Coordination Chemistry Reviews最新文献

The development of functional nanoprobes and nanomedicines has long been a focal point in the realm of precision cancer therapeutics. A particularly noteworthy and promising trend in current research involves integrating diagnostic methods and treatment techniques within a single nanosystem. The luminescence phenomenon known as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has garnered substantial attention in disease diagnosis. Recently, quite a few AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) have been developed as photothermal or photodynamic photosensitizers (PSs) for anticancer phototherapy. Particularly, the aggregation-dependent luminescent feature of AIEgens has natural correlations with the assembly construction of nanomedicines. With a variety of AIEgen-based nanosystems devised for cancer diagnosis and therapy in recent years, it is timely to delineate the latest advancements in this field at the intersection of AIE and biomedical nanotechnology. This review will concentrate on the emerging AIEgen-functionalized nanotherapeutics, encompassing AIEgen-illuminated nanoprobes for tumor-specific imaging and AIEgen-functionalized nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Also, we discuss the prospects and challenges in the clinical translation of AIE-functionalized nanomedicines.

Electrocatalysis technology plays a significant role in promoting efficient energy conversion, where the performance of the catalyst directly determines the efficiency and feasibility of the electrochemical reactions. Among the many studied catalytic materials, tungsten-based catalysts have attracted widespread attention due to their tunable oxidation states and complex chemical states, making significant progress, especially in energy conversion-related electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we reviewed the progress in the application of tungsten-based electrocatalysts in key energy conversion processes relevant to the hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen catalysis reactions. The preparation of tungsten-based catalysts and their advantages and disadvantages was first presented, and then the application of tungsten-based catalytic materials in the field of electrocatalysis was shown based on the classified topics. For each electrochemical process, the basic principles are briefly discussed, and the latest progress in the design, preparation, and application of tungsten-based electrocatalysts is summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of developing tungsten-based materials are proposed, aiming to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the innovative design and application development of tungsten-based catalytic materials and to promote technological progress in the field of energy conversion.

“Bioorthogonal chemistry” refers to chemical reactions between functional groups not generally present in biological systems and can occur under physiological conditions without interfering with or affecting the surrounding biochemical processes. Metal-catalyzed bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool in chemical biology, and biomedicine to establish new-to-nature reactions in living systems. Over the past decade, iridium-catalyzed bioorthogonal reactions in the biological environment have made significant progress, which has gained immense traction in this field. Iridium-promoted bioorthogonal chemistry in the complex cellular milieu has exhibited widespread applications, including intracellular probe release, protein labeling, prodrug activation, intracellular redox imbalance, etc. In this Review, we have summarized the development of organoiridium catalysts for various intracellular chemical transformations and their applications in living settings. Further, the evolution of iridium complexes as (photo)catalytic anticancer agents has been discussed. Additionally, this Review provided several future opportunities, thus paving the way for further designing of organoiridium catalysts for potential applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.

In order to alleviate the shortage of fossil energy, it is an effective way to explore superior electrocatalysts for overall water splitting (OWS) to obtain hydrogen energy. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have become one of the most promising candidates for OWS due to their diversified chemical composition, high specific surface area and porosity, accessible catalytic sites as well as adjustable electronic structure. The synthesis of modified conductive MOFs such as sulfur-modified MOFs and corresponding derivatives could accelerate the multi-electron transfer and reduce the energy barrier during the catalytic process. In this review, the common MOF precursors and the mechanism of water splitting including oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are briefly introduced. More importantly, we aim to elaborate recent advances related to sulfur-modified MOFs which have been incorporated sulfur-containing modifiers such as metal sulfides and sulfur-functionalized ligands. The classification, advantages and synthetic strategies of modified MOFs are in focus. Finally, the application prospect and potential challenges of sulfur-modified MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts are summarized.

Dearomative photocycloaddition reactions offer a powerful strategy to construct sp³-rich 3D frameworks adorned with diverse functionalities from readily available 2D feedstocks. This method leverages visible light to drive cascades of energy transfer (EnT) or single electron transfer (SET) mediated by organic or transition metal photosensitizers (e.g., ruthenium (Ru), chromium (Cr), and iridium (Ir)). These reactions represent a compelling alternative to harsh thermal methods, enabling the formation of complex molecules under mild conditions. The inherent potential for dearomatizing polycyclic arenes and heteroarenes makes dearomative cycloaddition a highly sought-after synthetic approach. It stands as a rival to nature-inspired synthesis, allowing for the creation of intricate scaffolds in the lab through the synergistic interplay of visible light and transition metal complexes. Inspired by the prowess of transition metal-mediated dearomative cycloadditions, this comprehensive review delves into the progress made over the past decade in photocatalytic dearomative cycloaddition/annulation reactions. The unique photophysical properties of these metal complexes enable the formation of CC bonds with exceptional efficiency and selectivity. We dissect the mechanistic details of EnT and SET processes, illuminating the critical roles of light absorption, excited state generation, and substrate activation by the metal complexes. Subsequently, we explore the mechanisms, substrate scope, and synthetic transformations of dearomative cycloadditions involving hetero- and carbocyclic arenes (e.g., 2 + 2, 3 + 2, 4 + 2). The potential for discovering therapeutically relevant molecules through this approach will be addressed. We acknowledge the limitations and future directions for advancement. Finally, a miscellaneous section will highlight noteworthy research findings beyond the core focus, further emphasizing the captivating potential of dearomative photocycloadditions.

Carbon nano allotropes, comprising zero to three dimensional nanostructures have ushered in a transformative era in materials science and engineering. Their unique properties have transcended classical boundaries in physics and chemistry, displaying exceptional quantum hall effects and challenging the conventional notions of atomic interactions. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of carbon encapsulated metal nanoparticles (CEMNs), offering an inclusive exploration of their historical development, fundamental properties, synthesis protocols, surface properties, changes in carbon properties pre- and post-encapsulation, thorough characterizations, magnetic behaviours, and diverse applications. In the same line, this article investigates into the selective incorporation of functional moieties such as -X (Cl, Br), -NH₂, -NO₂, -OH, -COOH, and bulky aromatic groups onto CEMNs through both covalent and non-covalent surface modifications. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the surface chemistry of CEMNs is presented, providing valuable insights for both graduate students and experts working on carbon materials. Thus, this manuscript elucidates instrumental methodologies employed in early investigations and fabrication of CEMNs, highlighting recent modifications and advancements in the experimental setup. A special emphasis is placed on understanding the encapsulation mechanism, factors influencing the carbon encapsulation process, and considerations regarding the toxicity of CEMNs, addressing potential limitations for their commercial applications.

In natural gas refining, separation of CO₂ from methane is an important research issue, because CO₂ wastes natural gas energy and causes pipeline corrosion. Compared to common technologies, adsorption-based processes are noteworthy for gas separation because they are inexpensive and have high efficiency. A type of composite consists of a polymer matrix and organic or inorganic fillers. By integrating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into the polymer matrix, composites with a defect-free surface are formed because organic linkers in MOFs can provide a suitable combination with organic polymers to form a proper membrane for separation of the CO₂/CH₄ gases. Here, an attempt has been made to investigate various types of composites based on their nature, the impact of functional groups in the structure of MOFs, as well as two-dimensional MOFs on the separation efficiency of CO₂ and CH₄ gases.

Radiotherapy (RT) is a conventional form of tumor treatment that uses X-ray irradiation to eliminate tumors. Although RT plays an important role in treating tumor patients and improving their survival rate, the phenomenon of tumor recurrence often occurs after RT due to the resistance of some tumor cells to radiation or the incomplete clearance of tumor tissues. A variety of factors contribute to radiation resistance in tumors, including cancer metabolism, abnormal tumor microenvironment like hypoxia, dense extracellular matrix, irregular blood vessels, and the presence of cancer stem cells. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the causes of radiation resistance and further develop strategies to empower RT, so as to reduce RT-related adverse effects and obtain efficient therapy. This review comprehensively summarizes the causes of tumor cell radiation resistance in detail, and elucidates the use of nanomedicines to achieve the purpose of reversing radiation resistance or improving radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Furthermore, the applications of nanomedicines in the synergistic antitumor therapy of RT combined with other therapeutic modalities are also discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nanomedicines to empower RT and thus achieve complete tumor eradication in preclinical trials are presented.

Phototherapy, which mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a new type of tumor therapy that uses a specific light source to irradiate enriched phototherapy drugs at the tumor site and produce reactive oxygen species or induce a photothermal action to kill the tumor. Human serum albumin (HSA)—the most abundant carrier protein in serum—has diverse binding domains; thus, it can be used as a carrier to bind various photosensitizers and photothermal converting agents (PTCAs) to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PDT and PTT. Compared to traditional tumor therapy, phototherapy administered via HSA delivery has the advantages of strong targeting and less trauma and has been widely studied to date. However, this interesting topic has not yet been systematically reviewed. Herein, we focus on the recent research progress on photosensitizers and PTCAs in HSA-delivered PDT and PTT, including their design and synthesis, tumor-targeting mechanisms, and tumor therapeutic applications. Furthermore, as clinical tumor treatment methods, PDT and PTT still have several drawbacks and limitations, such as the inability to spread to metastatic tumors, the dependence on the dose of photosensitizers and PTCAs, low light tissue penetration, and the requirement to avoid light for patients during treatment. This important review may facilitate the development of enhanced photosensitizers and PTCAs to provide highly powerful research tools for basic medical studies aimed at improving the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cancer.

Food safety is one of the significant global problems that has gained widespread attention all over the world. Consequently, it is crucial to develop sensitive and reliable detection technologies to ensure food safety. Notably, biosensing technologies have been widely applied in the analysis of food hazard factors due to their merits of portability, versatility, good sensitivity, rapid response, and reusability. To further improve the detection performance of biosensors, click chemistry has been successfully applied in the design and construction of biosensors because of its numerous advantages, such as moderate reaction conditions, high efficiency, no by-products, and accurate selectivity. In recent years, click chemistry-mediated biosensing platforms have obtained extensive applications in the area of food safety detection. By combining with portable analytical devices, the on-site detection of food hazard factors can be realized. In this review, we for the first time thoroughly summarized the recent advances on the click chemistry-based biosensing platform and portable analytical devices for food safety detection. First of all, the common click reactions and mechanisms involved in the construction of biosensors were introduced and discussed. Then, the design and construction of the biosensing platforms and portable analytical devices based on click chemistry were summarized, and their strengths and weaknesses were also discussed and summarized. Ultimately, attention was focused on the applications of click chemistry-enabled biosensing platforms and portable analytical devices in the detection of food hazard factors (e.g., pesticide residues, foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins, antibiotics, food allergic proteins, and heavy metal ions). Impressively, future obstacles and chances in the development and applications of click chemistry-based biosensing platforms were tentatively put forward.