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2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)最新文献

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6.6 A 128Gb/s 1.3pJ/b PAM-4 Transmitter with Reconfigurable 3-Tap FFE in 14nm CMOS 6.6一个128Gb/s 1.3pJ/b PAM-4发射机,带有可重构的14nm CMOS 3-Tap FFE
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662479
Z. Deniz, J. Proesel, J. Bulzacchelli, H. Ainspan, T. Dickson, Michael P. Beakes, M. Meghelli
The ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth continues to fuel the need for faster and more power-efficient IOs, with the next generation high-speed serial links expected to reach data rates higher than 112Gb/s using PAM-4 signaling [1–3]. While PAM-4 spectral efficiency is better than that of NRZ, it is less tolerant of residual ISI and noise. As a consequence, a driver with high bandwidth and large output amplitude is required. This paper presents a 64Gbaud PAM-4 TX with a fully reconfigurable 3-tap FFE, which achieves a power efficiency of 1.3pJ/b in PAM-4 mode and 2.7pJ/b in NRZ mode for a differential output swing of $1mathrm{V}_{ppd}$. A feature of the FFE construction is the use of fully re-assignable FFE segments among the 3 taps, which allows a reduced number of segments for lower capacitance and higher driver bandwidth. To minimize power consumption, a quarter-rate clocking architecture is adopted with a tailless 4:1 multiplexer, which also acts as a pre-driver to a tailless CML output driver.
对更高带宽的不断增长的需求继续推动对更快、更节能的IOs的需求,下一代高速串行链路预计将使用PAM-4信令达到高于112Gb/s的数据速率[1-3]。PAM-4的频谱效率优于NRZ,但对残留ISI和噪声的容忍度较低。因此,需要具有高带宽和大输出幅度的驱动器。本文提出了一种具有完全可重构三分接FFE的64Gbaud PAM-4 TX,在PAM-4模式下功率效率为1.3pJ/b,在NRZ模式下功率效率为2.7pJ/b,差分输出摆幅为$1mathrm{V}_{ppd}$。FFE结构的一个特点是在3个抽头之间使用完全可重新分配的FFE段,这允许减少段数量,以降低电容和提高驱动器带宽。为了最大限度地降低功耗,采用四分之一速率时钟架构,并采用无尾4:1多路复用器,该多路复用器也可作为无尾CML输出驱动器的预驱动器。
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引用次数: 24
29.2 A Scalable Quantum Magnetometer in 65nm CMOS with Vector-Field Detection Capability 29.2具有矢量场检测能力的65nm CMOS可扩展量子磁强计
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662434
Mohamed I. Ibrahim, Christopher Foy, D. Englund, R. Han
Room-temperature control and detection of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond’s spin-state has enabled magnetic sensing with high sensitivity and spatial resolution [1], [2]. However, current NV sensing apparatuses use bulky off-the-shelf components, which greatly increase the system’s scale. In [3], a compact platform, which attaches nanodiamond particles to a CMOS sensor, shrinks this spin-based magnetometer to chip scale; however, the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) curve it generates carries large fluctuation leading to inferior sensitivity. In this paper, we present a CMOS-NV quantum sensor with (i) a highly-scalable microwave-delivering structure and (ii) a Talboteffect-based photonic filter with enhanced green-to-red suppression ratio. The former enables coherent driving of an increased number of NV centers, and the latter reduces the shot noise of the photo-detector caused by the input green laser. In addition, the usage of a bulk diamond also enables vector magnetometry, which allows for the tracking of magnetic objects and navigation. The prototype sensor provides a measured vector-field sensitivity of 245nT/Hz $^{1/2}$.
室温控制和检测金刚石自旋态中的氮空位(NV)中心,实现了高灵敏度和空间分辨率的磁传感[1],[2]。然而,目前的NV传感设备使用笨重的现成组件,这大大增加了系统的规模。在[3]中,一个紧凑的平台将纳米金刚石颗粒附着在CMOS传感器上,将这种基于自旋的磁力计缩小到芯片规模;但其产生的光探测磁共振(ODMR)曲线波动较大,灵敏度较差。在本文中,我们提出了一种CMOS-NV量子传感器,具有(i)高度可扩展的微波传递结构和(ii)基于talbote效应的光子滤波器,具有增强的绿红抑制比。前者可以增加NV中心的相干驱动数量,后者可以降低由输入绿色激光引起的光探测器的散粒噪声。此外,散装钻石的使用还可以实现矢量磁强计,从而可以跟踪磁性物体和导航。原型传感器的测量矢量场灵敏度为245nT/Hz $^{1/2}$。
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引用次数: 7
4.2 A Broadband Switched-Transformer Digital Power Amplifier for Deep Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement 4.2一种提高深度退变效率的宽带开关变压器数字功率放大器
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662330
Liang Xiong, Tong Li, Yun Yin, Hao Min, N. Yan, Hongtao Xu
Sophisticated OFDM modulation schemes with high spectrum efficiency and data throughput in modern wireless communication systems often result in a large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Besides, wireless standards like LTE, WLAN, NB-IoT, etc., require wide transmission power range to accommodate various communication environments, and devices often function at low average output power. For better battery lifetime, it is critical to improve the power amplifier (PA) efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO) levels (e.g., 12/18dB or higher). Recently, several digital-style techniques have been employed to enhance PA PBO efficiency, such as dynamic power control [1], Class-G, and Doherty [2–4], as well as multilevel outphasing [5]. Class-G or Doherty techniques usually provide an efficiency peaking at 6dB PBO, and when combined together [2,3] or cascaded [6] they can further enhance the efficiency beyond 6dB PBO by introducing two efficiency peaks at 6/12dB PBOs. However, most of the Class-G Doherty PAs suffer from large area overhead with two power supply paths and glitches due to mode transitions. The dynamic power control or multi-level outphasing PA requires multiple phase modulators and amplitude-level transitions, which cause inherent discontinuities and degrade the linearity. In this work, a switched-transformer digital-PA technique is proposed for wide-range PBO efficiency enhancement. This topology does not require multiple power supplies and does not introduce AM/PM discontinuities. The PA achieves multiple efficiency peaks at 0/6/12/18dB PBOs and wide frequency coverage with a single-transformer footprint and only one supply voltage.
在现代无线通信系统中,复杂的OFDM调制方案具有较高的频谱效率和数据吞吐量,往往导致较高的峰均功率比(PAPR)。此外,LTE、WLAN、NB-IoT等无线标准要求较宽的传输功率范围,以适应各种通信环境,设备通常在较低的平均输出功率下工作。为了获得更好的电池寿命,在深度功率回退(PBO)水平(例如12/18dB或更高)下提高功率放大器(PA)的效率至关重要。最近,一些数字风格的技术被用于提高PA PBO效率,如动态功率控制[1]、Class-G和Doherty[2-4],以及多级同相[5]。g类或Doherty技术通常在6dB PBO处提供效率峰值,当组合在一起[2,3]或级联[6]时,它们可以通过在6/ 12db PBO处引入两个效率峰值,进一步提高效率,超过6dB PBO。然而,大多数g类Doherty PAs都有两个供电路径的大面积开销,并且由于模式转换而出现故障。动态功率控制或多级同相放大器需要多个相位调制器和幅值级转换,这会导致固有的不连续和线性度降低。在这项工作中,提出了一种开关变压器数字pa技术,用于大范围提高PBO效率。这种拓扑结构不需要多个电源,也不会引入AM/PM不连续。该放大器在0/6/12/18dB PBOs处实现多个效率峰值,并在单变压器占地面积和只有一个电源电压的情况下实现宽频率覆盖。
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引用次数: 10
17.4 16MHz FRAM Micro-Controller with a Low-Cost Sub-1μA Embedded Piezo-Electric Strain Sensor for ULP Motion Detection 17.4 16MHz FRAM微控制器,低成本Sub-1μA嵌入式压电应变传感器,用于ULP运动检测
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662391
Sudhanshu Khanna, M. Zwerg, Brian Elies, Juergen Luebbe, Nagaraj Krishnasawamy, Hadi Najar, Suman Bellary, Wei-Yan Shih, S. Summerfelt, Steven Bartling
Ultra-low Power Microcontrollers (MCUs) [1]–[4] have played a central role in embedded IoT systems providing programmability, analog and digital processing and control, A/D interfaces, and power management. As IoT applications expand, efficient sensing is increasingly becoming part of MCUs. In this paper we present a 130nm 16MHz Ferro-electric RAM (FRAM) based MCU with a sub-1uA embedded piezo-electric strain sensor and AFE for ULP motion detection (Fig. 17.4.1). To our knowledge, this is the first reported MCU with an embedded motion detection strain sensor. Existing applications that would benefit from such a MCU are applications like toys and remote controls that can turn off while not in use. Motion detection in a key fob improves security by preventing a “man in the middle” attack while the key fob lies stationary at home. Tamper detection and strain gauges are other potential applications. When used in “wake-on-motion” applications, the sensor IP is powered-on at all times waiting for a motion event. Hence minimizing its power consumption is crucial. Also, considering ULP MCUs have many cost-sensitive applications, the sensor must be small in area, and not require any additional masks or special processing steps. A single-chip solution allows reuse of power management, programmability and control circuits already existing in the MCU for use in the strain sensor IP, reducing the system level cost vs a 2-chip solution.
超低功耗微控制器(mcu)[1] -[4]在嵌入式物联网系统中发挥了核心作用,提供可编程性,模拟和数字处理和控制,a /D接口和电源管理。随着物联网应用的扩展,高效传感正日益成为mcu的一部分。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于130nm 16MHz铁电RAM (FRAM)的MCU,具有sub-1uA嵌入式压电应变传感器和用于ULP运动检测的AFE(图17.4.1)。据我们所知,这是第一个带有嵌入式运动检测应变传感器的MCU。现有的应用程序,将受益于这样的MCU是应用程序,如玩具和遥控器,可以关闭,而不使用。钥匙扣中的运动检测通过防止“中间人”攻击来提高安全性,而钥匙扣则固定在家中。篡改检测和应变计是其他潜在的应用。当用于“运动唤醒”应用程序时,传感器IP一直处于开机状态,等待运动事件。因此,最小化其功耗是至关重要的。此外,考虑到ULP mcu有许多对成本敏感的应用,传感器的面积必须小,并且不需要任何额外的掩模或特殊的处理步骤。单芯片解决方案允许重用MCU中已经存在的电源管理,可编程性和控制电路,用于应变传感器IP,与2芯片解决方案相比,降低了系统级成本。
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引用次数: 1
6.2 A 60Gb/s PAM-4 ADC-DSP Transceiver in 7nm CMOS with SNR-Based Adaptive Power Scaling Achieving 6.9pJ/b at 32dB Loss 6.2一个60Gb/s PAM-4 ADC-DSP收发器,7nm CMOS,基于信噪比的自适应功率缩放,在32dB损耗下实现6.9pJ/b
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662322
Marc-Andre LaCroix, H.C.K. Wong, Yun Hua Liu, H. Ho, Semyon Lebedev, P. Krotnev, Dorin Alexandru Nicolescu, D. Petrov, Carlos Carvalho, Stephen Alie, Euhan Chong, F. A. Musa, D. Tonietto
With the introduction of PAM-4 signaling at 56Gb/s and the decreased benefits of CMOS scaling for high-speed mixed-signal designs, SerDes designers and system architects are faced with severe performance versus power budget constraints. Power management and energy efficiency have become the main drivers for system design. However, industry standards such as EEE have failed to keep up with efficiency demands. In this context the choice between a so-called analog mixed signal (AMS) SerDes architecture vs. an ADC-DSP-based one has been debated at length. AMS provides significantly lower maximum power [2, 4] while ADC-DSP provides higher link margin [1] thus avoiding expensive and power hungry repeater ICs that largely negate the power advantage of AMS SerDes in a system. AMS provides an easier and cheaper approach to implement multi-tap DFEs [3] compared to DSP where it is typically very expensive to implement more than a 1-tap DFE. This paper will show an ADC-DSP SerDes transceiver with a 2-tap DFE is capable of operating error-free over a 38dB link yet having an overall power budget similar to AMS. The same basic SerDes architecture is implemented (Fig. 6.2.1) with minor differences in 16nm and 7nm FinFET, however, power scaling is incorporated into the 7nm version only.
随着56Gb/s的PAM-4信号的引入以及高速混合信号设计中CMOS缩放优势的下降,SerDes设计人员和系统架构师面临着严重的性能与功耗预算限制。电源管理和能源效率已经成为系统设计的主要驱动力。然而,诸如EEE等行业标准未能跟上能效要求。在这种情况下,所谓的模拟混合信号(AMS) SerDes架构与基于adc - dsp的架构之间的选择已经进行了详细的讨论。AMS提供的最大功率明显较低[2,4],而ADC-DSP提供较高的链路余量[1],从而避免了昂贵且耗电的中继器ic,这些中继器ic在很大程度上抵消了系统中AMS SerDes的功率优势。与DSP相比,AMS提供了一种更简单、更便宜的方法来实现多抽头DFE [3], DSP通常非常昂贵地实现多个1抽头DFE。本文将展示具有2分路DFE的ADC-DSP SerDes收发器能够在38dB链路上无错误运行,但总体功耗预算与AMS相似。实现了相同的基本SerDes架构(图6.2.1),在16nm和7nm FinFET中存在微小差异,然而,功率缩放仅纳入7nm版本。
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引用次数: 28
17.5 A 0.8mm3 Ultrasonic Implantable Wireless Neural Recording System With Linear AM Backscattering 17.5线性调幅后向散射的0.8mm3超声植入式无线神经记录系统
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662295
M. M. Ghanbari, David K. Piech, Konlin Shen, Sina Faraji Alamouti, Cem Yalcin, Benjamin C. Johnson, J. Carmena, M. Maharbiz, R. Muller
Miniaturization of implantable neural recording systems to micron-scale volumes will enable minimally invasive implantation and alleviate cortical scarring, gliosis, and resulting signal degradation. Ultrasound (US) power transmission has been demonstrated to have high efficiency and low tissue attenuation for mm-scale implants at depth in tissue [1, 2, 3], but has not been demonstrated with precision recording circuitry. We present an US implantable wireless neural recording system scaled to 0.8mm3, verified to safely operate at 5cm depth with state of the art neural recording performance an average circuit power dissipation of 13μW, and 28.8μW including power conversion efficiency. Sub-mm scale is achieved through single-link power and communication on a single piezocrystal (Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) utilizing linear analog backscattering, small die area, and eliminating all other off-chip components.
将植入式神经记录系统小型化到微米级的体积将使微创植入成为可能,减轻皮质瘢痕、神经胶质瘤和由此产生的信号退化。超声(US)功率传输已被证明在组织深处的mm级植入物中具有高效率和低组织衰减[1,2,3],但尚未被证明具有精确的记录电路。我们提出了一种美国植入式无线神经记录系统,该系统的尺寸为0.8mm3,经验证可在5cm深度下安全工作,其神经记录性能为平均电路功耗13μW,包括功率转换效率为28.8μW。亚毫米级是通过单个压电晶体(锆钛酸铅,PZT)上的单链路电源和通信实现的,利用线性模拟后向散射,小模具面积,消除所有其他片外组件。
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引用次数: 29
20.1 A 5GS/s 7.2 ENOB Time-Interleaved VCO-Based ADC Achieving 30.5fJ/conv-step 20.1 A 5GS/s 7.2 ENOB基于时间交错vco的ADC,实现30.5fJ/反步
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSCC.2019.8662412
Maarten Baert, W. Dehaene
Technology scaling has been very beneficial for digital circuits both in terms of speed and power. Traditional analog techniques however are challenged by the ever-decreasing supply voltages. Highly digital VCO-based ADCs are able to benefit directly from improved digital performance [1]; however, the resolution and sampling rate of state-of-the-art VCO-based designs are insufficient for most applications. This paper presents a faster and more efficient VCO-based ADC architecture based on an improved high-speed, low-power ring oscillator and an asynchronous counting strategy. The architecture is 8× time-interleaved and combined with on-chip calibration. The design is implemented in 28nm CMOS and achieves 45.2dB SNDR (7.2 ENOB) near Nyquist at 5GS/s while consuming only 22.7mW, resulting in a Walden FOM of 30.5fJ/conv-step. The core area is only 0.023mm 2. These results demonstrate that VCO-based ADCs are a viable choice for next-generation Ethernet and high-speed wireless communication.
在速度和功率方面,技术缩放对数字电路非常有益。然而,传统的模拟技术受到不断降低的电源电压的挑战。高度数字化的基于vco的adc能够直接受益于数字性能的提高;然而,最先进的基于vco的设计的分辨率和采样率对于大多数应用来说是不够的。本文提出了一种基于改进的高速低功耗环形振荡器和异步计数策略的更快、更高效的基于vco的ADC架构。该架构是8倍时间交错的,并结合了片上校准。该设计在28nm CMOS上实现,在Nyquist附近以5GS/s的速度实现45.2dB SNDR (7.2 ENOB),而功耗仅为22.7mW,导致Walden FOM为30.5fJ/反步。核心面积仅为0.023mm 2。这些结果表明,基于vco的adc是下一代以太网和高速无线通信的可行选择。
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引用次数: 19
ISSCC 2019 Session 30 Overview: Advanced Wireline Techniques ISSCC 2019会议30概述:先进有线技术
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/isscc.2019.8662525
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引用次数: 0
ISSCC 2019 Session 10 Overview: Sensor Interfaces ISSCC 2019会议10概述:传感器接口
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/isscc.2019.8662487
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引用次数: 0
EE2: How to Save Lives with Circuits EE2:如何用电路拯救生命
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/isscc.2019.8662287
an aging population to reliable communications for first responders, circuits are at the heart of products that address pervasive challenges in our world. Circuit innovation can make our lives better, but to truly tap into the power of circuits, we need to make circuit-based technology accessible and easy to implement in designs. Doing so will empower inventors and entrepreneurs to explore new use cases and leverage technology across domain areas, extending and amplifying the impact of circuit-level innovation. The talk will include some career insights related to this topic. the talk will cover the use of multifunctional neural probes and non-invasive brain neuromodulation in neuroscience, where we are not just passively monitoring the brain, but stimulating the brain for interactive investigation. The workshop highlights circuits and their impact on healthcare-related industries. The goal of the panel is to provide perspectives from system architects, security experts and circuit designers on where we should be heading with the large amount of data that is being generated from more-advanced tests and increased monitoring of our current health status. Security and privacy problems with medical devices and IOT devices in general are in the news on an almost daily basis. One example from 2017 stated: “FDA issues recall of 465,000 pacemakers to patch security holes.” Once medical data is obtained reliably and securely, it is stored on remote servers and in remote databases where there are risks of leaks and data breaches of private medical records. However, it is difficult to put the genie back into the bottle! We have asked our distinguished panel to discuss how circuit designers can contribute to bolster our trust in medical devices and in electronic healthcare systems that manage private medical records. We also encourage the audience to propose attacks and countermeasures.
人口老龄化对第一响应者的可靠通信,电路是解决我们世界中普遍存在的挑战的产品的核心。电路创新可以使我们的生活更美好,但要真正利用电路的力量,我们需要使基于电路的技术易于使用,并易于在设计中实现。这样做将使发明家和企业家能够探索新的用例,并利用跨领域的技术,扩大和放大电路级创新的影响。该演讲将包括与此主题相关的一些职业见解。讲座将涵盖神经科学中多功能神经探针和非侵入性脑神经调节的使用,我们不仅仅是被动地监测大脑,而是刺激大脑进行互动研究。研讨会重点介绍了电路及其对医疗保健相关行业的影响。该小组的目标是提供来自系统架构师、安全专家和电路设计师的观点,让他们了解我们应该如何处理由更高级的测试产生的大量数据,并增加对我们当前健康状态的监控。医疗设备和物联网设备的安全和隐私问题几乎每天都会出现在新闻中。2017年的一个例子是:“FDA召回了46.5万个起搏器,以修补安全漏洞。”一旦可靠和安全地获得医疗数据,就将其存储在远程服务器和远程数据库中,在这些服务器和数据库中存在私人医疗记录泄露和数据泄露的风险。然而,要把精灵放回瓶子里是很难的!我们邀请了我们杰出的专家小组来讨论电路设计师如何能够增强我们对医疗设备和管理私人医疗记录的电子医疗系统的信任。我们也鼓励观众提出攻击和对策。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)
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