of metabolites in bodily fluids is essential for advancing digital health monitoring and clinical diagnostics. Among these fluids, whole blood stands out as a valuable source of predictive metabolite biomarkers, providing critical insights into disease diagnosis and progression. However, traditional blood testing methods often require expensive instrumentation and specialized training, primarily due to the need for plasma extraction to remove interfering blood cells. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel, sensitive, rapid, reagent-free, and cost-effective capillary microfluidic-integrated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor (MIP-Chip) designed for metabolite detection in whole blood. The MIP-Chip integrates two key components: (1) a highly efficient plasma separation module capable of extracting plasma from whole blood (∼95% efficiency) without requiring sample pretreatment or external active forces and (2) an electrochemical MIP sensor employing an ultrasensitive electrode with on-electrode Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) as embedded redox probes for sensitive and specific metabolite detection in the extracted plasma. Using this platform, we successfully quantified succinate, a critical metabolite, across a wide linear concentration range (50 nM–250 μM) with a limit of detection of 5 nM. The device processed 120 μL of whole blood, delivering 8 μL of plasma, and completed the entire workflow-from sample introduction to biomarker detection within 25 min. The MIP-Chip demonstrated exceptional performance, including self-powered assay automation, high specificity for succinate quantification in whole blood, excellent reproducibility, and long-term stability of the MIP-based sensor. These features establish the MIP-Chip as a powerful analytical platform for point-of-care diagnostics, offering a significant step forward in clinical metabolite detection and digital health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03670
Le He, Li Liu, Xin Zhou, Zenglei Hu, Jiayin Shen
Influenza A virus (IAV) represents a considerable threat to both animal and human health, while current detection methods encounter challenges related to the spectrum, rapidity, and sensitivity of viral identification. Herein, we describe the development of a magnetic T4 phage surface plasmon resonance probe for universal, rapid, highly sensitive, and visually detectable IAV detection under dark field microscopy (DFM). Briefly, we initially fused the Soc protein of the T4 phage with a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody that exhibits broad-spectrum affinity toward the hemagglutinins of group 1 and group 2 influenza viruses, resulting in the generation of the recombinant Soc-scFv protein. Additionally, we generated another recombinant protein called AviTag-Hoc by fusing the Hoc capsid protein of T4 phage with biotin receptor peptides (AviTag). These two recombinant proteins were assembled on the head region of the T4 phage lacking both Soc and Hoc proteins. Subsequently, the resulting assembly was covalently modified with biotin using biotin-protein ligase, enabling conjugation with streptavidin-modified magnetic nanoparticles (SA@MNPs) to generate the magnetic T4 phage probe (T4@scFv@MNPs). Binding experiments demonstrated that this magnetic phage probe specifically binds to a wide range of IAVs of group 1 and group 2. Furthermore, in the presence of influenza viruses, the magnetic T4 phage probe and antibodies functionalized chip can form a sandwich complex that appears as a distinct bright golden yellow fluorescence spot visible to the naked eye under DFM. The number of viruses in samples can be automatically counted using artificial intelligence-assisted software. Assay results from both pure and real virus samples show that our magnetic phage-based DFM strategy is highly time efficient, taking approximately 30 min to complete. The method also showed excellent virus binding efficiency (>85%) in both high and low concentration samples and an extremely low detection limit (1 PFU/μL).
{"title":"Visual Counting of Influenza A Viruses with Magnetic T4 Phage SPR Probe","authors":"Le He, Li Liu, Xin Zhou, Zenglei Hu, Jiayin Shen","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03670","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza A virus (IAV) represents a considerable threat to both animal and human health, while current detection methods encounter challenges related to the spectrum, rapidity, and sensitivity of viral identification. Herein, we describe the development of a magnetic T4 phage surface plasmon resonance probe for universal, rapid, highly sensitive, and visually detectable IAV detection under dark field microscopy (DFM). Briefly, we initially fused the Soc protein of the T4 phage with a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody that exhibits broad-spectrum affinity toward the hemagglutinins of group 1 and group 2 influenza viruses, resulting in the generation of the recombinant Soc-scFv protein. Additionally, we generated another recombinant protein called AviTag-Hoc by fusing the Hoc capsid protein of T4 phage with biotin receptor peptides (AviTag). These two recombinant proteins were assembled on the head region of the T4 phage lacking both Soc and Hoc proteins. Subsequently, the resulting assembly was covalently modified with biotin using biotin-protein ligase, enabling conjugation with streptavidin-modified magnetic nanoparticles (SA@MNPs) to generate the magnetic T4 phage probe (T4@scFv@MNPs). Binding experiments demonstrated that this magnetic phage probe specifically binds to a wide range of IAVs of group 1 and group 2. Furthermore, in the presence of influenza viruses, the magnetic T4 phage probe and antibodies functionalized chip can form a sandwich complex that appears as a distinct bright golden yellow fluorescence spot visible to the naked eye under DFM. The number of viruses in samples can be automatically counted using artificial intelligence-assisted software. Assay results from both pure and real virus samples show that our magnetic phage-based DFM strategy is highly time efficient, taking approximately 30 min to complete. The method also showed excellent virus binding efficiency (>85%) in both high and low concentration samples and an extremely low detection limit (1 PFU/μL).","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermoelectric textiles have garnered significant attention in energy harvesting and temperature sensing due to their comfort and reliable long-term power generation capabilities. However, existing thermoelectric textiles rarely realize antibacterial, high output performance, and sensing capabilities simultaneously. Here, we present a facile and scalable method for fabricating n-type silver selenide (Ag2Se) cotton threads with exceptional antibacterial, high power output, and advanced sensing capabilities. The Ag–Ag2Se segmented structures are prepared using the segmented selenization method. Subsequently, a thermoelectric textile consisting of 50 pairs of p–n legs is fabricated, which can generate a power density of 500 μW m–2 at a temperature difference of 30 K, and it can provide an output voltage of 24.7 mV when worn on the arm at room temperature. The textile-based sensor exhibits temperature detection (0.7 K) and a response time (2.49 s). Integrating Ag2Se cotton threads onto textiles enables the utilization of multipixel touchpads for writing and communication. Additionally, these sensors can be incorporated into gloves to accurately detect the surrounding objects’ temperatures. This thermoelectric cotton thread not only facilitates energy harvesting but also establishes a solid foundation for widespread application in multifunctional textile electronics.
{"title":"N-Type Silver Selenide Thermoelectric Cotton Thread for Antibacterial and Versatile Textile Electronics","authors":"Xiaolong Sun, Yue Hou, Zheng Zhu, Qianfeng Ding, Wenjie Zhou, Zhanglong Xia, Sijia Yan, Yong Liu, Qingqing He, Yang Yang, Ziyu Wang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03417","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric textiles have garnered significant attention in energy harvesting and temperature sensing due to their comfort and reliable long-term power generation capabilities. However, existing thermoelectric textiles rarely realize antibacterial, high output performance, and sensing capabilities simultaneously. Here, we present a facile and scalable method for fabricating n-type silver selenide (Ag<sub>2</sub>Se) cotton threads with exceptional antibacterial, high power output, and advanced sensing capabilities. The Ag–Ag<sub>2</sub>Se segmented structures are prepared using the segmented selenization method. Subsequently, a thermoelectric textile consisting of 50 pairs of p–n legs is fabricated, which can generate a power density of 500 μW m<sup>–2</sup> at a temperature difference of 30 K, and it can provide an output voltage of 24.7 mV when worn on the arm at room temperature. The textile-based sensor exhibits temperature detection (0.7 K) and a response time (2.49 s). Integrating Ag<sub>2</sub>Se cotton threads onto textiles enables the utilization of multipixel touchpads for writing and communication. Additionally, these sensors can be incorporated into gloves to accurately detect the surrounding objects’ temperatures. This thermoelectric cotton thread not only facilitates energy harvesting but also establishes a solid foundation for widespread application in multifunctional textile electronics.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, research on piezoelectric pressure sensing has attracted worldwide attention, as eagerly demanded by the development of wearable electronics. However, the current piezoelectric pressure sensors are unable to detect forces along different bending directions with a high resolution, thus limiting their applications in some typical scenarios. To address this issue, this study designed a novel composite structure with ZnO nanorods loaded with Ag nanoparticles (ZnONRs@Ag) and then embedded in highly oriented polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers. Due to its unique orientation, the pressure sensor exhibits anisotropy, accurately identifying forces along distinct bending directions (such as perpendicular, parallel, or twisting). The optimized PVDF/ZnONRs@Ag device presents the peak power density of 308.1 nW cm–2 and a sensitivity as high as 0.52 V N–1 and remains stable after 7000 cycles at 1.4 Hz. The highly oriented piezoelectric devices are utilized to monitor various human movements and harvest energy from them. This research provides a viable method for manufacturing self-powered directional pressure sensors, contributing to the advancement of wearable technology and energy harvesting applications.
{"title":"Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Highly Oriented PVDF/ZnONRs@Ag Electrospun Fibers for Directional Sensing","authors":"Haowei Ma, Hongjian Zhang, Mingtao Zhu, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00095","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, research on piezoelectric pressure sensing has attracted worldwide attention, as eagerly demanded by the development of wearable electronics. However, the current piezoelectric pressure sensors are unable to detect forces along different bending directions with a high resolution, thus limiting their applications in some typical scenarios. To address this issue, this study designed a novel composite structure with ZnO nanorods loaded with Ag nanoparticles (ZnONRs@Ag) and then embedded in highly oriented polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers. Due to its unique orientation, the pressure sensor exhibits anisotropy, accurately identifying forces along distinct bending directions (such as perpendicular, parallel, or twisting). The optimized PVDF/ZnONRs@Ag device presents the peak power density of 308.1 nW cm<sup>–2</sup> and a sensitivity as high as 0.52 V N<sup>–1</sup> and remains stable after 7000 cycles at 1.4 Hz. The highly oriented piezoelectric devices are utilized to monitor various human movements and harvest energy from them. This research provides a viable method for manufacturing self-powered directional pressure sensors, contributing to the advancement of wearable technology and energy harvesting applications.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"48 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. Accurate and early diagnosis of melanoma is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study develops two TYR-activatable molecular probes, Mn-TyrEDTA and Al-18F-TyrEDTA, for the selective detection of melanoma in vivo. In vitro studies reveal that Mn-TyrEDTA exhibits TYR activity-dependent relaxivity enhancement, undergoing TYR-mediated oxidative polymerization, resulting in the formation of paramagnetic oligomers. UV–vis analysis supports this mechanism, showing time- and TYR concentration-dependent increases in broad band absorbance in the UV–vis region, specifically around 475 nm, due to the formation of o-quinone intermediates and melanin-like oligomers. HPLC analysis further confirmed the presence of polar oligomeric products in Mn-TyrEDTA solutions incubated with TYR/O2. MRI studies demonstrate Mn-TyrEDTA’s selective retention and signal enhancement in TYR-expressing melanoma tissues. Furthermore, PET imaging with Al-18F-TyrEDTA conducted using a dual-xenograft mouse model reveals significantly higher uptake and retention of Al-18F-TyrEDTA in TYR-expressing melanoma compared to TYR-negative tumors. This selective retention could be attributed to a TYR-mediated proximity labeling mechanism, where highly reactive quinones form covalent bonds with nearby tumor proteins. In summary, our findings establish Mn-TyrEDTA and Al-18F-TyrEDTA as promising TYR-activatable imaging probes, offering a novel strategy for the early diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.
{"title":"Tyrosinase-Activated MRI and PET Probes for Selective Melanoma Imaging","authors":"Zuhua Zeng, Ying Tan, Tiantian Luo, Zhengwei Li, Guihao Hu, Yao Liu, Ling He, Haiyu Wang, Lei Zhong, Haiying Wang, Tianwei Liu, Jiang Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00058","url":null,"abstract":"Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. Accurate and early diagnosis of melanoma is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study develops two TYR-activatable molecular probes, Mn-TyrEDTA and Al-<sup>18</sup>F-TyrEDTA, for the selective detection of melanoma <i>in vivo</i>. <i>In vitro</i> studies reveal that Mn-TyrEDTA exhibits TYR activity-dependent relaxivity enhancement, undergoing TYR-mediated oxidative polymerization, resulting in the formation of paramagnetic oligomers. UV–vis analysis supports this mechanism, showing time- and TYR concentration-dependent increases in broad band absorbance in the UV–vis region, specifically around 475 nm, due to the formation of <i>o</i>-quinone intermediates and melanin-like oligomers. HPLC analysis further confirmed the presence of polar oligomeric products in Mn-TyrEDTA solutions incubated with TYR/O<sub>2</sub>. MRI studies demonstrate Mn-TyrEDTA’s selective retention and signal enhancement in TYR-expressing melanoma tissues. Furthermore, PET imaging with Al-<sup>18</sup>F-TyrEDTA conducted using a dual-xenograft mouse model reveals significantly higher uptake and retention of Al-<sup>18</sup>F-TyrEDTA in TYR-expressing melanoma compared to TYR-negative tumors. This selective retention could be attributed to a TYR-mediated proximity labeling mechanism, where highly reactive quinones form covalent bonds with nearby tumor proteins. In summary, our findings establish Mn-TyrEDTA and Al-<sup>18</sup>F-TyrEDTA as promising TYR-activatable imaging probes, offering a novel strategy for the early diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03583
Xin Zhao, Xiaoyu You, Zhenzhen Wang, Yanjie Liu, Huaian Fu, Ge Li, Wenxiang Zheng, Shanshan Yu, Zhipeng Tang, Kai Zhang, Fei Song, Jie Zhao, Jinshun Wang, Yuhao Pang, Chen Yang, Qiuxia Li, Lixin Zhang, Hongbo Ma, Xiaodong Zhao, Xinxin Xiang, Yanzhang Hao, Qiang Jing, Yaning Wang, Bo Liu
To achieve the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), noninvasive hemodialysis monitoring, and accurate determination of dialysis duration and adequacy, a noninvasive, point-of-care, user-friendly device should be developed. Here, a flexible, room temperature NH3 gas sensor sensitive to the key breath biomarkers of CKD─NH3 and creatinine─was fabricated. The sensor had detection limits of 100 ppb for NH3 and 1 ppm for creatinine. Clinically, a total of 96 exhaled breath samples, half from 39 CKD patients and the other half from 48 healthy controls were collected and analyzed. With the assistance of a pattern recognition algorithm , the early diagnosis of CKD was achieved by the sensor, with PCA being used due to sensor’s cross-sensitivity to CKD biomarkers. Diagnostic models distinguishing CKD versus non-CKD and early-stage CKD versus advanced-stage CKD were constructed using the SVM algorithm, achieving an overall accuracy of 0.93 and 0.94, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.97 and 0.99 for all subjects in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, respectively. The hemodialysis processes of patients were monitored in real-time, with the sensor response values exhibiting ideal exponential decay over time. The sensor response values showed a strong positive correlation with serum creatinine levels (r = 0.85) and a moderate positive correlation with blood urea nitrogen levels (r = 0.62), both of which are key clinical diagnostic indicators for CKD. These are good results, as 54% of CKD samples are from early-stage CKD patients. These results suggest that the sensor could serve as a noninvasive alternative to traditional blood tests for renal function evaluation and CKD diagnosis. Overall, this sensor demonstrates great potential in clinical practice for early diagnosis of CKD, monitoring the daily health status of CKD patients, optimizing the dialysis schedule, and monitoring the dialysis process in real-time.
{"title":"Noninvasive Diagnosis of Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease and Monitoring of the Hemodialysis Process in Clinical Practice via Exhaled Breath Analysis Using an Ultrasensitive Flexible NH3 Sensor Assisted by Pattern Recognition","authors":"Xin Zhao, Xiaoyu You, Zhenzhen Wang, Yanjie Liu, Huaian Fu, Ge Li, Wenxiang Zheng, Shanshan Yu, Zhipeng Tang, Kai Zhang, Fei Song, Jie Zhao, Jinshun Wang, Yuhao Pang, Chen Yang, Qiuxia Li, Lixin Zhang, Hongbo Ma, Xiaodong Zhao, Xinxin Xiang, Yanzhang Hao, Qiang Jing, Yaning Wang, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03583","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), noninvasive hemodialysis monitoring, and accurate determination of dialysis duration and adequacy, a noninvasive, point-of-care, user-friendly device should be developed. Here, a flexible, room temperature NH<sub>3</sub> gas sensor sensitive to the key breath biomarkers of CKD─NH<sub>3</sub> and creatinine─was fabricated. The sensor had detection limits of 100 ppb for NH<sub>3</sub> and 1 ppm for creatinine. Clinically, a total of 96 exhaled breath samples, half from 39 CKD patients and the other half from 48 healthy controls were collected and analyzed. With the assistance of a pattern recognition algorithm , the early diagnosis of CKD was achieved by the sensor, with PCA being used due to sensor’s cross-sensitivity to CKD biomarkers. Diagnostic models distinguishing CKD versus non-CKD and early-stage CKD versus advanced-stage CKD were constructed using the SVM algorithm, achieving an overall accuracy of 0.93 and 0.94, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.97 and 0.99 for all subjects in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, respectively. The hemodialysis processes of patients were monitored in real-time, with the sensor response values exhibiting ideal exponential decay over time. The sensor response values showed a strong positive correlation with serum creatinine levels (<i>r</i> = 0.85) and a moderate positive correlation with blood urea nitrogen levels (<i>r</i> = 0.62), both of which are key clinical diagnostic indicators for CKD. These are good results, as 54% of CKD samples are from early-stage CKD patients. These results suggest that the sensor could serve as a noninvasive alternative to traditional blood tests for renal function evaluation and CKD diagnosis. Overall, this sensor demonstrates great potential in clinical practice for early diagnosis of CKD, monitoring the daily health status of CKD patients, optimizing the dialysis schedule, and monitoring the dialysis process in real-time.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03741
Song Xiao, Yuhang Xue, Zhanyuan Li, Chengying Wu, Yifan Zhang, Peng Wu, Ju Tang, Xiaoxing Zhang, Hongye Yuan, Yi Li
Perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N), an eco-friendly insulating gas, has been extensively utilized in diverse gas-insulated equipment (GIE) to replace the most potent greenhouse gas SF6. Nonetheless, given the low toxicity of C4F7N, the potential leakage risk at a high-pressure operational environment cannot be overlooked, making the development of highly sensitive gas sensors for leak detection essential. Herein, Co3O4 was selected as a specific gas sensing material for C4F7N detection based on the density functional theory screening. The Co3O4-based gas sensor was prepared, and its response performance was systematically evaluated. The interaction mechanism between Co3O4 and C4F7N was also examined by the oxygen vacancy theory. The sensor demonstrates a low detection limit of 0.15 ppm at its optimal operating temperature of 300 °C, exhibiting exceptional selectivity and repeatability, with a stability response time of 55.5 s and recovery time of 1478 s. The sensor’s application potential under actual working settings was validated using a simulated leakage test. Relevant results provide guidance for the leakage monitoring of the C4F7N-based GIE.
{"title":"High-Performance Co3O4 Nanoparticle-Based Gas Sensor for Leakage Detection of Eco-Friendly Insulating Gas C4F7N","authors":"Song Xiao, Yuhang Xue, Zhanyuan Li, Chengying Wu, Yifan Zhang, Peng Wu, Ju Tang, Xiaoxing Zhang, Hongye Yuan, Yi Li","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03741","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>7</sub>N), an eco-friendly insulating gas, has been extensively utilized in diverse gas-insulated equipment (GIE) to replace the most potent greenhouse gas SF<sub>6</sub>. Nonetheless, given the low toxicity of C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>7</sub>N, the potential leakage risk at a high-pressure operational environment cannot be overlooked, making the development of highly sensitive gas sensors for leak detection essential. Herein, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was selected as a specific gas sensing material for C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>7</sub>N detection based on the density functional theory screening. The Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based gas sensor was prepared, and its response performance was systematically evaluated. The interaction mechanism between Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>7</sub>N was also examined by the oxygen vacancy theory. The sensor demonstrates a low detection limit of 0.15 ppm at its optimal operating temperature of 300 °C, exhibiting exceptional selectivity and repeatability, with a stability response time of 55.5 s and recovery time of 1478 s. The sensor’s application potential under actual working settings was validated using a simulated leakage test. Relevant results provide guidance for the leakage monitoring of the C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>7</sub>N-based GIE.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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