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PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE GLOBAL SPACE 数字经济在全球空间的发展前景
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.281234
Svitlana Tkachenko
The era of active development of digital technologies has significantly changed the lives of people, conditions for doing business, the work of government bodies. Starting from the last decades of the twentieth century. Тhe term digital economy appeared and is actively used in scientific circulation mickey. During this period, there was a breakthrough in the field of digital technologies, the development of the Internet and related services, which led to the digitalization of various spheres of life sti. Digitalization processes are global in nature, and their pace is increasing year by year. Because digital technologies can connect and connect people and businesses directly and across national borders, old approaches to regional economic integration may not be feasible in the near future. Humanity is now entering one of the most important periods in its history. The industrial era relied on expanded reproduction and the involvement of all available resources in the economic circulation. But this stage of development of the world economy is coming to an end. Until recently, industry required the creation of gigantic enterprises and social structures in order to take full advantage of economies of scale. Mass character, standardization, interchangeability became the hallmarks of the second half of the 20th century. In this situation, the importance of technology increases. Possession of high technologies, especially leadership in them, means a strategic advantage in the modern world. New advanced production technologies, for example, robotics, 3D printing, significantly reduce the share of labor costs in total costs, making it expedient to return some of the foreign production facilities of multinational companies to the parent jurisdiction or to neighboring states.The process of digital transformation of the world economy is uneven and various countries of the world are affected to varying degrees. As the world becomes more and more decentralized politically and economically, consumers, services, processes and businesses continue to be digitally integrated. The simultaneous growth of digital integration and economic nationalism is transforming the economic, political and business environment, creating a completely new model for the development of the world economy, which, in particular, is characterized by a slowdown in the dynamics of international trade in traditional goods and services, as opposed to information and IT services.
数字技术积极发展的时代已经大大改变了人们的生活,做生意的条件,政府机构的工作。从二十世纪的最后几十年开始。Тhe数字经济一词出现并在科技流通领域得到积极应用。在此期间,数字技术领域出现了突破,互联网和相关服务的发展导致了生活各个领域的数字化。数字化进程本质上是全球性的,其速度正在逐年加快。由于数字技术可以直接跨越国界将人和企业联系起来,旧的区域经济一体化方法在不久的将来可能不再可行。人类现在正进入其历史上最重要的时期之一。工业时代依赖于扩大的再生产和经济循环中所有可用资源的参与。但世界经济的这一发展阶段即将结束。直到最近,工业还需要建立庞大的企业和社会结构,以便充分利用规模经济。大众化、标准化、可互换性成为20世纪下半叶的标志。在这种情况下,技术的重要性增加了。拥有高科技,尤其是在高科技领域的领导地位,在现代世界意味着战略优势。新的先进生产技术,如机器人、3D打印等,大大降低了劳动力成本在总成本中所占的份额,使得跨国公司在国外的一些生产设施回归母国或邻国成为一种权宜之计。世界经济数字化转型的进程是不平衡的,世界各国都受到不同程度的影响。随着世界在政治和经济上变得越来越分散,消费者、服务、流程和企业继续进行数字化整合。数字一体化和经济民族主义的同步增长正在改变经济、政治和商业环境,为世界经济发展创造了一种全新的模式,特别是以传统商品和服务的国际贸易动态放缓为特征,而不是信息和IT服务。
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引用次数: 0
MARKETING MECHANISM IN THE SPHERE OF CUSTOMS SERVICES 海关服务领域的市场机制
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.279476
D. Mishchenko, V. Khurdei, V. Datsenko, T. Dronova
 The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the marketing mechanism in the field of customs services. The definition of customs marketing as a management concept in market conditions is given. It is noted that the modern concept of customs services marketing is aimed at solving the problems of economic security and promoting trade through the use of customs tools at the level of international standards. The purpose of customs marketing is to increase the quality and competitiveness of customs administration, to ensure the prerequisites and optimal conditions for promoting international trade, to accelerate foreign trade turnover and to ensure the comfort of conducting foreign economic activities without reducing the effectiveness of customs control. It is emphasized that the marketing of customs services is a doctrine, a business philosophy, a tool for assessing the spheres of foreign economic activity, monitoring customs services and the activities of customs authorities, a technology for identifying requirements, demand and active promotion of customs services at the business and state level for the formation, search and service of meeting needs clients and participants in foreign economic activity. It has been proven that the ultimate goal of the functioning and development of the sphere of customs services is the effective coordination of all areas of activity of customs authorities with the requirements of the modern market. Practical solutions for the development of marketing in the customs sphere are offered. The main measures necessary for the further development of the marketing system in the customs sphere and ensuring the quality and high efficiency of customs services have been determined. Provisions have been formulated regarding the formation of an effective balanced customs system, ensuring its effectiveness and improving the quality of the range of services provided.
本文致力于研究市场营销机制在海关服务领域的运作特点。给出了在市场条件下海关营销作为一种管理理念的定义。委员会指出,海关服务销售的现代概念旨在通过在国际标准水平上使用海关工具来解决经济安全和促进贸易的问题。海关营销的目的是提高海关管理的质量和竞争力,确保促进国际贸易的先决条件和最佳条件,加快对外贸易周转,确保对外经济活动的舒适性,而不降低海关监管的有效性。它强调,海关服务营销是一种理论,一种经营理念,一种评估外国经济活动领域,监测海关服务和海关当局活动的工具,一种确定要求,需求和积极促进企业和国家一级海关服务的技术,以形成,寻找和服务满足客户和外国经济活动参与者的需求。事实证明,海关服务领域的运作和发展的最终目标是使海关当局的所有活动领域与现代市场的要求有效协调。为海关领域的营销发展提供了切实可行的解决方案。确定了进一步发展海关领域销售制度和确保海关服务质量和高效率所需的主要措施。制定了建立有效、平衡的海关体系的规定,确保其有效性,提高所提供服务的质量。
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引用次数: 0
MANAGEMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE OF MARTIAL 管理戒严条件下地方政府机关的财政保障制度
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.281211
S. Osypenko
The purpose of the article is to determine the features managing the system financial support local self-government bodies under martial law and to find new ways to increase their financial capacity to solve tasks in new realities. The key changes in the norms of budget legislation regarding the management of the system financial support local self-government bodies introduced in the conditions of martial law were determined. It was established that legislative innovations to a certain extent contradict the principles of decentralization, but their adoption made it possible to stabilize the financial situation both at the state and local levels. The dynamics and structure of revenues and expenditures of local budgets in the period from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed, which made it possible to distinguish the peculiarities and characteristic features of the management of the system of financial support of local self-government bodies under martial law. It was determined that the increase in the share of tax revenues in the overall structure of local budgets in 2022 is due exclusively to the increase in revenues from the collection of personal income tax. As for other budget-forming taxes, their receipts had a negative increase. The peculiarities of the expenditure part of local budgets in the period from 2018 to 2022 have been determined. Further steps in the direction of strengthening the financial foundations of local authorities are proposed. It was established that in order to support the financial stability and financial independence of local budgets, the state should introduce a number of new mechanisms and tools for managing financial resources.
本文的目的是确定戒严下地方自治团体财政支持体制的管理特点,并寻找新的途径来提高其财政能力,以解决新现实下的任务。确定了在戒严令条件下引入的财政支援地方自治团体制度管理方面的预算立法规范的主要变化。已经确定的是,立法创新在一定程度上违背了权力下放的原则,但它们的采用使稳定国家和地方各级的财政状况成为可能。通过对2018 - 2022年地方预算收支动态和结构的分析,可以区分出戒严时期地方自治机关财政支持制度管理的特殊性和特色。确定2022年税收收入在地方预算总体结构中所占比重的增加完全是由于个人所得税收入的增加。至于其他构成预算的税种,其收入则出现负增长。确定了2018年至2022年地方预算支出部分的特点。建议采取进一步步骤,加强地方当局的财政基础。为支持地方预算的财政稳定和财政独立,国家应引入一些新的财政资源管理机制和工具。
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引用次数: 0
DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES IN CRISIS CONDITIONS 危机条件下餐饮企业创新发展的方向
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.1(23).2023.281193
I. Povorozniuk, N. Shtangeeva
The article examines the main directions of innovative development of restaurant enterprises in crisis economic conditions. It is well-founded that innovations bring significant profits, but require special qualifications and high quality standards. Innovation centers in the food industry should be created in Ukraine in order to develop products that meet the new wishes and demands of consumers. It was determined that the management of innovative activities should become one of the leading areas of strategic management of restaurant enterprises.
本文探讨了危机经济条件下餐饮企业创新发展的主要方向。创新带来巨大利润是有根据的,但需要特殊的资格和高质量标准。应在乌克兰建立食品工业创新中心,以开发满足消费者新愿望和需求的产品。确定了创新活动管理应成为餐饮企业战略管理的主导领域之一。
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引用次数: 0
DIGITALIZATION OF REGULATORY ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE DURING THE POST-WAR PERIOD 战后乌克兰监管活动的数字化
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.281165
L. Vdovychenko
The article reveals the essence of the concepts «regulatory process», «regulatory activity», «digitalization», while regulatory activity as an object of research is considered from the following aspects: economic, legal, informational and organizational. It has been proven that the very application of the term «digitalization» in the course of this study along with the existing definitions does not radically change the essence of the existing process of regulatory activity in Ukraine, which is based on the application of the positive experience of European countries and has certain advantages. The main results of digitalization of regulatory activity at the micro level (optimization, improvement of quality and efficiency of regulatory activity) and macro level (scale of information dissemination, information awareness of subjects in the regulatory process) are presented. It is substantiated that the digitalization of regulatory activity as a transformation process, which is expedient to start in the post-war period, is aimed at solving the primary goals in the field of regulatory activity: accessibility and convenience; improvement of communication links; zero tolerance for corruption; the expediency of the introduced regulations of entrepreneurship and it is recommended to apply the principles proposed by the author in such a process (accessibility, consolidation, ensuring reliability, preservation and protection, technological unity and harmonization of information disclosure in the field of regulatory activity). The areas of risk of digitalization of regulatory activity were investigated (technological: differences between digital and human decision-making logics and military: dependence on technical conditions) and prospects for further research in this area, aimed at changing the tactics and strategy of the development of the economy of Ukraine in the post-war period, were outlined.
本文揭示了“监管过程”、“监管活动”、“数字化”等概念的本质,并从经济、法律、信息和组织等方面对监管活动作为研究对象进行了思考。事实证明,在本研究过程中,“数字化”一词的应用以及现有的定义并没有从根本上改变乌克兰现有监管活动过程的本质,这是基于对欧洲国家积极经验的应用,具有一定的优势。提出了监管活动数字化在微观层面(监管活动的优化、质量和效率的提高)和宏观层面(信息传播规模、监管过程中主体的信息意识)的主要成果。事实证明,监管活动的数字化作为一种转型过程,有利于在战后时期开始,旨在解决监管活动领域的主要目标:可及性和便利性;改善通讯联系;对腐败零容忍;引入的企业家精神条例的权宜之计,建议在这一过程中适用作者提出的原则(可及性、巩固、确保可靠性、保存和保护、技术统一和协调管理活动领域的信息披露)。研究了监管活动数字化的风险领域(技术:数字和人类决策逻辑之间的差异与军事:对技术条件的依赖),并概述了该领域进一步研究的前景,旨在改变战后乌克兰经济发展的战术和战略。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL AND TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIVIDUAL UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF KIROVOGRAD REGION 基罗沃格勒州个别联合领土社区旅游和娱乐潜力及旅游基础设施评估
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.281149
Nataliia V. Barvinok
The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of tourist and recreational potential and tourist infrastructure of some united territorial communities of Kirovohrad region, in particular Gaivoron united territorial community and Zavalliv united territorial community as an important factor in their socio-economic development. The natural tourist and recreational potential of the cultural and historical mouth and their interrelation for the development of certain types of tourism, which will have the highest chance of development in the study area, are analyzed separately. It is determined that it is important to pay attention to such types of tourism as green rural tourism, extreme types of tourism (rafting, mini-mountaineering, climbing, trekking), cycling, water tourism and event tourism. The state and prospects of development of tourist infrastructure, which is an integral part of tourist and recreational activities in the united territorial communities, including accommodation, catering, leisure, consumer services, transport infrastructure, communications and information support. It was found that the tourist infrastructure in the study area is underdeveloped, especially in rural areas and in places with significant natural potential, which have every chance to develop tourism. Particular attention should be paid to roads that do not meet international standards and negatively affect the development of tourist and recreational activities of the study area. It is established that in order to increase the competitiveness of the tourist product of the united territorial communities it is necessary to reconstruct and improve highways, improve and expand the network of accommodation, food, entertainment, arrangement of tourist and recreational facilities, increase and diversify the network of tourist and excursion routes. tourism, providing the industry with skilled workers, promoting the development of small and medium-sized businesses and conducting effective marketing activities for advertising and communication activities, and most importantly, supporting the development of tourism and recreational activities by the united territorial communities. It is noted that the development of tourism and recreation, and on this basis the improvement of infrastructure, development of small and medium-sized businesses and additional capital inflows to the budget of the united territorial communities, will have a positive impact on their socio-economic development.
本文全面评价了基罗沃拉德地区一些联合领土社区,特别是盖沃隆联合领土社区和扎瓦利夫联合领土社区的旅游和娱乐潜力和旅游基础设施的现状,认为这是其社会经济发展的一个重要因素。分别分析了文化历史口的自然旅游休闲潜力及其与研究区内发展机会最大的旅游类型之间的相互关系。确定重点关注绿色乡村旅游、极限旅游(漂流、迷你登山、登山、徒步)、骑行、水上旅游、事件旅游等旅游类型。旅游基础设施的发展状况和前景,这是联合领土社区旅游和娱乐活动的组成部分,包括住宿、餐饮、休闲、消费者服务、运输基础设施、通信和信息支助。研究发现,研究区旅游基础设施不发达,特别是在农村地区和自然潜力显著的地方,这些地方完全有机会发展旅游业。应特别注意不符合国际标准的道路,并对研究地区的旅游和娱乐活动的发展产生负面影响。为了提高联合领土社区旅游产品的竞争力,有必要重建和改善公路,改善和扩大住宿,食品,娱乐网络,旅游和娱乐设施的安排,增加和多样化旅游和游览路线网络。旅游业,为该行业提供熟练工人,促进中小企业的发展,并为广告和传播活动开展有效的营销活动,最重要的是,支持联合领土社区的旅游和娱乐活动的发展。委员会指出,发展旅游和娱乐,并在此基础上改善基础设施、发展中小型企业和增加流入联合领土社区预算的资金,将对其社会经济发展产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 1
TRANSFORMATION OF THE EU COUNTRIES TO THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL 欧盟国家向循环经济模式的转型
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.281264
V. Roleders
The article is devoted to the research of the transformation of the EU countries to the circular economy model. The concept of the circular economy is based on the approach of closing the production cycle, the extended duration of the exploitation phase of the product life cycle, and the processing of waste as resources subject to secondary use. The circular economy is based on a completely new paradigm, according to which it is necessary to analyze in detail existing economic systems and reorganize them in order to increase the level of efficiency in the use of natural resources, transform waste into resources and introduce a new approach to production and consumption. National circular economy monitoring indicators are adapted to strategies, policies and actions specific to a particular country. This is an obstacle to make comparison between countries. There is no single specific, universally accepted set of indicators or indicators that would measure progress in implementing a circular economy for countries. In order to assess the progress of the countries of the European Union, Great Britain, Norway and Ukraine regarding the implementation of the circular economy, an analysis of 13 indicators, grouped into 4 categories, was carried out, which formed the basis of the creation of the circular economy achievement indicator. A correlation analysis was conducted between the calculated circular economy indicator and the global competitiveness index and a positive correlation (0.665) was obtained. Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Austria were found to be leaders, while Ukraine, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, and Malta were outsiders in the circular economy index and global competitiveness index. Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Austria belong to the group of leaders regarding the implementation of the circular economy and the level of competitiveness. It was proved that integral indices, used in the decision-making process at all levels, can become an important tool for improving the management of the socio-economic development of Ukraine, including the regional context. Their use will help to increase the ratings, prestige and authority of the country on the world stage.
本文致力于欧盟国家向循环经济模式转型的研究。循环经济的概念是基于缩短生产周期的方法,延长产品生命周期的开发阶段,并将废物作为可二次利用的资源进行处理。循环经济是基于一种全新的范式,根据这种范式,有必要对现有的经济体系进行详细的分析和重组,以提高自然资源利用的效率水平,将废物转化为资源,并引入一种新的生产和消费方式。国家循环经济监测指标适用于特定国家的具体战略、政策和行动。这是进行国家间比较的一个障碍。没有一套单一的、被普遍接受的指标或指标来衡量各国在实施循环经济方面的进展。为了评估欧盟、英国、挪威和乌克兰在实施循环经济方面的进展,对13个指标进行了分析,分为4类,这构成了创建循环经济成就指标的基础。将计算得到的循环经济指标与全球竞争力指数进行相关分析,得到正相关(0.665)。在循环经济指数和全球竞争力指数中,德国、英国、荷兰、奥地利处于领先地位,而乌克兰、保加利亚、塞浦路斯、希腊、马耳他处于落后地位。德国、英国、荷兰和奥地利在循环经济的实施和竞争力水平方面处于领先地位。事实证明,在各级决策过程中使用的综合指数可以成为改善乌克兰社会经济发展管理的重要工具,包括在区域范围内。它们的使用将有助于提高国家在世界舞台上的评级、声望和权威。
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引用次数: 0
SIGNIFICANCE OF FINANCIAL STRATEGY IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF A MODERN ENTERPRISE 财务战略在现代企业管理体系中的意义
Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.281199
N. Zakharova
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the financial strategy of the enterprise under the conditions of a low level of predictability of the development of the financial and economic situation, as well as to outline the key aspects of ensuring timely and adequate management decisions based on increasing its adaptation capabilities to the factors of the external and internal environment. The structural components of the enterprise's financial strategy are substantiated and the range of tasks that are solved within the framework of each of the strategies and allow to achieve long-term financial goals based on the assessment of the enterprise's financial capabilities, its financial potential and ensuring its financial security are highlighted. The main stages of forming a financial strategy are highlighted and the need to agree on organizational aspects of this process is emphasized, since the quality of the formed financial strategy, its compliance with the general strategy of the enterprise and the possibility of implementation in the period under consideration will depend on the expertise and competence of the specialists involved. The existing segmentation of objects of strategic financial analysis in terms of dominant spheres (directions) of strategic financial development of the enterprise has been supplemented. The range of factors influencing the financial and economic activity of enterprises in the war and post-war period is outlined, the comprehensive analysis of which allows forming a database on the future state of the enterprise and justifying the financial possibilities of ensuring its development. Approaches to the development of a financial strategy based on taking into account risk, depending on the general priorities of further development, management style, have been formed.
本文的目的是在财务和经济形势发展的可预测性较低的条件下,证实企业财务战略形成和实施的特殊性,并概述在提高其对外部和内部环境因素的适应能力的基础上,确保及时和充分的管理决策的关键方面。企业财务战略的结构组成部分得到证实,并在每个战略的框架内解决的任务范围,并在评估企业的财务能力,财务潜力和确保其财务安全的基础上实现长期财务目标。会议强调了制定财务战略的主要阶段,并强调必须就这一过程的组织方面达成协议,因为所制定的财务战略的质量、是否符合企业的总体战略以及在审议期间实施的可能性将取决于有关专家的专门知识和能力。补充了现有的以企业战略财务发展的主导领域(方向)划分战略财务分析对象的做法。本文概述了在战争和战后时期影响企业财务和经济活动的一系列因素,对这些因素进行全面分析后,可以形成一个关于企业未来状况的数据库,并证明确保企业发展的财务可能性是合理的。已经形成了在考虑到风险的基础上,根据进一步发展的一般优先次序、管理方式制定财务战略的办法。
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引用次数: 0
INSURANCE IN TOURISM 旅游保险
Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.1(23).2023.273358
N. Bakalo, Iryna Krekoten, Viktoriia Makhovka
The article is devoted to the definition of insurance in tourism, which will ensure that the tourist solves all problems and receives qualified medical, legal or administrative assistance. It was determined what insurance is, travel insurance, insurance in tourism. It has been proven that insurance in the tourism industry is used to insure against the risk of financial losses, both large and small, that may arise from damage to the insured or his property, or from liability for damage caused to a third party. The main categories of travel insurance have been revealed, namely: insurance against trip cancellation or interruption, insurance for luggage and personal belongings, medical insurance, accident insurance, in-flight accident insurance. The main sections of the travel insurance policy were also mentioned. During the pandemic, it has become more difficult to travel, so you need to understand the requirements of different countries, as well as protect yourself from risks due to the disease. Additional insurances against no-show and additional financial risks help protect tourists from illness if they have a travel permit. It was concluded that travel insurance provides some security and confidence for tourists to travel with peace of mind. Insurance is designed to cover financial risks.
本文致力于旅游保险的定义,这将确保游客解决所有问题,并得到合格的医疗,法律或行政援助。它决定了什么是保险,旅游保险,旅游保险。事实证明,旅游行业的保险是用来针对大大小小的经济损失风险进行保险,这些损失可能来自被保险人或其财产的损害,或来自对第三方造成损害的责任。旅游保险的主要类别已公布,即:取消或中断旅行保险、行李和个人物品保险、医疗保险、意外保险、飞行意外保险。还提到了旅行保险政策的主要部分。在疫情期间,出行变得更加困难,因此您需要了解不同国家的要求,并保护自己免受疾病带来的风险。如果游客有旅行许可证,额外的保险和额外的财务风险有助于保护他们免受疾病的侵害。结论是,旅游保险为游客提供了一定的安全保障和信心,使他们能够安心旅行。保险的目的是覆盖经济风险。
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引用次数: 1
INTERACTION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY BODIES AND CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF POWER DECENTRALIZATION 权力下放条件下公共权力机构与民间社会机构的互动
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.31499/2616-5236.1(23).2023.272840
L. Vasilieva
The purpose of the article is research and generalization of scientific approaches regarding the interaction of public authorities and institutions of civil society in conditions of decentralization of power. It was determined that civil society and public authorities are in constant interaction, complement each other and depend on each other. A strong legal democratic state cannot exist without civil society. As a result of the study, it was established that the activities of civil society institutions should correspond to the strategic goal of civil society to create conditions for the fullest possible self-realization and satisfaction of the interests of society, individual individuals and their collective associations. It was established that the public-legal type of interaction between civil society and public authorities is characterized by the direct power activity of public authorities, which implement the functions of the state through law-making, law enforcement and control. The private-law type of interaction between civil society and public authorities looks somewhat more complicated, since civil society subjects, not having state-authority powers, can influence public authorities through participation in election procedures, examination of legal acts, monitoring and control It is emphasized that control is only one of a rather large number of types of interaction between civil society and public authorities, which can be defined as activities carried out by subjects of civil society in the forms established by regulatory and legal acts, by observation, assessment and, if necessary, adjustment of activities, results of activities of public authorities for the purpose of ensuring their compliance with predetermined parameters and the goal of increasing the efficiency of such activities.
本文的目的是研究和推广关于权力下放条件下公共当局和民间社会机构相互作用的科学方法。会议确定,民间社会和政府当局经常相互作用,相互补充,相互依赖。一个强大的法治民主国家离不开公民社会。这项研究的结果确定,民间社会机构的活动应符合民间社会的战略目标,即创造条件,使社会、个人及其集体协会的利益尽可能充分地自我实现和满足。确立了公民社会与公共权力机构之间的公共-法律型互动,其特征是公共权力机构直接进行权力活动,通过立法、执法和控制来实现国家职能。民间社会与公共当局之间的私法式互动看起来有些复杂,因为民间社会主体没有国家权力,可以通过参与选举程序、审查法律行为、监督和控制来影响公共当局。有人强调,控制只是民间社会与公共当局之间为数众多的互动类型之一。可将其定义为民间社会主体以管制和法律行为规定的形式进行的活动,通过观察、评估和必要时调整活动,公共当局的活动结果,以确保其符合预定参数和提高此类活动效率的目标。
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Economies' Horizons
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