Martina Nied Curcio, Francesca Barozzi, Chayanon Phoodai
Abstract In an increasingly multilingual and multicultural society, many different cultures meet and often merge with one another. The true meaning of the word ‘culture’, what it precisely denotes, and how much it can be described through languages have long been points of discussion. This paper shows how linguistic and cultural exchange and metalexicographic discussion on culture, as practised in the EMLex-Master’s programme, have led to a lexicographic project based on culture-bound words. After a short treatise on the definition of culture and culture-bound items, the ongoing project of a culture dictionary with its concept (macro- and microstructure) and first draft of examples are presented.
{"title":"Representation of culture-bound items in a culture dictionary for German readers","authors":"Martina Nied Curcio, Francesca Barozzi, Chayanon Phoodai","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In an increasingly multilingual and multicultural society, many different cultures meet and often merge with one another. The true meaning of the word ‘culture’, what it precisely denotes, and how much it can be described through languages have long been points of discussion. This paper shows how linguistic and cultural exchange and metalexicographic discussion on culture, as practised in the EMLex-Master’s programme, have led to a lexicographic project based on culture-bound words. After a short treatise on the definition of culture and culture-bound items, the ongoing project of a culture dictionary with its concept (macro- and microstructure) and first draft of examples are presented.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139299332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María José Domínguez Vázquez, Lola Mosquera Sánchez, Deborah Chidimma Nebechukwu, U-Tong Sih
Abstract This paper presents the version 1.0 of the collaborative citizens project Women in Lexicography (WL), which aims to compile and to increase the visibility of female lexicographers’ work in different countries and continents. It explains how this project came about and how the main structural and content characteristics of this collaborative tool were defined, focusing on the description of the Dictionary Platform where WL is hosted and the macro and microstructure of Women in Lexicography. In addition to the presentation of the dictionary from a lexicographical perspective, the role of the work as a cultural mediator is the guiding principle of the contribution. This open science, i. e. this citizen lexicography project, represents a model of sustainable and socially responsible lexicography.
{"title":"Women in Lexicography: a collaborative citizens project","authors":"María José Domínguez Vázquez, Lola Mosquera Sánchez, Deborah Chidimma Nebechukwu, U-Tong Sih","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the version 1.0 of the collaborative citizens project Women in Lexicography (WL), which aims to compile and to increase the visibility of female lexicographers’ work in different countries and continents. It explains how this project came about and how the main structural and content characteristics of this collaborative tool were defined, focusing on the description of the Dictionary Platform where WL is hosted and the macro and microstructure of Women in Lexicography. In addition to the presentation of the dictionary from a lexicographical perspective, the role of the work as a cultural mediator is the guiding principle of the contribution. This open science, i. e. this citizen lexicography project, represents a model of sustainable and socially responsible lexicography.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The following report reflects on the latest activities of the EMLex programme and gives a short overview of the international summer term which took place 2023 at the Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem in Budapest.
摘要 以下报告反映了 EMLex 计划的最新活动，并简要介绍了 2023 年在布达佩斯 Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem 举行的国际夏季学期。
{"title":"„Ein Mann, ein Wort, viele EMLexler, ein Wörterbuch“","authors":"Zita Hollós, Andrea Kalicz","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The following report reflects on the latest activities of the EMLex programme and gives a short overview of the international summer term which took place 2023 at the Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem in Budapest.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139296845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We explore specialized knowledge and aim to show that expert conceptual spaces differ from those of non-experts. This rather broad research question is addressed from different perspectives: first we collect free associations to selected stimulus terms from the domain of karstology from experts and non-experts, demonstrating that the underlying knowledge affects the associative inventory and that the overlap between both groups is low. Next, we look for knowledge frames which might shape the expert responses by activating conceptual links, and compare them to corpus-derived frames. Finally, we train neural language models on specialized versus general corpora to see whether the neural semantic space as represented by the cosine distance resembles the semantic spaces obtained through human associations. Results show that human associations indeed reflect knowledge frames, but that the overlap with the trained word embeddings is again low, indicating inherent differences between the associative semantic proximity in experts and non-experts, and between humans and neural meaning representations.
{"title":"The anatomy of specialized knowledge: Comparing experts and non-experts through associations, frames and language models","authors":"Špela Vintar, Amanda Saksida","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We explore specialized knowledge and aim to show that expert conceptual spaces differ from those of non-experts. This rather broad research question is addressed from different perspectives: first we collect free associations to selected stimulus terms from the domain of karstology from experts and non-experts, demonstrating that the underlying knowledge affects the associative inventory and that the overlap between both groups is low. Next, we look for knowledge frames which might shape the expert responses by activating conceptual links, and compare them to corpus-derived frames. Finally, we train neural language models on specialized versus general corpora to see whether the neural semantic space as represented by the cosine distance resembles the semantic spaces obtained through human associations. Results show that human associations indeed reflect knowledge frames, but that the overlap with the trained word embeddings is again low, indicating inherent differences between the associative semantic proximity in experts and non-experts, and between humans and neural meaning representations.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Xhosa speaking people, in common with other African people, possess a rich folklore tradition comprising mostly of tales, proverbs, riddles and poetry. Of these verbal arts, proverbs are by far the most frequently employed, in a number of ways for different purposes. In their daily communication, the Xhosa speaking people often resort to proverbs as an important and most effective strategy to optimize the rhetorical effectiveness of their speech messages. Because proverbs are frequently used in normal, everyday speech situations, the Xhosa speaking people, like any other African communities, assign great socio-cultural importance to the proverbs. This paper explores the moral nature and significance of the Xhosa proverbs which contribute to the norms and conventions and cultural wisdom well-ordered society. In the Xhosa culture, a feeling for language, imagery and expression of abstract ideas through compressed and allusive phraseology is realized in proverbs. Data were gathered from two published sources in Xhosa language titled Izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa by EWM Mesatywa (1954) and IsiXhosa 4 by JA du Plessis (1978). The data for this paper also included my knowledge, experience and introspection, based on being a Xhosa native speaker and experienced academic in language-related culture dimensions of African languages.
摘要 与其他非洲民族一样，科萨语族拥有丰富的民间文学传统，主要包括故事、谚语、谜语和诗歌。在这些语言艺术中，谚语是迄今为止使用最频繁的，其使用方式多种多样，目的也各不相同。在日常交流中，说科萨语的人经常使用谚语，将其作为优化语言信息修辞效果的重要和最有效的策略。由于谚语经常在正常的日常言语场合中使用，所以说科萨语的人和其他非洲社区一样，赋予了谚语极大的社会文化重要性。本文探讨了科萨语谚语的道德性质和意义，这些谚语有助于形成规范、惯例和秩序井然的社会文化智慧。在科萨文化中，谚语体现了对语言、意象的感受，并通过压缩和暗喻的措辞表达抽象的思想。数据收集自两本出版的科萨语资料，分别是 EWM Mesatywa 著的《Izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa》（1954 年）和 JA du Plessis 著的《IsiXhosa 4》（1978 年）。本文的数据还包括我的知识、经验和反思，因为我是以科萨语为母语的人，也是非洲语言文化方面经验丰富的学者。
{"title":"Proverbs as an agent of cultural wisdom and identity among the Xhosa speaking people","authors":"M. Dlali","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Xhosa speaking people, in common with other African people, possess a rich folklore tradition comprising mostly of tales, proverbs, riddles and poetry. Of these verbal arts, proverbs are by far the most frequently employed, in a number of ways for different purposes. In their daily communication, the Xhosa speaking people often resort to proverbs as an important and most effective strategy to optimize the rhetorical effectiveness of their speech messages. Because proverbs are frequently used in normal, everyday speech situations, the Xhosa speaking people, like any other African communities, assign great socio-cultural importance to the proverbs. This paper explores the moral nature and significance of the Xhosa proverbs which contribute to the norms and conventions and cultural wisdom well-ordered society. In the Xhosa culture, a feeling for language, imagery and expression of abstract ideas through compressed and allusive phraseology is realized in proverbs. Data were gathered from two published sources in Xhosa language titled Izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa by EWM Mesatywa (1954) and IsiXhosa 4 by JA du Plessis (1978). The data for this paper also included my knowledge, experience and introspection, based on being a Xhosa native speaker and experienced academic in language-related culture dimensions of African languages.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139296569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Corpora are nowadays the primary source of many dictionaries and the core element of various platforms and information systems. Lexicographers have therefore a variety of new possibilities which were unthinkable in the past with different types of corpora available for use in the data collection phase of the lexicographic process (Flinz 2021). Not only lexicographers, but also other types of users (academics, translators, teachers, students etc.) can profit from them, especially when corpora are public and can be accessed using corpus linguistic tools (Ballestracci/Buffagni/Flinz 2020; Flinz/Farina 2020). The LBC-corpora are monolingual specialized comparable corpora, already online (http://corpora.lessicobeniculturali.net/) and, as monitor corpora (Lemnitzer/Zinsmeister 2015: 140), they will be augmented over time. They can be analysed using the open source tool NoSketchEngine (Billero 2020). The LBC-Corpora are also the lexicographic primary source of the LBC multilingual dictionary, which is in preparation: the provisional entry lists of different languages (Spanish, German, and French) are now ready (Billero/Farina/Nicolás Martínez 2020) and together with a selection of KWICS, which have been carefully selected following a quantitative-qualitative procedure (for German see Buffagni/Flinz/Ballestracci in prep.), will soon be online (Flinz et al. in prep.). The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the LBC-corpora from a double perspective: from the user of the LBC-platform and from the lexicographic team. In the first case following an overview of the principal characteristics of the LBC-Platform, the focus will be on the accessible corpora showing the tools which can be used (§ 2). In the second case the LBC-corpora will be examined in their function as a data basis for the LBC-Dictionary (§ 3). The attention will be on the data preparation phase: after discussing the procedure for the realization of the LBC-provisional lemma candidate lists, the focus will be on the adopted procedure for finding equivalence relations and for the individuation of other types of relations between the entries (synonymy, belonging to the same semantic field etc.). In § 4 the focus will be on the LBC-provisional lemma candidate lists and their related KWICs. Conclusions and an outlook to the future can be found in the last section (§ 5).
{"title":"The multifunctional LBC-Corpora: different aims depending on the user","authors":"C. Flinz","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Corpora are nowadays the primary source of many dictionaries and the core element of various platforms and information systems. Lexicographers have therefore a variety of new possibilities which were unthinkable in the past with different types of corpora available for use in the data collection phase of the lexicographic process (Flinz 2021). Not only lexicographers, but also other types of users (academics, translators, teachers, students etc.) can profit from them, especially when corpora are public and can be accessed using corpus linguistic tools (Ballestracci/Buffagni/Flinz 2020; Flinz/Farina 2020). The LBC-corpora are monolingual specialized comparable corpora, already online (http://corpora.lessicobeniculturali.net/) and, as monitor corpora (Lemnitzer/Zinsmeister 2015: 140), they will be augmented over time. They can be analysed using the open source tool NoSketchEngine (Billero 2020). The LBC-Corpora are also the lexicographic primary source of the LBC multilingual dictionary, which is in preparation: the provisional entry lists of different languages (Spanish, German, and French) are now ready (Billero/Farina/Nicolás Martínez 2020) and together with a selection of KWICS, which have been carefully selected following a quantitative-qualitative procedure (for German see Buffagni/Flinz/Ballestracci in prep.), will soon be online (Flinz et al. in prep.). The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the LBC-corpora from a double perspective: from the user of the LBC-platform and from the lexicographic team. In the first case following an overview of the principal characteristics of the LBC-Platform, the focus will be on the accessible corpora showing the tools which can be used (§ 2). In the second case the LBC-corpora will be examined in their function as a data basis for the LBC-Dictionary (§ 3). The attention will be on the data preparation phase: after discussing the procedure for the realization of the LBC-provisional lemma candidate lists, the focus will be on the adopted procedure for finding equivalence relations and for the individuation of other types of relations between the entries (synonymy, belonging to the same semantic field etc.). In § 4 the focus will be on the LBC-provisional lemma candidate lists and their related KWICs. Conclusions and an outlook to the future can be found in the last section (§ 5).","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article analyzes the relationship between lexicon and culture, first from a description theoretical perspective. The focus is on a conception of these two under aspects of technical language, particularly with regard to the relationship between noun and verb-based technical language. Subsequently, an attempt is made to derive culture from speech, specifically from the linguistic action within a language community, while taking into account hermeneutic problems. In closing the article explains how the unity of word usage and culture can be presented and communicated to a target audience by the FWB, a semantically-oriented dictionary. The lemma glaube in its definition 4 serves as an example.
{"title":"The lexicon and culture – culture and the lexicon","authors":"Oskar Reichmann","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyzes the relationship between lexicon and culture, first from a description theoretical perspective. The focus is on a conception of these two under aspects of technical language, particularly with regard to the relationship between noun and verb-based technical language. Subsequently, an attempt is made to derive culture from speech, specifically from the linguistic action within a language community, while taking into account hermeneutic problems. In closing the article explains how the unity of word usage and culture can be presented and communicated to a target audience by the FWB, a semantically-oriented dictionary. The lemma glaube in its definition 4 serves as an example.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This contribution focuses on the current state of specialised language and conceptual knowledge coverage in general-language or generalist lexicographic portals. The final goal is to establish whether their terminological and conceptual treatment is extensive enough to be compared with that found in specialised dictionaries used by terminologists, translators, and technical writers. Terminology of two domains, i. e. the medical field of virology related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the technical field of photovoltaics, is analysed in selected lexicographic portals. Results show that hybrid lexicographic and lexicological portals display the highest level of terminological coverage and detailed conceptual systems.
{"title":"Specialised language and conceptual knowledge in lexicographic portals","authors":"Laura Giacomini","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This contribution focuses on the current state of specialised language and conceptual knowledge coverage in general-language or generalist lexicographic portals. The final goal is to establish whether their terminological and conceptual treatment is extensive enough to be compared with that found in specialised dictionaries used by terminologists, translators, and technical writers. Terminology of two domains, i. e. the medical field of virology related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the technical field of photovoltaics, is analysed in selected lexicographic portals. Results show that hybrid lexicographic and lexicological portals display the highest level of terminological coverage and detailed conceptual systems.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Anhand des vielseitig verwendeten und lexikographisch schwierig zu handhabenden Wortes zu gibt dieser Aufsatz einen Einblick in die Leistung eines wissenschaftlichen Wörterbuchs, das den schweizerdeutschen Wortschatz in seiner Schriftlichkeit und Mündlichkeit über eine Zeitspanne von sieben Jahrhunderten dokumentiert und dabei seit jeher großen Wert aufs Detail legt: das Schweizerische Idiotikon. Zuerst werden die mit dem Artikel zue/ze verbundenen Überlegungen vorgestellt und anhand ausgewählter Themen einige von dessen Inhalten präsentiert. Anschließend wird die über 140-jährige Geschichte der Darstellung der Funktionswörter in den bislang sechzehneinhalb Bänden des Schweizerischen Idiotikons aufgerollt. Den Schluss des Aufsatzes bildet ein Plädoyer für eine sorgfältige Berücksichtigung dieser hochfrequeten Lexeme durch die Lexikographie.
{"title":"„Als Ziel gilt, den Wortinhalt allseits auszuleuchten, auch kleinste Facetten sichtbar zu machen“ – Funktionswörter im Schweizerischen Idiotikon / Wörterbuch der schweizerdeutschen Sprache","authors":"Christoph Landolt","doi":"10.1515/lex-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Anhand des vielseitig verwendeten und lexikographisch schwierig zu handhabenden Wortes zu gibt dieser Aufsatz einen Einblick in die Leistung eines wissenschaftlichen Wörterbuchs, das den schweizerdeutschen Wortschatz in seiner Schriftlichkeit und Mündlichkeit über eine Zeitspanne von sieben Jahrhunderten dokumentiert und dabei seit jeher großen Wert aufs Detail legt: das Schweizerische Idiotikon. Zuerst werden die mit dem Artikel zue/ze verbundenen Überlegungen vorgestellt und anhand ausgewählter Themen einige von dessen Inhalten präsentiert. Anschließend wird die über 140-jährige Geschichte der Darstellung der Funktionswörter in den bislang sechzehneinhalb Bänden des Schweizerischen Idiotikons aufgerollt. Den Schluss des Aufsatzes bildet ein Plädoyer für eine sorgfältige Berücksichtigung dieser hochfrequeten Lexeme durch die Lexikographie.","PeriodicalId":29876,"journal":{"name":"LEXICOGRAPHICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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