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CHALLENGES FACING THE EDUCATION SECTOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE: THE NEED TO RESTRUCTURE INFORMATION SUPPORT 乌克兰戒严条件下教育部门面临的挑战:调整信息支助的必要性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2022-2-5-22
S. Londar, S. Melnyk, H. Tereshchenko
The article deals with the study of a wide range of problems facing the education system as a result of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine. The urgency of this study is conditioned by the need to analyze educational problems, including analytical and information support of the educational sector during the martial law; search for science-based state policy in the field of education, using reliable data in wartime and post-war time. An analysis of the processes that occurred during the first three months of the war shows that the Ministry of Education of Ukraine (MES) has taken unprecedented steps to ensure the continuity of the educational process in all segments of the Ukrainian education system. In particular, the efforts of the MES together with educational and research institutions, international and NGOs, have ensured the stability of the education system, the availability and continuity of the educational process almost throughout Ukraine. It was found that, despite the significant scale of destruction and damage, educational managers with the unprecedented support of the international community and Ukrainian citizens, using various forms of education, managed to ensure the continuation of the educational process. Special procedures have been elaborated for the completion of the school year 2021/2022 and the launch of the university admission campaign in 2022. The main characteristics of educational information support in turbulent social conditions are outlined. In such circumstances, specific requirements were set for analytical and information support to the education sector, since effective management of education requires reliable information and analysis of educational processes within a short period of time. Proposals have been prepared for the organization of informational educational support during martial law. Analysis of military risks was carried out, and a number of suggestions for improving the efficiency of the educational system during the period of martial law and post-war development were formulated. The article summarizes the relevance of continuing the scientific search for ways of information and analytical support under conditions of social turbulence, and, consequently, the need to develop appropriate, evidence-based approaches and methods involving a wide range of stakeholders.
本文研究了俄罗斯对乌克兰的军事侵略所导致的教育系统面临的一系列问题。这项研究的紧迫性取决于需要分析教育问题,包括戒严期间教育部门的分析和信息支持;利用战时和战后的可靠数据,在教育领域寻找以科学为基础的国家政策。对战争头三个月发生的进程的分析表明,乌克兰教育部(MES)采取了前所未有的步骤,以确保乌克兰教育系统所有部分的教育进程的连续性。特别是,MES与教育和研究机构、国际和非政府组织共同努力,确保了教育系统的稳定、教育进程的可提供性和连续性,几乎在乌克兰全境。人们发现,尽管破坏和破坏的规模很大,但教育管理人员在国际社会和乌克兰公民的空前支持下,利用各种形式的教育,设法确保了教育进程的继续。制定了2021/2022学年结束和2022年大学招生运动启动的特别程序。概述了动荡社会条件下教育信息支持的主要特征。在这种情况下,对教育部门的分析和资料支助提出了具体要求,因为有效的教育管理需要在短时间内提供可靠的资料和对教育过程的分析。已经为在戒严令期间组织信息教育支助提出了建议。对军事风险进行了分析,提出了提高戒严时期和战后发展时期教育系统效率的若干建议。本文总结了在社会动荡的条件下继续科学探索信息和分析支持方式的重要性,以及因此需要开发涉及广泛利益相关者的适当的、基于证据的方法和方法。
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引用次数: 1
IMPROVING COMPETENCE OF PEDAGOGICAL STAFF AS AN INDICATOR OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL REFORM 提高教学人员的能力,作为实施乌克兰新学校改革的一个指标
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2021-3-88-102
O. Denysiuk, N. Tytarenko
The concept of reforming general secondary education «New Ukrainian School» defines a number of components that focus on the activities of a contemporary teacher, namely: a motivated teacher who has freedom for creativity and professional development. This component draws attention to the need for the teachers to constantly improve their professional level. This involves improving the competencies acquired during professional higher / pre-higher education and obtaining new competencies, required due to the development of society and modernization of education. Thus, society currently expects teachers to understand the four components of the educational process: what to teach; whom to teach; how to teach and how those who are taught learn. Society’s expectations become reality through the changes caused by the reform of the general secondary education, namely in relation to postgraduate pedagogical education of teachers. The article considers the definition of «postgraduate pedagogical education» and the transformation of approaches to its implementation in regulations, for example, the Procedure for in-service training states that the teacher can choose at their discretion the types and areas of in-service training and service providers for advanced training. To investigate how the teachers use the opportunities provided by the state to improve their professional level, the SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics» has been monitoring the process of implementing the reform of the New Ukrainian School for three years in a row. The group of questions in the questionnaires for teachers participating in the framework of the NUS reform concerned their professional development. The survey was conducted in May-June 2021 among a representative sample of teachers, involving 2217 respondents. The obtained statistics gave grounds to say that primary school teachers use the opportunities provided to them to improve their professional level, which indirectly indicates their desire to successfully implement the reform of the New Ukrainian School.
改革普通中等教育的概念“新乌克兰学校”定义了一些关注当代教师活动的组成部分,即:一个有创造力和专业发展自由的积极教师。这一部分引起了人们对教师需要不断提高专业水平的关注。这包括提高在专业高等教育/预科教育中获得的能力,并获得社会发展和教育现代化所需的新能力。因此,目前社会期望教师了解教育过程的四个组成部分:教什么;教谁;如何教,以及被教的人如何学习。社会的期望通过普通中等教育改革所带来的变化而成为现实,即与研究生教师的教学教育有关。本文考虑了“研究生教学教育”的定义及其在法规中实施方法的转变,例如,在职培训程序规定教师可以自行选择在职培训的类型和领域以及高级培训的服务提供者。为了调查教师如何利用国家提供的机会来提高他们的专业水平,SSI“教育分析研究所”连续三年监测新乌克兰学校实施改革的过程。参与国大改革框架的教师调查问卷中的一组问题涉及他们的专业发展。该调查于2021年5月至6月在具有代表性的教师样本中进行,涉及2217名受访者。所获得的统计数据表明,小学教师利用提供给他们的机会来提高他们的专业水平,这间接表明他们希望成功地实施新乌克兰学校的改革。
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引用次数: 0
HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING MODEL: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE 高等教育资助模式:乌克兰实施的概念和实际结果
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2021-3-17-32
L. Yurchyshena
The problem of financing higher education is becoming increasingly important in both domestic and international practice. Changing approaches to financing models and simultaneous reduction of public funding depends on several factors, mainly due to the transformation process related to the changes in technology, the wave of innovations, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, financial and economic crises causing the review of the role and priorities of the institution of the state, public finance potential on the financing of higher education. The aim of the article is to study theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of the «financing model», assess the results of the introduction of the formula for the allocation of the state budget expenditures between higher education institutions of Ukraine to identify the most impactful components of the model and trends. In the process of our research, we used such methods as: analysis, synthesis, comparison, system analysis, statistical methods (regressions, means, grouping, data distribution), data visualization method and others. Based on a synthesis of approaches of foreign and domestic scholars to the concept of «the funding model», the author proposes to consider it at two levels: macro (public funding, which is a tool for allocating budget funds between the state and higher education institutions under pre-defined conditions, agreements, parameters, indicators) and micro (formed at the level of a separate university, and includes budget and additional funding in certain proportions). The article examines the macro approach to the results of the introduction of the funding formula in 2020–2021, assesses the level of funding for the HEIs, determines the interdependence of the integrated performance indicator and the estimated student body of the HEIs, assesses the strength of relationship, distribution criteria and obtained values (estimated body, scale of activity, regional support, scientific activity, international recognition, employment of graduates). The positive effects of the introduction of the formula model of financing are the implementation of the state educational policy, strategic positioning of universities, the introduction of innovative approaches to management, conducting educational and scientific activities, improving quality indicators. The disadvantage is the dependence on student body studying at the request of the state, limited resources (material, human, financial, etc.) to achieve efficiency (as a result – underfunding), so powerful, innovative universities able to respond to stakeholder requests, produce quality services and effectively promote them in the market of educational services have advantages.
高等教育经费问题在国内外的实践中日益受到重视。融资模式方法的变化和公共资金的同时减少取决于几个因素,主要是由于与技术变革、创新浪潮、2019冠状病毒病大流行的影响、导致对国家机构的作用和优先事项进行审查的金融和经济危机、公共财政对高等教育融资的潜力有关的转型过程。本文的目的是研究理解“融资模式”概念的理论方法,评估引入乌克兰高等教育机构之间国家预算支出分配公式的结果,以确定该模式和趋势中最具影响力的组成部分。在研究过程中,我们使用了分析、综合、比较、系统分析、统计方法(回归、均值、分组、数据分布)、数据可视化等方法。在综合国内外学者对“资助模式”概念的研究方法的基础上,作者建议从两个层面来考虑:宏观(公共资助,这是一种在预先确定的条件、协议、参数和指标下在国家和高等教育机构之间分配预算资金的工具)和微观(在单独的大学层面形成,包括预算和一定比例的额外资助)。本文考察了2020-2021年引入资助公式的结果的宏观方法,评估了高等教育机构的资助水平,确定了综合绩效指标与高等教育机构估计学生群体的相互依存关系,评估了关系的强度、分配标准和获得的价值(估计主体、活动规模、区域支持、科学活动、国际认可、毕业生就业)。引进公式融资模式的积极作用是贯彻国家教育方针,高校战略定位,引进创新管理方式,开展教育科研活动,提高质量指标。缺点是依靠学生主体按国家的要求学习,有限的资源(物力、人力、财力等)来实现效率(结果是资金不足),因此实力雄厚、具有创新精神的大学能够响应利益相关者的要求,提供优质的服务并有效地在教育服务市场中推广具有优势。
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引用次数: 1
MONITORING OF INDICATORS OF EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 高等院校设备物资采购指标监测
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2021-1-39-54
V. Gapon, O. Barabash
The authors studied the legal documents on the collection and processing of sectoral reports on the logistics of higher education institutions (HEI). The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the state of logistics of the HEIs of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine using specific statistical and financial indicators. The method of system and structural-hierarchical analysis is applied in the work, it was used to develop the information model of information collection and processing, the methodology and technology of information databases formation; a statistical method for determining the relationships between indicators and developing a system of analytical indicators. For the information and analytical support, the data from the databases «Legal Entities» and «Financial and Economic Reporting» are used, formed using common methodological principles. Analytical indicators make it possible to assess the condition of academic buildings and dormitories, make it possible to identify technically obsolete facilities in need of repair, modernization or decommissioning. To do this, a number of indicators have been calculated and presented, including the provision of space in academic buildings and dormitories per full-time student, the average annual cost of maintaining one square meter of building area, the coefficient of wear and tear, etc. Analytical data are formed based on the financial results of the HEIs for the year 2019 in Ukraine as a whole, for each group of the HEIs and each institution of higher education. The obtained results make possible operational monitoring of the working efficiency of academic buildings and dormitories. The proposed framework of data processing, storage and usage provides high-quality analytical information when making management decisions on logistics issues of the HEIs. The topic of further research should be the development of the information and analytical system combining and using indicators of two information databases, namely «Legal Entities» and «Financial and Economic Reporting».
作者研究了关于收集和处理高等教育机构后勤部门报告的法律文件。本文的目的是使用具体的统计和财务指标对乌克兰教育和科学部高等教育机构的后勤状况进行比较分析。在工作中运用了系统分析和结构层次分析的方法,建立了信息收集与处理的信息模型,建立了信息数据库的方法和技术;确定指标之间关系和发展分析指标体系的一种统计方法。为了提供信息和分析支持,使用了使用共同方法原则形成的“法律实体”和“财务和经济报告”数据库中的数据。分析性指标使我们能够评估教学楼和宿舍的状况,使我们能够确定技术上过时的设施,需要维修、现代化或退役。为了做到这一点,我们计算并提出了一些指标,包括每个全日制学生提供的教学楼和宿舍空间,维护一平方米建筑面积的平均年成本,磨损系数等。分析数据是根据2019年乌克兰所有高等教育机构、每组高等教育机构和每个高等教育机构的财务结果形成的。所得结果为对教学楼和宿舍的工作效率进行操作监控提供了可能。建议的数据处理、储存及使用架构,可为高等教育院校就物流事宜作出管理决策提供高质素的分析资料。进一步研究的课题应该是结合和利用“法人实体”和“财务和经济报告”两个信息数据库指标的信息和分析系统的发展。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN PRACTICES OF THE YOUTH POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE FORMATION OF YOUNG POLITICAL ELITE IN UKRAINE 欧洲青年政策实施实践在乌克兰青年政治精英形成中的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2022-3-119-127
Tanya Daragan, O. Vlasyuk
The article is devoted to the study of the organization of student self-government in two European countries, such as France and England. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze and thus introduce the best experience of leading universities in Western Europe on the functioning of student unions. Student activity in European HEIs is aimed not only at obtaining high-quality higher education but also at active social and public activities. As a result, in various unions, students acquire primary skills in organizing election companies and acquire the basics of management and political experience. The article reveals that the activities of student self-government in France are mainly reflected in the work of the various student unions. Students should be elected and work in councils of students and, therefore, gain experience in electoral campaigns. Student unions are politically oriented, and their members have certain political preferences, but they do not openly support any political party. Student union activity in England is characterized by excessive politicization, which is a consequence of the history of its establishment. Hence, all forms of political life in England are reflected in the activities of student unions. Through their activities, student unions seek to involve more young people in public life. For this, seminars and conferences are held, various manuals are printed and different projects are implemented. Financial support for the work of student councils not only creates good conditions for their activities but also requires justification for the use of funds and is constantly monitored. Thus, students acquire the skills of correct and balanced use of finance and timely reporting on expenditures. According to the results of the study, the authors found that the experience of student government in France and England is essential for the development of student democracy in Ukraine, as well as for determining the form of youth involvement in social and political life (both within their community and within the state). Prospects for further research include an analysis of the impact of the activities of student self-government bodies of Ukrainian HEIs on the formation of the civic position of youth, as well as the development of a new political elite of the country.
本文以法国和英国两个欧洲国家的学生自治组织为研究对象。这项研究的相关性是由于需要分析并因此介绍西欧主要大学在学生会运作方面的最佳经验。欧洲高等学校的学生活动不仅旨在获得高质量的高等教育,而且还包括积极的社会和公共活动。因此,在各种工会中,学生掌握了组织选举公司的基本技能,并获得了管理和政治经验的基本知识。文章揭示了法国学生自治的活动主要体现在各个学生会的工作上。学生应该当选并在学生会工作,从而获得竞选活动的经验。学生会是政治性的,其成员有一定的政治倾向,但不公开支持任何政党。英国学生会活动的特点是过度政治化,这是其成立历史的结果。因此,英国所有形式的政治生活都反映在学生会的活动中。通过他们的活动,学生会试图让更多的年轻人参与公共生活。为此举行了讨论会和会议,印制了各种手册,执行了不同的项目。对学生会工作的财政支持不仅为其活动创造了良好的条件,而且还需要有使用资金的理由,并受到不断的监测。因此,学生掌握了正确和平衡地使用财务和及时报告支出的技能。根据研究结果,作者发现,法国和英国学生政府的经验对于乌克兰学生民主的发展以及确定青年参与社会和政治生活的形式(无论是在他们的社区内还是在国家内)至关重要。进一步研究的前景包括分析乌克兰高等学校学生自治机构的活动对青年公民地位形成的影响,以及该国新政治精英的发展。
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引用次数: 0
APPROACHES TO FORECASTING INDICATORS TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR TEACHERS IN THE SYSTEM OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION 预测指标以确定普通中等教育系统对教师的需求的方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2021-3-70-87
V. Gapon, Mariia Sharaievska, Tatiana Derepa
Considering the current stage of development of general secondary education, one of the most important issues is to provide qualified pedagogical staff to the general secondary education institutions (GSEIs). This research examines the framework for forecasting the indicators of the general secondary education system using demographic information and statistical reporting data at the national and regional levels by types of territory (urban settlements, rural areas). New approaches to the analysis of the information environment for forecasting the evolution of indicators have been implemented and the set tasks have been thoroughly researched. The logical sequence of the indicators was defined so the principles and methods of forecasting can be implemented. The framework for the created models and applied methods used for calculating the forecast values of indicators was substantiated, in particular the general school body, number of pupils of ninth grade who will continue attending tenth grade, number of pedagogical staff, teachers and teachers of retirement age still working. The calculations of the forecast school body for the period of 2020/2021–2024/2025 academic years allow identifying certain trends in migration and demographic processes occurring in the regions of Ukraine. Estimated forecast values for the period of 2020/2021–2024/2025 academic years for the number of pedagogical staff, teachers and teachers of retirement age still working allows us to assess the annual additional need for qualified personnel for the GSEIs. The usage of the obtained results will become an important background for the creation of multifactor models to simultaneously take into account the impact of several factors on the development of the forecast system and assess the prospects for its development in the future.
考虑到普通中等教育的发展阶段,为普通中等教育机构提供合格的教学人员是最重要的问题之一。这项研究审查了利用国家和区域各级按领土类型(城市住区、农村地区)的人口资料和统计报告数据预测普通中等教育系统指标的框架。已经实施了分析信息环境以预测指标演变的新方法,并对既定任务进行了深入研究。确定了指标的逻辑顺序,从而实现了预测的原则和方法。所建立的模型框架和用于计算指标预测值的应用方法得到了证实,特别是一般学校机构、将继续上十年级的九年级学生人数、教学人员、教师和退休年龄仍在工作的教师人数。对2020/2021-2024/2025学年期间的预测学校机构的计算可以确定乌克兰地区发生的移民和人口进程的某些趋势。在2020/2021-2024/2025学年期间,教师、教师和退休年龄仍在工作的教师人数的估计预测值,使我们能够评估每年对gsei合格人员的额外需求。所获得的结果的使用将成为创建多因素模型的重要背景,以同时考虑多个因素对预测系统发展的影响,并评估其未来的发展前景。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NUS IMPLEMENTATION IN PILOT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE SURVEY OF 4TH GRADE STUDENTS PARENTS FOR THE 2020-2021 ACADEMIC YEAR 基于2020-2021学年四年级学生家长调查结果的试点教育机构nus实施效果评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2021-3-103-112
V. Tkachenko, Tetiana Dron
The article contains the survey results of students’ parents conducted as part of monitoring the state of the New Ukrainian School implementation, as an effective tool for assessing the effectiveness of the NUS implementation in pilot educational institutions. The main purpose of the article is to review the survey results to assess qualitative changes in the children education and development in the context of the new State Standard of Primary Education and the New Ukrainian School, parents’ attitudes to the educational process of their children in the context of new approaches to learning, meaning pilot classes of soft skills in the implementation of new methods and approaches, because it is the parents of students who have the opportunity to monitor changes in the mood and development of their children. Most students` parents noted the positive changes in learning, the formation of skills and abilities of their children in the context of the new State Standard of Primary Education implementation. A significant proportion of parents noted that their children were in a positive, optimistic and uplifting mood. The results of the survey allowed us to assess the impact of the new State Standard of Primary Education implementation and to identify further steps to facilitate the reform of the NUS, to determine the attitude of parents as participants in the educational process to the innovations in Ukrainian education. In general, most parents of the students stated positive changes in the education, formation of skills and abilities of their children after the implementation of the new State Standard of Primary Education. A significant proportion of parents noted that their children were in a positive, optimistic and uplifting mood. In general, the respondents noted positive changes in the development of students, therefore, further implementation of the concept of the NUS is a rational and effective approach to reforming the education sector in Ukraine.
这篇文章包含了学生家长的调查结果,作为监测新乌克兰学校实施状况的一部分,作为评估新加坡国立大学在试点教育机构实施有效性的有效工具。本文的主要目的是回顾调查结果,以评估在新的小学教育国家标准和新乌克兰学校背景下儿童教育和发展的质的变化,家长对孩子在新的学习方法背景下的教育过程的态度,意味着软技能试点班在新方法和方法的实施,因为只有学生的家长才有机会监控孩子的情绪变化和发展。大多数学生的家长注意到,在实施新的国家小学教育标准的背景下,他们的孩子在学习、技能和能力的形成方面发生了积极的变化。相当大比例的父母指出,他们的孩子处于积极、乐观和振奋的情绪中。调查结果使我们能够评估新的小学教育国家标准实施的影响,并确定进一步的步骤,以促进国立大学的改革,以确定家长作为教育过程参与者对乌克兰教育创新的态度。总的来说,大多数学生家长表示,在实施新的国家小学教育标准后,他们的孩子在教育、技能和能力的形成方面发生了积极的变化。相当大比例的父母指出,他们的孩子处于积极、乐观和振奋的情绪中。总的来说,受访者注意到学生发展的积极变化,因此,进一步实施NUS的概念是改革乌克兰教育部门的合理和有效的方法。
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引用次数: 0
RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF MODERNIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN UKRAINE 乌克兰高等教育体系现代化的成果与展望
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2022-2-35-44
O. Dashkovska, V. Pogrebnyak
This publication summarizes the results of applied scientific work carried out in the State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization" (IECM) during 2016-2022. The article studies the state of implementation of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", focused on the modernization of domestic higher education, and assesses the European integration orientation of the measures and tools introduced. The results of a comprehensive study of all components of the higher education system are highlighted. In particular, the dynamics of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the network of educational institutions and contingents of participants in the educational process, the modernization of the structure of higher education and the methodology for forming the content of education were analyzed (introduction of modern levels and degrees, list of specialities, introduction of new standards and educational programs). The article evaluates the process of solving the key educational problem – creation of a transparent and effective system of higher education quality, including the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (NAQA). The paper analyses changes and additions made to the legislative base, its target orientation and the validity of some of them. It has been established that in the process of implementation of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", which were also changed during its operation, an integral system of higher education and a system of ensuring the quality of educational services were built in the higher education system of Ukraine. It has been concluded that all of this makes domestic higher education more competitive in the international market of educational services and the labor market, bringing it closer to European quality standards, and speeding up the process of integration into the European educational space of higher education.
本出版物总结了2016-2022年国家科学机构“教育内容现代化研究所”(IECM)开展的应用科学工作的成果。本文研究了乌克兰“高等教育法”条款的实施状况,重点关注国内高等教育的现代化,并评估了引入的措施和工具的欧洲一体化取向。对高等教育系统的所有组成部分进行全面研究的结果是突出的。特别是,分析了教育机构网络和教育过程参与者队伍的数量和质量特征变化的动态,高等教育结构的现代化以及形成教育内容的方法(引入现代水平和学位,专业列表,引入新标准和教育计划)。本文评估了解决关键教育问题的过程——建立一个透明有效的高等教育质量体系,包括国家高等教育质量保障局(NAQA)。本文分析了立法基础的变化和补充、立法的目标定位以及部分立法的有效性。已经确定的是,在执行乌克兰“高等教育法”条款的过程中,乌克兰高等教育系统建立了一个完整的高等教育系统和一个确保教育服务质量的系统。结论是,所有这些都使国内高等教育在国际教育服务市场和劳动力市场上更具竞争力,使其更接近欧洲的质量标准,并加快融入欧洲高等教育空间的进程。
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引用次数: 0
FINANCING EDUCATION SECTOR DURING THE MARTIAL LAW: BEST PRACTICES 戒严令期间教育部门的融资:最佳做法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2022-3-104-118
O. Anisimova
Adequate financing of education is necessary to maintain an efficient system and provide high quality education. The armed conflicts have a negative impact on economic development, as a result, the available resources become limited. Usually, the education sector is not a priority for financing, but educating the population remains important. The purpose of our article is to determine the best practices of funding the education sector during wars and armed conflicts. Our analysis of the impact of the wars and armed conflicts on the economic development of the parties involved showed that the lack of funds leads to the reallocation of the government expenditures towards military and defense sectors, usually at the expense of others, including education. It has been established that the impact of armed conflicts on the financing of the education sector is determined by several factors, in particular, the drop in economic growth rates, the disruption of trade relations, and the reallocation of expenditures from other sectors to defense and the army. This means that the state requires external help to finance educational sector. Globalization caused the growing interdependence of the national economies, so the neighbor countries are particularly interested in resolving that conflict and supporting the afflicted party. As such the interna­tional community created a program to support education development in emergencies (including natural disasters, wars, armed conflicts etc.) and practical recommendations for their implementation. There are several parts of the program for different scenarios including creating temporary facilities to provide preschool and school education, and relocation of the children (including abroad) for the purposes of subsequent repatriation or integration. As a result, the external support includes official development aid (financing the education sector of the recipient) and providing aid to the refugees. It has been established that at the moment only 29 countries are donors of the official development assistance in the field of education, and most of it is provided by 5 countries. On the other hand, most of developed countries have established practices to provide help for education of the migrants and refugees.
充足的教育资金是维持一个有效的系统和提供高质量教育的必要条件。武装冲突对经济发展产生了消极影响,因此,可用的资源变得有限。通常,教育部门不是融资的重点,但教育人口仍然很重要。本文的目的是确定在战争和武装冲突期间为教育部门提供资金的最佳做法。我们对战争和武装冲突对有关各方经济发展的影响的分析表明,缺乏资金导致政府将开支重新分配给军事和国防部门,通常以牺牲包括教育在内的其他部门为代价。已经确定的是,武装冲突对教育部门经费筹措的影响是由几个因素决定的,特别是经济增长率的下降、贸易关系的中断以及从其他部门的开支重新分配给国防和军队。这意味着国家需要外部帮助来资助教育部门。全球化使各国经济日益相互依存,因此邻国对解决这一冲突和支持受害一方特别感兴趣。因此,国际社会制定了一项计划,支持紧急情况下(包括自然灾害、战争、武装冲突等)的教育发展,并提出了实施这些计划的实际建议。该计划的几个部分针对不同的情况,包括创建临时设施以提供学前教育和学校教育,以及为随后的遣返或融入而重新安置儿童(包括在国外)。因此,外部支助包括官方发展援助(资助受援国的教育部门)和向难民提供援助。现已确定,目前只有29个国家是教育领域官方发展援助的捐助国,其中大部分是由5个国家提供的。另一方面,大多数发达国家都有为移民和难民的教育提供帮助的惯例。
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引用次数: 0
MODERN CHALLENGES IN THE PRACTICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION 高等师范院校未来教师实践培训面临的现代挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32987/2617-8532-2022-1-40-53
M. Vovk, S. Solomakha, Yuliia Hryshchenko
The article describes the state of conducting various types of practice in higher education institutions based on the results of a survey of teachers, practice managers. The results of the survey of teachers, practice managers showed that teachers are aware of the need to implement qualitative changes in the conduct of practice, including the creation of high-quality scientific and methodological support for the conduct of practice; the establishment of a stable relationship with educational institutions; the need to develop virtual resources for the organization of practice; the use of practice results in the research work, in the creation of a database; the structuring of the content of practice on the interdisciplinary basis; the establishment of an effective partnership between the management of institutions of higher pedagogical or professional pre-higher education, educational institutions, and other stakeholders; the expediency of interaction with scientific institutions while improving the process of conducting practice at various levels; the need for decent payment for managing the practice, etc. We outlined the current challenges in organizing practical training of future teachers at bachelor's, master's and doctoral educational levels, including the need to preserve the traditions of conducting various types of practice formed in the institutions of higher or professional pre-higher education; ensuring the use of interactive forms, methods, technologies to form appropriate professional competencies within the practice; the expediency of establishing a partnership with educational institutions, organizations, branches; the need to use remote forms of organizing practice, which is especially important in the context of a pandemic (Google Moodle programs, Microsoft Classroom, Teams, Zoom, Hangouts, and Skype communication platforms); ensuring the pragmatism of the organization of various types of practice, which is focusing on the collection and systematization of empirical material for writing qualification papers, on mastering the real «tools» of future professional activities.
本文根据对高校教师、实践管理人员的调查结果,描述了高校开展各类实践活动的现状。对教师、实践管理者的调查结果表明,教师意识到需要在实践行为中实施质变,包括为实践行为创造高质量的科学和方法支持;与教育机构建立稳定的关系;开发实践组织虚拟资源的必要性在研究工作中运用实践成果,建立数据库;跨学科基础上的实践内容构建;在高等师范或专业学前教育机构的管理层、教育机构和其他利益相关者之间建立有效的伙伴关系;在改进各级实践过程中与科研机构互动的方便性;管理这种做法需要适当的报酬,等等。我们概述了目前在组织学士、硕士和博士教育水平的未来教师的实践培训方面面临的挑战,包括需要保持在高等或专业预科教育机构中形成的进行各种实践的传统;确保使用互动形式、方法和技术,在实践中形成适当的专业能力;与教育机构、组织、分支机构建立伙伴关系的便利性;需要使用远程形式的组织实践,这在大流行的背景下尤其重要(谷歌Moodle项目、微软课堂、Teams、Zoom、Hangouts和Skype通信平台);确保各种类型的实践组织的实用主义,其重点是收集和整理撰写资格论文的经验材料,掌握未来专业活动的真正“工具”。
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引用次数: 1
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Educational Analytics of Ukraine
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