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Population sequencing of cherry accessions unravels the evolution of Cerasus species and the selection of genetic characteristics in edible cherries. 樱桃种群测序揭示了樱桃物种的进化和食用樱桃遗传特征的选择。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00120-4
Yahui Lei, Songtao Jiu, Yan Xu, Baozheng Chen, Xiao Dong, Zhengxin Lv, Anthony Bernard, Xunju Liu, Lei Wang, Li Wang, Jiyuan Wang, Zhuo Zhang, Yuliang Cai, Wei Zheng, Xu Zhang, Fangdong Li, Hongwen Li, Congli Liu, Ming Li, Jing Wang, Jijun Zhu, Lei Peng, Teresa Barreneche, Fei Yu, Shiping Wang, Yang Dong, Dirlewanger Elisabeth, Shengchang Duan, Caixi Zhang

Cerasus is a subgenus of Prunus in the family Rosaceae that is popular owing to its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Understanding the evolution of the Cerasus subgenus and identifying selective trait loci in edible cherries are crucial for the improvement of cherry cultivars to meet producer and consumer demands. In this study, we performed a de novo assembly of a chromosome-scale genome for the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivar 'Burlat', covering 297.55 Mb and consisting of eight chromosomes with 33,756 protein-coding genes. The resequencing and population structural analysis of 384 Cerasus representative accessions revealed that they could be divided into four groups (Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4). We inferred that Group 1 was the oldest population and Groups 2, 3, and 4 were clades derived from it. In addition, we found selective sweeps for fruit flavor and improved stress resistance in different varieties of edible cherries (P. avium, P. cerasus, and P. pseudocerasus). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differential expression of genes associated with key pathways, such as sucrose starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway, between the leaves and fruits of P. avium. This study enhances the understanding of the evolutionary processes of the Cerasus subgenus and provides resources for functional genomics research and the improvement of edible cherries.

樱属是蔷薇科李属的一个亚属,因其观赏、食用和药用特性而广受欢迎。了解樱桃亚属的进化和鉴定食用樱桃的选择性性状位点,对樱桃品种的改良,以满足生产者和消费者的需求具有重要意义。在这项研究中,我们对甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)栽培品种‘Burlat’进行了染色体尺度基因组的从头组装,该基因组覆盖297.55 Mb,由8条染色体组成,含有33,756个蛋白质编码基因。通过对384份代表性材料的重测序和种群结构分析,将其划分为4个类群(类群1、类群2、类群3和类群4),推测类群1是最古老的种群,类群2、3和4是由类群演化而来的支系。此外,我们还发现了不同品种的可食用樱桃(p.a vium, p.c erasus和p.a pseudocerasus)对水果风味和抗逆性的选择性清除。转录组分析显示,与蔗糖淀粉和蔗糖代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢、戊糖磷酸途径等关键通路相关的基因在叶片和果实之间的表达存在显著差异。该研究有助于加深对樱桃亚属进化过程的认识,为功能基因组学研究和食用樱桃改良提供资源。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in the molecular mechanism of grapevine resistance to fungal diseases. 葡萄抗真菌病害分子机制研究进展。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00119-x
Zhi Li, Ronghui Wu, Fangying Guo, Yuejin Wang, Peter Nick, Xiping Wang

Grapevine is an important economic fruit tree worldwide, but grape production has been plagued by a vast number of fungal diseases, which affect tree vigor and the quality and yield of berries. To seek remedies for such issues, researchers have always been committed to conventional and biotechnological breeding. In recent years, increasing progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of grape-pathogenic fungi interactions and resistance regulation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular basis of grapevine resistance to fungal diseases, including fungal effector-mediated susceptibility and resistance, resistant regulatory networks in grapevine, innovative approaches of genetic transformation, and strategies to improve grape resistance. Understanding the molecular basis is important for exploring and accurately regulating grape resistance to fungal diseases.

葡萄是世界上重要的经济果树,但葡萄生产一直受到大量真菌病害的困扰,这些病害影响着树的活力和果实的质量和产量。为了寻求解决这些问题的方法,研究人员一直致力于传统育种和生物技术育种。近年来,在葡萄与病原菌相互作用及抗性调控的分子机制研究方面取得了越来越多的进展。本文综述了葡萄对真菌病害抗性的分子基础,包括真菌效应介导的敏感性和抗性,葡萄的抗性调控网络,遗传转化的创新方法,以及提高葡萄抗性的策略。了解其分子基础对探索和准确调控葡萄对真菌病害的抗性具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Efficient genome editing in grapevine using CRISPR/LbCas12a system. 更正:利用CRISPR/LbCas12a系统对葡萄藤进行高效基因组编辑。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00133-z
Chong Ren, Elias Kirabi Gathunga, Xue Li, Huayang Li, Junhua Kong, Zhanwu Dai, Zhenchang Liang
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引用次数: 0
Potato steroidal glycoalkaloids: properties, biosynthesis, regulation and genetic manipulation. 马铃薯甾体糖生物碱:性质、生物合成、调控和基因操作。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00118-y
Yongming Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Yingge Li, Yanfei Pei, Abdul Jaleel, Maozhi Ren

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), predominantly comprising α-solanine (C45H73NO15) and α-chaconine (C45H73NO14), function as natural phytotoxins within potatoes. In addition to their other roles, these SGAs are crucial for enabling potato plants to withstand biotic stresses. However, they also exhibit toxicity towards humans and animals. Consequently, the content and distribution of SGAs are crucial traits for the genetic improvement of potatoes. This review focuses on advancing research related to the biochemical properties, biosynthesis, regulatory mechanisms, and genetic improvement of potato SGAs. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on future research directions to further enhance our understanding of SGA biosynthesis and regulation, ultimately facilitating the targeted development of superior potato varieties.

甾体糖生物碱(SGAs)主要由α-茄碱(C45H73NO15)和α-恰康碱(C45H73NO14)组成,是马铃薯中的天然植物毒素。除了它们的其他作用外,这些SGAs对于马铃薯植物抵御生物胁迫至关重要。然而,它们对人类和动物也表现出毒性。因此,SGAs的含量和分布是马铃薯遗传改良的关键性状。本文就马铃薯SGAs的生化特性、生物合成、调控机制及遗传改良等方面的研究进展作一综述。展望了未来的研究方向,以期进一步提高对SGA生物合成和调控的认识,从而有针对性地开发马铃薯优良品种。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances and future directions in banana molecular biology and breeding. 香蕉分子生物学与育种研究进展与展望。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00122-2
Chunzhen Cheng, Shuofan Wu, Guiming Deng, Ou Sheng, Ganjun Yi, Qiaosong Yang

Since publication of a draft genome of the doubled-haploid 'Pahang' banana (Musa acuminata, DH-Pahang), a new era for banana biology research has begun. With the release of genomic data from some important Musa species and subspecies and the continuous development of molecular biology techniques, significant progress has been made. Here, we summarize the achievements and advances in the banana molecular biology and breeding over the past decade covering origin and domestication, fruit biology, stress biology, and breeding aspects, and highlight their challenges and future perspectives. This review is intended to provide researchers with the latest information on the complex genetic background and evolutionary relationship of bananas, the biology of fruit ripening, and multi-omics-based stress biology research. We especially focus on recent advances in the molecular breeding of bananas, offering an informative research direction and providing valuable technical references for future research in the field.

自从双单倍体“Pahang”香蕉(Musa acuminata, DH-Pahang)基因组草图的发表以来,香蕉生物学研究的新时代已经开始。随着一些重要的Musa种和亚种基因组数据的发布和分子生物学技术的不断发展,取得了重大进展。本文从香蕉起源驯化、果实生物学、胁迫生物学、育种等方面综述了近十年来在香蕉分子生物学和育种方面取得的成就和进展,并指出了面临的挑战和未来的展望。本文综述了香蕉复杂的遗传背景和进化关系、果实成熟生物学以及基于多组学的胁迫生物学研究等方面的最新进展。重点介绍了香蕉分子育种的最新进展,为今后的研究提供了有益的研究方向和有价值的技术参考。
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引用次数: 0
Horizontal transfer of plasmid-like extrachromosomal circular DNAs across graft junctions in Solanaceae. 茄科植物中类似质粒的染色体外环状 DNA 跨嫁接接头的水平转移。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00124-0
Aijun Zhang, Tingjin Wang, Lu Yuan, Yuxin Shen, Ke Liu, Bin Liu, Kexin Xu, Mohamed A Elsadek, Yiting Wang, Liang Wu, Zhenyu Qi, Jingquan Yu, Mingfang Zhang, Liping Chen

The transfer of genetic material between stocks and scions of grafted plants has been extensively studied; however, the nature and frequency of the transferred material remain elusive. Here, we report a grafting system involving woody goji as the stock and herbaceous tomato as the scion, which was developed using in vitro and in vivo approaches; the results confirmed horizontal transfer of multiple nuclear DNA fragments from donor goji cells to recipient tomato cells. Tomato tissues containing goji donor DNA fragments at or near the grafting junctions had a perennial-biased anatomical structure, from which roots or shoots were regenerated. Most of the fragments were plasmid-like extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) present in the regenerants derived from the cells and in their asexual offspring. Plants with transferred eccDNAs in regenerated roots or shoots (designated "Go-tomato") were grown perennially and showed excellent agronomic performance. The present study provides new insights into the replication, expression, and potential function of eccDNAs in the pleiotropic traits of Go-tomato. Mobile eccDNAs offer evidence of stock-to-scion horizontal DNA transfer beyond chromosomes and organelles, thereby contributing to the molecular understanding of graft-induced genetic variation, evolution, and breeding.

人们已经对嫁接植物的种皮和接穗之间的遗传物质转移进行了广泛的研究;然而,转移物质的性质和频率仍然难以确定。在此,我们报告了一个以木本枸杞为种皮、草本番茄为接穗的嫁接系统,该系统是通过体外和体内方法开发的;结果证实了多个核 DNA 片段从供体枸杞细胞水平转移到受体番茄细胞。在嫁接交界处或附近含有枸杞供体DNA片段的番茄组织具有多年生偏向的解剖结构,并从中再生出根或芽。大部分片段是质粒样染色体外环状DNA(cccDNA),存在于细胞再生体及其无性后代中。再生根或芽中含有转入的ccDNAs的植株(命名为 "Go-tomato")可常年生长,并表现出优异的农艺性状。本研究为cccDNAs在番茄多效性状中的复制、表达和潜在功能提供了新的见解。可移动的cccDNA为染色体和细胞器以外的种群间DNA水平转移提供了证据,从而有助于从分子角度理解嫁接诱导的遗传变异、进化和育种。
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引用次数: 0
Transcription factor PbrERF114 is involved in the regulation of ethylene synthesis during pear fruit ripening. 转录因子 PbrERF114 参与了梨果成熟过程中乙烯合成的调控。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00114-2
Guoming Wang, Zhihua Guo, Tengjiao Wang, Xueping Wang, Kaijie Qi, Jiping Xuan, Chao Gu, Shaoling Zhang

The plant hormone ethylene is indispensable to the ripening of climacteric fruits. Although extensive studies have been conducted on ethylene signaling, the ethylene response factor (ERF)-mediated transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in pear fruits remains to be fully elucidated. We here constructed, sequenced, and analyzed transcriptome libraries in ethephon-treated and 1-MCP-treated Cuiguan pear fruits. In total, 721 fruit ripening-associated differentially expressed genes were identified. Among them, two key genes exhibited positive correlations: the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS)-encoding gene PbrACS3 and the ERF-encoding gene named PbrERF114. PbrERF114 overexpression increased ethylene production as well as the PbrACS3 expression level. Conversely, virus-induced gene silencing downregulated PbrERF114, thereby decreasing ethylene production and reducing PbrACS3 expression levels. Notably, PbrERF114 could directly interact with PbrACS3 and PbrERF24 promoters, thus inducing their expression. However, it did not result in an enhancement in luciferase activity, which is regulated by the PbrACS1b or PbrACO1 promoter. PbrERF24 could directly bind to PbrACO1 as well as PbrACS3 to promote ethylene synthesis. In conclusion, PbrERF114 can directly and indirectly mediate ethylene biosynthesis by transcriptionally regulating PbrACS3 and PbrERF24, respectively, thereby triggering a signaling cascade that induces the expression of both PbrACS3 and PbrACO1.

植物激素乙烯是攀缘果实成熟不可或缺的物质。尽管对乙烯信号转导进行了广泛的研究,但乙烯响应因子(ERF)介导的梨果乙烯生物合成转录调控仍有待全面阐明。在此,我们构建了乙烯利处理和 1-MCP 处理的翠冠梨果实的转录组文库,并对其进行了测序和分析。共鉴定出 721 个与果实成熟相关的差异表达基因。其中,两个关键基因表现出正相关性:1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合成酶(ACS)编码基因 PbrACS3 和 ERF 编码基因 PbrERF114。PbrERF114 的过表达提高了乙烯的产量以及 PbrACS3 的表达水平。相反,病毒诱导的基因沉默会下调 PbrERF114,从而减少乙烯的产生并降低 PbrACS3 的表达水平。值得注意的是,PbrERF114 可直接与 PbrACS3 和 PbrERF24 启动子相互作用,从而诱导它们的表达。然而,它并没有导致荧光素酶活性的增强,而荧光素酶活性是由 PbrACS1b 或 PbrACO1 启动子调控的。PbrERF24 可直接与 PbrACO1 以及 PbrACS3 结合,促进乙烯的合成。总之,PbrERF114可分别通过转录调控PbrACS3和PbrERF24直接和间接介导乙烯的生物合成,从而触发诱导PbrACS3和PbrACO1表达的信号级联。
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引用次数: 0
Begomoviruses associated with okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD): diversity, transmission mechanism, and management strategies. 与黄秋葵黄脉花叶病(OYVMD)相关的蚕豆病毒:多样性、传播机制和管理策略。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00112-4
Thomas Wilbur Davis, Andrew Nasa Thompson

Okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD) is a major constraint to okra production globally. It is caused by several distinct begomoviruses, including okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV), that are transmitted by the whitefly. This study synthesizes current knowledge on the complex interactions between whiteflies, begomoviruses, and okra plants that enable viral spread and cause OYVMD. The acquisition and transmission cycle involves specific processes including virion ingestion during phloem-feeding, endocytosis and passage across insect tissues, secretion in saliva, and inoculation into plants. Molecular compatibilities between vector coat proteins, midgut proteins, and plant factors modulate virus replication and movement through barrier tissues. Abiotic stresses and host traits also impact whitefly behavior and virus epidemiology. Begomoviruses such as OYVMV have spread globally wherever whitefly vectors and susceptible okra varieties occur. Integrated management of the tripartite pathosystem that incorporates host resistance, cultural tactics, and biological control is required to mitigate the transmission of begomoviruses and OYVMD impact. Finally, resolving vector-virus interactions and developing interference strategies will help contribute to strengthening okra germplasm resistance which can support sustainable food production.

黄秋葵黄脉花叶病(OYVMD)是全球黄秋葵生产的主要制约因素。它是由几种不同的乞巧病毒引起的,包括黄秋葵黄脉花叶病毒(OYVMV),由粉虱传播。本研究综述了目前关于粉虱、乞蛾病毒和黄秋葵植物之间复杂的相互作用的知识,这些相互作用促成了病毒的传播并引发了 OYVMD。病毒的获取和传播周期涉及特定过程,包括在韧皮部取食过程中摄取病毒、内吞和穿过昆虫组织、分泌唾液以及接种到植物中。载体衣壳蛋白、中肠蛋白和植物因子之间的分子兼容性调节病毒的复制和在屏障组织中的移动。非生物胁迫和寄主特性也会影响粉虱的行为和病毒的流行。只要有粉虱媒介和易感黄秋葵品种出现,OYVMV 等乞蛾病毒就会在全球范围内传播。需要对三方病理系统进行综合管理,将寄主抗性、文化策略和生物防治结合起来,以减轻乞猴病毒的传播和 OYVMD 的影响。最后,解决病媒与病毒之间的相互作用并制定干扰策略将有助于增强秋葵种质的抗性,从而支持可持续的粮食生产。
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引用次数: 0
VvD14c-VvMAX2-VvLOB/VvLBD19 module is involved in the strigolactone-mediated regulation of grapevine root architecture. VvD14c-VvMAX2-VvLOB/VvLBD19模块参与了绞股蓝内酯介导的葡萄根系结构调控。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00117-z
Yan Xu, Zhengxin Lv, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Linhong Song, Maosen Wang, Lei Wang, Shiping Wang, Caixi Zhang, Songtao Jiu

The D14 protein, an alpha/beta hydrolase, is a key receptor in the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway. However, the response of VvD14 to SL signals and its role in grapevine root architecture formation remain unclear. This study demonstrated that VvD14c was highly expressed in grapevine tissues and fruit stages than other VvD14 isoforms. Application of GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the elongation and diameter of adventitious roots but inhibited the elongation and density of lateral roots (LRs) and increased VvD14c expression. Additionally, GR24 is nested within the VvD14c pocket and strongly bound to the VvD14c protein, with an affinity of 5.65 × 10-9 M. Furthermore, VvD14c interacted with grapevine MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (VvMAX2) in a GR24-dependent manner. Overexpression of VvD14c in the d14 mutant and VvMAX2 in the max2 Arabidopsis mutant reversed the increased LR number and density, as well as primary root elongation. Conversely, homologous overexpression of VvD14c and VvMAX2 resulted in reduced LR number and density in grapevines. VvMAX2 directly interacted with LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY (VvLOB) and VvLBD19, thereby positively regulating LR density. These findings highlight the role of SLs in regulating grapevine root architecture, potentially via the VvD14c-VvMAX2-VvLOB/VvLBD19 module, providing new insights into the regulation of root growth and development in grapevines.

D14蛋白是一种α/β水解酶,是绞股蓝内酯(SL)信号通路中的一个关键受体。然而,VvD14对SL信号的反应及其在葡萄根系结构形成中的作用仍不清楚。本研究表明,与其他 VvD14 同工型相比,VvD14c 在葡萄组织和果实阶段的表达量较高。施用 SL 类似物 GR24 可增强不定根的伸长和直径,但会抑制侧根(LRs)的伸长和密度,并增加 VvD14c 的表达。此外,GR24 嵌套在 VvD14c 口袋中,与 VvD14c 蛋白结合力很强,亲和力为 5.65 × 10-9 M。此外,VvD14c 与葡萄 MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2(VvMAX2)以一种依赖 GR24 的方式相互作用。在拟南芥 d14 突变体中过表达 VvD14c 和在 max2 突变体中过表达 VvMAX2 可逆转 LR 数量和密度的增加以及主根的伸长。相反,同源过表达 VvD14c 和 VvMAX2 会导致葡萄树的 LR 数量和密度减少。VvMAX2 直接与 LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY (VvLOB) 和 VvLBD19 相互作用,从而对 LR 密度起到正向调节作用。这些发现强调了SLs在调节葡萄根系结构中的作用,可能是通过VvD14c-VvMAX2-VvLOB/VvLBD19模块,为葡萄根系生长和发育的调节提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Ovule initiation in crops characterized by multi-ovulate ovaries. 以多卵巢为特征的作物的胚珠萌发。
IF 10.6 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00116-0
Yuan-Xin Wang, Xian-Chen Geng, Lu-Han Yang, Ze-Yu Xiong, Yu-Tong Jiang, Jian Pan, Wen-Hui Lin
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引用次数: 0
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Molecular Horticulture
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