Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-711-717
V. V. Khamichonok, N. Matveev, I. A. Mirochnik, E. V. Chinоikalov
On 01.01.2019 the interstate standard GOST 34028–2016 “Reinforcing bars for concrete structures. Technical specifications” will come into force, which will replace the standards GOST R 52544 (in the part of A500S class), GOST 10884 and GOST 5781. The new standard will introduce a complex of additional properties for reinforcing bars of A500 class to provide reliability of its application in the high rise construction, in areas of increased seismic activity, in aggressive media (sea areas) and in bridges construction (increased cyclic loads). In view of this a complex of work accomplished at JSC EVRAZ ZSMK to elaborate technologies of production A500 reinforcing bars, completely meeting the requirements of GOST 34028 regarding base characteristics (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, technological ductility) as well as additional ones (corrosion resistance, endurance, high ductility). In addition, an evaluation of fire resistance and fire safety of the A500 class rebar (the characteristics not present in the standard) accomplished. To determine the additional characteristics the following tests done: for tensile and bending for rebar of high ductility (class A500E), for corrosion resistance (class A500K), for endurance (class A500У), for fire resistance and fire safety (class А500С and А500Е). As a result of the work accomplished it was determined, that reinforcing bars of trial production of 18Г2С steel, micro-alloyed by vanadium, meet the requirements of GOST 34028–2016 to A500E class. Also determined that the reinforcing bars of trial production of class А500К and А500Е, made of steel grades Ст3Гпс, Ст3Гсп and 18Г2С meet the requirements of GOST 34028 regarding corrosion resistance for their application in structures without preliminary strain. Besides it was shown, that the reinforcing bars of regular production made of Ст3пс and Ст3Гсп steel grades meet the requirements of GOST 34028–2016 to class A500У regarding to resistance against fatigue multiple repeating cyclic loads. The experiment data regarding the fire resistance and fire safety obtained for trial and regular production enabled to determine the heating temperature effect on the rebar mechanical properties depending on the steel chemical composition and the bar diameter.
{"title":"Elaboration of a technology of class A500 reinforcing bar production with a complex of additional properties as per GOST 34028–2016 at JSC EVRAZ ZSMK","authors":"V. V. Khamichonok, N. Matveev, I. A. Mirochnik, E. V. Chinоikalov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-711-717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-711-717","url":null,"abstract":"On 01.01.2019 the interstate standard GOST 34028–2016 “Reinforcing bars for concrete structures. Technical specifications” will come into force, which will replace the standards GOST R 52544 (in the part of A500S class), GOST 10884 and GOST 5781. The new standard will introduce a complex of additional properties for reinforcing bars of A500 class to provide reliability of its application in the high rise construction, in areas of increased seismic activity, in aggressive media (sea areas) and in bridges construction (increased cyclic loads). In view of this a complex of work accomplished at JSC EVRAZ ZSMK to elaborate technologies of production A500 reinforcing bars, completely meeting the requirements of GOST 34028 regarding base characteristics (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, technological ductility) as well as additional ones (corrosion resistance, endurance, high ductility). In addition, an evaluation of fire resistance and fire safety of the A500 class rebar (the characteristics not present in the standard) accomplished. To determine the additional characteristics the following tests done: for tensile and bending for rebar of high ductility (class A500E), for corrosion resistance (class A500K), for endurance (class A500У), for fire resistance and fire safety (class А500С and А500Е). As a result of the work accomplished it was determined, that reinforcing bars of trial production of 18Г2С steel, micro-alloyed by vanadium, meet the requirements of GOST 34028–2016 to A500E class. Also determined that the reinforcing bars of trial production of class А500К and А500Е, made of steel grades Ст3Гпс, Ст3Гсп and 18Г2С meet the requirements of GOST 34028 regarding corrosion resistance for their application in structures without preliminary strain. Besides it was shown, that the reinforcing bars of regular production made of Ст3пс and Ст3Гсп steel grades meet the requirements of GOST 34028–2016 to class A500У regarding to resistance against fatigue multiple repeating cyclic loads. The experiment data regarding the fire resistance and fire safety obtained for trial and regular production enabled to determine the heating temperature effect on the rebar mechanical properties depending on the steel chemical composition and the bar diameter.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-689-694
D A Lubyanoi, S. A. Fomkin, A. Kukharenko, D D Lubyanoi, A. Markidonov, Yulia Soina-Kutishcheva
Sulphurremoval is a rather complicated metallurgical task, which require implementation of new energy-saving technologies, including metal desulphurization in induction furnaces. Results of analysis of different methods of metal desulphurization in the acidic induction furnaces. A technology of hot metal refining with Sulphurremoval by basic slags by extraction mechanism in the acidic induction furnaces proposed, tested and implemented at several plants. The essence of the xtraction mechanism applied to desulphurization method is as follows: particles of calcic slag involved by electromagnetic flows deep into an induction furnace. The surface layer of slag particles deoxidizes by carbon of the metal and silicon, resulting in the Sulphursolubility increases sharply due to its absorption by the metal surface layer of slag particles. Next, the metal flows deliver to the surface the slag particles saturated by Sulphur, the surface contacted with the furnace atmosphere, where the surface layer of slag particles is oxidized by oxygen of the atmosphere. It results in the Sulphursolubility decreasing sharply and after precipitating out of the slag; it oxidizes by oxygen to SO2 and removes into the furnace atmosphere. The process repeats multiply. The mechanism of theSulphur removal in the induction furnaces with acidic lining was studied at OJSC ZSMK foundry shop using IChT-10M furnaces when melting hot metal for melt bases and warmth-keeping jackets. To increase the proposed technology efficiency, the influence of different technological parameters on the rate and degree of metal desulphurization in the acidic induction furnaces of industrial frequency studied. Results of the study allowed to make a conclusion that induction furnaces, traditionally used for smelting of burden materials, convert into active refining melting facilities.
{"title":"Regarding a technology of Sulphur removal in acidic induction furnaces","authors":"D A Lubyanoi, S. A. Fomkin, A. Kukharenko, D D Lubyanoi, A. Markidonov, Yulia Soina-Kutishcheva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-689-694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-689-694","url":null,"abstract":"Sulphurremoval is a rather complicated metallurgical task, which require implementation of new energy-saving technologies, including metal desulphurization in induction furnaces. Results of analysis of different methods of metal desulphurization in the acidic induction furnaces. A technology of hot metal refining with Sulphurremoval by basic slags by extraction mechanism in the acidic induction furnaces proposed, tested and implemented at several plants. The essence of the xtraction mechanism applied to desulphurization method is as follows: particles of calcic slag involved by electromagnetic flows deep into an induction furnace. The surface layer of slag particles deoxidizes by carbon of the metal and silicon, resulting in the Sulphursolubility increases sharply due to its absorption by the metal surface layer of slag particles. Next, the metal flows deliver to the surface the slag particles saturated by Sulphur, the surface contacted with the furnace atmosphere, where the surface layer of slag particles is oxidized by oxygen of the atmosphere. It results in the Sulphursolubility decreasing sharply and after precipitating out of the slag; it oxidizes by oxygen to SO2 and removes into the furnace atmosphere. The process repeats multiply. The mechanism of theSulphur removal in the induction furnaces with acidic lining was studied at OJSC ZSMK foundry shop using IChT-10M furnaces when melting hot metal for melt bases and warmth-keeping jackets. To increase the proposed technology efficiency, the influence of different technological parameters on the rate and degree of metal desulphurization in the acidic induction furnaces of industrial frequency studied. Results of the study allowed to make a conclusion that induction furnaces, traditionally used for smelting of burden materials, convert into active refining melting facilities.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128342323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-718-724
P. V. Antonov, N. Bolobanova, E. Garber
Profiling of rollers, apart from the means of inter-rollers gap control, determines the accuracy of rolled strip cross profile forming and their flatness. A number of articles is devoted to the items of rollers profiling modelling. Based on their study a task of development of strip mill rollers profiling modelling methodology formulated. The methodology based on working rollers generating lines building by geometric summarizing of grinding curves, curves of thermal profile and wear profile curves with elastic deformation curves and further elaboration of a perfected profiling of the 2100 mill roller system to provide the quality world level, characterized by δhпоп index. The elastic deformation curves defined by the finite elements method. Results of modelling of convexconcave CVC profiling of cold rolling mill working rollers quoted. The elaborated and adopted to implementation at the 4-high 2100 mill perfected CVC profiling of working rollers presented, which provides increase of accuracy of rolled strips cross profile forming. The solution based on the mathematical description of quarto roller system loading and deformation, accounting the convex-concave CVC rollers profiling and axes shifting of working rollers. Simulation of loads and elastic deformation of the PAO “Severstal” 4- high cold mill roller system accomplished by application of SIMULIA Abaqus program complex. Accounting symmetry of the task, only one roller half-set considered – the upper working and bearing rollers with CVC profiling. The barrel edge slope taken into consideration in the bearing roller model. Application of the new working rollers profiling will increase the efficiency of their axes shifting and hydro-bending during rolling of 900–1300 mm wide strips, which account the main share of the rolled metal at the mill, with the guaranteed provision of the strip cross crown, not exceeding 2% of the nominal thickness.
{"title":"Perfection of a modelling method of cold rolling mill rollers profiling to increase accuracy of rolled strip cross profile forming","authors":"P. V. Antonov, N. Bolobanova, E. Garber","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-718-724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-718-724","url":null,"abstract":"Profiling of rollers, apart from the means of inter-rollers gap control, determines the accuracy of rolled strip cross profile forming and their flatness. A number of articles is devoted to the items of rollers profiling modelling. Based on their study a task of development of strip mill rollers profiling modelling methodology formulated. The methodology based on working rollers generating lines building by geometric summarizing of grinding curves, curves of thermal profile and wear profile curves with elastic deformation curves and further elaboration of a perfected profiling of the 2100 mill roller system to provide the quality world level, characterized by δhпоп index. The elastic deformation curves defined by the finite elements method. Results of modelling of convexconcave CVC profiling of cold rolling mill working rollers quoted. The elaborated and adopted to implementation at the 4-high 2100 mill perfected CVC profiling of working rollers presented, which provides increase of accuracy of rolled strips cross profile forming. The solution based on the mathematical description of quarto roller system loading and deformation, accounting the convex-concave CVC rollers profiling and axes shifting of working rollers. Simulation of loads and elastic deformation of the PAO “Severstal” 4- high cold mill roller system accomplished by application of SIMULIA Abaqus program complex. Accounting symmetry of the task, only one roller half-set considered – the upper working and bearing rollers with CVC profiling. The barrel edge slope taken into consideration in the bearing roller model. Application of the new working rollers profiling will increase the efficiency of their axes shifting and hydro-bending during rolling of 900–1300 mm wide strips, which account the main share of the rolled metal at the mill, with the guaranteed provision of the strip cross crown, not exceeding 2% of the nominal thickness.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115744812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-749-749-753
A. S. Vodoleev, M. Zakharova, O. Andreeva
Sludge storages and tailing dumps, as an integral part of the man-caused landscape, occupy a special place in the framework of field research on the reclamation of disturbed lands. At the reclaimed territories of man-caused origin, various technological, mechanical, physical and chemical methods used to prevent their negative impact on the environment. Those include improving waste storage by grain size or physical and chemical composition, alteration the state of storage products through briquetting and granulation, arranging obstacles to prevent dust spreading or solid coating with a non-dusting material, creating a protective layer using foam or hydro-dedusting to stabilize the dusting surface. However, the most environmentally efficient is the creation of protective vegetation cover on industrial waste. The biological method is of particular relevance due to the phyto-toxicity of the man-caused substrate of sludge storages and the difficulties of creating a sustainable plant cover on them. Taking into account the production and environmental characteristics of waste sludge storages of EVRAZ ZSMK, JSC, as part of biological monitoring, the physiological state assessed and the chemical composition of plants growing on the reclaimed areas of this man-caused object analyzed. Within a field experiment, the physiological parameters of woody plants studied at the sludge storage of EVRAZ ZSMK. The results obtained indicate their adaptive capabilities, despite the high daily temperature during the growing season, the lack of moisture, the lack of optimal mineral nutrition. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of the use of sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants on the sludge storage substrate as the main soil conditioner given. It was shown that their use at waste of sludge storages of EVRAZ ZSMK JSC couldn’t be considered as a source of additional pollution during remediation activities. At that, the content of nutrients in the formed man-caused areas increases, which ensures survival and long-term growth of vegetation. Selection of the species composition of seeded herbs (grasses) determined by their resistance to extreme conditions and soil-improving properties, which allows to form a steady phytocenosis for a short time period under conditions of unfavorable mancaused impact of metallurgical production waste, which can most positively affect the ecological state of the Novokuznetsksuburban area.
{"title":"Phyto-indication of the reclaimed territories of the EVRAZ ZSMK JSC sludge storage","authors":"A. S. Vodoleev, M. Zakharova, O. Andreeva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-749-749-753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-749-749-753","url":null,"abstract":"Sludge storages and tailing dumps, as an integral part of the man-caused landscape, occupy a special place in the framework of field research on the reclamation of disturbed lands. At the reclaimed territories of man-caused origin, various technological, mechanical, physical and chemical methods used to prevent their negative impact on the environment. Those include improving waste storage by grain size or physical and chemical composition, alteration the state of storage products through briquetting and granulation, arranging obstacles to prevent dust spreading or solid coating with a non-dusting material, creating a protective layer using foam or hydro-dedusting to stabilize the dusting surface. However, the most environmentally efficient is the creation of protective vegetation cover on industrial waste. The biological method is of particular relevance due to the phyto-toxicity of the man-caused substrate of sludge storages and the difficulties of creating a sustainable plant cover on them. Taking into account the production and environmental characteristics of waste sludge storages of EVRAZ ZSMK, JSC, as part of biological monitoring, the physiological state assessed and the chemical composition of plants growing on the reclaimed areas of this man-caused object analyzed. Within a field experiment, the physiological parameters of woody plants studied at the sludge storage of EVRAZ ZSMK. The results obtained indicate their adaptive capabilities, despite the high daily temperature during the growing season, the lack of moisture, the lack of optimal mineral nutrition. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of the use of sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants on the sludge storage substrate as the main soil conditioner given. It was shown that their use at waste of sludge storages of EVRAZ ZSMK JSC couldn’t be considered as a source of additional pollution during remediation activities. At that, the content of nutrients in the formed man-caused areas increases, which ensures survival and long-term growth of vegetation. Selection of the species composition of seeded herbs (grasses) determined by their resistance to extreme conditions and soil-improving properties, which allows to form a steady phytocenosis for a short time period under conditions of unfavorable mancaused impact of metallurgical production waste, which can most positively affect the ecological state of the Novokuznetsksuburban area.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127748315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-706-710
A. Sazonov, E. Merker, A. Kozhukhov
Analytical calculations carried out to determine the degree of heat recovery by a liquid melt depending on the electric mode and the residual height of the furnace slag. It was shown that despite the use of automation systems, the temperature semiproduct tapping does not always correspond to the one specified in the process documentation. In this regard, there is a period of “finishing”, which is carried out at lower voltage steps and with a minimum residual mass of slag on the surface of the melt. An increase in slag mass leads to a decrease in the “freeboard” value in the steel ladle after tapping, which, in consequence, can lead to its downloading during ladle treatment procedure, with the loss of expensive additional materials. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, options proposed for improving the degree of heat recovery of electric arcs during the “finishing” period by changing the electrical parameters at a fixed height of residual slag in the furnace.
{"title":"Peculiarities of electric arcs heat recovery at semi-product heating in the EAF working space during finishing period","authors":"A. Sazonov, E. Merker, A. Kozhukhov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-706-710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-706-710","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical calculations carried out to determine the degree of heat recovery by a liquid melt depending on the electric mode and the residual height of the furnace slag. It was shown that despite the use of automation systems, the temperature semiproduct tapping does not always correspond to the one specified in the process documentation. In this regard, there is a period of “finishing”, which is carried out at lower voltage steps and with a minimum residual mass of slag on the surface of the melt. An increase in slag mass leads to a decrease in the “freeboard” value in the steel ladle after tapping, which, in consequence, can lead to its downloading during ladle treatment procedure, with the loss of expensive additional materials. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, options proposed for improving the degree of heat recovery of electric arcs during the “finishing” period by changing the electrical parameters at a fixed height of residual slag in the furnace.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131745404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-695-705
Элемент, Плотность, Атомная масса, Тпл, Ткип
To achieve a high quality of steel a wide range of liquid metal treatment methods applied. The choice of method is often determined by technological possibilities of the metal products manufacturer. An analysis of various physical and chemical methods of steel quality improvement accomplished, which allowed making a choice of liquid metal treatment method, depending on existing tasks and technological possibilities. It was shown, that physical and chemical methods of metal products quality improvement apart from other methods of ladle treatment have additional possibilities to effect steel quality. In some cases, those methods allow to exclude a complicated technological equipment, to reduce considerably expenses for liquid metal ladle treatment and to improve the products quality. A comparative analysis of methods of steel ladle treatment accomplished. Data on the active elements behavior in the iron based melts quoted. The mechanism of modification, inoculation and steel micro-alloying processes described. Data on industrial application those processes to obtain quality metal products quoted. It was shown, that melt modification process allows changing the metal structure, decreasing its impurity by nonmetallic inclusions, to change the nature, form and character of their distribution in the metal. Effect of the micro-alloying has a long-term and stable character of alloying elements impact and allows effecting the steel quality, changing steel chemical and phase compositions. Inoculation allows considerable increasing the ability of nuclei formation and effect the metal crystallization parameters due to formation of ready crystallization centers in the solidifying alloy. Base on analysis results a conclusion made, that physical and chemical methods of impact on steel allow purposefully effecting the metal products properties, reduce the cost of metal treatment and increase its quality.
{"title":"Efficiency evaluation of physical and chemical methods of steel quality improvement","authors":"Элемент, Плотность, Атомная масса, Тпл, Ткип","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-695-705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-695-705","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve a high quality of steel a wide range of liquid metal treatment methods applied. The choice of method is often determined by technological possibilities of the metal products manufacturer. An analysis of various physical and chemical methods of steel quality improvement accomplished, which allowed making a choice of liquid metal treatment method, depending on existing tasks and technological possibilities. It was shown, that physical and chemical methods of metal products quality improvement apart from other methods of ladle treatment have additional possibilities to effect steel quality. In some cases, those methods allow to exclude a complicated technological equipment, to reduce considerably expenses for liquid metal ladle treatment and to improve the products quality. A comparative analysis of methods of steel ladle treatment accomplished. Data on the active elements behavior in the iron based melts quoted. The mechanism of modification, inoculation and steel micro-alloying processes described. Data on industrial application those processes to obtain quality metal products quoted. It was shown, that melt modification process allows changing the metal structure, decreasing its impurity by nonmetallic inclusions, to change the nature, form and character of their distribution in the metal. Effect of the micro-alloying has a long-term and stable character of alloying elements impact and allows effecting the steel quality, changing steel chemical and phase compositions. Inoculation allows considerable increasing the ability of nuclei formation and effect the metal crystallization parameters due to formation of ready crystallization centers in the solidifying alloy. Base on analysis results a conclusion made, that physical and chemical methods of impact on steel allow purposefully effecting the metal products properties, reduce the cost of metal treatment and increase its quality.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121339241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-350-354
K. Litsin, T. V. Koval'chuk
Modernization of the pusher electric drive of inter-stand cooling facility of sheet rolled product is an actual way to increase efficiency of rolling production. The control by the existing electric drive is accomplished by a system, comprising an asynchronous motor. Problems of automation of the facility of inter-stand cooling of sheet rolled product of JSC “Ural steel” sheetrolling shop considered. Modernization of existing system by implementation of frequency convertor with vector control proposed. To restrict the pusher movement it proposed to use induction sensors and controller SIMATIC S7-300. Algorithm of the pusher operation with induction sensors application considered. The elaborated algorithm of the pusher operation realized on the base of SIMATIC S7-300 controller. Calculation and building of load diagram and the pusher drive tachometric diagram accomplished for one cycle of its operation. Taking into account nominal data of the pusher selected motor and requirements to electric equipment, a frequency convertor with vector control was selected. Implementation ofthe system “frequency convertor – asynchronous motor” with vector control justified. The vector control enables to provide a preset pace of the motor acceleration, its complete protection against over-loading that increases considerably service life of the electric drive system as a whole. Application of frequency controlled pusher drive together with SIMATIC S7-300 controller will enable to automatize the process of the pusher operation. Implementation of the developed automation system of the pusher electric drive operation is possible also at other steel-works.The payback period of the solutions proposed within the frame of the project will be 9 months.
{"title":"Development of electric drive system with vector control in the facility of inter-stand cooling of sheet rolled product","authors":"K. Litsin, T. V. Koval'chuk","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-350-354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-350-354","url":null,"abstract":"Modernization of the pusher electric drive of inter-stand cooling facility of sheet rolled product is an actual way to increase efficiency of rolling production. The control by the existing electric drive is accomplished by a system, comprising an asynchronous motor. Problems of automation of the facility of inter-stand cooling of sheet rolled product of JSC “Ural steel” sheetrolling shop considered. Modernization of existing system by implementation of frequency convertor with vector control proposed. To restrict the pusher movement it proposed to use induction sensors and controller SIMATIC S7-300. Algorithm of the pusher operation with induction sensors application considered. The elaborated algorithm of the pusher operation realized on the base of SIMATIC S7-300 controller. Calculation and building of load diagram and the pusher drive tachometric diagram accomplished for one cycle of its operation. Taking into account nominal data of the pusher selected motor and requirements to electric equipment, a frequency convertor with vector control was selected. Implementation ofthe system “frequency convertor – asynchronous motor” with vector control justified. The vector control enables to provide a preset pace of the motor acceleration, its complete protection against over-loading that increases considerably service life of the electric drive system as a whole. Application of frequency controlled pusher drive together with SIMATIC S7-300 controller will enable to automatize the process of the pusher operation. Implementation of the developed automation system of the pusher electric drive operation is possible also at other steel-works.The payback period of the solutions proposed within the frame of the project will be 9 months.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125983280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-315-321
A. Chernavin, V. Kobelev, D. A. Chernavin, G. A. Nechkin
Increase of gas permeability of burden materials column lower part is one of the way of blast furnace heat intensification. Filterability of intermediate slag through coke filling determines the gas permeability of the lower zone and the blast furnace heat running. To study the filterability a methodology was elaborated and implemented, which enabled to estimate reliably the iron ore raw materials behavior in the blast furnace at high temperatures. By laboratory studies influence on the filterability of BF slag melt was determined, when MgO, MnO and CaO adding to the burden, depending on the oxides mineralogical composition. The positive influence of magnesium oxide on the slag filterability has an extreme character, at that the sinter basicity has a considerable influence. The mineral form of magnesium-containing additives introduced into the burden substantially influenced the filterability on heat products in blast furnace. Replace ofsiderite and dolomite by other magnesium-containing materials facilitates to improving of slag filterability through coke filling. Additional input of manganese in the form of manganese limestone or manganese-containing ferritic-calcium flux is an effective mean to improve filterability of sinter smelting products through coke filling. Transfer to hot metal smelting from fluxed pellets and sinter will facilitate heat products filterabilityincrease thanks to close physical andchemical properties of BF burden components in respect of smelting and slag filtering through coke filling.
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Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-337-343
A. Ryabov
Both in the domestic and world steel industry alternative ecologically clean free-cutting steels, having cutting machinability characteristics and mechanicalproperties, comparable with lead-containing steels, but voided of their drawbacks,are actively searched. First ofall the alternative steels should not be not so ecologically harmful. Scientific and technological aspects of lead-free free-machining steels production, alloyed by bismuth, calcium, tin, boron and nitrogen presented. Solubility of bismuth in iron and iron alloys with chromium, manganese, nickel, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt,phosphor, sulphur, aluminum, carbon and other elements at the temperature of 1550–1650 ºСdetermined. Parameters of interaction of the first and second order calculated. Study of bismuth behavior and tin spherical samples in 40X steel melt accomplished. The study done at the high temperature facility with controlled atmosphere and X-ray TV observation system. Simulation of phase compositions multicomponent alloys of steel АВЦ40ХГНМaccomplished by application of a program package FactSage. Within the study,a production technology of lead-free, ecologically clean free-machining, steels elaborated and masteredat OJSC “Zlatoust electro-metallurgical works”. Free-machining corrosion-resistant steels (АВЦ19ХГН, АВЦ40Х, АВЦ40ХГНМ, АВЦ12Х18Н10, АВЦ40Х13, АВЦ14Х17Н2) alloyed by bismuth and calcium, steels (АО40Х, АО30ХМ) alloyed by tin, and steels (А38ХГМАРand А30ХМАР) containing BN were the objects of the study. The steels samples were in the form of forged billet of 10, 20 and 80 mm diameter and ingots of 18 and 500 kg (round 345 mm). Steel quality characteristics determined such as mechanicalproperties in longitudinal and cross directions of ingots, uniformity of distribution of fusible elements, carbon and Sulphur along the axis zone and in billet transverse sections. Pictures of ingots macrostructure by height and section obtained. Estimation of hardenability and steel contamination by non-metallic inclusions, austenitic grain size, steel machinability by cutting, surfacequality of re-worked billet and steel macrostructure accomplished. Comparable ecological studies of atmosphere contamination during the steel alloying also accomplished.
{"title":"Mastering of production of lead-free ecologically clean free-machining steels","authors":"A. Ryabov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-337-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-337-343","url":null,"abstract":"Both in the domestic and world steel industry alternative ecologically clean free-cutting steels, having cutting machinability characteristics and mechanicalproperties, comparable with lead-containing steels, but voided of their drawbacks,are actively searched. First ofall the alternative steels should not be not so ecologically harmful. Scientific and technological aspects of lead-free free-machining steels production, alloyed by bismuth, calcium, tin, boron and nitrogen presented. Solubility of bismuth in iron and iron alloys with chromium, manganese, nickel, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt,phosphor, sulphur, aluminum, carbon and other elements at the temperature of 1550–1650 ºСdetermined. Parameters of interaction of the first and second order calculated. Study of bismuth behavior and tin spherical samples in 40X steel melt accomplished. The study done at the high temperature facility with controlled atmosphere and X-ray TV observation system. Simulation of phase compositions multicomponent alloys of steel АВЦ40ХГНМaccomplished by application of a program package FactSage. Within the study,a production technology of lead-free, ecologically clean free-machining, steels elaborated and masteredat OJSC “Zlatoust electro-metallurgical works”. Free-machining corrosion-resistant steels (АВЦ19ХГН, АВЦ40Х, АВЦ40ХГНМ, АВЦ12Х18Н10, АВЦ40Х13, АВЦ14Х17Н2) alloyed by bismuth and calcium, steels (АО40Х, АО30ХМ) alloyed by tin, and steels (А38ХГМАРand А30ХМАР) containing BN were the objects of the study. The steels samples were in the form of forged billet of 10, 20 and 80 mm diameter and ingots of 18 and 500 kg (round 345 mm). Steel quality characteristics determined such as mechanicalproperties in longitudinal and cross directions of ingots, uniformity of distribution of fusible elements, carbon and Sulphur along the axis zone and in billet transverse sections. Pictures of ingots macrostructure by height and section obtained. Estimation of hardenability and steel contamination by non-metallic inclusions, austenitic grain size, steel machinability by cutting, surfacequality of re-worked billet and steel macrostructure accomplished. Comparable ecological studies of atmosphere contamination during the steel alloying also accomplished.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117344306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-327-336
S. Panteikov, L. M. Uchitel', V. V. Ivko, Yu. I. Kharchenko, Yu. P. Makhlai, V. G. Mazai
Deterioration of tips cooling as a result of number of nuzzles increase in tuyere heads does not allow to use multinozzle (six and more) overhead tuyeres for increasing of steel melting technical and economical indices and operating characteristics of technological equipment. The main reason of it is as follows: deterioration ofcooling results in over-heating and burnt-outof tips material in the farthest nozzle zone following the overhead tuyeres breakage. To avoid the water stagnant areas in the farthestnozzle zones of the heads cooling route and therefore to increase the overheads oxygen tuyeres of 250-t BOF operation life, a new design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric cooling of tips farthest zones elaborated, manufactures and tested. The perfection of the six-nozzle heads cooling system included asymmetric (relating the side surface of the nozzle block) installation behind every nozzle (in the water direction) a guidingblade of special design. It enabled to increase to a maximum degree the heat removal efficiency from the internal surface in the tip farthest zones and had a positive effect on the overhead tuyeres heads resistance. The workability of the proposed design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric cooling of farthest zones was confirmed during test-industrial heats at 250-t BOFs of OJSC “Dneprovskysteel-works”. The heats were carried out with oxygen consumption of 800–1200 m 3/min and regime of partial afterburning ofexit gases. The water consumption for tuyeres cooling decrease from 320–340 m 3 /h, at that the water temperature difference at the tuyere entry and exit varied in the range of 11–16 °C depending on blow-down duration. Application of the new design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling enabled to increase the sixnozzle heads resistance by a factor 1.287 comparing with six-nozzle heads without farthest zones cooling and by a factor of 3.327 comparing with regular five-nozzle tuyere heads. The effect reached thanks to more rational cooler distribution and increase ofits velocity. The metal pick up of shafts of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling: while the five-nozzle tuyeres were taken off for salamander cutting off after 1–5 heats, the six-nozzle tuyeres were taken off for the salamander cutting off after 79–81 heats. It indicated a higher efficiency of heat running blow-down and slag regimes with application of proposed design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling.
{"title":"Perfection of cooling systems of overhead tuyeres heads of 250-t BOFs","authors":"S. Panteikov, L. M. Uchitel', V. V. Ivko, Yu. I. Kharchenko, Yu. P. Makhlai, V. G. Mazai","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-327-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-327-336","url":null,"abstract":"Deterioration of tips cooling as a result of number of nuzzles increase in tuyere heads does not allow to use multinozzle (six and more) overhead tuyeres for increasing of steel melting technical and economical indices and operating characteristics of technological equipment. The main reason of it is as follows: deterioration ofcooling results in over-heating and burnt-outof tips material in the farthest nozzle zone following the overhead tuyeres breakage. To avoid the water stagnant areas in the farthestnozzle zones of the heads cooling route and therefore to increase the overheads oxygen tuyeres of 250-t BOF operation life, a new design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric cooling of tips farthest zones elaborated, manufactures and tested. The perfection of the six-nozzle heads cooling system included asymmetric (relating the side surface of the nozzle block) installation behind every nozzle (in the water direction) a guidingblade of special design. It enabled to increase to a maximum degree the heat removal efficiency from the internal surface in the tip farthest zones and had a positive effect on the overhead tuyeres heads resistance. The workability of the proposed design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric cooling of farthest zones was confirmed during test-industrial heats at 250-t BOFs of OJSC “Dneprovskysteel-works”. The heats were carried out with oxygen consumption of 800–1200 m 3/min and regime of partial afterburning ofexit gases. The water consumption for tuyeres cooling decrease from 320–340 m 3 /h, at that the water temperature difference at the tuyere entry and exit varied in the range of 11–16 °C depending on blow-down duration. Application of the new design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling enabled to increase the sixnozzle heads resistance by a factor 1.287 comparing with six-nozzle heads without farthest zones cooling and by a factor of 3.327 comparing with regular five-nozzle tuyere heads. The effect reached thanks to more rational cooler distribution and increase ofits velocity. The metal pick up of shafts of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling: while the five-nozzle tuyeres were taken off for salamander cutting off after 1–5 heats, the six-nozzle tuyeres were taken off for the salamander cutting off after 79–81 heats. It indicated a higher efficiency of heat running blow-down and slag regimes with application of proposed design of the six-nozzle tuyere head with asymmetric farthest zones cooling.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123753270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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